Running head: CANCER 1
CANCER 2
Cancer
Amy L Joyner
Liberty University
Abstract
Cancer is a group of related diseases. It starts by continuously division without stopping of cells. The dividing cells then spread to other tissues that are nearby. Cancer can begin anywhere in the body of humans. The cells of humans always divide and grow to form new ones since the body is in need of them. This paper has the aim of giving a description of cancer, current statistics with regard to this problem, symptoms of cancer, its causes, its intervention or treatment, and biblical perspective of cancer.
Description of Cancer
Cancer is a name that has been assigned to a group of related diseases. In all the types of cancer that have been discovered, the cells of the body start to divide continuously without stopping. The dividing cells then spread to other tissues that are nearby. Usually, cancer begins anywhere in the body of human being, and this is composed of trillions of cells. The cells of human always divide and grow to form new ones since the body is in need of them. Cells usually die while new ones take the place of the ones that die or get damaged (De Pauw, 2008). However, the development of cancer interferes with this orderly process. This is by cells becoming more abnormal. The cells that are damaged survive instead of dying. Also, the new cells begin to be formed even when they are not required (Appendix 1). The extra cells formed even when not required may continue with the process of division without stopping, hence causing growth referred to as a tumor. The solid tumor may result from many cancers, and it is a mass of tissues. But there are cancers that do not form a solid tumor. This is cancer of the blood, such as leukemia (De Pauw, 2008).
Cancerous tumors are malevolent. This means that they spread or invade tissues that are nearby. Moreover, with the continuous growth of the tumor, some cells may break off and move to others parts of the body far from the original tumor to form a new tumor (Bojesen et al., 2013). The cells that break off may move through the lymph or blood system. Apart from the malevolent or malignant tumor, there is a benign tumor. The benign tumor does not spread or invade tissues that are nearby. There are times that this form of the tumor may be a bit large (Bojesen et al., 2013). The good thing with this tumor is that it does not grow back when removed. A malignant tumor has a tendency of growing back. One type of benign tumor that is threatening is the benign brain tumor (Bojesen et al., 2013).
Cancer can be classified into many types. There are approximately more than one hundred types of cancer. The names given to cancers are as a result of the parts of the body whe ...
This document provides an overview of cancer including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis and classification. It discusses how cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells that can invade other tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The main symptoms of cancer depend on its location and may include lumps, sores, weight loss and pain. Cancers are classified into five categories including carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias and adenomas. Doctors use tests such as biopsies, imaging and blood tests to diagnose cancer. The document also examines environmental and lifestyle factors that can cause cancer, such as chemicals, diet, infections and radiation.
Running head: SPEECH 1
SPEECH 7
Speech
South College
April Moore
Blake Bancroft
COM1261
October 27, 2019
Speech about Cancer
Introduction
Cancer is currently a major issue globally. Cancer is the leading cause of death in many countries today (Zaorsky et al, 2016). This is because many types of cancers affect individuals. Many countries are considering declaring cancer as a national disaster (Zaorsky et al, 2016). It affects all individuals whether male or female, old or young, active or inactive, and slim or overweight. There is no guarantee for an individual that he/she cannot get cancer. Every person, therefore, is at high risk of getting cancer. However, there are some things you can do to protect yourself. This will help you to lower the risks of getting cancer. This speech, therefore, seeks to highlight more about the major causes of cancer, signs and symptoms and the measures which you can put in place to protect yourself.
Body
As an individual may be many questions have been puzzling in your mind and you try to ask yourself how cancer develops. Maybe you have been asking yourself such kinds of questions now and then and you have not been getting any answer. There may be a growth of abnormal cells in the body. This particular growth of abnormal cells in the body may be uncontrollable. These abnormal cells become cancerous, develop and become cancer cells. Cancer cells will develop as a result of DNA being permanently damaged (Guy Jr et al, 2016). Cancer cells will continue developing until it forms tumors. Cancer develops in a body via some stages.
After cancer cells develop in a certain tissue of the body, it spreads throughout the body. Cancer cells spread rapidly throughout the body. If all body cells are replaced by the cancer cells, then the body will no longer be functioning well. This will expose an individual to a greater risk of death. Cancer cells also replace normal tissues. It is important to note that cancer will be named by the place it started in the body. For example, if the cancer cells started developing in the lungs, it will be named lung cancer. On the other hand, if cancer starts in the colon, then it will be referred to as colon cancer.
There are several signs and symptoms of cancer. The symptoms and signs of cancer are noticeable. Some of the signs and symptoms that you may identify and you should let your doctor check are many. Examples include a lump on any part of your body, changes in your body skin, cough and change in the bowel that last for several weeks, blood in the urine, coughing out blood and a sudden huge loss in weight (Tang et al, 2016). If you observe any of these signs, you should immediately pay a visit to your doctor. I advise you not to ig ...
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and can affect people of any age. It occurs when cells copy their contents and form new cells that can spread to other parts of the body through metastasis. Some causes of cancer include tobacco, radiation, chemicals, viruses, and diets low in fruits and vegetables. Common cancer types are breast, brain, leukemia, testicular, mesothelioma, and lung cancer. While there is no cure for cancer, treatments include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, but these can also harm normal cells. Finding effective treatments is an ongoing challenge due to cancer's diversity and ability to evade the body's defenses.
Running head YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT1YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT2.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT 1
YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT 2
You Are What You Eat
Awesome Doctor
West Coast University
Abstract
Scientist have found evidence that life with cancer can be extended and certain cancers can be prevented by changing dietary habits. People who are influenced by western society and maintain a western diet are in great danger if nothing is done to limit the intake of meat and consumption of process meats. New dietary guidelines are released every 5 years by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the department of Health and Human Services. Both organizations are responsible for reviewing clinical evidence and reports from research, and creating new dietary guidelines for consumers to follow. Critics of the new guidelines argue that the USDA has censored the recommendations to eat less red meat in such a way that only the food corporations funding the research receive benefits. Cancer is caused by multiple factors but mainly from exposure to carcinogens and mutations in DNA. Carcinogens either promote cancer growth or initiate cancer growth. Certain risk factors have been associated with the development of cancers. Air pollution, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, occupational hazards, exposure to radiation, and certain aspects of diet are all risk factors liked to be carcinogenic. The carcinogenic links in diet have been attracting a lot of attention in the scientific community. Scientist working with the national cancer institute, under the national institute of health, have been working together to verify the relationship between consuming meat and processed foods, and the development or progression of cancer. The national cancer institute’s division of cancer prevention, conducted a two-year study that divided 200 people into 2 groups that were diagnosed with colorectal cancer within 3 to 6 months of the study. The control group maintained their normal diet that included eating meat and processed foods while the experimental group eliminated meat and processed foods and maintained a strict vegetarian diet for the life of the experiment. The experiments objective was to test the correlation between meat consumption and the effects of colorectal cancer. The funding assisted with the research needed to find subjects for the study and to transport them to and from facilities rented out to perform colonoscopy or CT scan procedures. Graphs were made to measure the rates of reoccurrence or metastasis. 72 of the 200 participants died during the 24-month long experiment. The participants from the control group suffered a loss of 42%, while the experimental group only lost 30% of its participants before the trial was over. Those who maintained a vegetarian diet displayed an additional 25% chance of not developing metastasis and 26% decrease in polyp reoccurrence. Participants in the study who maintained a vegetarian diet developed end stage cancer or metastasis at slower rates. The informatio ...
Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology and CarcinogenesisPUBH 6.docxbagotjesusa
Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis
PUBH 6550/8550
Chronic Disease Epidemiology
1
Cancer is a term describing malignant diseases. Cancer should not be thought of as a single disease but rather a group of diseases which may have many characteristics in common but not necessarily the same causative agents, etiology or molecular profiles. In general, cancer defines diseases that have the capacity to invade surrounding normal tissue, metastasize (spread to distant sites) and kill the host in which it originates.
Objectives
What is the definition of cancer?
Benign vs. Malignant
Most common cancer types in men and women
Learn how to obtain cancer-related data using Internet sources
Understand cancer staging
Understand the basics of how carcinogenesis occurs
Describe inherited cancer syndromes
2
Causation and Cancer
Examples of Identified Causes and
Future Efforts in Cancer Prevention
Tobacco use and lung cancer
Infectious agents (e.g., HPV) and cervical cancer
Ionizing radiation and leukemia
Designation of a risk factor as “causal” has been the starting point for initiating cancer prevention programs based on reducing exposure to the risk factor
4
4
The concept of causation has long had a central role in the application of epidemiologic evidence for controlling cancer. Designation of a risk factor as “causal” has been the starting point for initiating cancer prevention programs based on reducing exposure to the risk factor. Though the concept of causation remains a matter of continuing discussion, use of the term in public health implies that the evidence supporting causality of association has reached a critical threshold of certainty and that reduced exposure can be expected to be followed by reduced disease occurrence. In other words, if there is “enough” evidence supporting a particular risk factor (or a preventive or prognostic factor), it seems to be considered ‘causal’. Keep in mind, though, that risk factor is the most proper term.
What is cancer?
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death.
Characteristics: Abnormality, Uncontrollability, invasiveness
5
5
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death. Although cancer is often referred to as a single condition, it actually consists of more than 100 different diseases. These diseases are characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer can arise in many sites and behave differently depending on its organ of origin. Breast cancer, for example, has different characteristics than lung cancer. It is important to understand that cancer originating in one body organ takes its characteristics with it even if it spreads to another part of the body. For example, metastatic br.
This document provides an overview of cancer, including its causes, prevalence, treatments, and impacts. It discusses that cancer has numerous causes ranging from genetics to environment. There are many different types of cancer that affect cells' growth and division. Adolescents and adults experience different common types of cancer due to factors like exposure time to environmental hazards. Cancer treatments can cause physical impairments that impact quality of life. Both adolescents and adults experience emotional distress and stress from cancer's impacts on independence, education/work, roles and finances. Support from family, friends and healthcare teams is very important for cancer patients.
This document discusses cancer at a high level. It defines cancer as abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that can form tumors. There are over 200 types of cancer that can start in any body tissue. Cancer is caused by multiple factors and involves genetic mutations that disrupt normal cell growth and death. The main types of cancer are carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias. Diagnosis methods include biopsies and imaging, while treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted/immunotherapies. Prevention strategies encompass reducing tobacco use, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding environmental carcinogens.
This document provides information on the assessment and management of cancer patients. It begins with learning objectives related to describing cancer incidence and mortality rates, the biology and stages of cancer development, and the nurse's role in cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment. It then covers definitions of cancer, the origins and types of cancer cells, the biology of cancer development including defective cell proliferation and differentiation. The document discusses cancer staging and classification systems including TNM and the stages of cancer development. It also outlines common signs and symptoms of cancer, diagnostic tests, and the main goals and treatment modalities of cancer including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, palliative care, nuclear medicine, and interventional radiology.
This document provides an overview of cancer including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis and classification. It discusses how cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells that can invade other tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The main symptoms of cancer depend on its location and may include lumps, sores, weight loss and pain. Cancers are classified into five categories including carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias and adenomas. Doctors use tests such as biopsies, imaging and blood tests to diagnose cancer. The document also examines environmental and lifestyle factors that can cause cancer, such as chemicals, diet, infections and radiation.
Running head: SPEECH 1
SPEECH 7
Speech
South College
April Moore
Blake Bancroft
COM1261
October 27, 2019
Speech about Cancer
Introduction
Cancer is currently a major issue globally. Cancer is the leading cause of death in many countries today (Zaorsky et al, 2016). This is because many types of cancers affect individuals. Many countries are considering declaring cancer as a national disaster (Zaorsky et al, 2016). It affects all individuals whether male or female, old or young, active or inactive, and slim or overweight. There is no guarantee for an individual that he/she cannot get cancer. Every person, therefore, is at high risk of getting cancer. However, there are some things you can do to protect yourself. This will help you to lower the risks of getting cancer. This speech, therefore, seeks to highlight more about the major causes of cancer, signs and symptoms and the measures which you can put in place to protect yourself.
Body
As an individual may be many questions have been puzzling in your mind and you try to ask yourself how cancer develops. Maybe you have been asking yourself such kinds of questions now and then and you have not been getting any answer. There may be a growth of abnormal cells in the body. This particular growth of abnormal cells in the body may be uncontrollable. These abnormal cells become cancerous, develop and become cancer cells. Cancer cells will develop as a result of DNA being permanently damaged (Guy Jr et al, 2016). Cancer cells will continue developing until it forms tumors. Cancer develops in a body via some stages.
After cancer cells develop in a certain tissue of the body, it spreads throughout the body. Cancer cells spread rapidly throughout the body. If all body cells are replaced by the cancer cells, then the body will no longer be functioning well. This will expose an individual to a greater risk of death. Cancer cells also replace normal tissues. It is important to note that cancer will be named by the place it started in the body. For example, if the cancer cells started developing in the lungs, it will be named lung cancer. On the other hand, if cancer starts in the colon, then it will be referred to as colon cancer.
There are several signs and symptoms of cancer. The symptoms and signs of cancer are noticeable. Some of the signs and symptoms that you may identify and you should let your doctor check are many. Examples include a lump on any part of your body, changes in your body skin, cough and change in the bowel that last for several weeks, blood in the urine, coughing out blood and a sudden huge loss in weight (Tang et al, 2016). If you observe any of these signs, you should immediately pay a visit to your doctor. I advise you not to ig ...
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and can affect people of any age. It occurs when cells copy their contents and form new cells that can spread to other parts of the body through metastasis. Some causes of cancer include tobacco, radiation, chemicals, viruses, and diets low in fruits and vegetables. Common cancer types are breast, brain, leukemia, testicular, mesothelioma, and lung cancer. While there is no cure for cancer, treatments include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, but these can also harm normal cells. Finding effective treatments is an ongoing challenge due to cancer's diversity and ability to evade the body's defenses.
Running head YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT1YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT2.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT 1
YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT 2
You Are What You Eat
Awesome Doctor
West Coast University
Abstract
Scientist have found evidence that life with cancer can be extended and certain cancers can be prevented by changing dietary habits. People who are influenced by western society and maintain a western diet are in great danger if nothing is done to limit the intake of meat and consumption of process meats. New dietary guidelines are released every 5 years by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the department of Health and Human Services. Both organizations are responsible for reviewing clinical evidence and reports from research, and creating new dietary guidelines for consumers to follow. Critics of the new guidelines argue that the USDA has censored the recommendations to eat less red meat in such a way that only the food corporations funding the research receive benefits. Cancer is caused by multiple factors but mainly from exposure to carcinogens and mutations in DNA. Carcinogens either promote cancer growth or initiate cancer growth. Certain risk factors have been associated with the development of cancers. Air pollution, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, occupational hazards, exposure to radiation, and certain aspects of diet are all risk factors liked to be carcinogenic. The carcinogenic links in diet have been attracting a lot of attention in the scientific community. Scientist working with the national cancer institute, under the national institute of health, have been working together to verify the relationship between consuming meat and processed foods, and the development or progression of cancer. The national cancer institute’s division of cancer prevention, conducted a two-year study that divided 200 people into 2 groups that were diagnosed with colorectal cancer within 3 to 6 months of the study. The control group maintained their normal diet that included eating meat and processed foods while the experimental group eliminated meat and processed foods and maintained a strict vegetarian diet for the life of the experiment. The experiments objective was to test the correlation between meat consumption and the effects of colorectal cancer. The funding assisted with the research needed to find subjects for the study and to transport them to and from facilities rented out to perform colonoscopy or CT scan procedures. Graphs were made to measure the rates of reoccurrence or metastasis. 72 of the 200 participants died during the 24-month long experiment. The participants from the control group suffered a loss of 42%, while the experimental group only lost 30% of its participants before the trial was over. Those who maintained a vegetarian diet displayed an additional 25% chance of not developing metastasis and 26% decrease in polyp reoccurrence. Participants in the study who maintained a vegetarian diet developed end stage cancer or metastasis at slower rates. The informatio ...
Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology and CarcinogenesisPUBH 6.docxbagotjesusa
Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis
PUBH 6550/8550
Chronic Disease Epidemiology
1
Cancer is a term describing malignant diseases. Cancer should not be thought of as a single disease but rather a group of diseases which may have many characteristics in common but not necessarily the same causative agents, etiology or molecular profiles. In general, cancer defines diseases that have the capacity to invade surrounding normal tissue, metastasize (spread to distant sites) and kill the host in which it originates.
Objectives
What is the definition of cancer?
Benign vs. Malignant
Most common cancer types in men and women
Learn how to obtain cancer-related data using Internet sources
Understand cancer staging
Understand the basics of how carcinogenesis occurs
Describe inherited cancer syndromes
2
Causation and Cancer
Examples of Identified Causes and
Future Efforts in Cancer Prevention
Tobacco use and lung cancer
Infectious agents (e.g., HPV) and cervical cancer
Ionizing radiation and leukemia
Designation of a risk factor as “causal” has been the starting point for initiating cancer prevention programs based on reducing exposure to the risk factor
4
4
The concept of causation has long had a central role in the application of epidemiologic evidence for controlling cancer. Designation of a risk factor as “causal” has been the starting point for initiating cancer prevention programs based on reducing exposure to the risk factor. Though the concept of causation remains a matter of continuing discussion, use of the term in public health implies that the evidence supporting causality of association has reached a critical threshold of certainty and that reduced exposure can be expected to be followed by reduced disease occurrence. In other words, if there is “enough” evidence supporting a particular risk factor (or a preventive or prognostic factor), it seems to be considered ‘causal’. Keep in mind, though, that risk factor is the most proper term.
What is cancer?
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death.
Characteristics: Abnormality, Uncontrollability, invasiveness
5
5
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death. Although cancer is often referred to as a single condition, it actually consists of more than 100 different diseases. These diseases are characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer can arise in many sites and behave differently depending on its organ of origin. Breast cancer, for example, has different characteristics than lung cancer. It is important to understand that cancer originating in one body organ takes its characteristics with it even if it spreads to another part of the body. For example, metastatic br.
This document provides an overview of cancer, including its causes, prevalence, treatments, and impacts. It discusses that cancer has numerous causes ranging from genetics to environment. There are many different types of cancer that affect cells' growth and division. Adolescents and adults experience different common types of cancer due to factors like exposure time to environmental hazards. Cancer treatments can cause physical impairments that impact quality of life. Both adolescents and adults experience emotional distress and stress from cancer's impacts on independence, education/work, roles and finances. Support from family, friends and healthcare teams is very important for cancer patients.
This document discusses cancer at a high level. It defines cancer as abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that can form tumors. There are over 200 types of cancer that can start in any body tissue. Cancer is caused by multiple factors and involves genetic mutations that disrupt normal cell growth and death. The main types of cancer are carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias. Diagnosis methods include biopsies and imaging, while treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted/immunotherapies. Prevention strategies encompass reducing tobacco use, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding environmental carcinogens.
This document provides information on the assessment and management of cancer patients. It begins with learning objectives related to describing cancer incidence and mortality rates, the biology and stages of cancer development, and the nurse's role in cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment. It then covers definitions of cancer, the origins and types of cancer cells, the biology of cancer development including defective cell proliferation and differentiation. The document discusses cancer staging and classification systems including TNM and the stages of cancer development. It also outlines common signs and symptoms of cancer, diagnostic tests, and the main goals and treatment modalities of cancer including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, palliative care, nuclear medicine, and interventional radiology.
What is cancer national cancer instituteashish964223
Cancer is caused by changes to DNA that cause cells to grow uncontrollably and spread. There are over 100 types of cancer named after the organs or tissues where they form, such as lung cancer or brain cancer. Cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they ignore signals telling them to stop growing or die, invade other tissues, encourage blood vessel growth, and find ways to avoid the immune system. The main types of genes affected in cancer are proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. When cancer spreads from its original site to other parts of the body through metastasis, it is called metastatic cancer. Not all abnormal cell growth is cancer - conditions like hyperplasia and dysplasia may
Overview of Pediatrics Malignancies Essay.docx4934bk
1) The document provides an overview of pediatric malignancies, discussing topics like leukemia, lymphomas, brain tumors, Wilms' tumor, soft tissue sarcomas, and germ cell tumors.
2) It describes the different types of leukemia seen in children, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which accounts for 80-90% of childhood leukemias.
3) The document also discusses lymphomas, brain tumors, Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, and germ cell tumors in children, and provides survival rates for some pediatric cancers.
Cancer arises from genetic changes in cells that cause uncontrolled growth and spread. The document discusses cancer pathogenesis, classification, stages, risk factors like carcinogens, and prevention strategies. It notes that in 2012 there were estimated 14 million new cancer cases worldwide resulting in 7.6 million deaths, with lung, breast, colorectal, and stomach cancer being most common. Prevention involves controlling risk factors like tobacco, promoting hygiene, vaccinations, and treating precancerous lesions.
Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell growth and can start anywhere in the body. Cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they grow uncontrollably, invade other tissues, and are often immortal. Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, with over 10 million new cases and 9.5 million cancer deaths annually. The number of new cancer cases is projected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Some key causes of cancer include tobacco use, poor diet and lack of exercise, certain infections, and genetic factors. Prevention strategies focus on avoiding risk factors and promoting healthy behaviors.
Cancer is the general name for over 100 medical conditions involving uncontrolled and dangerous cell growth. Some cancers are caused by genetic factors while others are caused by environmental exposures, such as chemicals. Two patients may have cancer for different reasons - one may have a family history of breast cancer while the other was exposed to carcinogenic chemicals at work. Both ultimately suffer from abnormal cell growth triggered by different root causes.
Cancer is the general name for over 100 medical conditions involving uncontrolled and dangerous cell growth. Some cancers are caused by genetic factors while others are caused by environmental exposures to carcinogenic chemicals or other external agents. Both genetic and environmental factors can contribute to abnormal cell growth and the development of cancer in patients.
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth that can spread to other parts of the body. The most common cancers vary by sex, with lung, prostate, colorectal, and stomach cancers most common in men, and breast, colorectal, lung, and cervical cancers most common in women. Cancer is caused by factors like chemicals, diet, infection, radiation, heredity, and hormones. Diagnosis involves medical tests to examine tissue samples. Prevention methods include diet, medication, and vaccination, while treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, palliative care, immunotherapy, and alternative medicine.
Awareness on Cancer
what are the causes for cancer
Terminology
Classification of Cancers
Signs and Symptoms
Stages of Cancers (TSM)
Types of Cancer Treatments
Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy etc
Side effects on treatment
Palliative care
Our bodies are made up of millions of cells, grouped together to form tissues and organs such as muscles and bones, the lungs and the liver. Genes inside each cell order it to grow, work, reproduce and die. Normally, our cells obey these orders and we remain healthy. But sometimes the instructions get mixed up, causing the cells to form lumps or tumors, or spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and can affect people of all ages. While genetics play a small role, environmental factors are responsible for the vast majority of cancers. Some known causes of cancer include tobacco use, certain infections, radiation, poor diet/obesity, and environmental pollutants. There is no single cause of cancer for most individuals, as cancer is usually the result of multiple factors. Certain inherited genetic mutations do significantly increase cancer risk for some people. Prolonged exposure to carcinogens like asbestos can also cause specific types of cancer. Overall, cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide.
Cancer is not one disease but many types with different characteristics. There are over 200 identified cancer types. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell growth and spread through the body. The global incidence of cancer is rising due to risk factors like lifestyle changes and aging populations. Common cancers worldwide include lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers. Cancer development involves mutations that allow cells to evade controls on growth and survival.
Cancer is not a single disease but rather an accumulation of over 200 different types that form when abnormal cells multiply uncontrollably. Diagnosing cancer involves a variety of tests including physical exams, laboratory tests, imaging, endoscopy, biopsies and surgery to accurately identify the specific type. Common diagnostic tests examine the body, blood and urine for tumor markers or changes that can indicate the presence of cancerous cells or tumors.
Cancer is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors include inherited gene mutations and errors in DNA replication, while environmental factors like tobacco use, certain infections, radiation, lack of exercise, poor diet, and alcohol consumption account for 80-90% of cancer cases. The top cancer types globally are lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers. Cancer prevalence varies worldwide and is increasing, with nearly 10 million new cases and 6 million cancer deaths estimated to have occurred in 2020.
LECTURE 11 CANCER DRUGS, IMMUNOCHEMISTRY and CHEMOCHEMISTRY.docxmanningchassidy
LECTURE 11 CANCER: DRUGS, IMMUNOCHEMISTRY and CHEMOCHEMISTRY
A dividing breast cancer cell.
Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.
Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place.
When cancer develops, this orderly process breaks down. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumors.
Many cancers form solid tumors, which are masses of tissue. Cancers of the blood, such as leukemia, generally do not form solid tumors.
Cancerous tumors are malignant, which means they can spread into, or invade, nearby tissues. In addition, as these tumors grow, some cancer cells can break off and travel to distant places in the body through the blood or the lymph system and form new tumors far from the original tumor.
Unlike malignant tumors, benign tumors do not spread into, or invade, nearby tissues. Benign tumors can sometimes be quite large, however. When removed, they usually don’t grow back, whereas malignant tumors sometimes do. Unlike most benign tumors elsewhere in the body, benign brain tumors can be life threatening.
What are the differences between cancer cells and normal cells?
Cancer cells differ from normal cells in many ways that allow them to grow out of control and become invasive. One important difference is that cancer cells are less specialized than normal cells. That is, whereas normal cells mature into very distinct cell types with specific functions, cancer cells do not. This is one reason that, unlike normal cells, cancer cells continue to divide without stopping.
In addition, cancer cells are able to ignore signals that normally tell cells to stop dividing or that begin a process known as programmed cell death, or apoptosis, which the body uses to get rid of unneeded cells.
Cancer cells may be able to influence the normal cells, molecules, and blood vessels that surround and feed a tumor, an area known as the microenvironment. For instance, cancer cells can induce nearby normal cells to form blood vessels that supply tumors with oxygen and nutrients, which they need to grow. These blood vessels also remove waste products from tumors.
Cancer cells are also often able to evade the immune system, a network of organs, tissues, and specialized cells that protects the body from infections and other conditions. Although the immune system normally removes damaged or abnormal cells from the body, some cancer cells are able to “hide” from the immune system.
Tumors can also use the immune system to stay alive and grow. For example, with.
SPT 208 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docxsusanschei
SPT 208 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
Marketing and advertising are often used interchangeably, yet throughout this course you have learned that marketing is a much larger concept that requires a
strong understanding of consumer behavior, products and services, and often the greater economic environment. Marketing is applicable to every industry and
discipline in one way or another, but within the sport industry we have the chance to see the application of marketing concepts as if under a spotlight due to the
industry’s global reach and importance to society.
Your final project is the creation of an Opportunity and Consumer Analysis. You will select a sport team, individual, facility, or organization as the focus of your
consumer and opportunity analysis. When selecting your area of focus, think about your interests and career aspirations. As you progress through the course,
you will have the opportunity to practice the skills required for this project in several milestone activities. Your final deliverable will include a strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of your selected focus; a consumer analysis; an analysis of successful marketing and media strategies;
and a brief 1-, 3-, and 5-year plan that allows you to explain your intended use of a proven marketing strategy and various media opportunities. Please note that
your Opportunity and Consumer Analysis will be an eligible artifact to include in your program portfolio, as it will highlight your ability to recognize consumer
characteristics and opportunities for brand improvement.
The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final
submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final Opportunity and Consumer Analysis will be submitted in Module Seven.
This assessment addresses the following course outcomes:
• Analyze consumer behaviors for the influence of political, cultural, and social events on consumer motivation at the local, national, or international
levels within the sport industry
• Illustrate the application of key marketing strategies in successful sport-specific marketing campaigns
• Identify proven marketing strategies that can be successfully applied to specific sport marketing scenarios to attract consumers
• Compare media opportunities for successfully communicating and marketing towards specific consumers within the sport industry
Prompt
Develop a comprehensive Opportunity and Consumer Analysis. Select a sport team, individual, facility, or organization and provide a thorough analysis of the
existing marketing strategies and consumers, and determine an opportunity for greater consumer reach. Outline a brief 1-, 3-, and 5-year plan for the marketing
opportunity.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Marketing Foc.
Ssalinas_ThreeMountainsRegionalHospitalCodeofEthics73119.docx
Running head: CODE OF ETHICS 1
CODE OF ETHICS 4
Three Mountains Regional Hospital Code of Ethics
Sharlene Salinas
Professor Bradshaw
HSA4210
July 31, 2019
Three Mountains Regional Hospital Code of Ethics
Progressive developments in science and technology in the 20th century contributed to advances in healthcare and medicine that have helped many lives. Healthcare professionals are confronted with ethical dilemmas and moral questions as the context in which healthcare is provided keeps on changing. Healthcare specialists are required to be dedicated to excellence within their professional practice of promoting community, organizational, family, and individual health. Healthcare code of ethics provides a platform for shared professional values (Wocial & Tarzian, 2015). It is the responsibility of healthcare specialists to reach the best possible standards of conduct and to encourage these ethical practices to those with whom they work together. Healthcare professionals are facing challenges as the context in which healthcare is provided keeps on changing.
The Three Mountains Regional Hospital code of ethics will clarify the roles and responsibilities within the healthcare profession. The code of ethics will also guide the healthcare professionals on addressing common ethical questions. With 15,000 admissions annually, the Three Mountains Regional Hospital requires a code of ethics that will guide the healthcare professionals in the hospital in dealing with such a capacity. Healthcare professionals from the hospital will be defined by their purpose but not their job description (Turner & Epstein, 2015). The proposed code of ethics will inform individual decision-making when faced with ethical situations within a given relationship or role at the Three Mountains Regional Hospital.
Ethics are an essential part of healthcare, and they should provide value in practical situations. The proposed code of ethics will provide a structure and shape to the Three Mountains Regional Hospital’s environment and summarize the healthcare organization’s ethical position. The code of ethics will describe the ethical attitude shared by healthcare workers at Three Mountains Regional Hospital, and it will be valuable and influential on the success of the healthcare organization. The mission of the code of ethics is to guide the hospital is leading the way to a healthier community through the provision of quality care.
Code of Ethics
· Uphold the policies of the Three Mountains Regional Hospital (Merry & Walton, 2017).
· Protect the intellectual, physical, and electronic property of the hospital (Hoppe & Lenk, 2016).
· Promote a healthy, secure, and safe working environment (Merry & Walton, 2017).
· Act responsibly and honestly by avoiding perceived or actual conflicts of interest (Merry & Walton, 2017).
· Protect and respect the privacy and confidentiality of all individuals and informat.
Spring 2020Professor Tim SmithE mail [email protected]Teach.docxsusanschei
Spring 2020
Professor: Tim Smith E mail: [email protected]
Teaching Assistant: Ray Kim E mail [email protected]
Office hours: PLF South 113 TBA
EVOLUTION OF ROCK
MCY 127
Course Description:
This general education course is a study of the birth and evolution of the music form of Rock and Roll. It is a study of both the historical and musical elements of rock with a focus on the performers and the songs in the genre. Some of the objectives for this course include:
Increasing awareness of the wide range of musical styles that “add up” to form rock
Provide insight on the cultural evolution of rock and how it applies to society
Study how technological advances have influenced both the performers and composers in rock
Prerequsites:
None
Required text:
None
Required listening: Spotify playlist MCY127TS
Course Requirements and Grading:
Test 1 20%
Midterm exam 25%
Test 3 20%
Final exam 25%
Essay on live musical performance 10%
Essay assignment will consist of attending a live musical performance at the Frost School of Music (or approved off campus performance). At the conclusion of the performance, you will obtain signatures of two or more participants. You will compose an essay that will summarize the performance (ensemble, repertoire, etc.). You will compare and/or contrast the performance with details we have studied in class. The essay should be two to three pages long, computer printed, double spaced, and stapled. It will be due on Thursday, November 19.
Conduct and rules:
Rock and roll is a joyous art form. I intend for the class to be a fun and learning environment. I hope to engage you as adults, not as adolescents. However, inappropriate language or behavior to one another will not be tolerated, and will result in the student facing disciplinary action and potential removal from the class. You are adults. I am not your baby-sitter. If you fail to attend class regularly, you will find it much more difficult to excel in the course. SHOW UP AND PAY ATTENTION! It will make your life easier in the long run. Plagiarism on your essay will not be acceptable, and will result in the loss of 10% of your final grade. Cheating is rampant. While I will make every effort to curb the options students might have to copy one another on tests, I can’t stop it completely. I will have assistance from the Honor Council on test days, and cheating will result in a zero on that test. None of you can afford this. I truly believe that if you will engage the material, come to the lectures, and actively listen to the required listening material, you will not find a need to cheat.
If you are feeling overwhelmed by any of the material, please make an appointment to meet with me during office hours.
Lectures and listening:
Each class will consist of a lecture and a period of listening to music appropriate to that lecture. The music played in class will be made available to you through Blackboard in addition. You will be responsible for the material presented.
Spring 2020 – Business Continuity & Disaster R.docxsusanschei
Spring 2020 – Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning (ISOL-632-50)
Incident Management
S no
Disaster Type
Plans & Precautions
Initial Action
Stabilization Strategy
1
Thunderstorm
2
Floods
3
Tornadoes
4
Severe weather such as blizzard
5
Hurricanes
6
Explosion such as bomb threats
.
Sports Business Landscape Graphic OrganizerContent.docxsusanschei
This document outlines key aspects of careers in the sports business industry including content providers, distribution channels, goods and service providers, common job titles, typical training and education requirements, standard job roles and responsibilities, average salary outlooks, current job availability in various locations, and overall job outlooks along with potential pros and cons of different positions.
Spring 2020Carlow University Department of Psychology & Co.docxsusanschei
Spring 2020
Carlow University
Department of Psychology & Counseling
Professional Counseling Program
LGBT Lives Cultures & Theories
PRC-742-G1, PY-235-DA, WS-237-DA
3 Credits; No Prerequisites
Course Syllabus- Spring 2020
Wednesday’s 6:00pm-8:30pm
Instructor: Michelle Colarusso, Ph.D., LPC, NCC Office: TBD
Cell phone: 724-396-9769 E-mail: [email protected]
Office hours: By appointment only Location: Antonian Hall 403
Carlow's Mission Statement
The mission of Carlow University, a Catholic liberal arts university, is to involve persons, primarily women, in a process of self-directed, lifelong learning which will free them to think clearly and creatively, to discover and to challenge or affirm cultural and aesthetic values, to respond reverently and sensitively to God and others, and to render competent and compassionate service in personal and professional life.
Course Description
This course will address issues related to counseling gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender clients. These include issues of sexual identity development, coming out, homophobia and heterosexism, family and relationship issues, multicultural issues, youth, aging, spirituality, HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse as well as ethical and professional issues in working with gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender clients through affirmative counseling/therapy.
Learning Outcomes and Assessment
What students will learn
How students will learn it
How students will demonstrate learning
Impact dominant culture has on LGBT individuals
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Multifaceted issues facing specific LGBT populations
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Familiarize themselves with theories of identity development
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Affirmative counseling/therapy and their knowledge and skill in providing it.
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Variety of counseling issues that have particular relevance to LGBT clients.
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Access to local and national resources available to assist in work with LGBT clients.
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Course Requirements and Resources
Methods of Involvement & Examination
Methods of Instruction
Classes will consist of didactic and experiential elements, including lectures, large and small group discussions, modeling, structured role-plays and simulations, live or video demonstrations, and student presentations in class and on CelticOnline/Schoolology. Primary methods include lecture/discussion, readings, and a variety of experiential exercises. Students will immurse themselves into the LGBTQ Cul.
SPOTLIGHT ON STRATEGY FOR TURBULENT TIMESSpotlight ARTWORK.docxsusanschei
SPOTLIGHT ON STRATEGY FOR TURBULENT TIMES
Spotlight ARTWORK Tara DonovanUntitled, 2008, polyester film
HBR.ORG
What Is
the Theory
f ̂ Fiof
y
Firm?
Focus less on competitive advantage and more on growth
that creates value, by Todd Zenger
f asked to define strategy, most execu-
tives would probably come up with
something like this: Strategy involves
discovering and targeting attractive
markets and then crafting positions that
deliver sustained competitive advan-
tage in them. Companies achieve these
positions by configuring and arranging
resources and activities to provide either
unique value to customers or common
value at a uniquely low cost. This view of strategy as
position remains central in business school curricula
around the globe: Valuable positions, protected from
imitation and appropriation, provide sustained profit
streams.
Unfortunately, investors don't reward senior
managers for simply occupying and defending po-
sitions. Equity markets are full of companies with
powerful positions and sluggish stock prices. The
retail giant Walmart is a case in point. Few people
would dispute that it remains a remarkable firm. Its
early focus on building a regionally dense network
of stores in small towns delivered a strong positional
advantage. Complementary choices regarding ad-
vertising, pricing, and information technology all
continue to support its low-cost and flexibly mer-
chandised stores.
Despite this strong position and a successful stra-
tegic rollout, Walmart's equity price has seen little
growth for most of the past 12 or 13 years. That's be-
cause the ongoing rollout was anticipated long ago,
and investors seek evidence of newly discovered
value—value of compounding magnitude. Merely
sustaining prior financial returns, even if they are
outstanding, does not significantly increase share
price; tomorrow's positive surprises must be worth
more than yesterday's.
Not surprisingly, I consistently advise MBA stu-
dents that if they're confronted with a choice be-
tween leading a poorly run company and leading a
well-run one, they should choose the former. Imag-
ine assuming the reins of GE from Jack Welch in Sep-
tember 2001 with shareholders' having enjoyed a 40-
fold increase in value over the prior two decades. The
expectations baked into the share price of a company
like that are daunting, to say the least.
To make matters worse, attempts to grow often
undermine a company's current market position.
As Michael Porter, the leading proponent of strat-
egy as positioning, has argued, "Efforts to grow blur
June 2013 Harvard Business Review 73
SPOTLIGHT ON STRATEGY FOR TURBULENT TIMES
uniqueness, create compromises, reduce fit, and
ultimately undermine competitive advantage. In
fact, the growth imperative is hazardous to strategy."
Quite simply, the logic of this perspective not only
provides little guidance about how to sustain value
creation but also discourages growth that might in
einy way move a compeiny away from i.
What is cancer national cancer instituteashish964223
Cancer is caused by changes to DNA that cause cells to grow uncontrollably and spread. There are over 100 types of cancer named after the organs or tissues where they form, such as lung cancer or brain cancer. Cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they ignore signals telling them to stop growing or die, invade other tissues, encourage blood vessel growth, and find ways to avoid the immune system. The main types of genes affected in cancer are proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. When cancer spreads from its original site to other parts of the body through metastasis, it is called metastatic cancer. Not all abnormal cell growth is cancer - conditions like hyperplasia and dysplasia may
Overview of Pediatrics Malignancies Essay.docx4934bk
1) The document provides an overview of pediatric malignancies, discussing topics like leukemia, lymphomas, brain tumors, Wilms' tumor, soft tissue sarcomas, and germ cell tumors.
2) It describes the different types of leukemia seen in children, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which accounts for 80-90% of childhood leukemias.
3) The document also discusses lymphomas, brain tumors, Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, and germ cell tumors in children, and provides survival rates for some pediatric cancers.
Cancer arises from genetic changes in cells that cause uncontrolled growth and spread. The document discusses cancer pathogenesis, classification, stages, risk factors like carcinogens, and prevention strategies. It notes that in 2012 there were estimated 14 million new cancer cases worldwide resulting in 7.6 million deaths, with lung, breast, colorectal, and stomach cancer being most common. Prevention involves controlling risk factors like tobacco, promoting hygiene, vaccinations, and treating precancerous lesions.
Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell growth and can start anywhere in the body. Cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they grow uncontrollably, invade other tissues, and are often immortal. Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, with over 10 million new cases and 9.5 million cancer deaths annually. The number of new cancer cases is projected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Some key causes of cancer include tobacco use, poor diet and lack of exercise, certain infections, and genetic factors. Prevention strategies focus on avoiding risk factors and promoting healthy behaviors.
Cancer is the general name for over 100 medical conditions involving uncontrolled and dangerous cell growth. Some cancers are caused by genetic factors while others are caused by environmental exposures, such as chemicals. Two patients may have cancer for different reasons - one may have a family history of breast cancer while the other was exposed to carcinogenic chemicals at work. Both ultimately suffer from abnormal cell growth triggered by different root causes.
Cancer is the general name for over 100 medical conditions involving uncontrolled and dangerous cell growth. Some cancers are caused by genetic factors while others are caused by environmental exposures to carcinogenic chemicals or other external agents. Both genetic and environmental factors can contribute to abnormal cell growth and the development of cancer in patients.
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth that can spread to other parts of the body. The most common cancers vary by sex, with lung, prostate, colorectal, and stomach cancers most common in men, and breast, colorectal, lung, and cervical cancers most common in women. Cancer is caused by factors like chemicals, diet, infection, radiation, heredity, and hormones. Diagnosis involves medical tests to examine tissue samples. Prevention methods include diet, medication, and vaccination, while treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, palliative care, immunotherapy, and alternative medicine.
Awareness on Cancer
what are the causes for cancer
Terminology
Classification of Cancers
Signs and Symptoms
Stages of Cancers (TSM)
Types of Cancer Treatments
Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy etc
Side effects on treatment
Palliative care
Our bodies are made up of millions of cells, grouped together to form tissues and organs such as muscles and bones, the lungs and the liver. Genes inside each cell order it to grow, work, reproduce and die. Normally, our cells obey these orders and we remain healthy. But sometimes the instructions get mixed up, causing the cells to form lumps or tumors, or spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and can affect people of all ages. While genetics play a small role, environmental factors are responsible for the vast majority of cancers. Some known causes of cancer include tobacco use, certain infections, radiation, poor diet/obesity, and environmental pollutants. There is no single cause of cancer for most individuals, as cancer is usually the result of multiple factors. Certain inherited genetic mutations do significantly increase cancer risk for some people. Prolonged exposure to carcinogens like asbestos can also cause specific types of cancer. Overall, cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide.
Cancer is not one disease but many types with different characteristics. There are over 200 identified cancer types. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell growth and spread through the body. The global incidence of cancer is rising due to risk factors like lifestyle changes and aging populations. Common cancers worldwide include lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers. Cancer development involves mutations that allow cells to evade controls on growth and survival.
Cancer is not a single disease but rather an accumulation of over 200 different types that form when abnormal cells multiply uncontrollably. Diagnosing cancer involves a variety of tests including physical exams, laboratory tests, imaging, endoscopy, biopsies and surgery to accurately identify the specific type. Common diagnostic tests examine the body, blood and urine for tumor markers or changes that can indicate the presence of cancerous cells or tumors.
Cancer is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors include inherited gene mutations and errors in DNA replication, while environmental factors like tobacco use, certain infections, radiation, lack of exercise, poor diet, and alcohol consumption account for 80-90% of cancer cases. The top cancer types globally are lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers. Cancer prevalence varies worldwide and is increasing, with nearly 10 million new cases and 6 million cancer deaths estimated to have occurred in 2020.
LECTURE 11 CANCER DRUGS, IMMUNOCHEMISTRY and CHEMOCHEMISTRY.docxmanningchassidy
LECTURE 11 CANCER: DRUGS, IMMUNOCHEMISTRY and CHEMOCHEMISTRY
A dividing breast cancer cell.
Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.
Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place.
When cancer develops, this orderly process breaks down. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumors.
Many cancers form solid tumors, which are masses of tissue. Cancers of the blood, such as leukemia, generally do not form solid tumors.
Cancerous tumors are malignant, which means they can spread into, or invade, nearby tissues. In addition, as these tumors grow, some cancer cells can break off and travel to distant places in the body through the blood or the lymph system and form new tumors far from the original tumor.
Unlike malignant tumors, benign tumors do not spread into, or invade, nearby tissues. Benign tumors can sometimes be quite large, however. When removed, they usually don’t grow back, whereas malignant tumors sometimes do. Unlike most benign tumors elsewhere in the body, benign brain tumors can be life threatening.
What are the differences between cancer cells and normal cells?
Cancer cells differ from normal cells in many ways that allow them to grow out of control and become invasive. One important difference is that cancer cells are less specialized than normal cells. That is, whereas normal cells mature into very distinct cell types with specific functions, cancer cells do not. This is one reason that, unlike normal cells, cancer cells continue to divide without stopping.
In addition, cancer cells are able to ignore signals that normally tell cells to stop dividing or that begin a process known as programmed cell death, or apoptosis, which the body uses to get rid of unneeded cells.
Cancer cells may be able to influence the normal cells, molecules, and blood vessels that surround and feed a tumor, an area known as the microenvironment. For instance, cancer cells can induce nearby normal cells to form blood vessels that supply tumors with oxygen and nutrients, which they need to grow. These blood vessels also remove waste products from tumors.
Cancer cells are also often able to evade the immune system, a network of organs, tissues, and specialized cells that protects the body from infections and other conditions. Although the immune system normally removes damaged or abnormal cells from the body, some cancer cells are able to “hide” from the immune system.
Tumors can also use the immune system to stay alive and grow. For example, with.
SPT 208 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docxsusanschei
SPT 208 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
Marketing and advertising are often used interchangeably, yet throughout this course you have learned that marketing is a much larger concept that requires a
strong understanding of consumer behavior, products and services, and often the greater economic environment. Marketing is applicable to every industry and
discipline in one way or another, but within the sport industry we have the chance to see the application of marketing concepts as if under a spotlight due to the
industry’s global reach and importance to society.
Your final project is the creation of an Opportunity and Consumer Analysis. You will select a sport team, individual, facility, or organization as the focus of your
consumer and opportunity analysis. When selecting your area of focus, think about your interests and career aspirations. As you progress through the course,
you will have the opportunity to practice the skills required for this project in several milestone activities. Your final deliverable will include a strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of your selected focus; a consumer analysis; an analysis of successful marketing and media strategies;
and a brief 1-, 3-, and 5-year plan that allows you to explain your intended use of a proven marketing strategy and various media opportunities. Please note that
your Opportunity and Consumer Analysis will be an eligible artifact to include in your program portfolio, as it will highlight your ability to recognize consumer
characteristics and opportunities for brand improvement.
The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final
submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final Opportunity and Consumer Analysis will be submitted in Module Seven.
This assessment addresses the following course outcomes:
• Analyze consumer behaviors for the influence of political, cultural, and social events on consumer motivation at the local, national, or international
levels within the sport industry
• Illustrate the application of key marketing strategies in successful sport-specific marketing campaigns
• Identify proven marketing strategies that can be successfully applied to specific sport marketing scenarios to attract consumers
• Compare media opportunities for successfully communicating and marketing towards specific consumers within the sport industry
Prompt
Develop a comprehensive Opportunity and Consumer Analysis. Select a sport team, individual, facility, or organization and provide a thorough analysis of the
existing marketing strategies and consumers, and determine an opportunity for greater consumer reach. Outline a brief 1-, 3-, and 5-year plan for the marketing
opportunity.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Marketing Foc.
Ssalinas_ThreeMountainsRegionalHospitalCodeofEthics73119.docx
Running head: CODE OF ETHICS 1
CODE OF ETHICS 4
Three Mountains Regional Hospital Code of Ethics
Sharlene Salinas
Professor Bradshaw
HSA4210
July 31, 2019
Three Mountains Regional Hospital Code of Ethics
Progressive developments in science and technology in the 20th century contributed to advances in healthcare and medicine that have helped many lives. Healthcare professionals are confronted with ethical dilemmas and moral questions as the context in which healthcare is provided keeps on changing. Healthcare specialists are required to be dedicated to excellence within their professional practice of promoting community, organizational, family, and individual health. Healthcare code of ethics provides a platform for shared professional values (Wocial & Tarzian, 2015). It is the responsibility of healthcare specialists to reach the best possible standards of conduct and to encourage these ethical practices to those with whom they work together. Healthcare professionals are facing challenges as the context in which healthcare is provided keeps on changing.
The Three Mountains Regional Hospital code of ethics will clarify the roles and responsibilities within the healthcare profession. The code of ethics will also guide the healthcare professionals on addressing common ethical questions. With 15,000 admissions annually, the Three Mountains Regional Hospital requires a code of ethics that will guide the healthcare professionals in the hospital in dealing with such a capacity. Healthcare professionals from the hospital will be defined by their purpose but not their job description (Turner & Epstein, 2015). The proposed code of ethics will inform individual decision-making when faced with ethical situations within a given relationship or role at the Three Mountains Regional Hospital.
Ethics are an essential part of healthcare, and they should provide value in practical situations. The proposed code of ethics will provide a structure and shape to the Three Mountains Regional Hospital’s environment and summarize the healthcare organization’s ethical position. The code of ethics will describe the ethical attitude shared by healthcare workers at Three Mountains Regional Hospital, and it will be valuable and influential on the success of the healthcare organization. The mission of the code of ethics is to guide the hospital is leading the way to a healthier community through the provision of quality care.
Code of Ethics
· Uphold the policies of the Three Mountains Regional Hospital (Merry & Walton, 2017).
· Protect the intellectual, physical, and electronic property of the hospital (Hoppe & Lenk, 2016).
· Promote a healthy, secure, and safe working environment (Merry & Walton, 2017).
· Act responsibly and honestly by avoiding perceived or actual conflicts of interest (Merry & Walton, 2017).
· Protect and respect the privacy and confidentiality of all individuals and informat.
Spring 2020Professor Tim SmithE mail [email protected]Teach.docxsusanschei
Spring 2020
Professor: Tim Smith E mail: [email protected]
Teaching Assistant: Ray Kim E mail [email protected]
Office hours: PLF South 113 TBA
EVOLUTION OF ROCK
MCY 127
Course Description:
This general education course is a study of the birth and evolution of the music form of Rock and Roll. It is a study of both the historical and musical elements of rock with a focus on the performers and the songs in the genre. Some of the objectives for this course include:
Increasing awareness of the wide range of musical styles that “add up” to form rock
Provide insight on the cultural evolution of rock and how it applies to society
Study how technological advances have influenced both the performers and composers in rock
Prerequsites:
None
Required text:
None
Required listening: Spotify playlist MCY127TS
Course Requirements and Grading:
Test 1 20%
Midterm exam 25%
Test 3 20%
Final exam 25%
Essay on live musical performance 10%
Essay assignment will consist of attending a live musical performance at the Frost School of Music (or approved off campus performance). At the conclusion of the performance, you will obtain signatures of two or more participants. You will compose an essay that will summarize the performance (ensemble, repertoire, etc.). You will compare and/or contrast the performance with details we have studied in class. The essay should be two to three pages long, computer printed, double spaced, and stapled. It will be due on Thursday, November 19.
Conduct and rules:
Rock and roll is a joyous art form. I intend for the class to be a fun and learning environment. I hope to engage you as adults, not as adolescents. However, inappropriate language or behavior to one another will not be tolerated, and will result in the student facing disciplinary action and potential removal from the class. You are adults. I am not your baby-sitter. If you fail to attend class regularly, you will find it much more difficult to excel in the course. SHOW UP AND PAY ATTENTION! It will make your life easier in the long run. Plagiarism on your essay will not be acceptable, and will result in the loss of 10% of your final grade. Cheating is rampant. While I will make every effort to curb the options students might have to copy one another on tests, I can’t stop it completely. I will have assistance from the Honor Council on test days, and cheating will result in a zero on that test. None of you can afford this. I truly believe that if you will engage the material, come to the lectures, and actively listen to the required listening material, you will not find a need to cheat.
If you are feeling overwhelmed by any of the material, please make an appointment to meet with me during office hours.
Lectures and listening:
Each class will consist of a lecture and a period of listening to music appropriate to that lecture. The music played in class will be made available to you through Blackboard in addition. You will be responsible for the material presented.
Spring 2020 – Business Continuity & Disaster R.docxsusanschei
Spring 2020 – Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning (ISOL-632-50)
Incident Management
S no
Disaster Type
Plans & Precautions
Initial Action
Stabilization Strategy
1
Thunderstorm
2
Floods
3
Tornadoes
4
Severe weather such as blizzard
5
Hurricanes
6
Explosion such as bomb threats
.
Sports Business Landscape Graphic OrganizerContent.docxsusanschei
This document outlines key aspects of careers in the sports business industry including content providers, distribution channels, goods and service providers, common job titles, typical training and education requirements, standard job roles and responsibilities, average salary outlooks, current job availability in various locations, and overall job outlooks along with potential pros and cons of different positions.
Spring 2020Carlow University Department of Psychology & Co.docxsusanschei
Spring 2020
Carlow University
Department of Psychology & Counseling
Professional Counseling Program
LGBT Lives Cultures & Theories
PRC-742-G1, PY-235-DA, WS-237-DA
3 Credits; No Prerequisites
Course Syllabus- Spring 2020
Wednesday’s 6:00pm-8:30pm
Instructor: Michelle Colarusso, Ph.D., LPC, NCC Office: TBD
Cell phone: 724-396-9769 E-mail: [email protected]
Office hours: By appointment only Location: Antonian Hall 403
Carlow's Mission Statement
The mission of Carlow University, a Catholic liberal arts university, is to involve persons, primarily women, in a process of self-directed, lifelong learning which will free them to think clearly and creatively, to discover and to challenge or affirm cultural and aesthetic values, to respond reverently and sensitively to God and others, and to render competent and compassionate service in personal and professional life.
Course Description
This course will address issues related to counseling gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender clients. These include issues of sexual identity development, coming out, homophobia and heterosexism, family and relationship issues, multicultural issues, youth, aging, spirituality, HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse as well as ethical and professional issues in working with gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender clients through affirmative counseling/therapy.
Learning Outcomes and Assessment
What students will learn
How students will learn it
How students will demonstrate learning
Impact dominant culture has on LGBT individuals
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Multifaceted issues facing specific LGBT populations
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Familiarize themselves with theories of identity development
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Affirmative counseling/therapy and their knowledge and skill in providing it.
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Variety of counseling issues that have particular relevance to LGBT clients.
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Access to local and national resources available to assist in work with LGBT clients.
Readings, Experiential Activities, Class Discussions
Class Participation, Reflection Journals, Exam
Course Requirements and Resources
Methods of Involvement & Examination
Methods of Instruction
Classes will consist of didactic and experiential elements, including lectures, large and small group discussions, modeling, structured role-plays and simulations, live or video demonstrations, and student presentations in class and on CelticOnline/Schoolology. Primary methods include lecture/discussion, readings, and a variety of experiential exercises. Students will immurse themselves into the LGBTQ Cul.
SPOTLIGHT ON STRATEGY FOR TURBULENT TIMESSpotlight ARTWORK.docxsusanschei
SPOTLIGHT ON STRATEGY FOR TURBULENT TIMES
Spotlight ARTWORK Tara DonovanUntitled, 2008, polyester film
HBR.ORG
What Is
the Theory
f ̂ Fiof
y
Firm?
Focus less on competitive advantage and more on growth
that creates value, by Todd Zenger
f asked to define strategy, most execu-
tives would probably come up with
something like this: Strategy involves
discovering and targeting attractive
markets and then crafting positions that
deliver sustained competitive advan-
tage in them. Companies achieve these
positions by configuring and arranging
resources and activities to provide either
unique value to customers or common
value at a uniquely low cost. This view of strategy as
position remains central in business school curricula
around the globe: Valuable positions, protected from
imitation and appropriation, provide sustained profit
streams.
Unfortunately, investors don't reward senior
managers for simply occupying and defending po-
sitions. Equity markets are full of companies with
powerful positions and sluggish stock prices. The
retail giant Walmart is a case in point. Few people
would dispute that it remains a remarkable firm. Its
early focus on building a regionally dense network
of stores in small towns delivered a strong positional
advantage. Complementary choices regarding ad-
vertising, pricing, and information technology all
continue to support its low-cost and flexibly mer-
chandised stores.
Despite this strong position and a successful stra-
tegic rollout, Walmart's equity price has seen little
growth for most of the past 12 or 13 years. That's be-
cause the ongoing rollout was anticipated long ago,
and investors seek evidence of newly discovered
value—value of compounding magnitude. Merely
sustaining prior financial returns, even if they are
outstanding, does not significantly increase share
price; tomorrow's positive surprises must be worth
more than yesterday's.
Not surprisingly, I consistently advise MBA stu-
dents that if they're confronted with a choice be-
tween leading a poorly run company and leading a
well-run one, they should choose the former. Imag-
ine assuming the reins of GE from Jack Welch in Sep-
tember 2001 with shareholders' having enjoyed a 40-
fold increase in value over the prior two decades. The
expectations baked into the share price of a company
like that are daunting, to say the least.
To make matters worse, attempts to grow often
undermine a company's current market position.
As Michael Porter, the leading proponent of strat-
egy as positioning, has argued, "Efforts to grow blur
June 2013 Harvard Business Review 73
SPOTLIGHT ON STRATEGY FOR TURBULENT TIMES
uniqueness, create compromises, reduce fit, and
ultimately undermine competitive advantage. In
fact, the growth imperative is hazardous to strategy."
Quite simply, the logic of this perspective not only
provides little guidance about how to sustain value
creation but also discourages growth that might in
einy way move a compeiny away from i.
Sport Ticket sales staff trainingChapter 4Sales .docxsusanschei
Sport Ticket sales staff training
Chapter 4
Sales Staff
Developed not born
Skill set of a seller
Different to skill set of a manager
Sales process
Develop lifelong relationship with purchaser
Best source of increasing business
Upselling
Referrals
Sales Department
Recruit
Train
Develop
Motivate
Retain
Recommendations
Balance in house and outsourced
Communication between sales manager and sales staff
Success celebrations
Gather feedback from sales staff
Recruiting/Hiring
Personality, creativity (intangibles)
Fit with organization
Dress for success (opportunity taken seriously)
Positive attitude
Welcoming personality
Poised/confident (not over confident)
Initiative (carry conversation)
Energy, enthusiasm, commitment
Sales positions
10-20 inside sales staff
Supervisor to staff ratio 1:8
Annual training
New employee training (1 week to 1 month)
Ideal structure
8-16 Part-time
2 ½ months than ready to replace nonperforming FT
6-8 full time season ticket dedicated
3-6 full time group sales dedicated
Self-training
One book per month, mentor, seminars, practice
Sales Culture
Desired outcomes
Effectiveness
Productivity
Stability
Long term growth
Created by the sales manager (leadership)
Orlando Magic three A’s
Action
Visible displays
Find needs, wants, desires of employees
Reward accomplishments
Attitude
Believe in sales staff
Atmosphere
Visible signs of success
gong
Retaining/Motivating
Database management
Lead distribution
Reporting
Evaluation
Satisfy need of employees first
Better able to meet customer needs
Achieve organizational goals
Four types of sales employees
Competitor
Rivalries, win contests
It’s All About me
Recognized as best
Achiever Team Builder
Recognition of achievements, group success
Empathetic Seller
Cultivate relationships, not volume producers
Sales Career
Exploration
Establishment
Maintenance
Disengagement
Employee rate feeling appreciated and informed as top want
Sport Consumer Incentivization
Chapter 3
Incentives
Depend on consumption motives
Items of perceived value that add to offer
Overcome indifference or resistance
Later stage of buying/communication process
Price based incentives
Discounting core product damaging
Contingency based
Consumer action (provide info, prior purchase, etc) prior to price reduction
Attract infrequent customers
8% increase in attendance (top 10, 2004)
“cherry pickers” – only attend with promotion
MLB
14% increase, 2% watering down effect, more is better, weekdays (vs. high attendance – max total entertainment value)
Incentives continued
Rule changes, star players (consumption incentive)
Place based incentives
26 fundamental motives for sport consumption
Primary motives
Achievement
Ordinary runners (sense of accomplishment)
Perfect attendance
Vicarious achievement (enhance self esteem through success of athlete)
Sponsors – increased sales volume, exposure
Craft
Developing or observing physical skill
Winning record – highest predictor of attendance/s.
SPOTLIGHT ARTWORK Do Ho Suh, Floor, 1997–2000, PVC figures, gl.docxsusanschei
SPOTLIGHT ARTWORK Do Ho Suh, Floor, 1997–2000, PVC figures, glass plates, phenolic sheets, polyurethane resin; modules 100 x 100 x 8 cm
Installation view at Lehmann Maupin Gallery, New York
Why We Love
to Hate HR
...and What HR
Can Do About It
by Peter Cappelli
SPOTLIGHT ON RETHINKING HUMAN RESOURCES
Peter Cappelli is a
professor of management
at the Wharton School and
the author of several books,
including Will College
Pay Off? A Guide to the
Most Important Financial
Decision You’ll Ever Make
(PublicAffairs, 2015).
HBR.ORG
July–August 2015 Harvard Business Review 55
These feelings aren’t new. They’ve erupted now
and in the past because we don’t like being told how
to behave—and no other group in organizational life,
not even finance, bosses us around as systematically
as HR does. We get defensive when we’re instructed
to change how we interact with people, especially
those who report to us, because that goes right to the
core of who we are. What’s more, HR makes us per-
form tasks we dislike, such as documenting problems
with employees. And it prevents us from doing what
we want, such as hiring someone we “just know” is
a good fit. Its directives affect every person in the
organization, right up to the top, every single day.
The complaints also have a cyclical quality—
they’re driven largely by the business context. Usu-
ally when companies are struggling with labor issues,
HR is seen as a valued leadership partner. When
things are going more smoothly all around, manag-
ers tend to think, “What’s HR doing for us, anyway?”
This doesn’t mean that HR is above reproach.
Quite the contrary: It has plenty of room to improve,
and this is a moment of enormous opportunity. Little
has been done in the past few decades to examine the
value of widely used practices that are central to how
companies operate. By separating the effective from
the worthless, HR leaders can secure huge payoffs for
their organizations. But it’s important to understand
HR’s tumultuous history with business leaders and
the economy before turning our attention to what the
function should be doing now and in the future.
The “Personnel” Pendulum
How top executives feel about HR pretty reliably re-
flects what’s going on in the U.S. economy. When the
economy is down and the labor market is slack, they
see HR as a nuisance. But sentiments change when
labor tightens up and HR practices become essential
to companies’ immediate success.
Think back to the Great Depression. People would
put up with nearly anything to stay employed. Line
managers complained that personnel departments
were getting in the way of better performance, which
they thought could be achieved with the “drive” sys-
tem: threatening workers and sometimes even hit-
ting them if they failed to measure up.
Similarly, business leaders didn’t put a lot of
stock in HR during the 2001 and 2008 recessions, be-
cause employees—keenly aware of how replaceable
th.
Sponsorship Works 2018 8PROJECT DETAILSSponsorship tit.docxsusanschei
Sponsorship Works 2018 8
PROJECT DETAILS
Sponsorship title:
Audi Cup
Duration of sponsorship:
2009-present
Case study entered by:
Audi AG
Sponsor’s industry sector:
Automotive
Rights-holder:
Audi AG (Ownership Platform)
Agency:
brands and emotions GmbH
– Lead Agency, Audi Cup
Other organisations involved in the
planning, activation or evaluation:
FC Bayern Munich;
Several service providers (including event
agency, TV commercialisation,
TV production, etc.).
Campaign summary
Launched in 2009, the year of Audi’s 100th anniversary,
the Audi Cup is a pre-seasonal worldwide football
tournament. Leading teams including FC Barcelona,
Real Madrid and Manchester United meet in Munich
for the biennial Audi Cup during the summer break in
football.
The event is an owned and mainly refinanced
platform by Audi with a strong international media
presence, achieving around 2.5 billion consumer
contacts across television and online media at each
tournament in around 200 countries. With cutting-edge
technologies as an integral part of its staging and
coverage, the event provides a global opportunity to
highlight Audi’s “Vorsprung durch Technik” values.
Planning
Business needs
The Audi Cup provides an ideal platform to present
a strong, resonating connection between top-level
international football and the brand’s “Vorsprung
durch Technik” positioning. Audi has been involved in
international football for over 14 years and the launch
of the Audi Cup in 2009 established a new benchmark
in proprietary sports marketing, creating a whole new
way for Audi to implement its own rights in a highly
controlled and targeted manner.
Taking a “high-tech” approach to the world of
football broadcasting and marketing, the Audi Cup
meets the clear business need for Audi to demonstrate
Audi and the Audi Cup
A u d i a n d t h e A u d i C u p
Sponsorship Works 2018 9
A u d i a n d t h e A u d i C u p
and underpin its core brand proposition as a highly
innovative, technologically advanced automotive
company.
The development and implementation of tools
including the first ever implementation of digital overlay
of led boards in live broadcasting and the first ever live
holographic press conference in sport, a dedicated
chatbot and Alexa Skill and the Audi Player Index, not
only underline Audi’s status as a “high-tech” brand but
genuinely enhance enjoyment of the tournament for
fans, building a truly relevant connection.
Sponsorship selection
Audi’s long association with football, with its focus on
high-profile, global clubs, saw the brand develop from
a classic sponsor to an owner and organiser of various
leading platforms in its own right – the Audi Cup, Audi
Summer Tour and Audi Football Summit. With these
properties and its year-round association with the
game, Audi set itself the goal of elevating its successful
sponsorships into full ownership; Audi shifted from a
host or a marque associated with the.
SPM 4723 Annotated Bibliography You second major proje.docxsusanschei
SPM 4723
Annotated Bibliography
You second major project for the course will be an annotated bibliography. Instead of writing a
paper, an annotated bibliography requires you to research a particular legal topic or question, of
your choosing, in sports and find academic and law review articles that address that topic. You
will develop a question about a legal topic in sports and find seven law review articles to
summarize. Each article summary should be 300-350 words in length and should both explain
the contents of the article and its relevance to your question or topic. The summaries should be
written in your own words. You are required to select law review articles using LexisNexis. The
format for the annotated bibliography is explained below.
Please put your topic as the title for your paper. Next, each annotation should begin with the
APA citation for the article in bold print (do not include web links), followed by a summary of
the article (300-350 words) explaining how it addresses your question. The complete annotated
bibliography should be double-spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font with one-inch margins. You
will be submitting it through Turnitin via Canvas, do not include your name, course number,
date or UFID on your annotated bibliography (similar to the case briefs). You should start each
annotation on a separate page, and please remember to begin each annotation with the APA
citation for the article as instructed above. This assignment is due on Wednesday, April 22nd.
1.Which of the following is not a key component of the conceptual framework of accounting?
Select one:
a. internal users
b. the objective of financial reporting
c. cost constraint on useful financial reporting
d. elements of the financial statements
2.The balance sheet and income statement for Joe's Fish Hut are presented below:
Joe's Fish Hut
Balance Sheet
As at December 31
2016
2015
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash
$180,623
$60,300
Accounts receivable
$18,900
$14,200
Inventory
$23,600
$25,300
Total Current Assets
$223,123
$99,800
Property, plant & equipment
$129,000
$184,000
Less: Accumulated depreciation
$-26,900
$-21,600
TOTAL ASSETS
$325,223
$262,200
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable
$28,000
$41,800
Current portion of bank loan
$9,500
$9,500
Total Current Liabilities
$37,500
$51,300
Non-current portion of bank loan
$71,000
$42,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES
$108,500
$93,300
Shareholders' Equity
Common shares
$80,000
$54,400
Retained earnings
$136,723
$114,500
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
$216,723
$168,900
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
$325,223
$262,200
Joe's Fish Hut
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
Sales
$137,000
COGS
$83,200
Gross Profit
$53,800
Operating Expenses
Insurance Expense
$1,600
Rent Expense
$5,380
Salaries Expense
$5,150
Telephone Expense
$840
Interest Expense
$1,340
Depreciation Expense
$5,300
Total Operating Expenses
$19,610
Operating Profit Before .
Speech Environment and Recording Requirements• You must have a.docxsusanschei
Speech Environment and Recording Requirements
• You must have an audience of at least 5 adults 18 years or older for all speeches. The audience must be live and in person, that is, physically present. Virtual attendance is not permitted. Your video recording must show the 5 individuals sitting as ENGAGED audience members. The audience should be visible before, during, and after the speech and you should be facing your audience. The camera should be placed behind your audience.
• You are required to record and post all 3 speeches in order to earn a passing grade in this course.
• The video must be of a high enough quality that the instructor is able to see your full facial expressions and gestures. Your instructor will need to be able to hear your voice very clearly. You risk a failing grade if your instructor is not able to discern facial expressions or subtle changes of vocal intonation on the recording.
• Be sure to record your presentation from head to toe. Your instructor needs to be able to see your posture and other elements.
• Be certain to record your video in landscape (wide), not portrait (tall).
• You may not stop the recording and re-record a section of your speech. What you
submit must be a complete presentation from start to finish with NO EDITING. You could record your speech a few times and then pick the best presentation to send. Just make sure you only submit one copy of your best speech.
• You will upload your speech following the YouTube directions and proper privacy guidelines. Speech capture directions and instructions are in Module 1 of the Blackboard online classroom.
• Be certain to provide a video link to your speech that is available for your instructor and college administrators to view without requiring passwords or special permissions. Submitting a link that does not immediately provide this access results in a failing grade for your speech and could result in a failing grade for the course. You cannot use Google Hangouts or other mediated communication in place of a live audience. Your live audience must be physically present at the location you deliver your speech.
• Any attempt to circumvent live speech audience requirements perceived by your instructor as deceptive, dishonest or otherwise disingenuous results in a zero for your speech with no opportunity to make it up and may result in a failing grade in the course and referral to the appropriate FSCJ administrative official for academic dishonesty.
• The video link (URL) you provide for your speech must remain posted, active and viewable until 14 calendar days following the official scheduled end of the semester, according to the official FSCJ academic calendar. Removing your speech from the URL or link you provide automatically reverts any score you have to a zero and will result in a failing grade for the course.
• Attempts to work around presenting in front of a live audience are considered academic dishonesty.
• Posting your speech on a screen or readin.
Sped4 Interview 2.10.17 Audio.m4aJodee [000008] And we are .docxsusanschei
Sped4 Interview 2.10.17 Audio.m4a
Jodee: [00:00:08] And we are looking at the collaborative process between secondary special ed teachers and transitioning and transition specialists when transitioning students with autism spectrum disorder or other disabilities from secondary to higher. OK so the first question is is describe the condition process as you understand it from the guidelines of the secondary transition plan.
Sped4: [00:00:52] OK. So first thing is a series of assessments that are appropriate for assessing it can include you know obviously interviewing the teacher not not the teacher the student and then sometimes parents are involved in that process. Then there's other batteries of tests. Things like the couter doing AZCIS things other interests inventories and things of that nature to get that. Looking at transcripts students grades grade reports in those things and taking those all that data and that assessment information and looking at that.That's my understanding and interpretation and kind of what I do.
Jodee: [00:01:46] So you know it's the responsibility of the secondary teacher special ed teacher as the case manager to interview the students. And you know one of the big pieces that we look at is the age appropriate goals. You know if you've got a student who is who is autistic academically They're very bright. They can do the work but they have absolutely zero social skills. And they want you maybe studied to be. They want to go into broadcast journalism or something along those lines. So it's like having you determined you know is it like a collaborative effort. You determine and work with the other person you know because sometimes you have to be that person and say yes might not be the best fit for you. How does that kind of playing into things.
Sped4: [00:02:51] I don't know like I don't mind doing that or being the one.
Sped4: [00:02:58] I haven't run into that exact situation but I have other situations where students wanted to go straight to university from high school and just had these visions of grandeur. But their GPA would not allow for that or they had other deficiencies and things of that nature. And so it's just it's sometimes it's like literally printing out the requirement and showing them just saying you know these aren't going to work. It's not a possibility. However it doesn't mean that you can't go on to higher education. And just providing them alternative routes like one if there is enough time if there for example is there a sophomore or a junior. You know we look at like Well is there enough time to get rid of these deficiencies. Can you take some of these courses. Can you do that to get your GPA up to get rid of the deficiencies et cetera. Is that feasible. Is that feasible with money or mom is mom and dad going to pay for that you know. And is there enough time or looking. OK well if that's not an option then community college is not necessarily a bad thing to do it right. When did yo.
Sped Focus Group.m4aJodee [000001] This is a focus group wi.docxsusanschei
Sped Focus Group.m4a
Jodee: [00:00:01] This is a focus group with the secondary special education teachers. So anybody feel free to chime in and we just talked about the secondary transition plan and theoretical principles of Situation and support. So the first question is How does political correctness influence transition process. So think about some of the terminology that's changed. For example we don't refer to kids with cognitive impairment as being mentally retarded. So how does that PC influence the transition process. And anybody can feel free to speak up if they would like.
TS5: [00:00:49] Well I guess I'll start because I'm probably the least politically correct person around. I think you make an example of the fact of you know you know with. What you can and cannot say Well not everybody is up to date on the current lingo and everybody apparently might may be in denial about where their child is at cognitively when using certain terms they may expect more from their or their child than they're actually capable because we're not using terms of people understand or that people use. Obviously I'm not talking about in a hurtful way but you know I mean I have a student now that he's I guess they went out of their way to label him. You know he has a label of autism. But I keep telling these people on my autism is not his problem his cognitive is his problem as long as that IEP keeps talking about autism then that seems to be the direction of where they want to go with the services. And and I keep saying that autism is not the problem. So that's just my 2 cents on.
Jodee: [00:02:12] How has that worked so far just to kind of pair off your response on that TS5 how has it like you're able to see that it's not the Autism that's a problem. How do you stear that to the correct path and have deal with this and what the kid is capable of doing regarding transition.
Sped5: [00:02:34] Well I was fortunate in this area where I think it was an issue of the mom was in denial that it wasn't all the other teachers were like no. This is what this is what he needs. You know because of the IEP I'm trying to get him. You know support all the time and it's just a matter of when they look at the IEP and says why is it that it will be this and this and I'm like I didn't write the IEPP I didn't put down autism. I'll just tell you what I see now what I have and that's what it is. And so it wasn't until at an an IEP meeting that the other teachers who see them every day too are like no this is where he's at. He needs the support he needs this because of x y z. So you know that's just for example.
Jodee: [00:03:25] Okay TS7 I'm going to kind of put you on the spot on for a minute when we talked a couple of days ago about that one student what were some of the things that you might have encountered in working with the parents on regarding transitioning him. And you know just to give a bit with a bit of background history it was a young man diagnosed with.
Specialized Terms 20.0 Definitions and examples of specialized.docxsusanschei
Specialized Terms
20.0
Definitions and examples of specialized terms for adaptive behavior assessments including content and statistical terms are proficient.
Limitations of Standardized Assessments
20.0
Substantial explanation of at least two limitations of standardized assessments is provided.
Consultative Role of Special Education Teacher
20.0
The description of consultative role of the special education teacher in helping parents/ guardians understand the process of assessments and terminology is expertly addressed.
Aesthetic Quality
5.0
Design is pleasing. Skillful handling of color, text and visuals creates a distinctive and effective presentation. Overall, effective and functional audio, text, or visuals are evident.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use)
5.0
Submission is virtually free of mechanical errors.
Organization
5.0
The content is well-organized and logical. There is a sequential progression of ideas that relate to each other. The content is presented as a cohesive unit and provides the audience with a clear sense of the main idea.
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)
5.0
Sources are documented completely and correctly, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
Total Percentage
100
.
Special notes Media and the media are plural and take plural verb.docxsusanschei
Special notes: Media and the media are plural and take plural verbs. The use of personal pronouns "we" and "you" are unacceptable in academic writing except when otherwise indicated. The use of the first person "I" is not called for in this assignment.
Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you answer the following questions:
· What were the major developments in the evolution of mass media during the last 120 years or so? Discuss at least five forms of major mass media in order of development. Choose from movies, recorded music, radio, television, video games, internet streaming, and social media. Newspapers may be included but only those developments in the last 120 years or so. We are not requesting the history of mass media, mass media developments before 1900, and identification of communications devices that are person to person and not mass media such as the telegraph and telephone.
· What innovations did each provide to consumers (what was new about them)? How did each medium change the lives and behavior of people after its introduction?
· What is meant by the term media convergence, and how has it affected everyday life?
· Conclude with a reflection on why media literacy is important for responsible media consumption today.
Format your essay according to appropriate course-level APA guidelines. Spelling and grammar check your work.
Note: your first paper will be annotated with regard to formatting, spelling, grammar, and usage, for which you will not be penalized, but you are responsible for applying these notes to subsequent assignments.
.
SPECIAL ISSUE ON POLITICAL VIOLENCEResearch on Social Move.docxsusanschei
SPECIAL ISSUE ON POLITICAL VIOLENCE
Research on Social Movements and Political Violence
Donatella della Porta
Published online: 15 July 2008
# Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008
Abstract Attention to extreme forms of political violence in the social sciences has been
episodic, and studies of different forms of political violence have followed different
approaches, with “breakdown” theories mostly used for the analysis of right-wing radicalism,
social movement theories sometimes adapted to research on left-wing radical groups, and
area study specialists focusing on ethnic and religious forms. Some of the studies on extreme
forms of political violence that have emerged within the social movement tradition have
nevertheless been able to trace processes of conflict escalation through the detailed exam-
ination of historical cases. This article assesses some of the knowledge acquired in previous
research approaching issues of political violence from the social movement perspective, as
well as the challenges coming from new waves of debate on terrorist and counterterrorist
action and discourses. In doing this, the article reviews contributions coming from research
looking at violence as escalation of action repertoires within protest cycles; political
opportunity and the state in escalation processes; resource mobilization and violent
organizations; narratives of violence; and militant constructions of external reality.
Keywords Political violence . Social movements
Attention to extreme forms of political violence in the social sciences has been episodic, with
some peaks in periods of high visibility of terrorist attacks, but little accumulation of results.
There are several reasons for this. First, some of the research has been considered to be more
oriented towards developing antiterrorist policies than to a social science understanding of the
phenomenon. In fact, “many who have written about terrorism have been directly or indirectly
involved in the business of counterterrorism, and their vision has been narrowed and distorted
by the search for effective responses to terrorism…. [S]ocial movement scholars, with very few
exceptions, have said little about terrorism” (Goodwin 2004, p. 259). Second, studies of
different forms of political violence have followed different approaches, with “breakdown”
theories mostly used for the analysis of right-wing radicalism, social movement theories
sometimes adapted to research on left-wing radical groups, and area study specialists focusing
on ethnic and religious forms. Third, and most fundamentally, there has been a tendency to reify
Qual Sociol (2008) 31:221–230
DOI 10.1007/s11133-008-9109-x
D. della Porta (*)
Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute,
Badia Fiesolana, Via dei Roccettini 9, 50016 San Domenico di Fiesole Firenze, Italy
e-mail: [email protected]
definitions of terrorism on the basis of political actors’ decisions to use violence (Tilly 200.
SPECIAL ISSUE CRITICAL REALISM IN IS RESEARCHCRITICAL RE.docxsusanschei
This document provides an introduction to critical realism as a philosophy and framework for information systems research. It discusses the key concepts of critical realism such as the ontological view that an objective reality exists independently of our knowledge, and the stratified view of reality consisting of the real, actual, and empirical domains. Critical realism supports methodological pluralism using a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods to study different types of objects. The document also discusses how critical realism has been applied in social science research, focusing on the work of Margaret Archer and Tony Lawson in developing critical realist approaches within their fields.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17
Running head CANCER .docx
1. Running head: CANCER
1
CANCER
2
Cancer
Amy L Joyner
Liberty University
Abstract
Cancer is a group of related diseases. It starts by continuously
division without stopping of cells. The dividing cells then
spread to other tissues that are nearby. Cancer can begin
anywhere in the body of humans. The cells of humans always
divide and grow to form new ones since the body is in need of
them. This paper has the aim of giving a description of cancer,
current statistics with regard to this problem, symptoms of
cancer, its causes, its intervention or treatment, and biblical
perspective of cancer.
Description of Cancer
Cancer is a name that has been assigned to a group of related
diseases. In all the types of cancer that have been discovered,
the cells of the body start to divide continuously without
stopping. The dividing cells then spread to other tissues that are
nearby. Usually, cancer begins anywhere in the body of human
being, and this is composed of trillions of cells. The cells of
human always divide and grow to form new ones since the body
is in need of them. Cells usually die while new ones take the
place of the ones that die or get damaged (De Pauw, 2008).
However, the development of cancer interferes with this orderly
2. process. This is by cells becoming more abnormal. The cells
that are damaged survive instead of dying. Also, the new cells
begin to be formed even when they are not required (Appendix
1). The extra cells formed even when not required may continue
with the process of division without stopping, hence causing
growth referred to as a tumor. The solid tumor may result from
many cancers, and it is a mass of tissues. But there are cancers
that do not form a solid tumor. This is cancer of the blood, such
as leukemia (De Pauw, 2008).
Cancerous tumors are malevolent. This means that they spread
or invade tissues that are nearby. Moreover, with the continuous
growth of the tumor, some cells may break off and move to
others parts of the body far from the original tumor to form a
new tumor (Bojesen et al., 2013). The cells that break off may
move through the lymph or blood system. Apart from the
malevolent or malignant tumor, there is a benign tumor. The
benign tumor does not spread or invade tissues that are nearby.
There are times that this form of the tumor may be a bit large
(Bojesen et al., 2013). The good thing with this tumor is that it
does not grow back when removed. A malignant tumor has a
tendency of growing back. One type of benign tumor that is
threatening is the benign brain tumor (Bojesen et al., 2013).
Cancer can be classified into many types. There are
approximately more than one hundred types of cancer. The
names given to cancers are as a result of the parts of the body
where they form. For instance, brain cancer begins from the
brain cells while lung cancer begins from lung cells. Cancer
may also be named from the type of cell that form it, such as
squamous cell and epithelial cell (Kipps, 2008). Below are some
examples of cancer:
· Carcinoma – is a common form of cancer and is formed by the
epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are cells that cover outside and
inside surfaces of the body.
3. · Sarcoma – it a type of cancer that emerges from bone and soft
tissues, such as fibrous tissue (ligaments and tendons), lymph
vessels, blood vessels, fat, and muscle (Appendix 2).
· Leukemia – this cancer starts in the blood-forming tissue if
the bone marrow. It does not cause tumors that are solid (Kipps,
2008).
· Lymphoma – this cancer starts in lymphocytes, that is, B cells
and T cells. These cells are disease-fighting cells, and they are
part and parcel of the immune system.
· Multiple myelomas – this is plasmas cell cancer. A plasma cell
is another form of the immune cell.
· Melanoma – is cancer that starts in cells, which turn to
melanocyte. These are specialized cells with the role of making
melanin.
· Spinal cord and brain tumor – they and of many types, though
they are given the name based on the type of cell they form
(Kipps, 2008).
This paper has the aim of giving a description of cancer, current
statistics with regard to this problem, symptoms of cancer, its
causes, its intervention or treatment, and biblical perspective of
cancer.
Current Statistics of Cancer
By 1st January 2014, there were was about 14.5 million people
living in America with the history of cancer (Eheman, 2014).
Among these individuals, there were those who were diagnosed
recently and they are in the process of treatment. And, others
were diagnosed in the past and are not having evidence of
cancer (Eheman, 2014).
4. In the year 2016, it is expected that approximately 1,685,210
new cases of cancer will be determined (Appendix 3). 595,690
people in America are expected to die of cancer by the end of
the year 2016 (Ward et al., 2015). This is equivalent to
approximately 1,630 people in a day. Out of the cause of death
in the United States, cancer is ranked the second cause of death
in the country. Heart disease is ranked number one. 1 of every 4
deaths that occur each and every day, one is as a result of
cancer (Ward et al., 2015).
The progress against cancer can be evident from the trends in
cancer death rates. In the 20th century, the death rates as a
result of cancer went up. This is as a result of the epidemic of
tobacco. The peak in death rates was seen in the year 1991 with
215 deaths from cancer per 100 patients. However, there was a
drop in the death rate by 23 percent due to a reduction in
smoking. Also, the improvement made in early detection and
treatment also causes a reduction in the cancer death cases. The
death rates went down for the most common types of cancer,
that is, prostate, breast, colorectal, and lung cancer (Welch &
Albertsen, 2009).
Most cases of cancer are evident in the elderly people. 86
percent of cancer in America is diagnosed in people aged 50
years and above. The risk associated with cancer is also
increased by some behaviors, such as not being physically
active, eating an unhealthy diet, and smoking among others. The
term lifetime risk is usually used when it comes to cancer to
refer to those who will develop or die from cancer during their
lifetime. The lifetime risk of developing cancer in the United
States is 42 percent in men. This translates to one in two men.
While in the female, the lifetime risk is 38 percent meaning 1 in
3 females (Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2015).
There is survival rate for cancer. Out of the five-year relative
survival rate for people who are diagnosed with cancer, the rate
was 49 percent during 1975-1977 and 69 percent for 2005-2011
5. (Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2015). The improvement in the
survival rate is as a result of the early determination of cancer
and treatment improvement. However, the statistics related to
survival rate also differs with regards to the form of cancer and
diagnosis stage (Siegel, Miller, & Jemal, 2015).
Symptoms of cancer
The symptoms of cancer vary. There those that can be felt or
seen through the skin, such as a lump on testicle or breast. Skin
cancer/melanoma is evident through a change in mole or warts
on the skin. White spots on the tongue or patches in the mouth
are a sign of oral cancer (Hallek, et. al, 2008).
There others without physical symptoms, such brain tumor. But
this can be determined through some effects on crucial
cognitive functions. The symptom of pancreas cancer is a pain
in the pancreatic region due to tumor pushing against nerves
that are nearby. There is also yellowing of eyes and skin
(jaundice) due to interference with the functions of the
pancreas. Change in stool size, diarrhea, and constipation are
among the symptoms of colon cancer (Hallek et al., 2008).
Prostate or bladder cancer interferes with the function of the
bladder through infrequent urination or frequent urination.
Cancer cells interfere with the functioning of hormones and use
the energy of the body. Therefore, it is possible to have the
following symptoms: unexplained weight loss, anemia,
excessive sweating, fatigue, fever, coughing, hoarseness, and
swollen lymph nodes (Appendix 5) (Hallek et al., 2008).
Cause of the Cancer
Cancer results from the uncontrollable growth of cells that do
not die. The programmed death of cells is termed as apoptosis.
So, when this process does not take place, cancer starts to form.
A cancer cell is different from the regular cell since it does not
have programmed death. Due to this, it continues to divide and
6. grow (Heidenreich, et al., 2014).
The first cause of cancer is related to genes (the DNA type).
Mutations to DNA may cause the uncontrollable growth of cells.
This will alter the genes that are responsible for cell division.
There are four types of genes that perform cell division. These
are oncogene (informs when to start division), tumor suppressor
genes (tells when to stop division), suicide gene (notifies a cell
to kill itself and also controls apoptosis), and DNA-repair gene
(gives instruction to a cell to repair DNA that is damaged)
(Heidenreich, et al, 2014).
Carcinogens also cause cancer. Carcinogens are substances that
damage DNA, hence aiding or promoting cancer. The examples
of carcinogens are compounds in vehicles exhaust fumes, the
sun, radiation (x-rays and gamma rays), arsenic, asbestos, and
tobacco. Exposure to carcinogens leads to the formation of free
radicals that always attempt to steal free radicals from the
body's molecules. The free radicals affect the ability of cells to
function normally through damaging them (Heidenreich et al.,
2014).
Family type genes are linked to the cause of cancer. Cancer can
result from genetic predisposition. The genetic predisposition
may be inherited from a member of the family. There is the
possibility of one being born with a certain fault in genes or
genetic mutations. This greatly increases the probability of
developing cancer later on in life (Heidenreich et al., 2014).
As people are aging, there is the probability of occurrence of
cancer-causing mutations in the DNA. Therefore, age becomes
an important factor in cancer. There are also some viruses that
are believed to have a connection to cancer. Some of these
viruses are Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr
virus (a cause of some childhood cancers), hepatitis C and B
(causes of liver cancer), and human papillomavirus (a cause of
cervical cancer) among others. Anything that negatively affects
7. the immune system, such as through suppressing or weakening
it can be linked to cancer. This is because it inhibits the body
from being able to fight various infections, hence raising the
changes related to the development of cancer (Siegel, Miller, &
Jemal, 2015).
Treatment of Cancer
The treatment for cancer differs according to the type of
cancer, health status, age, the stage of cancer, and personal
characteristics. No single treatment can be linked to cancer.
Usually, patients are given a combination of palliative care and
therapies. Treatment for cancer falls into the following
categories:
Surgery
This is the oldest known form of treatment for cancer.
Surgically removing cancer has been used for a long time to
cure cancer completely. This method works appropriately if
cancer has not metastasized. This is evident in the removal of
the breast and prostate cancer (Welch & Albertsen, 2009).
However, after the disease has spread, it becomes difficult to
control it through this procedure. Surgery has become important
when it comes to assisting in controlling symptoms, such as
spinal cord compression or bowel obstruction (Welch &
Albertsen, 2009).
Innovations that are continuing to take place help in the surgical
process. A good example of innovation in this particular are the
iKnife, which sniffs out cancer. Today, surgeons also take out a
certain amount of healthy tissue when they are removing the
tumor. The aim of doing this is to ensure that there are no
malevolent/malignant cells left after removal of the tumor. This
8. will call for ensuring a patient is kept under general anesthetic
for additional 30 minutes while the samples of the tissue are
tested for clear margins in the lab. The surgeon will have to
continue again removing more tissues if there are no clear
margins found. According to the scientists from the Imperial
College of London, the use of iKnife will not call for a surgeon
to send the samples to the lab for testing (Welch & Albertsen,
2009).
A study that was performed in the year 2014 at the Washington
University School came up with a method of visualizing cancer
cells through the use of high-tech glasses (Welch & Black,
2010). This was developed to make it very easy for surgeons to
differentiate between healthy and cancerous tissues. While
viewing the cells under the glass, the cancer cells were seen to
be glowing blue under a special light. This is made possible
through a fluorescent marker, which is injected in the areas
believed to be affected. The marker will attach only to
cancerous cells and not healthy cells. Additionally, if the shades
of blue are lighter, then there is more concentration of cancer
cells (Welch & Albertsen, 2009).
"Promising results of a small early trial at Duke University
Medical Center in Durham, NC have suggested a new injectable
agent that makes cancer cells in a tumor fluoresce, could help
surgeons remove all of the cancerous tissue on the first attempt.
Tests continue to be carried out" (Schuhmacher et al., 2010, p.
510).
Radiation
Another name for radiation treatment is radiotherapy. This form
of intervention destroys cancer through directing high-energy
rays on the cancer cells. This damages the molecules that make
up these cancer cells. The damage makes the cells commit
suicide. Radiotherapy makes use of high-energy gamma rays.
These rays are produced from metals, such as high-energy x-
9. rays or radium, which are created in a special machine (Kipps,
2008). There are severe side-effects created by early radiation.
This is due to damaging of healthy and normal tissues by energy
beams. However, improvements in technologies have minimized
the side-effects through accurately targeting the beams. This
form of treatment is utilized as a standalone therapy without
combinations of other forms of treatment. It destroys cancer
cells and shrink tumors. This also applies to those of leukemia
and lymphoma (Kipps, 2008). But there are times that
radiotherapy is used with other forms of treatment.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy makes use of chemicals. These chemicals disrupt
the procedure of cell division and damaging DNA or proteins.
This will enhance committing suicide by cancer cells.
Chemotherapy will target any cell that is dividing rapidly (not
only the cancer cells). However, regular cells can recover even
after being attacked after being damaged by the chemicals
(Kipps, 2008). On the other hand, cancer cells will not be able
to recover. Chemotherapy has been used in the treatment of
metastasized cancer or cancer that has spread. This is because
the chemicals administered travels to the whole body. It is the
important treatment with regards to the treatment of lymphoma
and leukemia. The treatment is administered in cycles so as to
give the body a chance to heal after the doses. This form of
cancer treatment has many side effects, such as vomiting, hair
loss, fatigue, and nausea. Combinations of therapies are usually
given in this form of treatment. Among them is chemotherapy
that is combined with other options of treatment and multiple
types of chemotherapies (Kipps, 2008).
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy has the intention enabling the immune system
10. of the body fight tumor. Injection of treatment into an affected
area is the common form of local immunotherapy, for instance,
to bring about inflammation, which makes a tumor shrink
(Hallek et al., 2008). The whole body can also be treated
through systematic immunotherapy treatment. This entails
administering an agent like the protein interferon alpha. This
also helps to shrink tumors. Immunotherapy has also been
known to be non-specific through improving the fighting
abilities of cancer possible through stimulation of the whole
immune system. Additionally, it can be considered to be
targeted. This is where the treatment plan tells the exact
immune system required to destroy cancer cells. These forms of
therapies are a bit young, although researchers have seen
success when it comes to treatments, which calls for the
introduction of antibodies in the body (Hallek et al., 2008). The
introduced antibodies are meant to hold back the growth of
breast cancer. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
commonly termed bone marrow transplantation is considered to
be immunotherapy since the immune cells of the donor will
attack cancer or tumor cells, which are present in the body of
the host (Hallek et al., 2008).
Hormone therapy
Most cancers are linked to certain types of hormones. Good
examples are prostate and breast cancer. So, hormone therapies
are developed with the aim of altering the production of
hormones in the body so that cancer cells are killed completely
or stop growing. The hormone therapy for prostate cancer
focuses on bringing down the levels of testosterone while
hormone therapy for breast cancer tries to reduce the levels of
estrogen. There are also other cases of lymphoma and leukemia
that can be treated with hormone cortisone (Hallek et al., 2008).
Gene therapy
11. The aim of performing gene therapy is to do away with genes
that are damaged and in their place add new ones that work so
as to address the cause of the problem. For instance, researchers
are in the process of trying to do away with damaged genes,
which tell cells to stop dividing, that is, the p53 gene, and in its
place putting a gene that works correctly. Other therapies that
are gene-based direct much attention on destroying cancer cells
DNA until that point where the cells will commit suicide. This
field of therapy is a young one, though it has produced positive
treatment in treating cancer (Holick et al., 2008).
Mind-body intervention
This is administered by mind-body intervention specialists. The
practices provided by this intervention are meditation and yoga.
These are meant to complement cancer treatments being
administered to patients. They impact the quality of life for
patients positively together with their families. Through this
process, patients are helped to relax and also enjoy mindfulness.
Mindfulness entails the present moment. It does not involve
judgment together with realizing one’s potential for kindness
and love. Cancer is known to affect people in some ways. These
patients are affected by the disease itself; treatment plans
together with its side effects, such as fatigue. While facing the
stress attributed to cancer, they also have to manage other
aspects of their lives and work (Holick et al., 2008). Yoga
among the mind-body practices gives a person the opportunity
to readily accept their situation. It also makes it possible for
one to face the facts and be in control of the entire situation.
One also gets a chance to benefit from physical benefits that are
very great. Research that was recently carried out managed to
prove that mind-body practices, benefits patients in the
following ways: help patients to manage and cope with stress,
12. improve sleep, reduce the side effects associated with treatment
(such as cognitive dysfunction and fatigue), and enhances the
quality of life and physical well-being (Holick et al., 2008).
Behavioral intervention
Behavioral intervention, when combined with other forms of
treatment, plays a significant role in enhancing recovery process
of a patient. Increasingly aggressive methods have been used in
the treatment of cancer. These treatment methods have called
for the need of an effective method for managing the side-
effects of the aggressive treatment methods. Some of the side-
effects that can be managed by the behavioral intervention are
nausea and pain among other side-effects that are aversive.
Behavioral treatment works through controlling anticipatory
vomiting and nausea. This has been evident both in pediatric
and adult cancer patients, especially those who are in the
process of chemotherapy (Holick et al., 2008). The behavioral
methods integrated by this form of treatment assists when it
comes to ameliorating distress and anxiety associated with
cancer and its treatment. Among the behavioral treatments is
hypnotic –like method. The hypnotic –like method entails
distracting imagery, suggestion, and relaxation provides the
greatest promise when it comes to the management of pain
(Holick et al., 2008).
Biblical Perspective of Cancer
Being diagnosed with cancer is a life-changing event.
Sympathy, sadness, and sorrow are some of the responses that
come to a person. Helplessness and uncertainty are some of the
emotional impacts that may dominate a person. There are other
people that may give up in resignation. But that is not the end
of life. The bible tries to encourage those who have been
diagnosed with cancer not to give up with life. According to the
Bible, if a person has cancer, God has not forgotten the person
13. or the family members. A person who has cancer should know
that the love of God lasts forever. According to the Isaiah
41:10, God states that “…no person should have fear because I
am with you, you should also not be dismayed since I am your
God: I will give you strength, I will assist you, I will also
support you in all situations with my victorious right hand…”
(De Pauw, 2008).
Homework assignments
Many cancer patients only rely on pharmacological intervention.
Those who are diagnosed with cancer should consider other
intervention or they should combine pharmacological
intervention and non-pharmacological interventions. One should
inquire from professionals about things like physical activities,
yoga, and meditation among others. Those who feel hopeless
and helpless should also try to talk to someone, such as a church
leader.
References
Bojesen, S. E., Pooley, K. A., Johnatty, S. E., Beesley, J.,
Michailidou, K., Tyrer, J. P., ... &
Hillman, K. M. (2013). Multiple independent variants at the
TERT locus are associated with telomere length and risks of
breast and ovarian cancer. Nature genetics, 45(4), 371-384.
De Pauw, B., Walsh, T. J., Donnelly, J. P., Stevens, D. A.,
Edwards, J. E., Calandra, T., ... &
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Edwards, B. K., Noone, A. M., Mariotto, A. B., Simard, E. P.,
Boscoe, F. P., Henley, S. J., ... &
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status of cancer, 1975‐2010, featuring prevalence of
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Dighiero, G., Döhner, H., ... &
Kipps, T. J. (2008). Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment
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Heidenreich, A., Bastian, P. J., Bellmunt, J., Bolla, M., Joniau,
S., van der Kwast, T., ... &
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update 2013. European urology, 65(1), 124-137.
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Ernstoff, L., Bersch, A. J., Stampfer,
M. J., ... & Willett, W. C. (2008). Physical activity and survival
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Institute, 102(9), 605-613.
Appendices
Appendix 1
Normal cells may become cancer cells. Before cancer cells form
in tissues of the body, the cells go through abnormal changes
called hyperplasia and dysplasia. In hyperplasia, there is an
increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue that appear
normal under a microscope. In dysplasia, the cells look
abnormal under a microscope but are not cancer. Hyperplasia
and dysplasia may or may not become cancer.
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Estimated Number* of New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex,
US, 2016
16. Estimated New Cases
Estimated Deaths
All sites
Both sexes
Male
Female
Both sexes
Male
Female
1,685,210
841,390
843,820
595,690
314,290
281,400
Appendix 4
Individual types of cancer
· Anal cancer
· Bladder cancer
· Bone cancer
· Breast cancer
· Cervical cancer
· Colon cancer
· Colorectal cancer
· Endometrial cancer
· Kidney cancer
· Leukemia
· Liver cancer
· Lymphoma
· Ovarian cancer
· Pancreatic cancer
· Prostate cancer
· Stomach cancer
17. · Testicular cancer
· Thyroid cancer
· Vaginal cancer
· Vulvar cancer
Appendix 5
Soft tissue sarcoma forms in soft tissues of the body, including
muscle, tendons, fat, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, and
tissue around joints.