Running head: COURSE PROJECT - DEPRESSION 1 COURSE PROJECT - DEPRESSION 3 Course Project - Depression Course Project - Depression My topic of choice for the course project has been depression. Depression is a topic that hits home because I have battled with it in my past, and I have also had family plagued by the same issues. It is a wide issue throughout the United States and even though there are many medications and therapy solutions, there are many people that still suffer from depression on a daily basis. Although there have been many studies on depression in human beings, it is not yet known the exact cause. Many different factors may be involved, such as biological differences, inherited traits, hormones and brain chemistry to name a few. There is some evidence that one etiology of depression is inherited according to the Mayo Clinic, as depression is more common in individuals who're biological family members also suffer from some type of depression. Another suspect of depression is a person's environment. It is believed that there is a possible link between depression patients and their physical environment. Such situations would include highly stressful situations such as the death of a loved one, loss of a job or other financial difficulties that have an impact on individuals. According to the US Surgeon General, other factors that have an impact on developing depression include having been neglected as a child, sexual and physical abuse either as a child or in adulthood and other types of maltreatment that affects the development of adult emotional health. The research that I conducted on depression was not shedding any light on specific damage to cells, organs or tissues; however, they are still affected adversely by the symptoms of depression. Some symptoms of depression include, but are not limited to, loss of appetite or overeating, tiredness and lack of energy, and sleep disturbances. If we take a closer look at the effects of our tissues, cells and organs by under eating or overeating, we will see signs of weight loss or gain. Overeating, for example, can negative affect a person's joints and organs. This can eventually lead to complications in the body such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke or gallbladder disease, all potentially deadly. Another symptom or sign of depression is a lack of sleep, tiredness or sleep disturbances. These symptoms again can lead to issues such as impaired brain activity and cognitive dysfunction. With impaired brain activity and cognitive dysfunction, your central nervous system is disrupted. Your central nervous system is the information highway of your body. Without sleep, your brain is unable to rest, which leaves the brain exhausted and it is unable to perform well. The biggest issue with organ damage caused by depression is heart disease. Depression has been linked to an increased risk to conditions such as heart diseas ...

1. Running head: COURSE PROJECT - DEPRESSION 1
COURSE PROJECT - DEPRESSION 3
Course Project - Depression
Course Project - Depression
My topic of choice for the course project has been
depression. Depression is a topic that hits home because I have
battled with it in my past, and I have also had family plagued by
the same issues. It is a wide issue throughout the United States
and even though there are many medications and therapy
solutions, there are many people that still suffer from
depression on a daily basis.
Although there have been many studies on depression in

2. human beings, it is not yet known the exact cause. Many
different factors may be involved, such as biological
differences, inherited traits, hormones and brain chemistry to
name a few. There is some evidence that one etiology of
depression is inherited according to the Mayo Clinic, as
depression is more common in individuals who're biological
family members also suffer from some type of depression.
Another suspect of depression is a person's environment. It is
believed that there is a possible link between depression
patients and their physical environment. Such situations would
include highly stressful situations such as the death of a loved
one, loss of a job or other financial difficulties that have an
impact on individuals. According to the US Surgeon General,
other factors that have an impact on developing depression
include having been neglected as a child, sexual and physical
abuse either as a child or in adulthood and other types of
maltreatment that affects the development of adult emotional
health.
The research that I conducted on depression was not
shedding any light on specific damage to cells, organs or
tissues; however, they are still affected adversely by the
symptoms of depression. Some symptoms of depression
include, but are not limited to, loss of appetite or overeating,
tiredness and lack of energy, and sleep disturbances. If we take
a closer look at the effects of our tissues, cells and organs by
under eating or overeating, we will see signs of weight loss or
gain. Overeating, for example, can negative affect a person's
joints and organs. This can eventually lead to complications in
the body such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease,
stroke or gallbladder disease, all potentially deadly.
Another symptom or sign of depression is a lack of sleep,
tiredness or sleep disturbances. These symptoms again can lead
to issues such as impaired brain activity and cognitive
dysfunction. With impaired brain activity and cognitive
dysfunction, your central nervous system is disrupted. Your
central nervous system is the information highway of your body.

3. Without sleep, your brain is unable to rest, which leaves the
brain exhausted and it is unable to perform well.
The biggest issue with organ damage caused by depression
is heart disease. Depression has been linked to an increased
risk to conditions such as heart disease. Individuals with
depression can experience changes in their nervous system and
hormonal balance, which can make their chances higher for a
heart rhythm disturbance, or arrhythmia, to occur. Also, people
with depression may have uncommonly sticky platelets that can
accelerate atherosclerosis in patients with heart disease.
Depression can be controlled with multiple therapies and
medications. Another tool to lowering a person's chances of
being affected by depression would be a healthy, balanced diet
companied by regular exercise. It is incredibly important for
anyone suffering from any level of depression to seek help to
ward off any of these other effects that can accompany
depression.
References
Biegler, P. (2011). The ethical treatment of depression
autonomy through psychotherapy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT
Press.
Depression Physical Effects: Weight Gain, Fatigue, Pain,
Insomnia. (n.d.). Retrieved July 26, 2015.
Langille, D., Asbridge, M., Kisely, S., & Wilson, K. (n.d.). Risk
of depression and multiple sexual risk-taking behaviours in
adolescents in Nova Scotia, Canada. Sexual Health Sex. Heal.,
254-254.
Wasserman, D. (2011). Depression (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford
University Press.

4. Title:
Why business should speak out on immigrant workers. By:
Hoyt, Joshua, Crain's Chicago Business, 01496956, 5/10/2004,
Vol. 27, Issue 19
Database:
Regional Business News
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Why business should speak out on immigrant workers
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Section:
OPINION
President George W. Bush in January announced his principles
for a temporary worker program and regularization of the status
of some of the nation's 7 million to 11 million undocumented
immigrants. Democrats responded with legislation by Sen.
Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts and Rep. Luis Gutierrez of
Chicago. And the partisan race is on for the increasingly
important Latino vote in November.
The issue is of deep interest to Illinois' business community,
which should make itself heard.
• Undocumented immigrants play an important
economic role: There are some 500,000 undocumented
immigrants in Illinois. They fill critical low-wage labor needs.
Our agricultural, manufacturing, restaurant, tourism, health care

5. and service industries would grind to a halt without them. We
can continue to turn a hypocritical blind eye to the obvious, or
address real world problems pragmatically.
• Immigration policies that respect the market demand
for labor will restore the rule of law in the U.S.: Inflexible
immigration policies result in massive flows of illegal labor,
with both workers and employers complicit in the hypocrisy.
The Illinois economy is global. Over 94% of the net labor-force
growth in the Chicago area during the 1990s was attributable to
immigrant workers.
Reform will facilitate the movement of skilled workers and
business professionals to meet market needs, create a legal flow
of temporary workers with strong labor protections and allow
the vast underground of hard-working undocumented workers to
come out of the shadows.
• Legalization will unleash the economic potential of
Illinois' immigrant communities: Chicago's banking community
was shocked by the influx of $100 million in immigrant savings
in the few short years since banks began accepting the
"matricula consular" (consular ID) issued by the Mexican
government to its foreign nationals in the U.S. Several weeks
ago, Crain's wrote about the thriving market in home mortgages
for the undocumented, despite the lack of a secondary market.
The entrepreneurial engine of the Mexican-American
community in Chicago, the 26th Street business district, pays
the second-highest amount of sales tax after the Magnificent
Mile along North Michigan Avenue.
• Security: There is a tiny group of people who would
enter this country to hurt us. The existence of large,
increasingly sophisticated networks of smugglers of human
beings and purveyors of false IDs, serving millions of
undocumented who want only to work, is bad for national
security. Legalization will reduce the demand for human
smuggling and false IDs.
• The moral imperative: I come from a tradition of
Catholic business people who take their faith seriously. Many in

6. the business community would agree that it is a moral outrage
that we have ended up with a large underground of vulnerable
workers and children, where a family of four earns on average
$10,000 less a year than legal workers. It may be very
convenient to have these people cleaning our homes, caring for
our children and cutting our grass on the cheap, with no
prospect of bettering their lives. But a sense of right and wrong,
as much as economic and security imperatives, is a fine reason
for the business community to speak out on this issue.
Title:
Illegal aliens cost California billions By: Jerry Seper,
Washington Times, The (DC), 07328494, Dec 07, 2004
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Illegal aliens cost California billions
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Education tops list in new study
Section: NATION, pg. A08
Illegal immigration costs the taxpayers of California - which
has the highest number of illegal aliens nationwide - $10.5
billion a year for education, health care and incarceration,

7. according to a study released yesterday.
A key finding of the report by the Federation for American
Immigration Reform (FAIR) said the state's already struggling
kindergarten-through-12th-grade education system spends $7.7
billion a year on children of illegal aliens, who constitute 15
percent of the student body.
The report also said the incarceration of convicted illegal aliens
in state prisons and jails and uncompensated medical outlays for
health care provided to illegal aliens each amounted to about
$1.4 billion annually. The incarceration costs did not include
judicial expenditures or the monetary costs of the crimes
committed by illegal aliens that led to their incarceration.
"California's addiction to 'cheap' illegal-alien labor is
bankrupting the state and posing enormous burdens on the
state's shrinking middle-class tax base," said FAIR President
Dan Stein.
"Most Californians, who have seen their taxes increase while
public services deteriorate, already know the impact that mass
illegal immigration is having on their communities, but even
they may be shocked when they learn just how much of a drain
illegal immigration has become," he said.
California is estimated to be home to nearly 3 million illegal
aliens.
Mr. Stein noted that state and local taxes paid by the
unauthorized immigrant population go toward offsetting these
costs, but do not match expenses. The total of such payments
was estimated in the report to be about $1.6 billion per year.
He also said the total cost of illegal immigration to the state's
taxpayers would be considerably higher if other cost areas, such
as special English instruction, school meal programs or welfare
benefits for American workers displaced by illegal-alien
workers were added into the equation.
Gerardo Gonzalez, director of the National Latino Research
Center at California State at San Marcos, which compiles data
on Hispanics, was critical of FAIR's report yesterday. He said
FAIR's estimates did not measure some of the contributions that

8. illegal aliens make to the state's economy.
"Beyond taxes, these workers' production and spending
contribute to California's economy, especially the agricultural
sector," he said, adding that both legal and illegal aliens are the
"backbone" of the state's $28 billion-a-year agricultural
industry.
In August, a similar study by the Center for Immigration
Studies in Washington, said U.S. households headed by illegal
aliens used $26.3 billion in government services during 2002,
but paid $16 billion in taxes, an annual cost to taxpayers of $10
billion.
The FAIR report focused on three specific program areas
because those were the costs examined by researchers from the
Urban Institute in 1994, Mr. Stein said. Looking at the costs of
education, health care and incarceration for illegal aliens in
1994, the Urban Institute estimated that California was
subsidizing illegal immigrants at about $1.1 billion a year.
Mr. Stein said an enormous rise in the costs of illegal
immigrants in 10 years is because of the rapid growth of the
illegal population. He said it is reasonable to expect those costs
to continue to soar if action is not taken to turn the tide.
"1994 was the same year that California voters rebelled and
overwhelmingly passed Proposition 187, which sought to limit
liability for mass illegal immigration," he said. "Since then,
state and local governments have blatantly ignored the wishes
of the voters and continued to shell out publicly financed
benefits on illegal aliens.
"Predictably, the costs of illegal immigration have grown
geometrically, while the state has spiraled into a fiscal crisis
that has brought it near bankruptcy," he said.
Mr. Stein said that the state must adopt measures to
systematically collect information on illegal-alien use of
taxpayer-funded services and on where they are employed, and
that policies need to be pursued to hold employers financially
accountable.
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Washington Times Corp. All rights reserved.
Running head: DEPRESSION
1
DEPRESSION
5
Depression
Depression
Depression is a disorder that causes a persistent feeling of
sadness ad loss of interest in things that a person once enjoyed.
It affects how a person feels, thinks or behave and overall the
sense of well-being (Costello, 1993). Signs and symptoms of
depression vary widely among people. The symptoms persist for

10. a long period and can interfere social and family life. Different
people will have different sign and symptoms, and they include:
· Persistent feeling of sadness, hopelessness, tearfulness or
emptiness. This the feeling that the situations cannot be
changed and thing are not going to be better no matter what.
· The loss of interest in daily activities that one used to like. It
loss in pressure for normal activities such as sex or sport.
· Sleep abnormalities that come either as insomnia or
hypersomnia
· Weight abnormalities or appetite loss. It entails a significant
loss in weight or gains in weight over a short period. A loss of
appetite also indicates depression.
· Getting frustrated or angry over the small matter. It is
whereby the victim feels agitated or restless and get violent
over a non-issue.
· A poor concentration that cause trouble in focusing, making
decisions and poor memory. Epitomized by slowed speaking,
thinking or movement.
Several strategies can be used to prevent depression, especially
by good health habits. Healthy diet improves blood circulation
and reduces inflammation effects on the victim’s body.
Treatment option depends on the type of depression that a
person have (Souery et al, 2006). Depression may be treated by
putting the patient on medication. It is whereby the patient is
prescribed to antidepressant. Anti-depressant are known to work
on brain chemicals called neurotransmitters that are involved in
regulating mood.
A combination of anti-depressants and therapy is also used to
treat depression. There are different types of depression
therapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy and counselling.
Cognitive behavioral theory helps people with depression
restructure negative thought patterns and helps them to
recognize the causes of depression. Counseling entails talking
about the problems and feeling to a counselor in a confidential
environment.
In addition, it is evident that training and exercising ease

11. depressions. Souery et al (2006) argued that training makes the
body to release feel-good brain chemicals such as
neurotransmitters that reduces depression. Exercising helps the
body to release immune system chemicals whose accumulation
worsen depression. Regular exercise boost self-confidence, take
away the worries and increase socialization.
Short-term effects of depression include fatigue. Fatigue results
from low energy levels in the blood due to poor feeding habits
(Fournier et al, 2010). Fatigue also arise from the accumulation
of immune system chemicals and low production of brain
chemical such as neurotransmitters, which make the brain relax.
Furthermore, depression causes a loss of interest in life. Evident
when a person with depression lacks an enthusiasm for
activities that they liked in the past. People with depression
often they suffer from loneliness because they feel sidelined and
isolated from the normal life and always troubled with
expressing their affection. Also, they seem uninterested in
personal hygiene and often succumb to lack of enthusiasm and
energy by oversleeping to escape the stress.
In the long term, people with depressions experience a drop in
memory, making it easier to forget things quickly. Moreover,
there are cases of weight gain leading to obesity due to
overeating or malnutrition from not eating enough food. People
with depression get weakened the immune system that makes
them vulnerable to diseases (Fournier et al, 2010). Depression
victim experiences a sexual problem. Men may experience
erectile dysfunction, the decline in sexual desire and difficulties
in ejaculation. On the other hand, women are unable to achieve
orgasm or delayed orgasm and just find sex boring. Depression
also causes chronic aches and pains or worst, suicide.

12. References
Costello, C. G. (Ed.). (1993). Symptoms of depression (Vol.
172). New York: Wiley.
Fournier, J. C., DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Dimidjian, S.,
Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., & Fawcett, J. (2010).
Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-
level meta-analysis. Jama, 303(1), 47-53.
Souery, D., Papakostas, G. I., & Trivedi, M. H. (2006).
Treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,
67, 16.