Running head: SOCIOLOGY ROUGH DRAFT 1 Sociology rough draft Introduction to Sociology Name Ivy Cypress Date 03/01/2014 Instructor Name: Dr. Mary Kay Svedberg Introduction          As a godmother of 3 young black boys I often think of their futures and that in today’s society at least one of them is expected to go to prison at some point in their life brings me to tears.  According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, one in three black men can expect to go to prison in their lifetime.           While people of color make up about 30 percent of the United States’ population, they account for 60 percent of those imprisoned.  The disproportionate rates of incarceration in communities of color are a direct reflection of racial disparities in the criminal justice system in the United States. Body Part 1 · This issue fits into the field of sociology, as it is about the disparities brought about by race. The black community is being discriminated by the white community in the United States because of its race. This is being exhibited inequality exhibited by the criminal justice system. It does make sense that the minority community in the nation will make up the majority number of people in prisons. There must be something wrong, which is eventually leading to this. Either, the blacks are being unfairly arrested and sentenced, or the whites are being favored during sentencing, thus getting simple penalties (Alexander, 2010). It can also be assumed that the resources are unevenly distributed, whereby the blacks are unable to get them in order to sustain themselves. This eventually leads them to crime, thus ending up in prison. This conforms to the conflict theory which says that the society is composed of groups fighting for the limited resources. In the end, the community with more resources also acquires power, which it uses to control those with little resources. In this case, the white community has a lot of resources, hence power, thus using it to control the blacks, who have very little resources. This has in turn led to the whites being more favored than blacks. · This discriminationis manifested in various forms. For example, in schools, black students are easily suspended or given harsh punishments for doing simple mistakes. This is unlike their white counterparts, who receive weak penalties. For instance, when a black student fails to complete his or her assignments, she is usually awarded zero grade. This is not usually the case with the white students, as they are usually given more time to finish the assignments. In 2006, two students happened to fight while in school. One was black while the other one was white. The white student ended up injuring badly the black student as he was older than him. When the incident got to the school administration, the black boy was suspended for 1 month, despite being injured. The white student on the other hand was only told to come with his parent the following day. The black student had been .

1. Running head: SOCIOLOGY ROUGH DRAFT
1
Sociology rough draft
Introduction to Sociology
Name Ivy Cypress
Date 03/01/2014
Instructor Name: Dr. Mary Kay Svedberg
Introduction
As a godmother of 3 young black boys I often think of
their futures and that in today’s society at least one of them is
expected to go to prison at some point in their life brings me to
tears. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, one in
three black men can expect to go to prison in their lifetime.
While people of color make up about 30 percent of the
United States’ population, they account for 60 percent of those
imprisoned. The disproportionate rates of incarceration in
communities of color are a direct reflection of racial disparities
in the criminal justice system in the United States.
Body
Part 1
· This issue fits into the field of sociology, as it is about the
disparities brought about by race. The black community is being
discriminated by the white community in the United States
because of its race. This is being exhibited inequality exhibited
by the criminal justice system. It does make sense that the
minority community in the nation will make up the majority
number of people in prisons. There must be something wrong,
which is eventually leading to this. Either, the blacks are being

2. unfairly arrested and sentenced, or the whites are being favored
during sentencing, thus getting simple penalties (Alexander,
2010). It can also be assumed that the resources are unevenly
distributed, whereby the blacks are unable to get them in order
to sustain themselves. This eventually leads them to crime, thus
ending up in prison. This conforms to the conflict theory which
says that the society is composed of groups fighting for the
limited resources. In the end, the community with more
resources also acquires power, which it uses to control those
with little resources. In this case, the white community has a lot
of resources, hence power, thus using it to control the blacks,
who have very little resources. This has in turn led to the whites
being more favored than blacks.
· This discriminationis manifested in various forms. For
example, in schools, black students are easily suspended or
given harsh punishments for doing simple mistakes. This is
unlike their white counterparts, who receive weak penalties. For
instance, when a black student fails to complete his or her
assignments, she is usually awarded zero grade. This is not
usually the case with the white students, as they are usually
given more time to finish the assignments. In 2006, two
students happened to fight while in school. One was black while
the other one was white. The white student ended up injuring
badly the black student as he was older than him. When the
incident got to the school administration, the black boy was
suspended for 1 month, despite being injured. The white student
on the other hand was only told to come with his parent the
following day. The black student had been blamed for starting
the war by the school administration, despite witnesses from
their class saying the white student was the one who had started
it. In this situation, the school administrators acted according to
the social phenomenology theory, as they made their decisions
based on the students’ races rather than the situation at hand.
Part 2
· There are various things regarding this issue that are known,

3. whereas others are not known. One of the things that is known
is that there is discrimination in the criminal justice systems in
the United States. It is not possible for people from one race to
make over 60% of prisoners in a nation that have all races in a
fair criminal justice system. This is based on statistical
revelations that 1 out of 3 black men eventually ends up in
prison. This shows that almost 40% of blacks end in prison. It is
also known that blacks usually get longer sentences once
convicted, than their white counterparts even if their crimes are
the same. However, there are some things that are still unknown
pertaining to this issue. One of the unknown things is why
blacks usually get longer sentences compared to the white
convicts. A study needs to be conducted to tell us why the
judges come up with such decisions, and why they think that
blacks are more dangerous to the society than the whites
(Applerouth&Edles, 2008).
· We still do not know why we have a lot of blacks in the
United States prisons. Besides this, we still do not know why
the blacks learn that they are discriminated against their color at
an early age. These questions need answers, which will lead to
the solution of the puzzle that has been disturbing American for
a very long time. This is based on the fact that slavery was
abolished, something that paved way for equity in the society.
We have to look for answers regarding the origin of these vices
in the American society. We also need to find out if indeed the
problem is with the system or the blacks themselves.
Part 3
· To tackle this issue, a sociological research needs to be done.
The research will have to be thorough in order to cover all
critical areas regarding this issue. The research will be able to
establish the reasons why school administrators give different
punishments to the white and black students. The research can
also enable the society know if indeed the white school
administrators are the ones to blame for the unfair punishments
of the black students. It will also establish the role that the

4. black students play in the harsh punishments they receive.
· The research will also come up with various findings
regarding the relationship between the criminal justice systems
and the blacks. It will find out the various reasons why the
blacks usually receive harsh punishments, and what they can do
to avoid it. Perhaps, it might also enable the society know the
attitude that the white judges towards the black convicts, and
assess if it has impact on the judgments they make. The social
inquiry might have several practical implications. For example,
the report might enable the judges to change their views on
black convicts. This might in turn lead to the reducing their
sentences. Besides this, the blacks might begin to awarded fair
punishments, thus reducing their number in prisons.
Conclusion
· After the abolishment of slavery and slave trade in the United
States, the blacks that they would be viewed in equal terms with
the whites. However, things have not turned out that way, as
blacks find themselves being discriminated, but in an indirect
way (Nelson, 2011). This discrimination has mainly been
experienced in the criminal justice system, whereby there are a
lot of blacks in prisons. This has in turn affected the blacks,
who feel discriminated thus developing resentment towards the
authority. This eventually leads them into crime, thus ending up
in prison.
References
Alexander, M. (2010).The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in
the age of colorblindness. New
York: New Press.
Appelrouth, S., &Edles, L. D. (2008).Classical and
contemporary sociological theory: Text and
readings. Los Angeles, Calif: Pine Forge Press.
Nelson, A. (2011). Body and soul: The Black Panther Party and

5. the fight against medical
discrimination.
· Assignment 5:Multiyear Plans and Analysis
Due Week 10 and worth 200 points
Preparation
· Review the document titled “City of Charlottesville 2010
Annual Comprehensive Plan” located in the course shell.
Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:
· Review the“City of Charlottesville2010 Annual
Comprehensive Plan” and then complete Exercise 1 on page 152
using Exhibits C and D in the Annual Report and Table 9.4 on
page 148.Change the title headers to the agency name. Save the
Excel File as the agency’s name and include the Multiyear Plan.
· Analyze the comparison of ratios.
· Analyze the measures of liquidity.
· Analyze the long-term solvency.
· Analyze asset management rations.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size
12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references
must follow APA. Check with your professor for any additional
instructions.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the
date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in
the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this
assignment are:
· Evaluate a budgeting system at any governmental level.
· Analyze the scope and sequence of budgeting in terms of
sources of revenues, purpose of government expenditures,
budget cycles, budget preparation, and debt administration.
· Examine the key components of developing multiyear plans
and analyses.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in

6. public budgeting and finance.
· Write clearly and concisely about public budgeting and
finance using proper writing mechanics.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality,
logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills,
using the following rubric.
Points: 200
Assignment 5:Multiyear Plans and Analysis
Criteria
UnacceptableBelow 70% F
Fair70-79% C
Proficient80-89% B
Exemplary90-100% A
1. Review the City of Charlottesville 2010 Annual
Comprehensive Plan and then complete Exercise 1 on page 152
using Exhibits C and D in the Annual Report and Table 9.4 on
page 148. Change the title headers to the agency name. Save the
Excel File as the agency’s name and include the Multiyear Plan.
Weight: 30%
Did not submit or incompletely reviewed the City of
Charlottesville 2010 Annual Comprehensive Plan and then did
not submit or incompletely completed Exercise 1 on page 152
using Exhibits C and D in the Annual Report and Table 9.4 on
page 148. Did not submit or incompletely changed the title
headers to the agency name. Did not submit or incompletely
saved the Excel File as the agency’s name and did not submit or
incompletely included the Multiyear Plan.
Partially reviewed the City of Charlottesville 2010 Annual
Comprehensive Plan and then partially completed Exercise 1 on
page 152 using Exhibits C and D in the Annual Report and
Table 9.4 on page 148. Partially changed the title headers to the
agency name. Partially saved the Excel File as the agency’s
name and partially included the Multiyear Plan.

7. Satisfactorily reviewed the City of Charlottesville 2010 Annual
Comprehensive Plan and then satisfactorily completed Exercise
1 on page 152 using Exhibits C and D in the Annual Report and
Table 9.4 on page 148. Satisfactorily changed the title headers
to the agency name. Satisfactorily saved the Excel File as the
agency’s name and satisfactorily included the Multiyear Plan.
Thoroughly reviewed the City of Charlottesville 2010 Annual
Comprehensive Plan and then thoroughly completed Exercise 1
on page 152 using Exhibits C and D in the Annual Report and
Table 9.4 on page 148. Thoroughly changed the title headers to
the agency name. Thoroughly saved the Excel File as the
agency’s name and thoroughly included the Multiyear Plan.
2. Analyze the comparison of ratios.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit or incompletely analyzed the comparison of
ratios.
Partially analyzed the comparison of ratios.
Satisfactorily analyzed the comparison of ratios.
Thoroughly analyzed the comparison of ratios.
3. Analyze the measures of liquidity.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit or incompletely analyzed the measures of
liquidity.
Partially analyzed the measures of liquidity.
Satisfactorily analyzed the measures of liquidity.
Thoroughly analyzed the measures of liquidity.
4. Analyze the long-term solvency.
Weight:15%
Did not submit or incompletely analyzed the long-term
solvency.
Partially analyzed the long-term solvency.
Satisfactorily analyzed the long-term solvency.
Thoroughly analyzed the long-term solvency.
5. Analyze asset management rations.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit or incompletely analyzed asset management

8. rations.
Partially analyzed asset management rations.
Satisfactorily analyzed asset management rations.
Thoroughly analyzed asset management rations.
6. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirements
Weight: 10%
More than 6 errors present
5-6 errors present
3-4 errors present
0-2 errors present