Running Head INITIAL PROPOSAL1INITIAL PROPOSAL6.docx

Running Head: INITIAL PROPOSAL 1
INITIAL PROPOSAL 6
Initial proposal
Joe-Anne McCormick
MHA 616 Health Care Management Information Systems
Dr. Mohammad Bajwa
March 22, 2017
Planning
Project Porposal/Problem statement
Studies have proved that life expectancy in the United
States fares poorly at the international level (Oeppen & Vaupel,
2012). That does not mean that the country is not doing enough
to improve the quality of healthcare in the country. In 2007, the
United States government spent 16% of its GDP on healthcare
an amount that was inherently higher compared to that of any
other country (Preston & Ho, 2009). Hence, it is not the
healthcare system that is inefficient. Instead, the problem is that
there are a number of behavioral factors that are associated with

the citizens that have contributed to the high mortality rate in
the country (Preston & Ho, 2009).
SMART Objectives
1. The United States healthcare stakeholders will launch public
sensitization practice about cancer resulting in 300,000
estimated cancer deaths from 595,690 by 2021.
2. Healthcare institutions will use quality improvement
approaches resulting in 50% reduction in the rate of hospital
readmissions by 2023.
3. Healthcare stakeholders will sensitize the United States
citizens about the effects of smoking resulting in less than 12%
adult smoking rate from 16.8% by 2020.
4. The media and other healthcare stakeholders will educate the
members of the public about the importance of taking part in
exercise activities resulting in 51% obese adults from 68.8% by
2021.
5. The media and other healthcare stakeholders will educate the
members of the public about the importance of taking part in
exercise activities resulting in 250,000 heart disease deaths
from 375,00 by 2023.
Team members
The success of the project will require the contribution of
the healthcare staff, teachers, other students, the community
educators and the media.
Background
Evidence about the state of healthcare in the United States
and the rate of mortality can be found in peer reviewed articles,
books, magazines and internet sources. Hence, the sources will
be used to set up the procedures and overall planning for the
project.
Current/ideal state
The current rate of mortality in the United States fares
poorly at the international level. In retrospect to that, the United
States is also the highest spender in the sector of healthcare.
The country spent $3.2 trillion on healthcare in 2016 implying
that the core contributing factor to the high mortality rate in the

country is not entirely tied down to the healthcare system but
rather on the behavior and lifestyles of the people. Therefore,
improvement is required because with the current trend in
lifestyle, failing to take actions will worsen the state of
mortality in the future. The current healthcare system does not
redirect a lot of focus on public participation. For instance, only
12% of the United States adults have proficient healthcare
literacy. The success of the system will require that all
healthcare stakeholders should be involved accordingly (Murray
& Frenk, 2010).
Establishing measures
Once a change has been implemented, the rate of mortality
in the country will be determined after a given time frame and
then compared to the initial rate. Precisely, the current number
of cancer deaths will be compared from 2016 to 2021. The rate
of hospital readmissions will also be compared from 2016 to
2023. The number of smokers will be compared from 2016 to
2010. Additionally, the number of obese adults will be
compared from 2016 to 2021. Finally, the number of deaths that
are caused by heart diseases will be compared starting from
2016 to 2023.
Selecting changes
The current healthcare system is already doing enough to
reduce the rate of mortality in the country (Preston & Ho,
2009). Therefore, the core change that will alleviate the state
of things will be a change of change and behaviors amongst the
citizens of the country. For instance, the members of the public
should be educated about cancer because it is one of the leading
causes of death in the country. In addition to that, healthcare
institutions should focus on quality improvement. Public
sensitization should be carried out to enhance awareness about
the effects of smoking. In retrospect to that, people should also
be educated as about the importance of taking part in exercise
activities to help reduce the number of deaths that are caused by
obesity and heart diseases (Oeppen & Vaupel, 2012).
Testing changes

Plan-Do-Study-Act will be used to test the changes
(Gillam & Siriwardena, 2013). The first step will be planning
where the metrics of success for the project will be defined.
Putting the plans of the project into action will also be part of
this step. It will then be followed by the do step in which the
components of the project plans will be implemented. In this
case, the proposed changes to the healthcare system of the
country will be implemented. The next step will be the study
step in which the outcomes of the changes will be analyzed to
determine their validities. It is in this step that signs of progress
or success after the implementation of the changes will be
analyzed. The act step will finalize the test process by putting
lessons that have been learned together and coming up with
readjustments and improvements (Gillam & Siriwardena, 2013).
Project summary
In summary, this project will be used to reduce the rate of
mortality in the United States through the implementation of a
number of measures (Murray & Frenk, 2010). More importantly,
the project should provide a platform for getting to know more
about the effects of the proposed changes in the United States’
healthcare system and the possible changes that should be made
to address the issue of high mortality rate. The project should
also provide a directive on how the proposed changes should be
implemented by defining the roles of the participants and
setting performance time frame. Finally, the success of the
project should foresee the emulation of similar changes by other
world countries to ensure that life expectancy is improved.
References
Gillam, S., & Siriwardena, A. N. (2013). Frameworks for
improvement: clinical audit, the plan-do-study-act cycle and
significant event audit. Quality in Primary Care, 21(2).
Murray, C. J., & Frenk, J. (2010). Ranking 37th—measuring the

performance of the US health care system. N Engl J
Med, 2010(362), 98-99.
Oeppen, J., & Vaupel, J. W. (2012). Broken limits to life
expectancy. Science, 296(5570), 1029-1031.
Preston, S., & Ho, J. Y. (2009). The US health care system and
lagging life expectancy: A case study.
HEALTH PARTNERSHIPS DIVISION
W W W . H E A L T H . S T A T E . M N . U S / Q I
SMART Objectives
Good public health practice requires strong objectives in order
to monitor progress toward
achieving goals and outcomes. Many programs and services are
funded by grants that require
developing, implementing and completing objectives to prove
success for continued funding.
Organizations often struggle to create objectives that accurately
measure progress toward a goal
and that are meaningful to other team members or stakeholders.
A SMART objective is one that is SPECIFIC, MEASURABLE,
ACHIEVABLE, RELEVANT AND TIME-
BOUND.
Why use SMART objectives?
tured approach to developing and designing

a work plan.
opportunities for
improvement
and current
progress to stakeholders
Devoting time and resources early on to intentionally writing
SMART objectives is an investment
in the future of a plan, program, or service. By starting out
with SMART objectives, a program or
plan can systematically and meaningfully measure progress,
show achievements and identify
opportunities for improvement.
How to Write SMART Objectives
In order to understand how the parts of SMART objectives flow
together, the order of the SMART components listed below will
go
out of order—SMTRA. This is because the Specific,
Measurable and Time-Bound parts are clearly visible in the
standard written
format for objectives. The Achievable and Relevant pieces are
more abstract and require reflection. Each of these parts will
include
an example objective that will be re-written to be SMART.
SMART objectives should:

Specific
Objectives should be well-defined, and clear to other team
members and to stakeholders who also understand the program
or plan.
Consider these prompts:
What:
Contents
Specific
Measurable
Time-Bound
Achievable
Relevant
Different Ways to Write
SMART Objectives
Additional Examples of

SMART-er Objectives
Further Resources, Courses,
and Training
http://www.health.state.mn.us/qi
M I N N E S O T A D E P A R T M E N T O F H E A L T H
P U B L I C H E A L T H & Q I T O O L B O X | S M A R
T O B J E C T I V E S
M D H H E A L T H P A R T N E R S H I P S D I V I S I O N
2 R E V I S E D A U G U S T 2 0 1 6
Who:
sible for carrying out the action?
population?
Note that not all of these questions will apply to every
objective.
Example Objective
Original Objective How Can We Fix? SMART-er Objective
Staff will be trained in Quality
Improvement.
We need to clarify the WHO and
WHAT to make this objective

“smarter.”
USA County management will offer
Quality Improvement training
opportunities to staff.
Measurable
This involves selecting what will be measured to show
improvement, impact or success. There may be existing
measures and
targets that are required for a specific program or grant. Try to
pick a measure that is meaningful. The easiest things to
measure
may not be the most meaningful.
-in or proxy measure to use if this objective
cannot be directly measured, or is there another measure that
would be more appropriate to use instead?
Key Terms
Measure: Show success or impact over time. It is the number,
percent or some standard unit to express how you are doing at
achieving the goal or outcome.
Target: The desired level of performance you want to see that
represents success.
Example Objective

opportunities to staff.
We need to clarify the MEASURE and
TARGET to make this objective
“smarter.”
opportunities resulting in 75% of staff
completing Quality Improvement
101.
3 R E V I S E D A U G U S T 2 0 1 6
Time-Bound
Objectives should be achievable within a specific time frame
that isn't so soon as to prevent success, or so far away as to
encourage
procrastination.

-frame realistic?
ould it be closer or further in the future?
Example Objective
completing Quality Improvement 101.
We need to clarify the TIME to make
this objective “smarter.”
completing Quality Improvement 101
by December 31, 2019.
Achievable
Objectives should be within reach for your team or program,
considering available resources, knowledge and time.
objective be achieved? Should we scale it up or down?

limitations or constraints stand in our way?
Example Objective
SMART-er Objective How Can We Fix?
USA County management will offer Quality Improvement
training opportunities resulting in 75% of staff completing
Quality Improvement 101 by December 31, 2019.
To clarify achievability, it may be helpful for management to
explain who is conducting the training, identify any related
costs in the budget and consider whether it is possible to
complete in the time frame.
Relevant
Objectives should align with a corresponding goal. Consider if
and how successfully completing an objective will be relevant
to
achieving the goal. Consider if an objective relates to the larger
program, plan or organization’s mission, vision and goals. It
should
also be considered whether an objective is relevant or important
to the team and other stakeholders. Objectives related to your
organization's mission and guiding principles are more likely to
be approved by your organizational leadership; objectives
supported
by other stakeholders will lead to a greater level of buy-in.

4 R E V I S E D A U G U S T 2 0 1 6
s
goals?
seem reasonable to measure this objective?
Example Objective
SMART-er Objective How Can We Fix?
USA County management will offer Quality Improvement
training opportunities resulting in 75% of staff completing
Quality Improvement 101 by December 31, 2019.
To clarify relevance, it may be helpful to think about how many
staff have already completed the training, if any. If there has
already been a high number of staff who have completed this
training, maybe they should be offered a higher level training
or re-write the objective to include attending any QI training.
Different Ways to Write SMART Objectives
There are multiple approaches and ways to explain how to write
SMART objectives. Here are some other sentence structures
for
objectives:
[Who] will do [what] resulting in [measure] by [when].
By [when], [who] will do [what] resulting in [measure].

By [when], [measure - includes who and what].
[Measure – includes who and what] by [when].
Additional Examples of SMART -er Objectives
Original Objective SMART-er Objective
Reduce obesity rates for children and
adolescents.
By December 31, 2019, reduce the percent of 9th graders in
Awesome County
who are obese from 8% baseline to 7%.
Meet with colleges to inform them about
tobacco-free grounds.
Public Health Staff will meet with key stakeholders at all
colleges in our
jurisdiction resulting in 3 out of 4 colleges committing to work
on tobacco free
grounds policies by June 2016.
Use technology to increase department
communications.
Communications and IT staff will pilot and evaluate two new
communication
technologies targeted to external customers resulting in a 25%
increase in
traffic to the Community Family Health webpage by December,
2016.
Further Resources, Courses, and Training
For updated resources and more on this topic, visit: Public
Health & QI Toolbox: SMART Objectives.

http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/opi/qi/toolbox/objectives.ht
mlHow to Write SMART ObjectivesSpecificExample
ObjectiveMeasurableKey TermsExample ObjectiveTime-
BoundExample ObjectiveAchievableExample
ObjectiveRelevantExample ObjectiveDifferent Ways to Write
SMART ObjectivesAdditional Examples of SMART-er
ObjectivesFurther Resources, Courses, and Training
US health care system and Lagging Life expectancy
Joe-Anne McCormick
MHA616 Health Care Management Information Systems
Dr. Mohammad Bajwa
March 27, 2017
Life expectancy in the US keeps on faring ineffectively on the
planet in spite of various endeavors by the administration to
improve the US health part.
Despite being an economic powerhouse, the US has performed
ineffectively when contrasted with different nations that have a
much lesser economic control.
This paper will discuss variables that add to the US lagging Life
expectancy, and how these components can be overseen given

the implementation of the Affordable care Act.
Introduction
Life expectancy in the US continues to fare poorly in the world
despite numerous efforts by the government to improve the US
health sector. The government however, passed a billed that
seeks to bring to control the health care system to enable every
stakeholder in the industry receive fair treatment from all
players. Despite being aneconomic powerhouse, the US has
performed poorly as compared to other countries that have a
much lessereconomic power. A number of diseases and cultures
of Life have led to the country lagging in Life expectancy. This
paper will talk about factors that contribute to the US lagging
Life expectancy, and how these factors can be managed given
the implementation of the Affordable care Act.
2
Various reasons both medical and non-restorative have acquired
about Life expectancy the US.
Wrongdoing rates among the adolescent through weapon related
violations have ascended throughout the years to a disturbing
rate.
Inquire about demonstrates that weapon wrongdoing related
deaths in the US are higher than whatever other nation on the
planet. 2,028 deaths have been accounted for the nation over in
the year 2014 alone, in light of firearm related violations.
Discussion

A number of reasons both medical and non- medical have
brought about Life expectancy in the US. Crime rates among the
youth through gun related crimes have risen over the years to an
alarming rate. This forced the government to reconsider the use
of privately owned guns through gun control measures (Int'L, B.
P. U. 2013). Research shows that gun crime related deaths in
the US are higher than any other country in the world. 2,028
deaths have been reported across the country in the year 2014
alone, because of gun related crimes. This being statistics of
people of all ages from children to the old.
3
Disease has additionally killed many individuals both ladies and
kids.
The expanding rate in cervical cancer among ladies and prostate
cancer among men of a particular age has to a great extent been
related with these deaths .
The health care systems have not yet been orchestrated to have
the capacity to provide food for the necessities of the cancer
patients.
cancer has also claimed the lives of many people both women
and children. The increasing rate in cervical cancer among
women and prostate canc

er among men of a certain age has largely been associated with
these deaths. The health care systems have not yet been
harmonized to be able to cater for the needs of the cancer
patients. health insurance companies are not offering cover to
cancer patients given the high expense of cancer treatment
(Int'L, B. P. U. 2013). This has made it difficult for cancer
patients to access medical care because of lack of finances and
insurance covers. However, treatment of cancer has widely been
viewed as a disease that only the rich can afford to pay for, due
to the financial load involved.
4
Sustenance culture of numerous Americans is for the most part
focused on garbage nourishments and handled sustenance.
Way of Life propensities like liquor utilization, cigarette
smoking and medication manhandle and overdose have likewise
recorded deaths and this presently can't seem to be put under
control.
Numerous deaths brought on by intoxicated driving, medicate
overdose, suicides, and lung cancer that accompany intense
tobacco utilize.
Nutrition culture of many Americans is mostly centered on
junk foods and processed food. The health care department,
given the high risks of obesity and the medical conditions that
come with it, has not adequately emphasized on educating
people the benefits of healthy leaving. Heart problems and other
body problems are brought about by poor nutrition (Bialek,
Duffy, & Moran, 2009). Lifestyle habits like alcohol

consumption, cigarette smoking and drug abuse and overdose
have also recorded deaths and this has yet to be put under
control. Drug cartels still find their way through corrupt means
and keep selling drugs to minors. Minors indulge in alcohol use
and smoking despite the risks that come with the habit. Many
deaths caused by drunken driving, drug overdose, suicides, and
lung cancer that come with acute tobacco use.
The health care department has come up with ways through
which patient information can be handled and kept secure
through health care information systems. This is through the
Software Development LifeCycle.
5
Examination, where the need for security and storage of patient
data is recognized.
Plan, where the systems is made in a way that is easy to use and
passes all the security checks before it is taken off for utilize.
Execution, where the system is utilized by approved people in
the health care industry.
Testing, where the system ought to be tried for security, to
guarantee that patient data is not open to unapproved people.
Software Development LifeCycle
The health care department has come up with ways through
which patient information can be handled and kept secure
through health care information systems. This is through the
Software Development LifeCycle.

Analysis, where the need for security and storage of patient
information is identified. This is vital to enable authorized
medical practitioners access medical history and relevant
information of a patient from any part of the country (Driouchi,
2013). With different medical conditions, it is important for
every medical practitioner to have the medical history of their
patient. This is important to avoid miss-diagnosis and have
information on the health condition of a patient.
Design, where the systems is made in a way that is user friendly
and passes all the security checks before it is rolled out for use.
This is important to enable all health care practitioners easily
access information with ease, when need arises. It should be
made in a way that allows for time saving and ease of access.
implementation, where the system is used by authorized
individuals in the health care industry. They include insurance
companies, hospitals and the government. The system should
contain relevant provisions that suit the needs of the users.
Testing, where the system should be tested for security, to
ensure that patient information is not accessible to unauthorized
persons. It should also be tested to ensure that it is safe from
hacking or any attacks by viruses.
6
Advancement, where individuals are assigned with obligations,
of looking after the systems, once a day.
Evolution, where people are designated with duties, of
maintaining the systems, on a daily basis.
7

The system advancement is important to guarantee, its security
is ensured and answers any inquiries that may emerge from the
clients of the system.
This is through secure stockpiling of patient data, to be utilized
by the important and approved stakes holders in the business.
The medical specialists then again can access medical history of
their patients so as to manage revise treatment.
The system development is important to ensure, its security is
guaranteed and answers any questions that may arise from the
users of the system.
health information technology through health information
systems is developed to ensure that the quality of health care is
guaranteed (Driouchi, 2013). This is through secure storage of
patient information, to be used by the relevant and authorized
stakes holders in the industry. The health insurance providers
can access information of their client’s medical transactions in
order to make payments. The medical practitioners on the other
hand can access medical history of their patients in order to
administer correct treatment.
8
Requirement for controlling the lagging Life expectancy
emerges with the measurements that place the US at a low rate.
Result of the whole procedure is accomplished when deaths
that emerge from the previously mentioned causes are put at the

very least level.
Partner survey is likewise an important viewpoint in light of the
fact that the health care industry is controlled by numerous
players who together work distinctively to accomplish a shared
objective
Need for controlling the lagging Life expectancy arises with the
statistics that place the US at a very low rate (Driouchi, 2013).
Deaths that occur with crime, diseases and Lifestyle can be
identified at an early stage and measures put in place to control
their occurrence.
Outcome of the entire process is achieved when deaths that
arise from the above-mentioned causes are put at a minimum
level.
Stakeholder review is also an important aspect because the
health care industry is controlled by multiple players who
together work differently to achieve a common goal (Driouchi,
2013). Involvement of all stakeholders is important in order to
achieve the desired outcome.
9
The upsides and downsides of the procedure may incorporate
absence of partner responsibility and government goodwill.
The focal points are native support and contribution in the
process will be the greatest accomplishment in achieving the
coveted objectives.
The contrasting option to this is to campaign the US government

health Department, together with different partners and security
office to think of an approach to concoct measures that will
convey to a base the low Life expectancy issue.
Accomplishments to the procedure will be measured following a
five-year time span to choose whether the objectives set have
been achieved
With the level of a diminishing Life expectancy, a decision-
making criterion should be followed to come up with a way of
controlling the health care problems.
Need for controlling the lagging Life expectancy arises with the
statistics that place the US at a very low rate (Driouchi, 2013).
Deaths that occur with crime, diseases and Lifestyle can be
identified at an early stage and measures put in place to control
their occurrence.
Outcome of the entire process is achieved when deaths that
arise from the above-mentioned causes are put at a minimum
level.
Stakeholder review is also an important aspect because the
health care industry is controlled by multiple players who
together work differently to achieve a common goal (Driouchi,
2013). Involvement of all stakeholders is important in order to
achieve the desired outcome.
The pros and cons of the process may include lack of
stakeholder commitment and government goodwill. The
advantages are citizen participation and involvement in the
process will be the biggest achievement in attaining the desired
goals.
The alternative to this is to lobby the US government health
Department, together with other stakeholders and security
department to come up with a way to come up with measures

that will bring to a minimum the low Life expectancy problem.
Achievements to the process will be measured after a five-year
period to decide whether the goals set have been attained
(Driouchi, 2013). This will also act as a scorecard for decision
making on what should be reviewed and what should remain the
same.
The health care leader should play the role of ensuring that all
the goals set are met in the given time period. They should also
act as the channel through which every stakeholder in the
industry communicates. The leader should also ensure that
every stakeholder adheres to the rules and regulations set for
the process. He or she should set the targets for every
stakeholder and ensure that they all agree towards working on
the same.
10
Setting up an agenda that will assist the CQI team to use data to
identify issues and plan for adequate improvement.
Providing information ahead of time and that can easily, be
interpreted by the CQI team.
Collection of participant feedback, and secure record keeping of
the data in digital files, that can be used in case of future need.
The CQI teams use collected data to select areas that require
improvement by identifying measures of progress and
development and implement further improvement plans.
Goals of the Continuous Quality improvement
The goals of the Continuous Quality improvement of the project
include

Setting up an agenda that will assist the CQI team to use data to
identify issues and plan for adequate improvement.
Providing information ahead of time and that can easily, be
interpreted by the CQI team.
Collection of participant feedback, and secure record keeping of
the data in digital files, that can be used in case of future need.
The CQI teams use collected data to select areas that require
improvement by identifying measures of progress and
development and implement further improvement plans.
11
The administration likewise gives enactment under the law that
represents operations f each partner in the health care industry.
It gives laws that secure patient data protection.
Each partner works under an arrangement of principles gave by
the health care act that tries to guarantee that the privileges of
each player are ensured
The government also provides legislation under the law that
governs operations f every stakeholder in the health care
industry. It provides laws that protect patient information
privacy. Every stakeholder operates under a set of rules
provided by the health care act that seeks to ensure that the
rights of every player are protected (Driouchi, 2013). In case
there is a violation of any set rules and regulations, the law
provides monetary penalties for the individuals found culpable

12
Prepare objective, where the health care foundations, ought to
offer instruction on the importance and advantages of healthy
nourishment.
Affect objective, where each patient, after receiving cancer
screening, or exhortation on healthy living, can utilize the data
to improve his or her health status.
Result targets, where with every one of the measures set up, and
regulations implemented, Life expectancy should improve in a
traverse of 5 years.
Recommendation
Process objective, where the health care institutions, should
offer education on the importance and benefits of healthy
nutrition. The government should put up measures to control
gun use and also drug abuse and sale. Free cancer screening for
prostate and cervical cancer should be introduced and
implemented to enable early detection of the disease. The
government should make it affordable for citizens to be able to
acquire cover on diseases like cancer that most health insurance
companies do not offer.
impact objective, where every patient, after receiving cancer
screening, or advice on healthy living, is able to use the
information to improve his or her health status. The government
putting gun control measures and tough laws on drug abuse can
reduce the deaths that arise from these causes reduced over
time.
Outcome objectives, where with all the measures put in place,
and regulations implemented, Life expectancy should improve

in a span of 5 years. This is possible through participation of
both the government, and every American citizen. Sensitization
of drug enforcement on the effects of corrupt involvement will
reduce the activities of the drug cartels in the society.
13
The Affordable care Act implemented by the US government
will perform well if every one of the partners in the health care
industry cooperate to accomplish a shared objective.
With the introduction of health care Information systems,
patient care is improved because of the safe stockpiling of
patient data.
Conclusion
will perform well if all the stakeholders in the health care
industry work together to achieve a common goal. With the
introduction of health care Information systems, patient care is
improved due to the secure storage of patient information. The
health care Information systems have also made it possible for
medical practitioners to access patient information from any
part of the country. In case of a breach in privacy of patient
information, relevant departments are tasked with the mandate
of issuing monetary penalties under provisions of the law.
Incorporation and involvement of every stakeholder in the
management of the health care industry will lead to a significant
improvement in the US lagging Life expectancy.

14
The health care Information systems have likewise made it
conceivable for medical professionals to get to patient data from
any piece of the nation.
If there should arise an occurrence of a rupture in protection of
patient data, applicable divisions are entrusted with the
command of issuing money related punishments under Sections
of the law.
will perform well if all the stakeholders in the health care
industry work together to achieve a common goal. With the
introduction of health care Information systems, patient care is
improved due to the secure storage of patient information. The
health care Information systems have also made it possible for
medical practitioners to access patient information from any
part of the country. In case of a breach in privacy of patient
information, relevant departments are tasked with the mandate
of issuing monetary penalties under provisions of the law.
Incorporation and involvement of every stakeholder in the
management of the health care industry will lead to a significant
improvement in the US lagging Life expectancy.
15
Ventures embraced by each partner will assume a major part in
improving the health care system.
Satisfactory instruction and preparing of patients on health

matters will also improve the health care system as far as limit
building.
Driouchi, A. (2013). ICTs for health, education, and
socioeconomic policies
Bialek, R. G., Duffy, G. L., & Moran, J. W. (2009). The public
health quality improvement handbook.
Int'L, B. P. U. (2013). United States health care sector
organization, management and payment systems handbook.
McLaughlin, C. P., & Kaluzny, A. D. (2006). Continuous
quality improvement in health care.
References

Running Head INITIAL PROPOSAL1INITIAL PROPOSAL6.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Running Head INITIAL PROPOSAL1INITIAL PROPOSAL6.docx

Similar to Running Head INITIAL PROPOSAL1INITIAL PROPOSAL6.docx (20)

More from cowinhelen

More from cowinhelen (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Running Head INITIAL PROPOSAL1INITIAL PROPOSAL6.docx