Running Head: OBJECTIVE REPORT Objective Report on Food Wastage Over 1800 years ago, a proverb from a Chinese wise man specified that “food is a basic requirement to man” (Kevin et al. 3). Years later, providing adequate food to feed the growing global population of over 7.5 billion people remains a major challenge. The current statistics reveal that one in eight people lack adequate food to promote a healthy life (Kevil et al. 5). This problem is expected to worsen as the world’s population approaches 10 billion by 2050. Thus, alongside the growing food problem are the extensively debated issues of climate change and environmental degradation. According to Kevil et al., food wastage is the leading factor that contributes to greenhouse gases (3). The degradation releases carbon dioxide that is a common environmental concern (Kevil et al. 3). In spite of these problems, most families in America are wasting more food than they consume. Every day, the average food wastage in a typical American family amounts to nearly a pound. There is a growing concern that nearly half of the food bought ends up in the waste. Within a year, this wastage is comparable to tossing over 400 million barrels into trash cans (Cuellar et al. 6461). Annually, there is a loss of nearly 3 percent of the total energy through food wastage. These statistics prove that food wastage is a contentious habit that cannot fade unnoticed in American society. People in this country and across the world are dying due to starvation (Reich & Foley 4). Every dollar counts in today’s volatile global economy and any action that constitutes to wastage should be carefully examined and remedied. After the resolution of this problem, America could end up saving more than 3 % of the total energy every year (Cuellar et al. 6461). Nevertheless, there is a growing concern that despite the growing debate around food wastage, hardly any intervention has been adopted and implemented at the family and community level. Food wastage is a trend that could lead to untenable demand for natural resources. Parfitt et al. project that under the existing trends of food wastage, the global food demand could increase by nearly 80 percent by 2050 (1). Such an outcome is a major cause of concern for the future generations, which will have increased their financial allocation on food while leaving other needs unsatisfied (Parfitt et a 1). Ganders shares this insight by maintaining that the food wastages and loss are costly because it represents a missed opportunity to feed the increasing global population and comes with an unbearable environmental price (4). For years, researchers have underscored the significance of improving the food supply chain efficiency. Among these researchers is Ganders, who has recommended for change in the consumption behavior as a way of reducing the food wastage (3). However, as the global society continues to ignore the recommendations made by environmentalists and economists ...

1. Running Head: OBJECTIVE REPORT
Objective Report on Food Wastage
Over 1800 years ago, a proverb from a Chinese wise man
specified that “food is a basic requirement to man” (Kevin et al.
3). Years later, providing adequate food to feed the growing
global population of over 7.5 billion people remains a major
challenge. The current statistics reveal that one in eight people
lack adequate food to promote a healthy life (Kevil et al. 5).
This problem is expected to worsen as the world’s population
approaches 10 billion by 2050. Thus, alongside the growing
food problem are the extensively debated issues of climate
change and environmental degradation. According to Kevil et
al., food wastage is the leading factor that contributes to
greenhouse gases (3). The degradation releases carbon dioxide
that is a common environmental concern (Kevil et al. 3). In
spite of these problems, most families in America are wasting
more food than they consume.
Every day, the average food wastage in a typical American
family amounts to nearly a pound. There is a growing concern
that nearly half of the food bought ends up in the waste. Within
a year, this wastage is comparable to tossing over 400 million
barrels into trash cans (Cuellar et al. 6461). Annually, there is a
loss of nearly 3 percent of the total energy through food
wastage. These statistics prove that food wastage is a
contentious habit that cannot fade unnoticed in American
society. People in this country and across the world are dying
due to starvation (Reich & Foley 4). Every dollar counts in
today’s volatile global economy and any action that constitutes
to wastage should be carefully examined and remedied. After
the resolution of this problem, America could end up saving
more than 3 % of the total energy every year (Cuellar et al.

2. 6461). Nevertheless, there is a growing concern that despite the
growing debate around food wastage, hardly any intervention
has been adopted and implemented at the family and community
level.
Food wastage is a trend that could lead to untenable demand for
natural resources. Parfitt et al. project that under the existing
trends of food wastage, the global food demand could increase
by nearly 80 percent by 2050 (1). Such an outcome is a major
cause of concern for the future generations, which will have
increased their financial allocation on food while leaving other
needs unsatisfied (Parfitt et a 1). Ganders shares this insight by
maintaining that the food wastages and loss are costly because
it represents a missed opportunity to feed the increasing global
population and comes with an unbearable environmental price
(4). For years, researchers have underscored the significance of
improving the food supply chain efficiency. Among these
researchers is Ganders, who has recommended for change in the
consumption behavior as a way of reducing the food wastage
(3). However, as the global society continues to ignore the
recommendations made by environmentalists and economists,
they continue to plunge the future generation into more
problems.
Reducing the food wastage is a sure way to combat the looming
starvation and sustainably feed America and the global
population. According to Parfitt and colleagues, the food
wastage in the global supply chain have a re-assessment for the
wellbeing of future generations (2). The statistics and research
findings by Cuellar and colleagues accentuate the need to cut
down on the food wastage (6467). Reducing the food wastage is
the best chance for the global society to alleviate food
insecurity through redistribution to the needy families (Munesue
et al. 73). It is encouraging to realize that the efforts to address
and create awareness on food wastage have grown rapidly in the
recent years. More media outlets are critically examining this
issue than before. Activists and volunteers have embarked on
food rescue activities. Different charity organizations have

3. collaborated with the food processors to intensify the campaigns
on food wastage. Parfitt et al. agree that reducing food wastage
is a sure way to prevent an awaiting disaster (2). The
opportunities to avert food wastage exist in the families, retail
sectors, and farms (Parfitt et al. 4). Agreeably, not all the cases
of food loss can be averted bearing in mind perishable nature of
most foods, the cost of collecting, transportation and handling,
the intricacy of some consumer behaviors, and the need to
ensure consumer safety (O'Donnell et al. 35). Nevertheless, a
certain level of food wastage reduction may be attained by
adopting the recommendations highlighted by O'Donnell et al.
(3). The recommended measures include imparting skills or
knowledge to target habits such as ingredient usage, leftover
handling, and storage of perishable food to prevent spoiling.
The nutritional education will prevent overconsumption and
encourage budgeting for the foods bought in a family for certain
duration.
In summation, providing adequate food to feed the growing
global population remains a challenge. The problem is expected
to worsen as the world’s population approaches 10 billion in the
next few decades. In spite of this future uncertainty, most
families in America are wasting more food than they consume.
The paper confirms the growing concern that nearly half of the
food bought ends up in the waste. Such a trend could lead to
untenable demand for natural resources. As the global society
continues to ignore the recommendations made by
environmentalists and economists, they continue to plunge the
future generation into more problems. Certainly, reducing the
food wastage is a sure way to combat the looming starvation
and sustainably feed America and the global population. The
opportunities to avert food wastage exist in the families, retail
sectors, and farms. The recommended measures include
imparting skill or knowledge related habits such as ingredient
usage, leftover handling, and storage of perishable food to
prevent spoiling.
Works Cited

4. Cuellar, Amanda, and Michael E. Webber. "An Updated
Estimate for Energy Use in U.S. Food Production and Policy
Implications." ASME 2010 4th International Conference on
Energy Sustainability,vol. 1, no. 2, 2010, pp. 6460-6499
Gunders, Dana. “How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of
Its Food from Farm to Forkto Landfill.” NRDC, 16 Aug. 2017,
https://www.nrdc.org/resources/wasted-how-america-losing-40-
percent-its-food-farm-fork-landfill. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017.
Kevin, Hall, Juen Guo, Michael Dore, and Carson Show. “The
Progressive Increase of Food Waste in America and Its
Environmental Impact.” Plos.org. 25 Nov. 2009,
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone
.0007940. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017.
Munesue, Yosuke., Toshihiko Masui, and Takesato Fushima.
“The effects of reducing food losses and food waste on global
food insecurity, natural resources, and greenhouse gas
emissions.” Environmental Economics & Policy Studies, vol.
17, no. 1, 2015, pp. 43-77.
O'Donnell, Tom, John Dentsch, and Ron Pepino. “New
Solution
s for Food Loss and Waste Prevention.” Biocycle, vol. 56, no.
11, 2015, pp. 34-38.
Parfitt, Julian, Mark Barthel, and Sarah Macnaughton. “Food
Waste within Food Supply Chains: Quantification and Potential
for Change to 2050.” The Royal Society Publishing, 16 Oct.
2010,
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1554/3065.sh
ort. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017.

5. Reich, Alexandria, and Jonathan Foley. “Food Loss and Waste
in the US: The Science behind the Supply Chain.” Food Policy
Research Center. 3 Apr. 2014,
https://www.foodpolicy.umn.edu/policy-summaries-and-
analyses/food-loss-and-waste-us-science-behind-supply-chain.
Accessed 23 Oct. 2017.
Parfitt Julian, Barthel Mark, and Macnaughton Sarah. “Food
Waste within Food Supply Chains: Quantification and Potential
for Change to 2050.” The Royal Society Publishing, 2010.
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1554/3065.sh
ort>. Accessed 12 October 2017
Kevin, D. Hall, Juen Guo, Michael Dore, and Carson C Show.
“The Progressive Increase of Food Waste in America and Its
Environmental Impact.” Plos.org. 2009.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pon
e.0007940. Accessed
12 October 2017.
summaries-and- analyses/food-loss- and-waste- us-science-
behind-supply- chain Reich, A., Foley, J. (2014, April). Food
Loss and Waste in the US: The Science Behind the Supply
Chain. Retrieved February 18, 2016, from
https://www.foodpolicy.umn.edu/policy

6. Paper Assignment
Length: 6-8 pages, font size = 12-point, double-spaced with 1-
inch margins
Content Requirements:
This paper is an argument paper. In this paper you will take a
position on your topic and will craft an argument for that
position. You need a clear thesis that appears on the first page
and is reasoned, explained, developed and defended throughout
the paper.
Research Requirements:
__ 20 sources total on your bibliography (MLA) or references
(APA) page.
___ At least 5 of the 20 bibliography sources must be academic.

7. __ Of those 20 sources, you must cite (not necessary quote
directly) at least 8 sources; at least 2 of these need to be
academic sources.
___ If you are using MLA, these cited sources should be listed
on a separate “works cited” page.
I will be taking off points for insufficient # of sources (one
point for each missing) and for format errors (one point for each
mistake) in bibliographies, works cited pages, and in-text
citations.
Mechanics requirements:
I will be looking especially for transitions/connections between
sentences, correct documentation of citations, correct use of
commas and apostrophes and concise wording (“trimming the
fat” lesson). Edit your papers. I will be taking off points for
errors.
Organization requirements:

8. The format/organization for the paper: Parts of a Full Argument
In classical rhetoric, arguments were arranged in a fairly
predictable way, in part because speeches were either delivered
unrehearsed, so the orator needed an outline ready to plug
material into, or because speeches were memorized, and thus a
regular pattern made it easier for the rhetor to keep track of the
argument. Patterning was adjusted and rearranged, depending
on the audience, the subject and the occasion. The arrangement
had rhetorical purposes as well; each part built on the others to
increase the persuasiveness of the argument. Classical
rhetoricians used or relied on different parts of argument.
Contemporary rhetors also use these parts, whether they are
aware of it or not. You are required to include all of the parts
that are in bold.
Introduction (Exordium)
The opening of your argument should establish EXIGENCE,
convincing your readers of the importance of the subject, of the
problem that needs to be solved, of the significance of the issue
you are addressing. The introduction also begins your
relationship with your readers, demonstrating your ethos. You
might begin with a striking set of facts, an example, a question,
or even a paradox. One of the most important things to keep in

9. mind is sort of obvious but often forgotten—you are introducing
the topic here. Don’t assume that your readers know the topic
or why it is important.
Narration (Narratio)
Before beginning to argue for a position, you may find it
necessary to give the background or history of the issue. What
happened or is happening that requires resolution or rethinking?
This summary or narration can be done even for audiences
already knowledgeable. Here you remind them of the
information they need to appreciate the issue. You set the
context of the debate to make the readers see your argument
favorably.
Story or Example might be woven into your confirmation
section (see below); it might begin the paper, before the
introduction, or it might follow the narration section.
Sometimes this is part of the narration section. It should be one
representative example, & it needs to be true and documented.
Confirmation (Confirmatio)
This is where you make your argument FOR your thesis (this is
different from arguing against something). Your thesis is your
claim, which must be supported by reasons that then become at
least one paragraph each in the confirmation section. These

10. reasons must be explained & defended (with evidence). Be sure
to make connections between these paragraphs in topic
sentences. Together, this section & the refutation are the
longest parts of your argument, each containing many
paragraphs of converging arguments, each thoroughly
supported.
Refutation (Refutatio)
You don’t make the opposition’s case—you acknowledge their
concerns and argue back.
Pick the major concerns on the other side & address them. The
refutation section weakens support for the arguments opposed to
yours. It can come before or after the confirmation, or the
confirmation and the refutation can be intertwined as you argue
back and forth, as long as you don’t JUST have refutations but
are also making arguments FOR something.
Conclusion (Peroratio)
After many pages, your readers need a summary of where they
have been. This summary is a chance for you to stress your
major points and remind readers of the stake they have in the
debate. But the conclusion should also do something else: You
might suggest where the debate is likely to go next or suggest
actions that your readers can take.