Salah is an important act of worship in Islam that connects believers to Allah. It is obligatory for Muslims to pray five times a day at specific times. Proper purification through washing is a fundamental prerequisite of valid and accepted prayer. Muslims are required to clean themselves through washing their faces, hands, arms, heads, and feet with water before every prayer, as purification is essential for standing before Allah in prayer.

2. What is Salah?
1. It is Ibaadah
2. It is the physical proof of Imaan without which our Imaan
is negated
3. It is an honor bestowed on us by Allah‫ﷻ‬
4. It is a means of connecting to Allah‫ﷻ‬
5. It is a tool to solve our problems by asking Allah‫ﷻ‬
6. It is the key to Jannah
7. It is a reminder of our meeting with Allah‫ﷻ‬
2

3. Our purpose
ِ‫ل‬ َّ‫َّل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫نس‬ِْ‫اْل‬َ‫و‬ َّ‫ن‬ِْ‫اْل‬ ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ِِ‫و‬ََُُُُْْ‫ي‬
Dhariyath 51: 56 I created the jinn and humankind only that they
might worship Me.
3

4. Why Salah?
َ‫ف‬ َ‫ََن‬‫أ‬ َّ‫َّل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫َّل‬ َُّ‫اَّلل‬ َ‫ََن‬‫أ‬ ِ‫ِن‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ََ ََََّّ‫ال‬ َِِِِ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ ُُُِِْْْ‫ا‬ِِِِِْْ‫ل‬
Ta-Ha 20: 14. "Verily! I am Allah! La ilaha illa Ana (none has the
right to be worshipped but I), so worship Me, and
establish As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat) for My Remembrance.
4

5. Salah is a meter
ِ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ُوح‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ت‬‫ا‬َِِّ‫إ‬ ََ ََََّّ‫ال‬ َِِِِ‫أ‬َ‫و‬
ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫اء‬َ‫ش‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ن‬َْ ‫ى‬َ‫ه‬َْ‫ن‬ََ‫ت‬ ََ ََََّّ‫ال‬َِِ‫ك‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬
5
Ankabut 29: 45. Recite (O Muhammad ) what has been revealed to you of the
Book (Qur'an), and establish As-Salat(Iqamat-as-Salat). Verily, As-
Salat prevents from Al-Fahsha' (great sins of every kind) and Al-Munkar (evil
wicked deeds)

6. Salah is the pledge
ُ‫ي‬َِْ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫َّي‬ِ‫إ‬‫و‬ ََُُُُْْ‫ن‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫َّي‬ِ‫إ‬
Fatiha 1: 5. You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help
(for each and everything)
6
Key Question:
What is the state of my Iman?

7. Salah at its time
ِ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َْ ْ‫ت‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َََََََّّْ‫ال‬ َِِّ‫إ‬‫ا‬‫وت‬ُِْ‫و‬َّ‫م‬ ‫ا‬‫اًب‬َ‫ت‬ِْ َ‫ي‬
Nisa 4: 103. Verily, the prayer is enjoined on the believers at
fixed hours.
7

8. Benefits of Salah
ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُُِ‫ك‬ْ‫ش‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ُُِِْْْْْ‫ذ‬َ‫أ‬ ِِ‫و‬ُُِْْ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ِِ‫و‬ُُِ‫ف‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫َّل‬َ‫و‬
َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ه‬‫اَّلل‬ َِِّ‫إ‬ َََََِّّ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ِْ‫ْب‬ََّّ‫ل‬ِ‫ًب‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ين‬َِْ‫ت‬ْ‫اس‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫آم‬ َ‫ين‬َِِّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َُّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫َّي‬
َ‫ين‬ِِِ‫ب‬‫ا‬ََّّ‫ال‬
8
Baqara 2: 152. Therefore remember Me (by praying, glorifying, etc.). I will remember
you, and be grateful to Me (for My countless Favours on you) and never be ungrateful
to Me. 153. O you who believe! Seek help in patience and As-Salat (the prayer). Truly!
Allah is with As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.)

9. Be thankful
ُْ‫ت‬َِْ‫ك‬َ‫ش‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ل‬ ُِْ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ََِّ‫ذ‬ََ‫َت‬ ْ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫و‬َْ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ُِْ‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬َُ‫ي‬ِ‫ز‬َ‫أل‬َِِّ‫إ‬ ُْ‫ت‬َِْ‫ف‬
ُ‫ي‬َُِ‫ش‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫اِب‬ََِْ
9
• Ibrahim 14: 7. And (remember) when your Rabb proclaimed:
"If you give thanks, I will give you more (of My Blessings), but
if you are thankless, verily! My Punishment is indeed severe."

10. Praying consciously
1. Do we really need Salah?
2. Do we really understand the value of 27 times?
3. Do we see Salah as a burden or a tool?
4. Do we see Salah as an honor or a chore?
10
How did the Sahaba see Salah?

11. Leaving Salah
َْ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َِ ََِ‫ق‬َ‫س‬ ِ‫ِف‬ ُِْ‫ك‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫ي‬‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ََُّ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬
Mudathir 74: 42-43 “What led you into Hell Fire?”
They will say: “We were not of those who prayed”
11

12. Leaving Salah
1. Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said: Bainal kufri wal Iman, tarkus Salah. ``
The difference between disbelief and Iman is the
abandonment of Salah. `` [ Tirmidhi ]
2. Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said: Al Ahdalladhi bainana wa bainahum
As-Salah. Faman tarakaha faqad kafar. `` The covenant
between us (i,e. the prophet and the other Muslims) is
As-Salah. Whoever leaves it, he has committed disbelief
(Kufr). [ Musnad Imam Ahmad ]
12

13. First question is about Salah
• Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said: “The first thing for which a person will be
brought to account on the Day of Resurrection will be his Salah. If it
is sound, he will be successful, and if it is lacking in any way, he will
be doomed. If his obligatory prayers are lacking, Allah‫ﷻ‬ will say:
“Look and see whether My slave has any voluntary prayers which
may be used to make up what is lacking in his obligatory prayers.”
Then all his deeds will be examined and dealt with in the same
way.’”
• [Sunan al-Tirmidhi no. 413; see also Saheeh al-Jaami’, 2020]
13

14. Salah – Blessings
• "Allah‫ﷻ‬ has obligated five prayers. Whoever excellently performs
their ablutions, prays them in their proper times, completes their
bows, prostrations and khushu` [Khushu` in the prayer is where the
person’s heart is attuned to the prayer. This feeling in the heart is
then reflected on the body. The person remains still and calm. His
gaze is also lowered. Even his voice is affected by this feeling in the
heart] has a promise from Allah‫ﷻ‬ that He will forgive him. And
whoever does not do that has no promise from Allah‫.ﷻ‬ He may
either forgive him or punish him."
[Malik, Ahmad, Abu Dawud, al-Nasa’i and others.
14

15. Salah – Blessings
• Narrated Abu Huraira : I heard Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ saying, “If there
was a river at the door of anyone of you and he took a bath in it
five times a day would you notice any dirt on him?”
• They said, “Not a trace of dirt would be left. Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said,
“That is the example of the five prayers with which Allah‫ﷻ‬ wipes
out (annuls) evil deeds.”
[Hadith Sahih: Bukhari and Muslim]
15

16. Why must we learn the correct way?
• Narrated Malik : We came to Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ and stayed with him for
twenty days and nights. We were all young and of about the same age.
Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ was very kind and merciful. When he realized our longing
for our families, he asked about our homes and the people there and we
told him. Then he asked us to go back to our families and stay with them
and teach them (the religion) and to order them to do good things.
Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ then added, “Pray as you have seen me praying and when
it is the time for the prayer one of you should pronounce the Adhan and
the oldest of you should lead the prayer.”
To learn how to pray is a Sunnah 16

17. Tahara
Purification is the fundamental of prayer

18. ََّّ‫ال‬ َ‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُِْ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬ُِ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫آم‬ َ‫ين‬َِِّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َُّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫َّي‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ ُِْ‫ك‬َ‫وه‬ُ‫ج‬ُ‫و‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫غ‬‫فا‬ ََُِِْ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ُِْ‫ي‬
ْ‫َر‬‫أ‬َ‫و‬ ُِْ‫ك‬ِ‫وس‬ُ‫ؤ‬ُِِ‫ب‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ح‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ام‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ق‬ِ‫اف‬ََِ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬ُِِْ‫إ‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ي‬ََُْْ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُِْ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬ُِْ‫نت‬
َْ ْ‫َو‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ض‬َِّْ‫م‬ ُِ‫نت‬ُِِْ‫إ‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬َُِّ‫ه‬َّ‫ط‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬َُُ‫ن‬ُ‫ج‬ُِ‫ك‬‫ن‬َّ‫م‬ َُ‫َح‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬ ْ‫َو‬‫أ‬ ٍَِ‫ف‬َ‫س‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ن‬ِ
‫ه‬‫م‬
َُُِ‫َت‬ َِْ‫ل‬ََ‫ف‬ ‫اء‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ه‬‫الن‬ ُُِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫م‬َ‫َّل‬ ْ‫َو‬‫أ‬ ِ‫ط‬ِ‫ائ‬َ‫غ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ُ‫ي‬َِْ‫ص‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫م‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ي‬ََ‫ت‬ََ‫ف‬ ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ُ
َ‫م‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ
‫ه‬‫م‬ ُِ‫ك‬‫ي‬ُِْ‫َي‬‫أ‬َ‫و‬ ُِْ‫ك‬ِ‫وه‬ُ‫ج‬ُ‫و‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫ا‬‫و‬ُ‫ح‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ام‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َْ َ‫ل‬َْْ‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬‫اَّلل‬ ُُ‫ي‬ُِِ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ْ‫ن‬ِ
‫ه‬‫م‬ ِ
ِ‫ت‬ُ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ََُِِّْْ‫ه‬َ‫ط‬ُ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ُُ‫ي‬ُِِ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫َك‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ٍ‫ج‬ََِ‫ح‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬ََْ‫ل‬ ُِْ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َْ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬ِْْ‫ن‬ ََِِّ‫و‬ُُِ‫ك‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬ ِْ
18

19. Tahara is the foundation
• Ma’aidah 5: 6 “O you who believe! When you intend to offer As-
Salaah, wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up to the elbows, rub
(by passing wet hands over) your heads, and (wash) your feet up to the
ankles. If you are in a state of Janaaba (i.e. after a sexual discharge), purify
yourselves (bathe your whole body). But if you are ill or on a journey, or
any of you comes after answering the call of nature, or you have been in
contact with women (i.e. sexual intercourse), and you find no water, then
perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith your faces and
hands. Allah does not want to place you in difficulty, but He wants to
purify you, and to complete His Favor to you that you may be thankful.”
19

20. Ghusl becomes necessary in five cases
1. Release of sperm with pleasure. If it is released accidentally
without intention due to some physical activity, it breaks Wudhu
but Ghusl is not required
2. Wet dream with semen discharge.
3. When ever the tip of man's private part enters woman's private
part (intentionally or otherwise)
4. Haiz (monthly period for women)
5. Nifaas (The release of blood after a woman gives birth)
May Allah‫ﷻ‬ bless the Ansari women, who asked questions without being
shy so that we could learn our religion. ~ Ayesha Siddiqa (RA) 20

21. Fardh of Ghusl are 3
1. To wash mouth with water as it should reach all the parts internally.
From lips to the base of throat. If not fasting, gargle. Remove anything
stuck between teeth or the Ghusl will not be complete
2. To wash inside the nose with water. Water should be pulled hard
enough all the way to the soft part of the base of nose. The nose
should be cleaned and if pierced, the hole must also be wetted.
3. To wash the body once from head to the bottom of feet. Water must
poured over body. Every hair and all skin must get wet. Even if a single
hair or a small portion of skin is not washed Ghusl will not be complete
21

22. Sunnah of Ghusl are 6
1. Wash both hands and private parts even if they are clean, then if
there is any Najasat (impurity) on the body, wash it away.
2. Perform a complete Wudhu
3. Niyyah
4. Then pour water on the entire body three times. First head, then
right shoulder, then left; make sure that every part gets totally
wet.
22

23. Sunnah of Ghusl are 6
5. With the Hanafis Wudhu doesn’t break if you touch your private
parts during Ghusl for washing them. For other Imams, it breaks
if you touch your private parts and so you need to do Wudhu
again at the end of Ghusl.
6. When a ghusl is completed it is not necessary to perform Wudhu
at the end unless it is broken while making Ghusl.
23

24. Wudhu – Rasoolullah‫’ﷺ‬s way
1. Narrated by Humraan the freed slave of ‘Uthmaan, who said that
‘Uthmaan ibn ‘Affaan called for water to do Wudhu.
2. He washed his hands three times, then he rinsed his mouth and nose,
then he washed his face three times, then he washed his right arm up
to the elbow three times, then he washed his left arm likewise. Then
he wiped his head, then he washed his right foot up to the ankle three
times, then he washed his left foot likewise.
3. Then he said, “I saw Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ doing Wudhu as I have done it, then
Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said, ‘Whoever does Wudhu as I have done it, then prays
two Rak’aat in which he focuses completely on his prayer, his previous
sins will be forgiven.’” (Narrated by Muslim, al-Tahaarah, 331)
24

25. Wudhu – Fardh parts
1. Washing the face completely once, which includes rinsing the mouth
and nose; Washing the arms up to the elbows, once. Wiping the entire
head, including the ears. Washing the feet up to ankles, once.
2. This must be done in order, so wash the face first, then the arms, then
wipe the head, then wash the feet, this is the Sunnah and Fardh in
Wudhu. Changing the order invalidates the Wudhu.
3. This must be done continuously, without any lengthy interruptions
between washing one part and the next.
Ma’aidah 5: 6 “O you who believe! When you intend to offer As-Salaah, wash your faces
and your hands (forearms) up to the elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads,
and (wash) your feet up to the ankles.

26. Wudhu – Sunnah, Mustahabb
1. You must have the intention of purifying yourself and removing
impurity. The intention should not be spoken out loud for its
place is in the heart. This applies to all acts of worship. You
should say Bismillaah.
2. Then you should wash your hands three times. Then you should
rinse your mouth three times, swirling the water around inside
your mouth, and rinse your nose three times, blowing the water
out and using the left hand to remove the water from your nose.
26

27. Wudhu – Sunnah, Mustahabb
3. You should wash you face three times, from the hairline to the jawbone and
chin, and from ear to ear. A man should wash the hair of his beard because it
is part of the face. If his beard is thin he has to wash it inside and out, and if
it is thick and covers the skin, he should wash the surface of it only and run
his wet fingers through it.
4. Then he should wash his arms up to the elbows three times. The arm
extends from the fingertips, including the nails, to the lower part of the
upper arm. It is essential to remove anything stuck to the hands before
washing them, such as dough, mud, paint, etc, that could prevent the water
from reaching the skin. Nail polish invalidates Wudhu.
27

28. Wudhu – Sunnah, Mustahabb
5. Then wipe the head and ears once with fresh water, not the water left over
from washing the arms. The way in which the head is to be wiped is that you
put your wet hands at the front of your head and bring them to the back of
your head, then bring them back to the place where you started. Then put
your index fingers in your ears and wipe the back of the ears with your
thumbs.
6. With regard to a woman’s hair, she should wipe it whether it is loose or
braided from the front of her head to the roots of the hair at the nape of her
neck, but she does not have to wipe the entire length of her hair.
7. Then wash your feet three times up to and over the ankles.
28

29. Wudhu – Sunnah, Mustahabb
1. It is mustahabb to say, when one has completed wudoo’: “Ashhadu an laa ilaaha ill-Allah
wahdahu laa shareeka lah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasooluhu (I bear
witness that there is no god except Allah alone with no partner or associate, and I bear
witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah),”
2. Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said: “There is no one among you who does Wudhu and does it properly and
does it well, then he says, ‘Ashhadu an laa ilaaha ill-Allah wahdahu laa shareeka lah, wa
ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasooluhu,’ but the gates of Jannah will be opened
to him and he may enter through whichever of them he wishes.” (Narrated by Muslim, al-
Tahaarah, 345).
3. A report narrated by al-Tirmidhi adds: “Allahumma ij’alni min al-tawwaabeena wa’j’alni min
al-mutatahhireen (O Allah, make me one of those who repent and make me one of those
who purify themselves).” (al-Tahaarah, 50; Saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Sunan Abi
Dawood, no. 48)
29No difference between Wudhu for men and women

30. Masa over socks
• It is permissible to make Masa over your socks or shoes, provided they
cover the entire foot upto the ankle.
• Masa can be made only when the feet had been washed in Wudhu and
then you wear socks. Then if your Wudhu breaks, you can make Masa
over the socks.
• The way to do Masa is to wet your right hand and pass it over the top of
your right foot and do likewise with your left hand to your left foot.
• If you make Masa over your socks or shoes and take them off, then your
Wudhu will be broken and you must then remove your socks and wash
your feet when you make Wudhu.
30

31. Clothing and place
1. Decent clothes that cover the entire body and don’t uncover during
Salah. If Awrah is uncovered, Salah becomes invalid.
2. Don’t wear T-shirts with slogans or pictures for Salah.
3. Men to wear perfume and brush teeth and ensure that there are no
unpleasant smells unduly. Don’t eat onion and garlic before Salah.
4. Place of prayer must be visibly clean. Place a Sutra before you.
5. If shoes are clean and you are praying outdoors, you can pray with
your shoes on
6. Covering the head is Mustahabb. Deliberately uncovering is disliked.
31

32. Day 2
32

33. Sutra is Sunnah
1. Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri  narrated that Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said:
“When one of you prays, let him pray facing towards a Sutra
and draw close to it, and not let anyone pass in front of
him.” And he‫ﷺ‬ said: “Let one of you use a Sutra when he
prays, even if it is an arrow.”
2. This includes when one is travelling and when one is at
home, and it includes both obligatory and Nawafil prayers.
33
Imam’s Sutra is enough for the followers

34. Earn and Eat Halaal
1. Earning and eating Haraam affects your worship
2. Earning and eating Halaal strengthens your worship
3. Allah‫ﷻ‬ doesn’t need you to do Haraam to feed yourself
4. Haraam earning, food, clothing and behavior, all
negatively impact Salah and dua
34
If you want dua to be accepted, earn & eat Halaal

35. Follow Sunnah
1. Salah is Fardh and Salah is Sunnah
2. Sunnah is the way that Allah‫ﷻ‬ likes which is why He
made all actions of worship, Sunnah
3. Sunnah is not restricted to actions of worship alone, so
follow Sunnah in all parts of your life
4. Reject all Bida’at
35
Salah in congregation is Fardh

36. Praying in the Masjid
1. Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said to a man who asked him for permission not to
pray in congregation: “Can you hear the call?” He said, “Yes.” He
said: “Then answer it.” Narrated by Muslim, 6533.
2. And he‫ﷺ‬ said: “Whoever hears the call and does not come, there
is no prayer for him (i.e. his prayer is not valid), except for one
who has an excuse.” [Sahih al-Tirmidhi, 217]
3. Juma is not Fardh on the traveler. But if he wishes, he can pray
with the congregation of the place he is visiting
36
Can’t combine Asr with Juma

37. Salah in Jama’a is Fardh
1. “When you hear the Iqamah, then walk to the prayer, and
you should be tranquil and dignified, and not rush. Whatever
you catch up with, pray, and whatever you miss, complete
it.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 636; Muslim, 602
2. Dignity in dress, bearing, behavior
3. In the Masjid: Silence, speaking softly, not speaking about
matters of the Dunya, not laughing loudly
4. Sit in Dhikr, pray Nawafil, read Qur’an
37
Orderliness, don’t obstruct people, consideration

38. Correcting the Imam
38

39. Qasr – Shortening for travel
• Two conditions apply: Distance and duration of the travel
• Distance of 80 km agreed upon by all scholars
1. Hanbalis: is that if a person intends to stay for more than four days, the
ruling on travel no longer applies to him and he must pray the full Salah
2. Shawafis and Malikis: if he intends to stay for four days or more, then he
must offer the prayers in full, but the day of arrival and the day of departure
are not included in that. i.e. 6 days
3. Hanafis: if he intends to stay for more than fifteen days he should offer the
prayers in full. If not he may shorten his prayers. Al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 4/545
39

40. Qasr is for the traveler
1. If you live in a place, that becomes your residence and you must
pray the full prayer there.
2. If you travel and the requirement of travel of distance and
duration applies, then you must pray Qasr during your travel and
while you stay in that place for that duration
3. The fact that your travel is to your hometown or a place where
you own a house or have family, doesn’t make you resident, so
you can continue to shorten your Salah
40

41. Joining prayers
1. It is permissible for a traveler to join Zuhr and ‘Asr, and
Maghrib and ‘Isha’, at the time of the earlier or later
prayer, depending on what is easiest for him.
2. But it is better for him not to do that unless it is difficult
for him to offer every prayer on time.
3. Pray on planes or trains, standing or sitting if standing is
not possible. Standing is preferable at least for Takbir.
41
No Sunnah prayers for the traveler who prays Qasr

42. Making up prayers
1. A prayer that should have been offered whilst travelling when he
was still travelling; so he should offer it in shortened form.
2. A prayer that should have been offered whilst he was not travelling
when he was not travelling; so he should offer it in complete form.
3. A prayer that should have been offered whilst he was travelling
when he was not travelling; he should offer it in shortened form
according to the correct opinion.
4. A prayer that should have been offered whilst he was not travelling
when he was travelling; he should offer it in complete form.
42

43. Salah
Its external aspects
43

44. Parts of Salah
1. Rukn
2. Fardh
3. Sunnah
1. If you miss it, you must go back and do it. If you
deliberately don’t do it, your Salah is invalid
2. If you miss it, you can do Sajda Sahw
3. If you miss it, it doesn’t invalidate your Salah
and Sajda Sahw is also not required
44

45. Following the Imam
1. Make the Niyyah to follow the Imam
2. Follow the Imam – don’t precede him
3. Complete what you must do behind him
4. Don’t simply stand silently
45
The Imam is not praying for you but leading you

46. Surah Al Fatiha
1. Reciting al-Fatiha is a Rukn of Salah and is to be recited in each
Rak’ah both by the Imam and by those who are being led by him,
because Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said: “There is no Salah for the one who
does not recite the Opening of the Book [al-Fatiha].” (Bukhaari,
714).
2. The hadeeth “The recitation of the Imam is the recitation of the
one who is praying behind him” is da’eef (weak).
3. Recite al-Fatiha especially when the Imam is silent
46

47. No Salah without Al Fatiha
1. It is obligatory to recite al-Fatiha when praying alone and it is obligatory
upon the Imam and those whom he is leading both in prayers where Qur’an
is to be recited out loud and when it is to be recited silently,
2. The Ayah (meaning): “So, when the Qur’an is recited, listen to it, and be silent
that you may receive mercy”[al-A’raaf 7:204] is general in meaning and
applies both to al-Fatiha and other Suras.
3. The following hadeeth refers to an exception to that rule: “There is no
prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening of the Book.”
47
Simply standing silently behind the Imam is not Salah

48. Rukn or Pillar – 14
1. Standing during obligatory prayers if one is able to do so
2. The opening takbeer (saying “Allahu akbar”)
3. Reciting al-Faatihah
4. Rukoo’ (bowing), the least of which means bending so that the
hands can touch the knees, but the most complete form means
making the back level and the head parallel with it.
5. Rising from bowing
6. Standing up straight
48

49. Rukn or Pillar – 14
7. Sujood (prostration), the most perfect form of which is placing the
forehead, nose, palms, knees and toes firmly on the ground, and the
least of which is placing a part of each of these on the ground.
8. Rising from Sujood
9. Sitting between the two Sujood. However one sits is good enough,
but the Sunnah is to sit muf-tari-shan, which means sitting on the left
foot and holding the right foot upright with the toes pointing towards
the Qiblah.
10. Being at ease in each of these physical pillars
49

50. Rukn or Pillar – 14
11. The final Tashahhud
12. Sitting to recite the final Tashahhud and the two salaams
13. The two salaams. This means saying twice, “al-salaamu ‘alaykum
wa rahmat-Allah (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah).”
14. Doing the pillars in the order mentioned here. If a person
deliberately prostrates before bowing, for example, the prayer is
invalidated; if he does that by mistake, he has to go back and
bow, and then prostrate.
50

51. Fardh – 8
1. Takbeers other than the opening takbeer
2. Saying “Sami’a Allahu liman hamidah (Allah hears those
who praise Him” – for the imam and for the one who is
praying alone.
3. Saying “Rabbana wa laka’l-hamd (Our Rabb, to You be
praise)”
4. Saying “Subhaana rabbiy al-‘azeem (Glory be to my Rabb
Almighty)” once when bowing
51

52. Fardh – 8
5. Saying “Subhaana rabbiy al-a’laa (Glory be to my Rabb
most High)” once when prostrating
6. Saying “Rabb ighfir li (Rabb forgive me)” between the
two prostrations
7. The first Tashahhud
8. Sitting for the first Tashahhud
52

53. Sunnah words of Salah – 11
1. Saying after the opening takbeer, “Subhaanaka Allahumma wa bi
hamdika, wa tabaaraka ismuka, wa ta’aala jadduka wa laa ilaaha
ghayruka (Glory and praise be to You, O Allah; blessed be Your name,
exalted be Your Majesty, and there is no god but You).” This is called
du’aa’ al-istif-taah (opening du’aa’)
2. Seeking refuge with Allah
3. Saying Bismillaah
4. Saying Ameen
5. Reciting a surah after al-Faatihah
6. Reciting out loud, in the case of the imam
53

54. Sunnah words of Salah – 11
7. Saying after the tahmeed (Rabbana wa laka’l-hamd), for one who is
not praying behind an imam
8. Saying the Tasbeeh when bowing more than once, such as a second or
third time or more
9. Saying the Tasbeeh in prostration more than once
10. Saying “Rabb ighfir li (My Rabb forgive me)” more than once between
the two prostrations
11. Sending prayers upon the family of Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ in the last Tashahhud
and sending blessings upon him and upon them, and saying dua after
that.
54

55. Sunnah postures – 13
1. Raising the hands when saying the opening Takbeer
2. Raising the hands when bowing
3. Raising the hands when rising from bowing
4. Dropping them after that
5. Placing the parts of the body on which one prostrates firmly on
the ground, apart from the knees, because it is Makrooh to press
them firmly on the ground.
55

56. Sunnah postures – 13
6. Placing the right hand over the left
7. Looking towards the place of prostration
8. Standing with the feet apart
9. Holding the knees with fingers spread apart when bowing, holding the
back straight and making the head parallel with it.
10. Keeping the elbows away from the sides, and the belly from the
thighs, and the thighs from the calves; keeping the knees apart;
holding the feet upright; holding the toes apart on the ground; placing
the hands level with the shoulders with the fingers spread.
56

57. Sunnah postures – 13
11. Sitting Muf-tari-shan between the two prostrations and in the
first Tashahhud, and sitting Muta-warri-kan in the second
Tashahhud.
12. Placing the hands on the thighs with the fingers together
between the two prostrations, and in the Tashahhud, hold the
fingers of the right hand in a fist and raise the index finger
13. Turning to the right and left when saying the salaam
57

58. Prohibitions in Salah
1. Salah is not a dance – so unnecessary movement is prohibited
2. Unnecessary movement can even invalidate Salah. That includes
looking here and there instead of concentrating on the prayer.
3. Holding the Mushaf (Qur’an) and reading from it when you are
following the Imam invalidates your Salah.
4. The Imam can read from the Mushaf in all but Fardh Salawaat. So
can anyone praying by himself.
5. As for looking at your phone as soon as you finish Salah…..
58

59. Sajda Sahw
1. This becomes necessary in two cases:
1. If you miss a Rukn. You make up the Rukn and make Sajda Sahw at the
end of the Salah
2. If you miss a Fardh, you simply make Sajda Sahw at the end of Salah
2. How to do Sajda Sahw?
1. Make one Salam after the last Tashahhud. Then make two Sujood. Then
sit and recite Attahiyaat, Durood Ibrahim and dua and make Salam to
end Salah
2. Complete all your duas in the last Tashahhud and then make two Sujood
and then make the two Salaam to end Salah.
59

60. After Salah
1. Complete the Adhkaar that Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ used to do after every
Fardh Salah
2. Then make dua
3. Then pray the Sunnah after the Fardh
4. You can pray the Sunnah at home or elsewhere instead of the
masjid but to deliberately not pray the Sunnah is a major sin
60
If you are in a hurry make even more sure that you complete the Adhkaar.
Because the job for which you want to neglect the Dhikr can only be
completed by the One who’s Dhikr you want to neglect

61. Who should be the Imam?
Conditions of leading Salah

62. Who should be the Imam?
• Abu Mas’ood al-Ansaari said: Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said: “The
people should be led in Salah by the one who has most
knowledge of the Book of Allah; if they are equal in
knowledge of the Qur’an, then by the one who has most
knowledge of the Sunnah.” [Muslim, 1530]
• This is the opinion of Imams Abu Hanifa and Ahmad ibn
Hanbal
62

63. Knowledge of Fiqh
1. It is essential for the Imam to know the rulings on prayer,
because he may do something, that would cause the Salah
of others to be imperfect or invalid altogether.
2. Imams Malik & al-Shaafa’i said that the one who has more
knowledge of Fiqh should take precedence over the one
who knows more Qur’an, because what he needs of
recitation is known but what he needs of Fiqh may not be
clear.
63

64. Minimum Qualities of the Imam
1. A’aqil wa Baaligh: Must be mentally sound and mature
2. Not Faasiq: Must be morally sound and not Faasiq
3. Male: For Imamat of men and women & must make Niyyah
4. Woman: May do Imamat of women only by standing with them
64
Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said,
‘Do not give Imamat to the one who seeks it.’

65. Salah
Its inner aspects

66. َِ‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ح‬َ‫ل‬َْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬ َُِْ
ِ‫اش‬َ‫خ‬ ِِِْ‫ِت‬ َََ‫ص‬ ِ‫ِف‬ ُِْ‫ه‬ َ‫ين‬َِِّ‫ل‬‫ا‬َِ‫و‬ُْ
Mu’minoon 23: 1-2 Successful indeed are the
believers. Those who have Khushoo in their Salah
66

67. Hadith Jibreel
• He said, ‘Tell me about al-Ihsaan (excellence).’
• He [Rasoolullah‫]ﷺ‬ answered, ‘It is that you worship Allah‫ﷻ‬
as if you see Him. And even though you do not see Him,
[you know] He sees you.’
• Khushoo helps us to increase our Taqwa as it is a reflection
of it – to be aware of Allah‫ﷻ‬ and be concerned about His
Will
67
This attitude is the essence of Islam in our whole life

68. How to increase Khushoo
1. Make perfect Wudhu (don’t waste water)
2. When you stand for Salah, remind yourself about where you are
standing i.e. in the special presence of Allah‫ﷻ‬
3. Seek the protection of Allah‫ﷻ‬ from Shaytaan. Recite Sura An-
Naas as it is special protection from the whisperings of Shaytaan
4. Remind yourself that this may be the last Salah of your life
5. Learn Arabic so that you understand the recitation
68
May Allah‫ﷻ‬ perfect your Salah and take your soul
when you are in Salah

69. Sujood
1. Abu Huraira reported: Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said, “The slave is
nearest to his Rabb during Sujood, so increase your
supplications (dua) therein.” (Sahih Muslim)
2. Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ said, “Whoever humbles himself before
Allah‫ﷻ‬ , Allah‫ﷻ‬ will elevate him.” (Muslim)
3. “My Ummah on that day will surely have bright faces
because of Sujood, and bright arms and feet because of
Wudhu.” (Ahmad)
69

70. Sujood
ْ‫ب‬َِ‫َت‬َِْ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ُُْ‫ج‬ْ‫اس‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ِْْ‫ط‬ُ‫ت‬ َ‫َّل‬ َََّْ
Alaq 96: 19 “No! Do not obey him. But prostrate and
draw near [to Allah].”
• “Make much Sujood because there is no Muslim that makes Sajda to
Allah‫,ﷻ‬ except that Allah‫ﷻ‬ raises him one degree in Jannah by it and
forgives for him a sin.” (Ahmad)
70

71. Effort is the key
Rabi’a bin Ka’b said:“I was with Rasoolullah‫ﷺ‬ one night and I
brought him water and what he required. He said to me: ‘Ask
[anything you like].’ I said: ‘I ask your company in Jannah.’
He said: ‘Anything else besides it?’
I said: ‘That is all (that I require).’
He said: ‘Then help me to achieve this for you by devoting yourself
often to Sujood.’” (Muslim)
71

72. In conclusion
1. There are some differences of opinion among the fuqaha’
regarding some of these issues; what is regarded as
obligatory by some is regarded as Sunnah by others. These
are discussed in detail in the books of Fiqh.
2. What has been mentioned are things which are considered
essential by everyone and which must be adhered to.
72
Finally make dua and ask Allah‫ﷻ‬ to help you to perfect your Salah and
make the effort yourself. May Allah‫ﷻ‬ reward you for your intention and
in keeping with His Magnificence and Generosity