Running Head: NEFERTARI 1
NEFERTARI 3
Question :
I really liked the subject about Nefertari and her tomb, because it is important to understand how archaeological finds are not always safe, once they’ve been excavated. Although it does make me sad to know the tomb is deteriorating, because of flood waters. With that, I think it may be better for them to seal the tomb to prevent any more damage, until they develop a way to stop the flood waters, but since this is a hot spot for tourism, I know that won’t happen. I would hate to see the tomb deteriorate even more, because of its importance in an archaeological perspective, and to Egypt’s culture. I do have a question about the art on the walls, did the article mention anything on what the art depicted? Because on the 9th slide, it mentions the importance of the art as indicators of economic development in Egypt, now is that for modern Egypt, or Ancient Egypt? Because I know the tomb is important for tourism, and I was wondering if the article mentioned anything about the art itself. Other than that great job on your presentation.
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an arc.
the article on the tomb of Nefertari ALYA AL HADDABI.docxrtodd17
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic .
the article on the tomb of Nefertari ALYA AL HADDABI.docxfelicitytaft14745
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic .
Paintings from Ancient Egypt
Paintings from Classical Greek Era
Paintings from the Roman Era
Byzantine Paintings
Romanesque Paintings
Paintings from the Gothic Era
the article on the tomb of Nefertari ALYA AL HADDABI.docxrtodd17
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic .
the article on the tomb of Nefertari ALYA AL HADDABI.docxfelicitytaft14745
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic .
Paintings from Ancient Egypt
Paintings from Classical Greek Era
Paintings from the Roman Era
Byzantine Paintings
Romanesque Paintings
Paintings from the Gothic Era
The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987Author(.docxadkinspaige22
The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
Author(s): K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Source: Studies in Conservation, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Nov., 1989), pp. 153-170
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the International Institute for
Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283
Accessed: 14-05-2020 10:00 UTC
REFERENCES
Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Taylor & Francis, Ltd., International Institute for Conservation of Historic and
Artistic Works are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Studies in Conservation
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.10 on Thu, 14 May 2020 10:00:04 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
THE STABILITY OF THE TOMB OF NEFERTARI 1904-1987
K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Abstract-The conservation of the tomb of Nefertari
(No. 66, Valley of the Queens, Egypt) has attracted
international concern for many years. However, pre-
vious assessments of the stability of this complex
physicochemical system have been neither compre-
hensive in content nor unanimous in conclusions.
Here, using available photographic and diagrammatic
documentation from 1904, 1921, 1942, 1971 and 1987,
these assessments are examined and mechanisms of
deterioration are explored. It has been found that
although some paint and plaster loss had occurred in
the tomb of Nefertari prior to its discovery in 1904,
additional large losses appeared between 1904 and
1971. Degradation in the upper tomb levels is less
extensive than in the lower tomb levels. In the tomb as
a whole, loss of large areas of both paint and plaster
strata has slowed at least since 1971 and probably
earlier. However, paint layer deterioration in the form
of flaking has been continuous even when the tomb
was closed. The pattern and physical characteristics of
loss have shown that there are five interacting factors
which underlie the deterioration of the tomb of
Nefertari. Two intermittent but catastrophic factors
operate over a short period of time: direct entry of
flood-waters and the capillary absorption of trapped
flood-waters into the tomb walls. Flood-waters cause
immediate mechanical losses and absorbed waters
induce morphological changes in the wall paintings.
Absorbed waters con.
The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987Author(.docxhoney690131
The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
Author(s): K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Source: Studies in Conservation, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Nov., 1989), pp. 153-170
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the International Institute for
Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283
Accessed: 14-05-2020 10:00 UTC
REFERENCES
Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Taylor & Francis, Ltd., International Institute for Conservation of Historic and
Artistic Works are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Studies in Conservation
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.10 on Thu, 14 May 2020 10:00:04 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
THE STABILITY OF THE TOMB OF NEFERTARI 1904-1987
K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Abstract-The conservation of the tomb of Nefertari
(No. 66, Valley of the Queens, Egypt) has attracted
international concern for many years. However, pre-
vious assessments of the stability of this complex
physicochemical system have been neither compre-
hensive in content nor unanimous in conclusions.
Here, using available photographic and diagrammatic
documentation from 1904, 1921, 1942, 1971 and 1987,
these assessments are examined and mechanisms of
deterioration are explored. It has been found that
although some paint and plaster loss had occurred in
the tomb of Nefertari prior to its discovery in 1904,
additional large losses appeared between 1904 and
1971. Degradation in the upper tomb levels is less
extensive than in the lower tomb levels. In the tomb as
a whole, loss of large areas of both paint and plaster
strata has slowed at least since 1971 and probably
earlier. However, paint layer deterioration in the form
of flaking has been continuous even when the tomb
was closed. The pattern and physical characteristics of
loss have shown that there are five interacting factors
which underlie the deterioration of the tomb of
Nefertari. Two intermittent but catastrophic factors
operate over a short period of time: direct entry of
flood-waters and the capillary absorption of trapped
flood-waters into the tomb walls. Flood-waters cause
immediate mechanical losses and absorbed waters
induce morphological changes in the wall paintings.
Absorbed waters con ...
INTRODUCING THE WESTERN AND CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS Grade-9-LLM-2-ARTS.pptSaint Joseph College
INTRODUCING THE WESTERN AND CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS
Content Standards:
• The learner uses art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills
• The learner understands arts as integral to the development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific discoveries, natural disasters/ occurrences
Performance Standards:
• The learner perform / participate competently in a presentation of a creative impression (verbal/nonverbal) of a particular artistic period
• The learner recognize the difference and uniqueness of the art styles of the different periods (techniques, process, elements, and principles of art)
William EvansPost University Art History IA Trip t.docxambersalomon88660
William EvansPost University Art History I
A Trip to the Metropolitan Museum
The visit is blood-curdling and gives a fantastic experience
Metropolitan Museum of Art can easily fit among the famous legendary European museums
The museum is iconic Beaux-Arts façade
Visiting Metropolitan Museum of Art has left me recalling of that blood-curdling and fantastic experience. Being one of the world’s premier cultural institutions and houses, it significantly encompasses nearly everything from the ancient classics to the modern masters. With its iconic Beaux-Arts façade, Metropolitan Museum of Art can easily fit among the famous legendary European museums. Although it is distinctly American and New York experience, it is a melting pot of the spectacular art and the artifacts from across time and the world. Interestingly, the museum is fondly referred to as the Met and visitors can travel from as far as Paleolithic Egypt to the Neolithic Near East to experience their culture in the form of artifacts in the museum.
What I realized is that Met features a comprehensive collection of calligraphy, art and even ritual objects from Nepal, China, and Tibet. I was further fascinated by the artifact of Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus and ignited my curiosity, and I immediately yearned to know its origin and history of this magnificent artifact (Baetjer, 1999).
*
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a significant marble of Early Christian Sarcophagus
used for the burial of Junius Bassus
the sarcophagus was placed in the Old St. Peter’s Basilica inside the Vatican
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a significant marble of Early Christian Sarcophagus that was used for the burial of Junius Bassus, who is known to have died in 359. Importantly, it has then been described as the single most famous piece of early Christian relief sculpture. Originally, the sarcophagus was placed in the Old St. Peter’s Basilica inside the Vatican. Moreover, is one of the oldest surviving high-status sarcophagi with clear and elaborate carvings of Christian themes with complicated iconographic plans that embrace both the old and new testaments.
*
Junius Bassus
Junius Bassus was a significant figure and a senator
headed the government capital as the Praefectus Urbi
Bassus converted to Christianity shortly at the verge of his death
Junius Bassus was a significant figure and a senator who was the head of the government capital as the Praefectus Urbi at the time of his death in 359 when he was 42 years. Just as the artifact of sarcophagus depicts, Bassus converted to Christianity shortly at the verge of his death (Stokstad, 2010).
*
Style and art of sarcophagus
the workmanship and cooperation were of the highest quality
the sculpture shows fewer features of the late antique style of sculpture
the sculpture ignores practically all the rules obeyed by official artifacts
reflects a blending of the late Hellenic style with the contemporary Roman and Ital.
Running head Multi-actor modelling system 1Multi-actor mod.docxglendar3
Running head: Multi-actor modelling system 1
Multi-actor modelling system3
Multi-actor modelling system
Yogesh Dagwale
University of the Cumberland’s
Ligtenberg, A., Wachowicz, M., Bregt, A. K., Beulens, A., & Kettenis, D. L. (2004). A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning. Journal of environmental management, 72(1-2), 43-55.
They talk about the potential and restrictions of the MAS to manufacture models that empower spatial organizers to incorporate the 'actor factor' in their examination. Their structure system contemplates actors who assume a functioning job in the spatial planning. They included actors who can watch and see a spatial domain. Using these perceptions and discernment they produce an inclination for a preferred spatial situation. Actors at that point present and discuss their inclinations amid their exchanges with different actors.
The inclinations of the actor fill in as inputs for an official choice making. Finally, ultimate conclusions are actualized in the spatial framework. They found that MAS can produce space utilization designs in light of a portrayal of a multi-actor planning process. It additionally can clear up the impacts of actors under the administration of various planning styles on the space utilization and prove how the relations between actors change amid a planning process and under different orders of coming up with decisions. Unlike the work by Parker, Manson, Janssen, Hoffman & Deadman,2003, cited below, this paper did not include the various challenges associated with the use of MAS.
Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., & Deadman, P. (2003). Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review. Annals of the association of American Geographers, 93(2), 314-337.
In this paper, they studied different models. These models, however, were not thorough enough and therefore they took into account the multi-actor system, dynamic spatial Simulation, which has two components, that is, a cellular model that speaks to biogeophysical and biological parts of a demonstrated framework and an actor-based model to speak to human conclusion making. Because of its nature and ability to model complex situations, they highlighted some of the areas that MAS can be applied where other models cannot be able to deliver. Such areas are modeling of emergent phenomena whereby MAS can model landscape plans, due to its flexibility, MAS can represent complex land use/ cover systems, and they can be used to model dynamic paths. They also outlined the various challenges to Multi-actor systems. Such challenges include an understanding of complexity, individual decision making, empirical parameterization and model validation, and communication.
Faber, N. R., & Jorna, R. J. (2011, June). The use of multi-actor systems for studying social sustainability: Theoretical backgrounds and pseudo-specifications. In Com.
Running head: MY MOTHER MY HERO 1
MY MOTHER MY HERO 4
My Mother My hero
Institution Affiliation
Students’ Name
Date of Submission
My Mother My hero
Once I think of a hero, there are specific qualities that surround my imagination, being courageous, hardworking, truthful, strong, resilient, and generous have been the qualities I taught about. I also think a hero is someone protective, caring, and so concerned to change the life of the others and make them happy in their life. My Mother has all these qualities and recognizes her as my hero. Otherwise, she grew up on the support of two great parents who had a good life where she grew up and become a teacher in her life. Almost every individual has had some achievements in their life, and there must be a factor behind those achievements, especially someone who had a significant impact on their life. My mother appears to be my hero, who had a substantial impact on my life.
She is currently 54 years old. She was a teacher by profession, and she did her best as a teacher, where she influenced the lives of many students positively; up to now, some still call her and pass their appreciation to her. She was blessed and gave birth to seven kids; the first three are daughters, then a boy and a girl, and then the last two are boys. All of them have been significantly raised, everyone has something to do for a living, my big brother is a doctor, and three of my sisters are teachers, (like Mother like daughters). Our last born is an engineer interior designer and all of us are married with happy family. All these were not for granted but because of the love of God and the efforts, commitment, and great concern of our beloved parents, especially our Mother.
Even though she did not make a complete journey in her teaching profession, but up to where she stopped, she did a lot. They have been in a relationship with my father for thirty-six years of marriage, and when they had their third kid, my dad suggested that she stop teaching and remain at home to take care of the children. Throughout my entire life, my Mother had been supportive of me, a center of inspiration, and she has always been telling me to have self-confidence and believe in myself that I can make it. In case I face a problem, and I have to make a concrete decision towards it, my Mother always had behind me because I seek for her consultation before I move on to the next step.
It feels so great knowing that there is someone who will support you despite the intensity of the problem you face. It relieves much of the stress that comes along with making decisions. My Mother is beautiful inside and out, but most importantly, she has the biggest heart. She's a hard-working person and can play both parent roles. Everyon.
Running head PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN1PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN.docxglendar3
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 10
Program Evaluation Plan
Name:
Tanisha Hannah
Institution:
Strayer University
Professor:
Dr. Jacob
Course:
Edu 571
Date:
March 2, 2020
Program Evaluation Plan (Part 3)
Goals of Evaluation
Evaluation refers to the act of checking various things thoroughly in order to characterize their worth or value, with reference to a certain context. In the field of education, the amount of success in a person’s aims can only be determined through evaluation. Therefore, there is a very close relationship between various aims and evaluation. The main goals of evaluation in schools are as discussed below. The first goal of evaluation in the field of education is to create an educational program ("Evaluation in Teaching and Learning Process | Education", 2020). Through evaluation, evaluators and the school management can build a given program of learning among the students. This is after gathering and checking various factors in order to find what program will fit and make a positive impact in the school. This involves consulting all the stakeholders of the program and developing strategies that will ensure the development of a good program.
The second goal of evaluation is assessing the effectiveness of the program. Evaluation ensures that the developed program is up to standards and serves the purpose that it was intended to. It helps the evaluators to check if the teaching strategies and techniques are being applied properly. The third goal of evaluation is to ensure improvement of the program. Through evaluation, evaluators can gauge the impact of the program on the school and learners. They can also identify various things that can make the program more effective. It acts as an in-built monitor in the program in order to review the progress of the program from time to time. It also gives feedback regarding the design and the implementation of a given program. Through such assessments, the school management can know where to work on, and what they need in order to enhance effective programs in teaching and learning.
For instance, in our case, evaluators can comfortably tell whether or not the program is helping girls become more superior in math. If not they can suggest better or other strategies that will make positive impact.
Cultural Issues Affecting the Program
Culture can influence how different people view things. An individual’s culture and upbringing can affect their way of processing information. Among the cultural issues that might be faced in the evaluation plan include cultural stereotypes. Some students believe that they cannot perform as expected in school or in a particular subject due to lack of preparation from their home environment. This makes them believe they do not have enough potential to do well in a given subject when they get to school. For instance, some students may not have calculat.
Running head Project 21Project 22Projec.docxglendar3
Running head: Project 2 1
Project 2 2
Project 2: Historical Context and Introduction
Your Name
Southern New Hampshire University
Research Plan
Research Question: [Revised research question from Topic Exploration Worksheet.]
Introduction
[Three- to five-sentence discussion of background information about your historical event to capture the interest of your audience.] [Two- to three-sentence thesis statement based on your research question that addresses your historical event and explains how your event has been influenced by historical context.] [Two- to three-sentence explanation of how you will use the primary and secondary sources you listed in the Research Plan in your hypothetical research paper.]
Historical Context: [Three- to five-sentence explanation of your event’s historical context, citing sources one and two.]
Impact of Historical Context: [Three- to five-sentence discussion of how historical context impacted your event, citing sources one and two.]
Resources
HIS 100 Project 2: Historical Context and Introduction Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
“If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.”
—Pearl Buck
Your second project in this course is to complete a historical context and introduction project. The work you did on the Topic Exploration Worksheet in Theme 1
will directly support your work on this project as well as your third longer term project—the multimedia presentation—due in Theme 4.
One of the prime benefits of studying history is that it allows us to learn about who we are and where we came from. The people and events of the past can
often shed light on the conditions and social norms of the present. Having historical awareness can inform various aspects of your life as well as future
aspirations. Learning from past failures and successes can shape ideals and values for years to come.
This is your second longer-term project designed to help you understand the fundamental processes and value of studying history. In the first project, you
completed the Topic Exploration Worksheet on one of the topics or themes from the library guide. You investigated the types of research you might need to do
to learn more about the topic and developed research questions. In Project 2, you will use your completed Topic Exploration Worksheet to explore the
historical context and develop an introduction. You will choose one of your research questions and do some secondary source research, speculate on primary
source needs, and use the information to write the introduction and thesis statement for a possible research paper. (You will not write the entire paper—
only the introduction.) In the third project, you will create a multimedia presentation that explores both major developments in historical inquiry and the value
of examining history.
This research plan and introduction assignment will assess the following course outcome, which you focused on throughou.
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The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987Author(.docxadkinspaige22
The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
Author(s): K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Source: Studies in Conservation, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Nov., 1989), pp. 153-170
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the International Institute for
Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283
Accessed: 14-05-2020 10:00 UTC
REFERENCES
Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Taylor & Francis, Ltd., International Institute for Conservation of Historic and
Artistic Works are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Studies in Conservation
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.10 on Thu, 14 May 2020 10:00:04 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
THE STABILITY OF THE TOMB OF NEFERTARI 1904-1987
K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Abstract-The conservation of the tomb of Nefertari
(No. 66, Valley of the Queens, Egypt) has attracted
international concern for many years. However, pre-
vious assessments of the stability of this complex
physicochemical system have been neither compre-
hensive in content nor unanimous in conclusions.
Here, using available photographic and diagrammatic
documentation from 1904, 1921, 1942, 1971 and 1987,
these assessments are examined and mechanisms of
deterioration are explored. It has been found that
although some paint and plaster loss had occurred in
the tomb of Nefertari prior to its discovery in 1904,
additional large losses appeared between 1904 and
1971. Degradation in the upper tomb levels is less
extensive than in the lower tomb levels. In the tomb as
a whole, loss of large areas of both paint and plaster
strata has slowed at least since 1971 and probably
earlier. However, paint layer deterioration in the form
of flaking has been continuous even when the tomb
was closed. The pattern and physical characteristics of
loss have shown that there are five interacting factors
which underlie the deterioration of the tomb of
Nefertari. Two intermittent but catastrophic factors
operate over a short period of time: direct entry of
flood-waters and the capillary absorption of trapped
flood-waters into the tomb walls. Flood-waters cause
immediate mechanical losses and absorbed waters
induce morphological changes in the wall paintings.
Absorbed waters con.
The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987Author(.docxhoney690131
The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
Author(s): K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Source: Studies in Conservation, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Nov., 1989), pp. 153-170
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the International Institute for
Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283
Accessed: 14-05-2020 10:00 UTC
REFERENCES
Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
Taylor & Francis, Ltd., International Institute for Conservation of Historic and
Artistic Works are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
Studies in Conservation
This content downloaded from 131.252.96.10 on Thu, 14 May 2020 10:00:04 UTC
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
THE STABILITY OF THE TOMB OF NEFERTARI 1904-1987
K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Abstract-The conservation of the tomb of Nefertari
(No. 66, Valley of the Queens, Egypt) has attracted
international concern for many years. However, pre-
vious assessments of the stability of this complex
physicochemical system have been neither compre-
hensive in content nor unanimous in conclusions.
Here, using available photographic and diagrammatic
documentation from 1904, 1921, 1942, 1971 and 1987,
these assessments are examined and mechanisms of
deterioration are explored. It has been found that
although some paint and plaster loss had occurred in
the tomb of Nefertari prior to its discovery in 1904,
additional large losses appeared between 1904 and
1971. Degradation in the upper tomb levels is less
extensive than in the lower tomb levels. In the tomb as
a whole, loss of large areas of both paint and plaster
strata has slowed at least since 1971 and probably
earlier. However, paint layer deterioration in the form
of flaking has been continuous even when the tomb
was closed. The pattern and physical characteristics of
loss have shown that there are five interacting factors
which underlie the deterioration of the tomb of
Nefertari. Two intermittent but catastrophic factors
operate over a short period of time: direct entry of
flood-waters and the capillary absorption of trapped
flood-waters into the tomb walls. Flood-waters cause
immediate mechanical losses and absorbed waters
induce morphological changes in the wall paintings.
Absorbed waters con ...
INTRODUCING THE WESTERN AND CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS Grade-9-LLM-2-ARTS.pptSaint Joseph College
INTRODUCING THE WESTERN AND CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS
Content Standards:
• The learner uses art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills
• The learner understands arts as integral to the development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific discoveries, natural disasters/ occurrences
Performance Standards:
• The learner perform / participate competently in a presentation of a creative impression (verbal/nonverbal) of a particular artistic period
• The learner recognize the difference and uniqueness of the art styles of the different periods (techniques, process, elements, and principles of art)
William EvansPost University Art History IA Trip t.docxambersalomon88660
William EvansPost University Art History I
A Trip to the Metropolitan Museum
The visit is blood-curdling and gives a fantastic experience
Metropolitan Museum of Art can easily fit among the famous legendary European museums
The museum is iconic Beaux-Arts façade
Visiting Metropolitan Museum of Art has left me recalling of that blood-curdling and fantastic experience. Being one of the world’s premier cultural institutions and houses, it significantly encompasses nearly everything from the ancient classics to the modern masters. With its iconic Beaux-Arts façade, Metropolitan Museum of Art can easily fit among the famous legendary European museums. Although it is distinctly American and New York experience, it is a melting pot of the spectacular art and the artifacts from across time and the world. Interestingly, the museum is fondly referred to as the Met and visitors can travel from as far as Paleolithic Egypt to the Neolithic Near East to experience their culture in the form of artifacts in the museum.
What I realized is that Met features a comprehensive collection of calligraphy, art and even ritual objects from Nepal, China, and Tibet. I was further fascinated by the artifact of Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus and ignited my curiosity, and I immediately yearned to know its origin and history of this magnificent artifact (Baetjer, 1999).
*
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a significant marble of Early Christian Sarcophagus
used for the burial of Junius Bassus
the sarcophagus was placed in the Old St. Peter’s Basilica inside the Vatican
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a significant marble of Early Christian Sarcophagus that was used for the burial of Junius Bassus, who is known to have died in 359. Importantly, it has then been described as the single most famous piece of early Christian relief sculpture. Originally, the sarcophagus was placed in the Old St. Peter’s Basilica inside the Vatican. Moreover, is one of the oldest surviving high-status sarcophagi with clear and elaborate carvings of Christian themes with complicated iconographic plans that embrace both the old and new testaments.
*
Junius Bassus
Junius Bassus was a significant figure and a senator
headed the government capital as the Praefectus Urbi
Bassus converted to Christianity shortly at the verge of his death
Junius Bassus was a significant figure and a senator who was the head of the government capital as the Praefectus Urbi at the time of his death in 359 when he was 42 years. Just as the artifact of sarcophagus depicts, Bassus converted to Christianity shortly at the verge of his death (Stokstad, 2010).
*
Style and art of sarcophagus
the workmanship and cooperation were of the highest quality
the sculpture shows fewer features of the late antique style of sculpture
the sculpture ignores practically all the rules obeyed by official artifacts
reflects a blending of the late Hellenic style with the contemporary Roman and Ital.
Running head Multi-actor modelling system 1Multi-actor mod.docxglendar3
Running head: Multi-actor modelling system 1
Multi-actor modelling system3
Multi-actor modelling system
Yogesh Dagwale
University of the Cumberland’s
Ligtenberg, A., Wachowicz, M., Bregt, A. K., Beulens, A., & Kettenis, D. L. (2004). A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning. Journal of environmental management, 72(1-2), 43-55.
They talk about the potential and restrictions of the MAS to manufacture models that empower spatial organizers to incorporate the 'actor factor' in their examination. Their structure system contemplates actors who assume a functioning job in the spatial planning. They included actors who can watch and see a spatial domain. Using these perceptions and discernment they produce an inclination for a preferred spatial situation. Actors at that point present and discuss their inclinations amid their exchanges with different actors.
The inclinations of the actor fill in as inputs for an official choice making. Finally, ultimate conclusions are actualized in the spatial framework. They found that MAS can produce space utilization designs in light of a portrayal of a multi-actor planning process. It additionally can clear up the impacts of actors under the administration of various planning styles on the space utilization and prove how the relations between actors change amid a planning process and under different orders of coming up with decisions. Unlike the work by Parker, Manson, Janssen, Hoffman & Deadman,2003, cited below, this paper did not include the various challenges associated with the use of MAS.
Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., & Deadman, P. (2003). Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review. Annals of the association of American Geographers, 93(2), 314-337.
In this paper, they studied different models. These models, however, were not thorough enough and therefore they took into account the multi-actor system, dynamic spatial Simulation, which has two components, that is, a cellular model that speaks to biogeophysical and biological parts of a demonstrated framework and an actor-based model to speak to human conclusion making. Because of its nature and ability to model complex situations, they highlighted some of the areas that MAS can be applied where other models cannot be able to deliver. Such areas are modeling of emergent phenomena whereby MAS can model landscape plans, due to its flexibility, MAS can represent complex land use/ cover systems, and they can be used to model dynamic paths. They also outlined the various challenges to Multi-actor systems. Such challenges include an understanding of complexity, individual decision making, empirical parameterization and model validation, and communication.
Faber, N. R., & Jorna, R. J. (2011, June). The use of multi-actor systems for studying social sustainability: Theoretical backgrounds and pseudo-specifications. In Com.
Running head: MY MOTHER MY HERO 1
MY MOTHER MY HERO 4
My Mother My hero
Institution Affiliation
Students’ Name
Date of Submission
My Mother My hero
Once I think of a hero, there are specific qualities that surround my imagination, being courageous, hardworking, truthful, strong, resilient, and generous have been the qualities I taught about. I also think a hero is someone protective, caring, and so concerned to change the life of the others and make them happy in their life. My Mother has all these qualities and recognizes her as my hero. Otherwise, she grew up on the support of two great parents who had a good life where she grew up and become a teacher in her life. Almost every individual has had some achievements in their life, and there must be a factor behind those achievements, especially someone who had a significant impact on their life. My mother appears to be my hero, who had a substantial impact on my life.
She is currently 54 years old. She was a teacher by profession, and she did her best as a teacher, where she influenced the lives of many students positively; up to now, some still call her and pass their appreciation to her. She was blessed and gave birth to seven kids; the first three are daughters, then a boy and a girl, and then the last two are boys. All of them have been significantly raised, everyone has something to do for a living, my big brother is a doctor, and three of my sisters are teachers, (like Mother like daughters). Our last born is an engineer interior designer and all of us are married with happy family. All these were not for granted but because of the love of God and the efforts, commitment, and great concern of our beloved parents, especially our Mother.
Even though she did not make a complete journey in her teaching profession, but up to where she stopped, she did a lot. They have been in a relationship with my father for thirty-six years of marriage, and when they had their third kid, my dad suggested that she stop teaching and remain at home to take care of the children. Throughout my entire life, my Mother had been supportive of me, a center of inspiration, and she has always been telling me to have self-confidence and believe in myself that I can make it. In case I face a problem, and I have to make a concrete decision towards it, my Mother always had behind me because I seek for her consultation before I move on to the next step.
It feels so great knowing that there is someone who will support you despite the intensity of the problem you face. It relieves much of the stress that comes along with making decisions. My Mother is beautiful inside and out, but most importantly, she has the biggest heart. She's a hard-working person and can play both parent roles. Everyon.
Running head PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN1PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN.docxglendar3
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 10
Program Evaluation Plan
Name:
Tanisha Hannah
Institution:
Strayer University
Professor:
Dr. Jacob
Course:
Edu 571
Date:
March 2, 2020
Program Evaluation Plan (Part 3)
Goals of Evaluation
Evaluation refers to the act of checking various things thoroughly in order to characterize their worth or value, with reference to a certain context. In the field of education, the amount of success in a person’s aims can only be determined through evaluation. Therefore, there is a very close relationship between various aims and evaluation. The main goals of evaluation in schools are as discussed below. The first goal of evaluation in the field of education is to create an educational program ("Evaluation in Teaching and Learning Process | Education", 2020). Through evaluation, evaluators and the school management can build a given program of learning among the students. This is after gathering and checking various factors in order to find what program will fit and make a positive impact in the school. This involves consulting all the stakeholders of the program and developing strategies that will ensure the development of a good program.
The second goal of evaluation is assessing the effectiveness of the program. Evaluation ensures that the developed program is up to standards and serves the purpose that it was intended to. It helps the evaluators to check if the teaching strategies and techniques are being applied properly. The third goal of evaluation is to ensure improvement of the program. Through evaluation, evaluators can gauge the impact of the program on the school and learners. They can also identify various things that can make the program more effective. It acts as an in-built monitor in the program in order to review the progress of the program from time to time. It also gives feedback regarding the design and the implementation of a given program. Through such assessments, the school management can know where to work on, and what they need in order to enhance effective programs in teaching and learning.
For instance, in our case, evaluators can comfortably tell whether or not the program is helping girls become more superior in math. If not they can suggest better or other strategies that will make positive impact.
Cultural Issues Affecting the Program
Culture can influence how different people view things. An individual’s culture and upbringing can affect their way of processing information. Among the cultural issues that might be faced in the evaluation plan include cultural stereotypes. Some students believe that they cannot perform as expected in school or in a particular subject due to lack of preparation from their home environment. This makes them believe they do not have enough potential to do well in a given subject when they get to school. For instance, some students may not have calculat.
Running head Project 21Project 22Projec.docxglendar3
Running head: Project 2 1
Project 2 2
Project 2: Historical Context and Introduction
Your Name
Southern New Hampshire University
Research Plan
Research Question: [Revised research question from Topic Exploration Worksheet.]
Introduction
[Three- to five-sentence discussion of background information about your historical event to capture the interest of your audience.] [Two- to three-sentence thesis statement based on your research question that addresses your historical event and explains how your event has been influenced by historical context.] [Two- to three-sentence explanation of how you will use the primary and secondary sources you listed in the Research Plan in your hypothetical research paper.]
Historical Context: [Three- to five-sentence explanation of your event’s historical context, citing sources one and two.]
Impact of Historical Context: [Three- to five-sentence discussion of how historical context impacted your event, citing sources one and two.]
Resources
HIS 100 Project 2: Historical Context and Introduction Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
“If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.”
—Pearl Buck
Your second project in this course is to complete a historical context and introduction project. The work you did on the Topic Exploration Worksheet in Theme 1
will directly support your work on this project as well as your third longer term project—the multimedia presentation—due in Theme 4.
One of the prime benefits of studying history is that it allows us to learn about who we are and where we came from. The people and events of the past can
often shed light on the conditions and social norms of the present. Having historical awareness can inform various aspects of your life as well as future
aspirations. Learning from past failures and successes can shape ideals and values for years to come.
This is your second longer-term project designed to help you understand the fundamental processes and value of studying history. In the first project, you
completed the Topic Exploration Worksheet on one of the topics or themes from the library guide. You investigated the types of research you might need to do
to learn more about the topic and developed research questions. In Project 2, you will use your completed Topic Exploration Worksheet to explore the
historical context and develop an introduction. You will choose one of your research questions and do some secondary source research, speculate on primary
source needs, and use the information to write the introduction and thesis statement for a possible research paper. (You will not write the entire paper—
only the introduction.) In the third project, you will create a multimedia presentation that explores both major developments in historical inquiry and the value
of examining history.
This research plan and introduction assignment will assess the following course outcome, which you focused on throughou.
Running head: MILESTONE ONE 2
2
Milestone One Final Project
John Doe
Southern New Hampshire University
I. Executive Summary
In this section, you should accurately highlight the essential elements of the intelligence report for quick reference by the agency receiving the report. You should include the name of referring agent (your name), the name of the agency that you are imagining you work for, the current date, dates of the activities being covered in the intelligence report, and a brief summary (two to three sentences) on the adversary, scope, and nature of the potential threat. Although this is the opening section of the report, you may wish to complete it last in order to accurately capture the analysis of the body of your report. (This section is the summary so be sure this section is brief. Additional relevant details should be written in their respective sections of the report.)
II. Adversary, Motivation, and Jurisdiction
Summary
Accurately summarize the intelligence collected from the SARs to date, focusing on the “who, what, when, where, why, and how” of the threat situation. Information should be annotated with dates and times from relevant SARs, and information from each date should be provided in a separate paragraph, from inception to most recent. Your summary should focus on connecting the dots, with as much detail as needed to present all the relevant intelligence. It should highlight information that would be of particular relevance for the law enforcement agency doing follow-up in understanding the potential threat. (If it makes it easier, you can format your first section as follows:
A. Who
B. What
C. When
D. Where
E. Why
F. How
Adversary
Determine who the adversary is for this potential threat. It may be an individual or a group. You should identify the names of suspects (if known) and also the type of adversary. For example, is the adversary an international terrorist group, a domestic terrorist group, an organized crime, a local or international gang, drug traffickers, an extremist or militia group, a hacker, or a white-collar criminal? Support your answer using relevant information from the SARs.
Range
Analyze the range of the adversary’s operations. Are their activities focused within one city or state or across multiple states? Support your answer with relevant information from the SARs.
Motivation
Analyze what is known about the adversary’s motivation and how that might affect their choice of target (individual or location). Might it affect whether they choose one target or many, the type of target they select, or the location of the attack? Support your answer with relevant information from the SARs.
Jurisdiction
Based on your analyses in Parts A–C above, determine which agency has jurisdiction in following up on the potential threat. For example, should local or state law enforcement follow up? Should federa.
Running Head PROJECT 31DISCUSSION5Project 3.docxglendar3
Running Head: PROJECT 3 1
DISCUSSION 5
Project 3
Problem statement:
The specific problem to be addressed is how McDonald's is going to deal with a decrease in demand in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic. The general problem to be addressed is how fast-food chains and food outlets are changing their operations during the pandemic of Corona Virus in the world, especially in the United States (Daniel, 2016).
You must always list your general problem statement first. Provide context for that statement. Then present your specific problem statement and provide context for that statement. Per the assignment instructions you should list your research questions following your problem statements.
The method selected for research:
To conduct research on the above-stated problem stated, the right methodThe research method that will be adopted in conducting the proposed research will be the mixed method approach a combination approach withwhich includes both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A quantitative approach will help understand the insights into what is triggering a certain behavior in participants. While on the other hand, quantitative study is important to figure out the proportion of customers who is are not availing their previous interest in fast food and epically McDonald's (Apuke, 2017). But dueDue to the lockdown and social distancing, going in the market and conducting research is out of option. The suitable technique is to develop a flexible approach where both primary and secondary sources are sued. For secondary resources, the reports by McDonald's' Company and other institutions regarding the change in the food industry will be a suitable option. For primary data collection, developing an online survey is the safest option. For the qualitative study, online interviews can be scheduled. Both structured and unstructured interviews can be planned. Similarly, panel discussion over video calls is also a safe option. Through a mixed approach data for both quantitative and qualitative questions can be gathered (Yoshikawa & Kalil, 2008). Comment by Terrance Woods: What does this mean? Poor word choice. Consider rephrasing Comment by Terrance Woods: Word choice
Per the assignment instructions you were required to “include the justification as to why other methods would not be appropriate”. You failed to do that here.
Research question
Qualitative Research Question:
1. How the fast-food business of McDonald's in the United States is getting affected by the pandemic of COVID-19? Comment by Terrance Woods: I provided you with feedback in your Project 2 submission regarding this research question. My exact feedback was - This questions is not well-articulated. Reword for clarity. You failed to address the feedback received and merely presented the same question in this submission.
Quantitative research question:
2. How many Americans have stopped buying McDonald's because of coronavirus threat in the United States? Comment by.
Running head: PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
Problem statement
Name:
Institution:
Date:
There is a critical need for a good instructional design because it is a multipurpose learning tools that not only serves instructional designers but also learners of all ages. According to Clark (2016), e-learning courses need to be integrated with instructional methods which align with high-quality research.” The implication is that the process of designing instructional designs should involve careful planning, preparing and researching in order to achieve high quality learning outcomes. In this regard, those responsible for designing must identify their strategic purpose as it predetermines the goals, objectives, expected outcomes, and resource allocation of the entire instruction model.
The main approach involves studying the critical elements in the design phases of an instructional model which enhances the learning experience of learners based on evidence-based literature. This is because humans apply appropriate cognitive processes to learn and thus instruction must adopt similar cognitive processing (Clark, 2016).The main purpose is therefore to emphasize the importance of good instructional design in enhancing the quality of education among instructors and learners. The objective involves highlighting the goals of an instructional program, the instructional objectives, relevant instructional materials and design assessment which rationalize the need for a good instructional design with the goal of engaging both learners and instructors. After all, learning is a process that requires the active participation of the learners (Reigeluth, 1987). This research study seeks to identify answers to two questions: a) What are the critical elements that build up a strong foundation for a good instructional design and b) what value do these elements offer to the learners and instructor who are the main consumers of learning instructional designs.
References
Clark, R.C. (2016). E-learning and the science of instruction: proven guideline for consumers and designers of multimedia. Walden University Library.
Regeiluth, C.M. (1987). Instructional Theories in Action: Lessons Illustrating Selected Theories and Models. Walden University Library.
Running head: PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT 6
Need working title
Problem statement
Tangela Jones
Walden University
11/10/18
Need section heading
There is a critical need for a good instructional design because it is a multipurpose learning tools that not only serves instructional designers but also learners of.
Running head MUSIC AND GENDER WOMEN PORTRAYAL IN RAP 1.docxglendar3
Running head: MUSIC AND GENDER: WOMEN PORTRAYAL IN RAP 1
MUSIC AND GENDER: WOMEN PORTRAYAL IN RAP 15
Music and Gender: Women Portrayal in Rap Music
Student’s Name:
Course:
Music and Gender: Women Portrayal in Rap Music
The introduction of rap music in the 1980s was welcomed with a lot positivity. However, this genre of music has on many occasions been considered as being controversial. Rap music has been accused of advancing messages and themes that deal with sexism, violence, gender stereotyping and materialism. Previous studies on rap music have indicated the content found in rap music promotes negative behavior. Moreover, research has shown that rap music videos generally differ in their portrayals of men and women in music videos. Males are often cast in positive light compared to females who are depicted in positions that portray them as a submissive gender to males.
The scope of this research narrows down on rap music produced from the years 2016 to 2018.The songs selected for this research are songs with lyrics that have misogynistic themes on women. Rap songs are observed in normalizing, objectifying, glorifying, victimizing and even exploiting women. Moreover, the rap songs are observed in defaming women through using innuendos and stereotypical language which portray misogynistic and sexist perspectives. The main area of focus for this paper is on the kind of nouns that are used in rap music to refer to the concept of woman and ways in which these nouns depict women. It is critical for this project to investigate the lyrics and its representations, as rap music has in the past years been under criticism for increasingly presenting a negative and controversial image of women in the society. A theological perspective on these issues is undertaken at understanding and criticizing the misogynistic and sexist culture of rap music generally.
Men in rap music have a higher probability of perpetuating violence on women. A review done on the common rap images found out that women were more likely to be dressed in images which portrayed them in provocative ways, especially in videos that had sexual content. Research has suggested that the perpetuation of gender in the media is a theme which has been occurring for eons of time[footnoteRef:1]. Specifically, music and gender and the portrayal of women in rap music has not been extensively studied previously. It is essential to consider the differences of gender in rap music and the portrayal of women in this genre of music. [1: Ronald Weitzer and Charis E Kubrin, “Articles Misogyny in Rap Music A Content Analysis of Prevalence and Meanings,” accessed October 23, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X08327696.]
Although scholars have attempted examining the interactions between rap music and religion, there has been a gap in regard to how artists frame religious messages within their lyrics. However, this lack of sufficient research does not reflect on the continued .
Running head Museum Focus1Museum Focus.docxglendar3
Running head: Museum Focus
1
Museum Focus
4
Museum Focus
Linda Dotson
Walden University
Interdisciplinary Experience: Sustaining Quality of Life in the City
Professor Paige Parker
September 15, 2018
Question 1
Brief introduction of Ohio City
Ohio is a great city named after the Ohio River in the 18th century. The area was disputed by the France and Great Britain. After the dispute, it established its own territories. This territory included the land where west of Pennsylvania in United States and the northwest of the Ohio River. The area covered more than 260,000 square miles (Turner, & Bogue 2010).
The History of Ohio City that has led to construction of Museums.
The area remained as a hunting ground by the Iroquois after the dispute. Later, some American groups began to migrate to the area. Later there was a seven years war between the Europeans, British and France. They all wanted to colonize the area. Unfortunately, the British worn and after the win, they ordered French settlers to leave the area. It is evident that the war brought about the breakdown of ethnicities.
How museum focus has been of great importance to the citizens of the city
The area is known for its landscape, mountains, rivers and minerals. This makes Ohio City to be a great city suitable for great museums. It is evident that, Ohio City creates the best environment for a museum with the theme of History and Natural History to be built. For instance, Miami River is known to be a great river. Many people admire visiting the area just to see the river. This creates the best conditions to build a museum. People within the city can also visit the museum and get to enjoy the benefits of the museums.
How people from outside the city benefit from the construction of the museums.
People outside Ohio City can also visit the museums. These museums will offer the history of the river to its visitors. They will also address an increasing array of issues in the dynamic environment (Edson, 2017).
Question 2
Permanent Exhibition.
Modern museum are designed to have a permanent exhibit, in this case the museum must have enough collections and classification of a field of knowledge for research and for display purposes. This will enlighten the visits about the history of Ohio City. The history stored in this museum will also be of great use to students as they will learn a lot in these museums,
References
Edson, G. (2017). Museum management. In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences(pp. 3185-3198). CRC Press.
Turner, F. J., & Bogue, A. G. (2010). The frontier in American history. Courier Corporation.
If you can do it send confirmation at [email protected]
If you can do it send confirmation at [email protected]
Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Trimester
T2 2018
Unit Code
MN603
Unit Title
Wireless Networks and Security
Assessment
Individual
Type
Assessment
Design and implementation of secure enterprise wireless network
Tit.
Running head: MODULE 3 - SLP 1
MODULE 3 – SLP 2
Module 3 – SLP
Elizabeth Davis
Trident International University
Dr. Sharlene Gozalians
13 May 2019
Module 3 – SLP
In a bid to control the prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans, it is important to examine a number of attributes of culture that can empower a person towards changing a behavior. The factors may be positive, existential, and negative. Existential factors may be not harmful but need to be acknowledged. The importance of a family cannot be ignored especially because of the support they provide to diabetic patients. Family is therefore a positive cultural value which will assist in managing diabetes disease. This paper therefore seeks to address how each of the PEN-3 model’s three factors within the dimension of cultural empowerment applies to the African American group.
It is important to explore by identifying several cultural beliefs and practices that are positive, existential and negative. Positive factors are likely to lead to an improvement by reducing the prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans. Existential factors are existing cultural values and beliefs that may have no harmful health consequences. Cultural practices that may act as barriers in controlling the prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans are the negative factors. Example of these negative practices includes poor nutrition leading to obesity.
Positive Factors
The positive factors which will influence management and control of diabetes among the African Americans include spirituality and family. For example, talking about a family affair with diabetes will make a great impact in controlling diabetes among the African Americans. This is because it will create awareness of how to handle and deal with diabetes. Spirituality will have a positive impact in controlling the prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans. African Americans who have spiritual faith are likely to engage in activities which will reduce the prevalence of the disease.
Existential Factors
Existential factors include faith healing. A belief in faith healing is a factor which is likely to reduction in prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans. Individuals who are religious are likely to visit religious leaders to seek healing and intervention. Many individuals confess that they got healed after being prayed for by the Pastors and other religious leaders. This is attributed to believing in faith healing.
Negative Factors
Consumption of “comfort foods” is common in the diet of the African Americans. These foods contain high fat, sugar, and calorie contents. Example of negative cultural factors includes unhealthy traditional foods. Poor nutrition among the African Americans is more l.
Running Head PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN1PROGRAM EVALUATION.docxglendar3
Running Head: PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 2
PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN
Name:
Tanisha Hannah
Institution:
Strayer University
Class:
EDU 571 Evaluating School Programs
Professor:
Antony Jacob
Date of Submission:
February 19, 2020
Program evaluation plan (part 2)
In order to ensure that the “gender equity for girls in math” education program which applies to master’s level students is efficient in fulfilling the outlaid goals, the goal based approach of evaluation should be applied in evaluating the effectiveness of the program. The major objective of this education program is to empower the girl child and to ensure that there are increase female students taking courses in mathematics at higher education levels (Markovits & Forgasz, 2017). In this case therefore, the evaluators has to establish if the establishment of this program will promote the positivity and capability of girls to take courses in Mathematics and to increasingly love the subject even in the lower classes so as to portray an increased number in the number of girls pursing this course in the masters level.
The goal based approach of evaluation will help the school evaluator to be able to determine how they can ensure that all the institutions are able to empower the girl child and encourage them to increasingly perfect their skills in mathematics in order to see a reflection of changes in the higher education levels (Sarouphim & Chartouny, 2017). This evaluation technique will help the education program creators to determine if the program is efficient in attaining the set objects through checking the outcomes of the implementation of the program over certain period of time.
The gender equality for girls in Math is a program that is anticipated to help the girl children be able to resolve their issues that result from fear and insecurities which cause them to undermine their power and be left behind by the boy child in regard to prosperity in Mathematics (Ganley.et.al, 2018). Therefore, the evaluators will have a role of determining the broader impacts of this approach as well as investigate what greater good is served as a result of this program. This will include identify the consequences that the program will have on other courses which most female students major in and how the male students will be affected by the program. The goals based evaluation method will help establish the objectives which can be added in the program to make it have optimal results to both girls and boys as well as ensure that other courses that are male dominated portray gender equality (Stoehr.et.al, 2017).
The major areas where the evaluators will assess include; the goals of the program, the outcomes of the program as well as the consequences. The main questions concerning these areas will be; what are the objectives of the program? How will the program be able to meet these goals? How do the goals of the program align with the activities involved.
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION 5
Program Evaluation
Student’s Name
Institution
Program Evaluation
Application of Social Cognitive Theory in Information Science and Education
Social cognitive theory first started as a social learning theory by Albert Bandura for application in psychology. Jenkins, Hall, and Raeside (2018) asserted that, regarding the deployment of social cognitive theory in understanding information seeking behavior and use, the social cognitive theory had been used to explore significant areas. Such areas like consumption of social media content, information retrieval skills in the academic field, information retrieval skills at the workplace, information literacy in the educational field and day to day life information seeking. For instance, Kim (2010) used the theory to explore expectation differences in students of different genders when using university library website resources. With regards to knowledge sharing, Jenkins et al. (2018) found that social cognitive theory has been used to explore various fields like blogging and knowledge management systems.
In the field of education, Erlich and Russ-Eft (2011) reviewed the application of social cognitive theory to academic advising for assessment of student learning. Specifically, the researchers applied the social cognitive theory concepts of self-regulated learning as well as self-efficacy for the study. This medium is because these concepts have been successfully applied to education. The idea that learners should be able to recognize, create as well as choose their career plans for successful navigation through their college life contains the elements of self-efficacy concept and self-regulated learning. For instance, Erlich and Russ-Eft (2011) indicated that the confidence in achieving academic plans at a given level could be an indication of a student’s ability to perform academic planning activities at a complex level, which is a demonstration of increased efficacy. Learner’s self-regulated learning skills may help in understanding the learning mechanisms by which a learner acquired the strategies and tactics for performing academic planning activities with independence and sophistication.
Program Timeline
Project Goal
Related Objective
Activity
Duration
To promote awareness about breast cancer prevention
By 2020, increase to 75% proportion of African American women who understand the importance of annual clinical breast exams
Identify the population who underutilize clinical breast exams
January 1, 2020-January 31, 2020
Develop a media campaign to educate African American women about the benefits of early breast cancer detection
February 1,2020-March 30, 2020
Train faith-based organization members on how to educate their congregations about the.
Running Head MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROMEMunchausen SyndromeKr.docxglendar3
Running Head: MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME
Munchausen Syndrome
Krystina Joseph
Columbia College
Munchausen Syndrome Article Review
Introduction
The Munchausen Syndrome Article explains about the Munchausen Syndrome, which is a rare fictitious disorder which involves the frequent hospitalization together with an intentional display of signs of sickness and pathological lying. In this regards, the management needs the security history taking with collaboration with the sound clinical processes which entails organicity exclusion in addressing the psychological problems. It is worth noting that a case which is presented having unusual symptoms of same dimensions are as well discussed. The case in this regards brings the finer nuances in the assessment of the entity (Prakash., et al 2014).
Research Question
Based on the abstract of the article, it can be denoted that the research question of the article is the need to understand more on the Munchausen Syndrome as well as the symptoms and therefore the need to ensure that such issues are solved by having a sound clinical process to handle the problem. The problem for the case as well was to find out what caused the 19-year-old housewife to vomit pink substance.
Findings
The findings depict that the 19-year-old housewife was suffering from a factitious disorder, also termed as the Munchausen syndrome. The psychometry performed also showed that there is an elevation of scales of anxiety together with hysteria. Consequently, being managed in an empathetic as well as non-confrontational manner, the psychotherapy was intended to improve the positive coping abilities while at the same time improving the interpersonal relationships which had been imparted (Prakash., et al 2014).
Research Methods Used
The methods used involved observations and clinical assessments. Observations were done by checking regularly the presence of the bloodstained vomits as well as the asthenia and any forms of skin allergy. This was carried out to ensure that the patient had no issues. The observations, as well as little conversation, showed that there were no cases of psychiatric illnesses for the patient in the past. Further, the assessment entails involves the systematic examinations which were performed within the normal limit. The psychiatric evaluation was performed together with ward observations which were intended at revealing the comfortability of the patient while in the hospital (Prakash., et al 2014).
The credibility of the Source of Information
To know the credibility of sources, the authors are scrutinized where their qualifications and their areas of experience assessed to understand whether the information provided is related to the topic at hand. For this article, it can be denoted that all the information provided is credible. This is because all the four authors who contributed to the article have sufficient skills and knowledge pertaining to health-related disorders, and thus, their pieces of information.
Running head PROGRAM EVALUATION 6PROGRAM EVALUATIONPr.docxglendar3
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION
6
PROGRAM EVALUATION
Program Evaluation
Insert Your First & Last Name
Capella University
COUN 5280 – Introduction to School Counseling
Professor: Dr. Erin Berry
Month, Year
Setting up the format for an APA style paper
· Begin by setting your cursor at the first, beginning space of the first page of your paper and creating all of your margins at 1”. You do this by going to File>Page Set Up>Margin Tab and set at 1 inch for all 4 sides, Top, Bottom, Right, and Left.
· To set spacing to true Double: First, highlight the entire document text, or choose Select All. Then go to Format>Paragraph>Indents and Spacing Tab and in the box that says Line Spacing: select Double from the pull down menu. Make sure the ‘before’ and ‘after’ boxes are set at 0 pt, and not at Auto. Double Spacethroughout the document and see rules in APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition. APA is about saving space… no gaps or quadruple spacing, so the document is consistent and easy to read.
· The font is Times New Roman, 12 pt. Use the same size and typeface throughout, including the paging and Running heads.
(REMOVE THIS INSTRUCTION PAGE WHEN SUBMITTING PAPER)
Start your introduction here. APA 6th edition does not use a heading title for the introduction because its position in the paper identifies it as the introduction. Open your paper with a nice foreword to introduce your response to the unit 7 discussion. You also want to set the reader up about the four general topic areas you will present . At this point, you may respond to the assignment in an outline fashion or take a narrative approach. An example of an outline form is provided. Please review the rubric carefully! There is still an expectation to support your ideas with the literature.
I. School specific needs
In this section you will examine your understanding of identified gaps or specific needs for Model Middle School.
· Included in this section should be an analysis that addresses academic career, personal-social and developmental needs. A strong analysis is demonstrated when the ideas presented in this section are supported by specific examples and scholarly literature.
· A strong program analysis takes into consideration the ways in which student development is fostered through stakeholder collaboration (e.g., school, family and community). Additionally, the measures used to demonstrate accountability are reviewed. Be sure these two ideas clearly addressed in your outline.
II. Program outline
Strong action plans demonstrate critical thinking through the discussion of reasonable assumptions, drawing inferences or making predictions while exploring the potential risks and benefits of the plan. Make sure specific examples are provided! For example, the plan may include group counseling for an academic issues because intervention is supported in the literature.
· In this section, you will describe the specific program of services you plan to provide to .
Running head PROGRAM DESIGN 1PROGRAM DESIGN 2.docxglendar3
Running head: PROGRAM DESIGN 1
PROGRAM DESIGN 2
Program Design to Promote Social Goals in American K12 Schools
January 15th,2018
Program Design to Promote Social Goals in American K12 Schools
Explanation of Each Initiative
The three main initiatives of promoting social goals in school will include: promoting moral and character education, improving children’s health and nutrition, and creating school communities through extracurricular activities, after school programs, and school spirits (Rissanen et al. 2018). Comment by Evelyn Young: The 3 initiatives are clearly stated. Although did Rissanen et al. propose these 3 initiatives to promote social goals in schools? If these are your arguments, take credit for them. No need to give credit to Rissanen et al. for formulating the thesis for your paper.
I think that your paper could have used an introduction followed by the thesis statement.
Explanation of Each Initiative
Moral education is meant to promote good conduct among school-going children, not just within their immediate social relationships, but also in their dealings with their fellow citizens. This initiative is premised on the need for students to possess clear ideals and judgments on what action are right and what are wrong, including the determination of students’ conduct through a constant reference to those ideals. Moral education will be offered as a social goal to enlighten students on a system of rules and norms that regulate the social interactions of people on concepts of welfare, such as harm, trust, justice, and rights. For some students, issues related to values, personal feelings, and societal norms are constructs for discussions and are as such viewed as being influenced by the manner in which morality taught or experienced in schools, churches, and social institution settings. Moral education will be meant to reduce criminal and deviant behaviors among students. Moral character is required in schools because many parents do not teach their children morality issues.
The health and nutrition initiative is meant to improve the physical and mental well being of students. This initiative has the potential to improve the quality of students’ urban life, strengthen the ability of poor children to excel in their studies, and to compensate them for the substandard home and school environments spawned by competitive, inequitable social order. Health and nutritional initiatives will be strengthened through planning and introducing curriculum on nutrition with educational activities. These will include physical activities, which are combined with the farm to school programs that motivate students to consume healthy diets. Indeed, the hybrid school-based nutritional programs have major influence on attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors associated with fruits and vegetable consumption diffused throughout a bigger urban community (Dudley Cotton & Peralta, 2015). This hybrid intervention includes combining district stra.
Running head PROFICIENCY LEVEL ANALYSIS1PROFICIENCY LEVEL AN.docxglendar3
Running head: PROFICIENCY LEVEL ANALYSIS 1
PROFICIENCY LEVEL ANALYSIS 4
Proficiency Level Analysis
ESL-433
6/16/19
Proficiency Level Analysis
Grouping Strategy for Ms. Jensen
The arrangement of the student in the class should be based on their proficiency level while factoring the different capabilities of each student. The teacher should ensure that the both fast learners and slow learners are catered in terms of understanding how to handle their comprehension capabilities. The class has three categories of student, basic, intermediate and proficient.
Cooperative Learning
Cooperative grouping is based on the differences among the children in terms of their learning abilities. Li & Lam (2013) states that cooperative grouping is best suited for situations where students have learning abilities which are differing. The grouping technique is implemented following the analysis of the heterogeneous factors such that students should be grouped depending gender, economic background, culture, race and ethnicities. The ranking of students should follow the descending order starting with the highest to the lowest. To make a ranking legend, the teacher should use L for low achiever, M for medium achievers and H for highest achievers. The grouping should include at least one student from each category for the purposes of achieving diversity. The grouping system should however be done without involving the students as such could encourage discrimination. The issues of gender should be defined effectively to avoid the majority of gender in any of the group.
Rationale for Placement
The strategy is important and useful for the given case because students have different abilities and proficiency. The grouping strategy also promotes involvement of all students since the group is designed in manner which facilitates individual contribution. Tsay & Brady (2012) states that the cooperative grouping is important since it allows for the development of critical thinking skills and communication skills.
Conclusion
Ms. Jensen’s class has students with different abilities and varying English proficiency. Cooperative grouping is effective for 7th grade children since it allow them to exchange information amongst themselves while encouraging collaborative learning. Students are more likely to improve their self-esteem and moralization to study English tasks since group composition allows individual contribution and peer discussions.
References
Li, M. P., & Lam, B. H. (2013). Cooperative learning. 2015-01-20]. http://www. ied. edu. hk/aclass/l'heories/cooperative learning course writing_LBH% 2024June, pdf.
Tsay, M., & Brady, M. (2012). A case study of cooperative learning and communication pedagogy: Does working in teams make a difference?. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 10(2), 78-89.
Ms. Jensen's 7th Grade Class AZELLA Scores
Student Name
Reading Label
Writing Label
Listening Label
Speaking Label
Aryanna
P.
Running head PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM1PROFESSIONA.docxglendar3
Running head: PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 1
PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 5
Falls and Related Injuries
Nanah Kamara Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Please see my comments in your previous assignment about how to format your title page.
GCU
Falls and Related Injuries
Nurses, being the initial contacts for patients in any most health facilities and the fact they interact or engage with patients more when compared to other providers of care constitute a critical component of the healthcare system. Consequently, nurses play a much huge role in making sure that the healthcare system provides not only safe care but also and care of high standard or quality (Sato, Hase, Osaka, Sairyo & Katoh, 2018). However one of the major healthcare or nursing issue over the years is the fall and associated injuries which have proved not only difficult for healthcare providers and facility to manage. The purpose of this essay is to… Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
For instance, and according to DuPree, Fritz-Campiz & Musheno, (2014), Unintentional falls constitute the highest cause of non-fatal injuries among people over 65 years in the US. Moreover, one in every three individuals above 65 years falls at least one time in a given year. In addition, injuries from falls cause the highest number of accidental deaths among people 65-year-old and above (Tricco, Thomas, Veroniki, Hamid, Cogo, Strifler & Riva, 2017). Such statistics coupled with the extent of the costs associated with fall call for proper intervention to reduce falls and their associated injuries. For instance, the government spends billions of dollars on fall and their associated injuries on treating falls. The prevention of fall would provide increased funds for investment in other social programs aimed at improving both healthcare and addressing social or communal problems (Zakrajsek, Schuster, Wells, Williams & Silverchanz, 2018).
In addition, falls and their related injuries are responsible for almost 15% of the recorded hospitalization. This increases the burden of healthcare providers especially given the numerous stressors like staff shortage, huge workloads, leadership problems and personal factors among others. An increase in falls and associated injury, therefore, is detrimental to the provision of quality care as captured under the healthy 2020 program goal of reducing deaths that result from falls. Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
Despite this, falls are very complex and difficult to manage or prevent. Given the implications that falls bear on the patients, the healthcare providers and the healthcare system as a whole (Joseph, Henriksen & Malone, 2018), there has been increased There has been an increased research focus towards fall prevention and reduction strategies. As a result, there exist a significant amount of literature regarding the reduction and prevention of falls..
Running head PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL PROGRAM .docxglendar3
Running head: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL PROGRAM 1
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL PROGRAM 3
Professional Development Proposal Program
BUS520
Strayer University
November 9, 2018
Executive Summary
Professional Development Proposal Program
The need for organizational efficiency is driving the need for understanding the competency of individuals that generate effectiveness. The emotional intelligence capabilities help explain considerable as well as significant variances in accepting and predicting performance in capability studies. Emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor personal feelings and emotions visa vie other people’s feelings and emotions and use the information to guide personal thinking and actions. Management can rely on employees’ emotional building blocks to not only enhance their performance, but also their job satisfaction levels. The most important emotional intelligence building blocks that enhance employee performance and job satisfaction are social skills, self-awareness, self regulation, self motivation and empathy. Managers will use emotional intelligence to identify the positive and negative reinforcement of motivation to enhance employee morale within the organization. Positive reinforcement motivation tools are the rewards given to employees for exemplary performance while negative reinforcement is the penalty or punishment for poor performance.
Leaders can use the concept of emotional intelligence to enhance their social skills and decision-making skills in management. Emotional intelligence plays a critical role in helping persons requiring social skills to help them deal with social situations. Given that building strong relationship is one aspect of effective leadership, there is need for organizational leaders to build capacity in social skills for better organizational performance. Leaders can also utilize the concept of emotional intelligence to enhance their decision-making skills. Emotionally intelligent decision makers rely on self-awareness and self-management to determine their appropriate duties in decision making process. Decision makers use these skills to determine whether they have the necessary orientation to a problem.
Emotionally intelligent leaders strive for the establishment of effective teams to help realize organizational and team goals. Effective teams have clear purpose and goals, engage in consensus decision making, shared leadership and embrace open communication. To develop effective teams, departmental managers must define the team’s purpose and goals, define the roles for each group member and quickly identify and resolve conflicts. Finally, there is need to develop both extrinsic and intrinsic reward systems for employee motivation and improved performance.
Professional Development Proposal Program
Introduction
The need for organizatio.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Running Head NEFERTARI1NEFERTARI 3Question I real.docx
1. Running Head: NEFERTARI 1
NEFERTARI 3
Question :
I really liked the subject about Nefertari and her tomb, because
it is important to understand how archaeological finds are not
always safe, once they’ve been excavated. Although it does
make me sad to know the tomb is deteriorating, because of flood
waters. With that, I think it may be better for them to seal the
tomb to prevent any more damage, until they develop a way to
stop the flood waters, but since this is a hot spot for tourism, I
know that won’t happen. I would hate to see the tomb
deteriorate even more, because of its importance in an
archaeological perspective, and to Egypt’s culture. I do have a
question about the art on the walls, did the article mention
anything on what the art depicted? Because on the 9th slide, it
mentions the importance of the art as indicators of economic
development in Egypt, now is that for modern Egypt, or Ancient
Egypt? Because I know the tomb is important for tourism, and I
was wondering if the article mentioned anything about the art
itself. Other than that great job on your presentation.
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari
1904-1987”.
2. Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of
Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb
of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II
become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS
(Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people
because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation
of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in
the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-
dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened
between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages
caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to
influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of
Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor
3. losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred
between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding
of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904
all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the
international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an
archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist
attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of
Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the
damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the
article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the
underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the
4. government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of
revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty
wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic development IN
EGYPT
Important archeological materials considered
The curved paintings on the wall of the tomb are important
factors that attract tourist to the tomb
The remains of the body found in the tomb
Calcium sulphate dehydrated part of the plaster that was eroding
which is another geographical feature that creates attention to
the tombs.
Important archeological materials considered
There was the loss of painting on the walls of the tomb over
time
The government after the discovery renovated the paintings and
tried to make them look new
This was To make the tomb more attractive as away of
promoting the tourism industry
Pictures on the right illustrate the walls before and after repairs
5. METHODS OF ANALYSIS
The method used to analyze the deterioration and destruction of
the tomb was use of artifact analysis method.
Trowels were used to scrap the dirt and soils on the paintings on
the wall. Trowels are the best tools to be used. (Kealhofer,
Torrence, & Fullagar, 1999).
The materials of interests which were the paintings and the
REMAINS OF THE BODY OF NEFERTARI were taken for
analysis.
Methods of analysis
Stratigraphy method was used on evidence obtained from the
tomb to determine the level of destruction and deterioration of
the tomb.
Layers of paintings on the walls of the tomb were used to
determine and date the artifacts obtained from the tomb.
It is believed that the lowest layer of the wall is the one that
was formed first.
Findings of the study
There is evidence of deterioration of paint and plaster on the
walls of the tomb after the discovery of the tomb in 1904
There was accelerated deterioration of paintings and plaster
between 1921-1942.
In the upper tomb levels there was progressive deterioration as
compared to the lower tomb levels.
6. Findings of the study
Evidence of deterioration of paintings and plaster at the tomb.
The images were damaged through the loss of painting on the
wall.
The image is a sample painting found in the walls of the tomb
nefertari.
Findings of the study
The tomb of Nefertari has been experiencing continuous loss of
paintings on the wall.
However, some parts of the tomb are still in stable conditions.
Since 1904 there has been human intervention at the tomb.
The government is aiming at conserving the value of the art in
the tomb.
Discussion of the findings
Flood water is the main contributing factor of paint loss in the
tomb, leading to its degradation and deterioration.
The flood water entered the tomb with force thus washing out
the paints on the walls causing the paintings of the wall of the
tomb to fade out.
Most of the paintings on the walls have been lost through the
flooding.
Discussion of the findings
7. Absorbed water also contributed to the loss of painting on the
walls.
The walls of the tomb absorbs water from the ground thus
making the paintings that are on the wall fade out (Asperen de
Boer, 1967).
There is need for a protective mechanism to be put in place by
the government since the tomb bears artistic treasures of Egypt.
Discussion of the findings
Sodium chloride has also contributed to the fading of paintings
on the wall of the tomb.
As water is absorbed by the wall it moves the chemical
composition of sodium chloride.
Sodium chloride reacts with the paint on the wall hence making
the paintings fade out.
conclusion
The tomb of Nefertari is a main tourist attraction in Egypt
because of the artistic value it has hence the paintings on the
wall.
There is need for protection so that the government can
continue benefiting from the revenue gotten from the tourists
who come to visit the place.
Since its discovery there has been progressive deterioration of
paintings on the wall.
Further conclusion
The main contributing factor to the destruction and
deterioration of the paintings are:
Floods,
8. Water absorbed by the wall
Deposition of sodium chloride on the wall
references
Asperen de Boer, J. V. (1967). Humidity in walls in relation to
the preservation of works of art. Studies in Conservation,
12(sup1), 109-117.References
Habicht, M. E., Bianucci, R., Buckley, S. A., Fletcher, J.,
Bouwman, A. S., Öhrström, L. M., ... & Böni, T. (2016).
Queen Nefertari, the royal spouse of Pharaoh Ramses II: a
multidisciplinary investigation of the mummified remains
found in her tomb (QV66). PloS one, 11(11).
Kealhofer, L., Torrence, R., & Fullagar, R. (1999). Integrating
phytoliths within use-wear/residue studies of stone tools.
Journal of archaeological Science, 26(5), 527-546.
Wilson-Yang, K. M., & Burns, G. (1989). The stability of the
tomb of Nefertari 1904–1987. Studies in conservation, 34(4),
153-170.
The Stability of the Tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
Author(s): K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Source: Studies in Conservation, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Nov., 1989),
pp. 153-170
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the
International Institute for
Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1506283
9. Accessed: 14-05-2020 10:00 UTC
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10. THE STABILITY OF THE TOMB OF NEFERTARI 1904-1987
K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
Abstract-The conservation of the tomb of Nefertari
(No. 66, Valley of the Queens, Egypt) has attracted
international concern for many years. However, pre-
vious assessments of the stability of this complex
physicochemical system have been neither compre-
hensive in content nor unanimous in conclusions.
Here, using available photographic and diagrammatic
documentation from 1904, 1921, 1942, 1971 and 1987,
these assessments are examined and mechanisms of
deterioration are explored. It has been found that
although some paint and plaster loss had occurred in
the tomb of Nefertari prior to its discovery in 1904,
additional large losses appeared between 1904 and
1971. Degradation in the upper tomb levels is less
extensive than in the lower tomb levels. In the tomb as
a whole, loss of large areas of both paint and plaster
strata has slowed at least since 1971 and probably
earlier. However, paint layer deterioration in the form
of flaking has been continuous even when the tomb
was closed. The pattern and physical characteristics of
loss have shown that there are five interacting factors
which underlie the deterioration of the tomb of
Nefertari. Two intermittent but catastrophic factors
operate over a short period of time: direct entry of
flood-waters and the capillary absorption of trapped
flood-waters into the tomb walls. Flood-waters cause
immediate mechanical losses and absorbed waters
induce morphological changes in the wall paintings.
11. Absorbed waters contribute to the slower action of a
third deterioration factor, sodium chloride. Salt and
water movement and the eventual deposition of salt as
micro- and macrocrystals throughout the painting
substrate and surfaces undermine their structural sta-
bility. The chemical dehydration and associated
instability of the tomb plaster is a fourth factor. This
dehydration is suspected to be primarily the result of
a very dry pre- or post-flood environment within the
tomb. The mechanical damage caused by salt crystal
growth in the friable plasters is one way that sodium
chloride interacts with the plaster. Sodium chloride is
suspected also to have accelerated the process of loss
of chemically-bound water. The tomb materials, salt
and water interact in another, previously unrecog-
nized, slow process which is responsible for some
paint flaking. This flaking is consistent with the inter-
action of the painted layer with a fifth factor: air
humidity and its fluctuations. A four-stage, long-term
conservation scheme is suggested in this paper. It
involves the climatic and physical isolation of the orig-
inal, the consolidation of the walls, and the construc-
tion of a replica tomb.
1 Introduction
The kinetic investigation of slow deterioration
processes in archaeological systems in situ is
important in conservation science and archae-
ological chemistry [1]. This paper deals with one
such system, the tomb of Nefertari, Egypt, and
presents an assessment of the macroscopic
changes which have taken place in this tomb
from its discovery in 1904 [2] to 1987. Such an
12. assessment is necessary for the identification of
mechanisms of deterioration at this site as well as
for long-term conservation planning for the site
as a whole.
The tomb of Nefertari (No. 66, Valley of the
Queens, c. 1240 B.c.) has been recognized as one
of Egypt's most valued artistic treasures. Not
only is it the tomb of Ramesses II's favourite
queen, for whom the Temple of Hathor at Abu
Simbel was constructed, it also contains some of
the best examples of nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings. This tomb and its Egyptological and
artistic content have been described elsewhere [2,
3].
The wall paintings in the tomb of Nefertari are
carved in relief and skilfully painted in colours
which still retain their remarkable brightness.
The tomb is constructed on two levels (Figure 1):
an upper set of chambers, and a lower set of
chambers at a depth of approximately 10m, con-
nected by a stairway. The lower chambers are
centred around the sarcophagus room, which is
supported by four columns. The Valley of the
Queens lies approximately 100m above the allu-
vial plain of the River Nile [4]. It is probable,
based on a geological survey of the Valley of the
Kings [4, 5], that the tomb of Nefertari was cut
in ancient limestone landslide deposits on top of
limestone interbedded with underlying expan-
sive Esna shale.
The tomb of Nefertari has been the subject of Received 4
October 1988
13. Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170 153
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K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
B'
Fig 7
Fig 2
-Fig 3
Fig 8
Fig 5 0 m 5
Fig 6 / Fig 4 N
A B
B'
0 m 5
Figure 1 Plan of the tomb of Nefertari, after reference [3]. The
positions of the mural paintings which are
reproduced in this paper are marked with bold lines and
numbered according to the respective figures.
concern to the Egyptian Antiquities Organi-
zation (E.A.O.) and to the international com-
14. munity [1, 3, 6-10, 13] because of its structural
fragility. The plaster has, in many places, lost
both cohesion and adhesion. The plaster layer,
which in some places is as thick as 5cm, forms
the substrate on which the murals were carved,
coated with a thin white wall preparation [9] and
154 Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170
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The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
then painted. The calcium sulphate dihydrate
component of the plaster, which is its binding
agent, has completely dehydrated to anhydrous
calcium sulphate [1, 6, 9, 11] and the plaster as
a whole contains significant amounts of sodium
chloride dispersed at the submicroscopic level, as
found through a series of sensitive chemical
analyses [1, 11]. Furthermore, the plaster sub-
strate is riddled with sodium chloride crystals [1,
6, 12-15], from the microscopic to several cubic
centimetres in volume, and sodium chloride
efflorescence products appear on the painted
surfaces.
The limestone from which the tomb was cut is
highly jointed [12, 13] and contains geological
deposits of sodium chloride in the form of veins
15. and pockets [1, 6, 13]. Movement of sodium
chloride is possible in such a system and would
proceed either under the action of relatively rare
climatic events, e.g. sudden rainfalls or floods, or
by the more insidious and continuous action of
atmospheric moisture and, to a much smaller
degree, groundwater.
The problems of isolation, accessibility and
stability of the tomb of Nefertari have not been
well understood. However, it has been possible
to consider the tomb as a physicochemical sys-
tem [1, 6] in interaction with its geological [12,
13] and climatic [1] surroundings. Such an
approach has been useful when applied to the
Temples of Karnak [16], and is applicable
throughout'Egypt and elsewhere [1].
2 Descriptions, assessments and documentation
In 1904, at the time of excavation, the damage in
the tomb was described: 'because of the many
infiltrations of rain-water which had penetrated
in between the rock and the layer of stucco, the
latter had fallen in some parts and in others was
about to fall, making it necessary that our work
of consolidation be well devised and patient; this
work was directed by Professor Fabrizio
Lucarini, who was with our Mission' [2]. It was
said also that, despite their state of disrepair, the
scenes on the walls remained about two-thirds
intact [2]. It is significant that the appearance of
salt on the painted surfaces, which is prominent
now, was not reported in 1904.
16. The task of providing an assessment of the
stability of the tomb of Nefertari after 1904 was
complicated by its chemical, physical and geo-
logical diversity. Opinions on the extent and rate
of deterioration vary considerably from one
group to another. It was reported in 1942 [7] that
'the tomb of Queen Nefertari can be cited as an
example of (this) rapid destruction'. In
describing the damage it was asserted, but not
supported by direct evidence, that 'the coating
(plaster) soaked by humidity swells and becomes
detached from the wall... the swelling becomes
accentuated, the coating (plaster) caves in, frag-
ments after drying and falls' [7] and paintings
were seen to be 'extensively invaded by salt
which deposits as blackish-grey scabs on the col-
our' [7]. Shortly after 1942, access to the tomb
was restricted; it had previously been a well-
known attraction and was described in early
guidebooks [17, 18]. A UNESCO/ICCROM
committee visited the tomb in 1958 and 1969 [19]
and, in 1970, it reported that 'even in places
where the plaster is dangerously detached from
the rock wall, no important losses could be
found on comparing the original with the pic-
tures taken in 1904' and also '...the tomb does
not appear to have undergone any further deteri-
oration of significance. Its present condition
may therefore be regarded as stable' [8]. It was
stated in 1974 that 'on comparing the present
state of the ......paintings with these pictures
[Schiaparelli's, of 1904] they do not appear to
have undergone any significant deterioration
since their discovery' [9]. In 1982, it was reported
that the tomb had changed little between 1971
17. and 1977 and between 1977 and 1981 [6]. At the
other extreme, it has been said that 'since the
discovery of the tomb, its condition has suffered
considerably...' [3] and also 'the tomb has
suffered notably since its clearing eighty-three
years ago' [20]. This underlying dichotomy has
been recognized by the Egyptian Antiquities
Organization which has stressed that 'with
present facilities... this claim [of ref. 8] can be
quantified' [19]; subsequently, a record of the
1987 status of the visual deterioration of the
tomb of Nefertari has been compiled [21]. How-
ever, this 1987 status report appears to have been
prepared primarily as a guide for conservators
engaged in in situ protective consolidation and
does not deal explicitly with past rates of deteri-
oration.
In the present paper, the deterioration of the
tomb of Nefertari is examined using available
supporting photographs and diagrams from
Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170 155
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K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
1904 [2], 1920-22, 1942 [7], 1971 [3] and 1987
[10].
In 1904, at the time of excavation, an incom-
18. plete set of photographs was made and repairs
were done [2]. The quality of the photographs is
variable but they are irreplaceable for the estab-
lishment of major post-1904 losses.
During the 1920-21 and 1921-22 seasons, the
Metropolitan Museum of Art Graphic Expedi-
tion made an extensive photographic record of
the tomb of Nefertari. The photographs
reproduced here are reprinted from contact
prints made from the original 8" by 14" glass
negatives from the archives of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art. Coloured copies of three scenes
from the upper chambers were painted at about
the same time [22]. However, a careful com-
parison of the 1921 photograph in Figure 6 and
the copy of the same scene [22] indicates that the
painting is based almost exactly on the 1920 pho-
tograph and therefore does not constitute a sep-
arate source. It is reasonable to assume that this
is also true for the other two painted scenes.
In 1942, photographs of extensively damaged
sections in the lower chambers were made, and
a set of diagrams was published which showed
areas of loss and potential loss of most of the
a
b
C
Figure 2 Nefertari adoring Hathor. (a) 1904 [2]. (b) 1921.
Photography by the Egyptian Expedition of the
19. Metropolitan Museum of Art, all rights reserved. (c) 1971,
from [3].
156 Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170
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The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
a
b
C
Figure 3 Nefertari before the First and Second Door
of the Domain of Osiris. (a) 1921. Photography by the
Egyptian Expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of
Art, all rights reserved. (b) 1942 [7]. (c) 1971, from
[3].
upper rooms and some of the stairwell [7]. The
areas of potential losses were investigated:
'... auscultation of these paintings and some
probing reveals large zones of coating (plaster)
detachment' [7] and these zones appear as the
hatched areas on the diagrams. Areas of loss
noted in the same diagrams were described as
'large fragments [which] already have fallen since
the opening of the tomb' [7]. We have found that
these diagrams are not exhaustive; many small,
20. unrepaired losses seen in the 1904 photos were
not noted. Inaccuracies exist in the diagrams:
some losses present in 1904 are erroneously
described as being post-discovery in the 1942
diagrams. Nevertheless, the 1942 diagrams are a
valuable source and represent the first use of
condition diagrams in the tomb of Nefertari.
Any true post-1904 losses have been verified
below by comparison with later photographs.
In 1971, the first colour documentation of the
tomb of Nefertari was made [3]. This publication
provides a photographic record coupled with the
architectural plan and documents the tomb
surface, excluding most of the ceiling.
Several colour photographs were reproduced
in 1987 [10]. These photographs are primarily
illustrative and were not meant as a complete
1987 documentation of the tomb.
It is perhaps surprising that a comparison of
all these sources has not been made before. The
reason for this appears to be that the documents
cited above do not represent a continuous body
of work. The 1904 excavation report [2] was con-
cerned primarily with the great Egyptological
significance of the site; photographs taken in
1920-22 were never published and the 1942
paper [7] was the first conservation-related docu-
ment to appear in the literature. The 1971 docu-
mentation followed a hiatus in published work
of approximately 31 years. However, this work
was not directed intrinsically toward conser-
vation. The most recent document, the 1987
21. report [10], is oriented specifically to conser-
vation studies in the tomb of Nefertari and not
to the rates of deterioration.
The tomb plan given in Figure 1 indicates the
location of the photographs and diagrams
reproduced here.
3 Comparisons
3.1 Evidence for general post-1904 deterioration
Paint and plaster losses occurred throughout the
tomb after 1904. A specific example is given in a
series of photographs of Nefertari adoring Hat-
hor (Figure 2). This panel is found on the north
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K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
a
b
Figure 4 Isis and Re-Harakhty, seated. (a) 1904 [2].
(b) 1921. Photography by the Egyptian Expedition of
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, all rights reserved.
(c) 1942 [7]. (d) 1971, from [3].
wall of the lower small east chamber. The 1904,
22. 1921 and 1971 photographs of this scene all
show areas of loss, especially in Hathor's body.
Although most of the losses occurred before
1904, by 1921 one can see the beginnings of
further losses of painted detail between the two
figures. There was some reinforcement of the
paint and plaster layers around the edges of the
losses: in the offertory flowers and in Nefertari's
abdomen, for example. By 1971, there had been
a steady loss of fragments in all regions of this
panel. Most of these subsequent losses were
replaced by blank infill repairs made after 1921.
3.2 Evidence for accelerated deterioration
1921-42
The photographs of the south-east wall of the
sarcophagus room (Figure 3) show that dra-
matic and extensive losses in all figures in this
panel had occurred between 1921 and 1942. The
lower right quadrant of this panel is especially
damaged. Losses which occurred between 1942
and 1971 in the panel of Figure 3 are difficult to
see because of the quality of the 1942 photo-
graph; they are minor in comparison with those
which had occurred in the years between 1921
and 1942. Initial repairs to this wall painting
were done before 1921; plaster drips can be seen
in the dado of Figure 3a. Additional repairs and
cleaning were performed before the 1942 photo-
graph was taken.
3.3 Evidence for progressive deterioration in the
upper tomb levels
It has been observed that the lower chambers of
23. the tomb have more losses than the upper cham-
bers [3, 6, 8, 12] and Figures 2 and 3 indicate that
these losses have been, in part, progressive since
1904. However, in the upper part of the tomb the
rate of deterioration has been progressive since
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The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
Bilh it11IIJ UIII1 il] 111111 11111111 u
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d
discovery. This point is illustrated by Figures 4
and 5. Figure 4 shows Isis and Re-Harakhty
from the east wall of the hallway to the upper
east chamber. A clear pattern of damage and
repair from 1904 to 1971 emerges from the
photographs of this panel. In 1904, losses in the
headdress of Isis had already occurred. Losses
24. can also be seen in the plinths of Isis and Re-
Harakhty, in Re-Harakhty's thigh and chest by
his bent arm, and in the dado panel under the
plinths. By 1921, losses in the headdress had
grown. In 1942, this damage was not recorded;
it is possible that it had been repaired before
1942. However, the 1942 diagram does show
more extensive losses in the Re-Harakhty plinth,
in Re-Harakhty's elbow and chest and in the left
hand of Isis. It is likely that this 1942 diagram
was used to guide repairs: the 1971 photograph
shows where most of the damage noted in the
1942 diagram was infilled and repainted. From
1971 to 1987 there has been no apparent loss (see
reference [20], figure 4).
Figure 5 shows Isis and Nephthys (right) from
the large west panel in the upper part of the
stairway. It also shows a pattern of loss and
repair. A large patch of the headdress of Isis had
fallen between 1904 and 1921 and, as in Figure
4 above, was apparently repainted before 1942.
Figure 5 also provides evidence of continuous
deterioration which resulted in losses between
1942 and 1971. In 1904 and 1921, the feet of
Nephthys could be seen. In 1942 her feet were
recorded as part of an area of plaster detach-
ment. By 1971, the loss in this area had not only
occurred but had been repaired. In 1921 the face
of Nephthys had not lost its paint layer (the light
patch on the 1904 photograph is due to uneven
lighting), and no loss was noted in 1942. But by
1971 the paint layer had been damaged. No
additional losses to this panel were noted in a
25. 1987 diagram [21].
None of the losses in Figures 4 and 5 has been
Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170 159
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K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
a
i
Figure 5 Isis (left) and Nephthys, seated. (a) 1904
[2]. (b) 1921. Photography by the Egyptian Expedi-
tion of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, all rights
reserved. (c) 1942 [7]. (d) 1971, from [3].
b
as great as the pre-discovery losses and the losses
between 1921 and 1942 in the sarcophagus room
painting shown in Figure 3.
3.4 Evidence for continuous paint layer loss
A more subtle change which has occurred in the
tomb of Nefertari is paint layer loss not obvi-
ously associated with plaster loss. This change is
exemplified in Figures 6 and 7. Figure 6 com-
pares the 1921 and 1971 [3] photographs of a
detail of an upper chamber wall showing a phoe-
nix (also identified as a heron [22]) and the god-
26. dess Nephthys as a hawk (or kite [22]).
Enlargement of paint layer losses in the tail and
wing of Nephthys are seen in the black outline of
the feathers in the 1971 photograph. In Figure 7,
the face of Isis (right) from a column in the
sarcophagus chamber shows the enlargement of
paint layer loss, especially in the pupil of the eye,
which has occurred between 1921 and 1987.
Losses in the eyebrow and over the corner of the
mouth became enlarged between 1971 and 1987.
Although apparently unreported, these types of
losses were recognized: the paint loss seen in
1904 and 1921 on the face of Isis near her mouth
was repaired sometime prior to the 1971 photo-
graph.
3.5 Evidence for stable areas in the tomb
The two photographs in Figure 8 are of the god-
dess Ma'at in the lintel of the doorway leading to
the sarcophagus chamber. Although paint layer
losses had occurred in the centuries preceding
discovery, there is no evidence of change
between 1904 and 1971. Furthermore, no change
could be seen in a 1987 photograph (see refer-
ence [20], figure 3) of this panel.
3.6 Evidence for periodic human intervention
since 1904
In every group of photographs in this paper,
except Figure 8, there is evidence of some human
160 Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170
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The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
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d
intervention. There were at least three sets of
repairs between 1904 and 1987. Schiaparelli
directed repairs [2] which may or may not be
identical to the pre-1921 repairs (Figures 2b, 3a
and 6a). Repairs were done before 1942 (Figures
3b, 4c and 5c). Some of these latter repairs may
be datable. For example, in 1977, in the lower
level of the tomb, a fragment of repaired painted
plaster was found by one of us (GB); it had been
backed with a piece of newspaper dated 1935.
Finally, Figures 4d and 5d provide evidence that
28. work was done in the tomb between 1942 and
1971.
4 Discussion
4.1 Effects offlood-waters
The lower level chambers of the tomb of
Nefertari have undergone the most damage, for
which groundwater, rain-water and flood-water
may be responsible. Groundwater is likely to
play a minor role at this site because of the great
depth of the water table in desert regions and the
shallowness of the tomb: the tomb is situated
approximately 2km from irrigated fields and is
only about 10m in depth (see Figure 1). Seepage
of rain-water solely in the lower levels is not
supported by observations. Although the tomb
ceiling has lost some paint and plaster in the
upper level as well as in the lower level, there is
little difference in the extent of losses between the
two levels. That the ceiling remains largely intact
suggests that seepage could not have been
important. However, direct entry of waters from
torrential rains is possible, especially if the door-
way is not sealed. The flow of water near the base
of the walls, and its entrapment in the lowest
levels of the tomb, may account for the large
losses in those areas. The painted dado panels on
the walls of the lower chambers and, to a lesser
extent, those of the upper walls, have suffered
losses; in the northernmost small chamber,
beyond the sarcophagus room (see Figure 1),
only approximately one quarter [3] of the wall
29. Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170 161
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K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
a
Figure 6 Heron and Nephthys-as-a-bird. (a) 1921.
Photography by the Egyptian Expedition of the Met-
ropolitan Museum of Art, all rights reserved. (b) 1971,
from [3].
paintings remain. The upright sides of the
recessed floor of the sarcophagus chamber have
no decoration [3], so that flooding probably
occurred to a maximum depth of about two
thirds of a metre, that is, the height of these sides.
Flood damage in the tomb of Nefertari could
have resulted from one or a very few floodings.
The tomb of Seti I, in the Valley of the Kings,
was excavated in the 1816-17 season and by
1819 water had entered and caused damage in
the entire tomb [4]. The damage in the tomb of
Nefertari which was noted in 1904 suggested
that it was flooded before discovery [2], which is
possible only if water seeped through the rubble
in the entranceway.
The tomb was not adequately documented in
1904 [2] and a complete documentation was
30. made only in 1971 [3]; therefore any flooding
which resulted in the post-discovery damage in
the lower level probably occurred before 1942
(see section 3.2) and certainly before 1971. The
most recent reported flood in the Valley of the
Kings was in 1916. The Valley of the Queens has
a different drainage pattern than does the Valley
of the Kings, as assessed from aerial photo-
graphs [12] and topographical maps [4]. How-
ever, it is probable that the Valley of the Queens,
because of its proximity to the Valley of the
Kings, also experienced its most recent water
damage in 1916. It is known also that torrential
rainfalls occurred in the entire Theban Necropo-
lis yearly from 1906 to 1910 [4]. Thus flood-water
b
seems to be the most important factor
responsible for the major losses in the tomb.
4.2 Effects of absorbed water
In addition to any mechanical damage caused by
flowing waters, trapped water will rise by capil-
lary forces through the porous wall-painting
substrate and between the substrate and the
limestone walls. Therefore, murals above the
flood level in the lower chambers would have
been severely damaged. Some of these murals
have indeed collapsed, including those in the
northernmost chamber beyond the sarcophagus
room, while others needed immediate repair [8].
In 1942, the swelling and subsequent drying of
the plaster substrate was proposed as the mech-
anism responsible for large post-discovery losses
in the tomb [7]. Humidity was cited as the cause
31. of the swelling; it is more likely, given the proba-
bility of the direct entry of water as recently as
the first two decades of this century, that any
swelling or change in morphology was due to
162 Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170
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2020 10:00:04 UTC
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The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987
b ... . i .............. Ab
. ... ........?
...... .... ..
:9.,
I m j[ I j (
i::"~~Q 1'
.:.........?....... ..
Aik
i ie
~pc IL_~1OEIO~ tNO.s
""'M
TT"'::~''_''~? ''*A
32. 7s~ II
~q ?, ?Pow
AJ?'
Figure 7 Nefertari and Isis (right). (a) 1904 [2]. (b) 1921.
Photography by the Egyptian Expedition of the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, all rights reserved. (c) 1971,
from [3]. (d) 1987 [20]. Photo credit: Guillermo
Aldana, courtesy of the Getty Conservation Institute.
Studies in Conservation 34 (1989) 153-170 163
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2020 10:00:04 UTC
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K. M. Wilson-Yang and George Burns
a
Figure 8 Ma'at. (a) 1904 [2]. (b) 1971, from [3].
absorbed water. Thus, capillary action in the
flooded tomb appears to be the second most
important factor responsible for its deterio-
ration.
4.3 Effect of sodium chloride
As absorbed water moves to the drier surfaces of
the murals, it will carry with it the sodium chlo-
ride which is known to exist in the …