Saahil Aneja conducted an experiment to test if an egg can float in salt water. The hypothesis was that objects sink or float depending on their density and buoyancy, and an egg can float in salt water. The procedure involved placing an egg in a glass of water and observing that it sank, then adding salt to the water and observing that the egg floated. The results confirmed the hypothesis that density and buoyancy determine if an object sinks or floats.