Rubber and production technology, post harvest process, exports of rubber

1. Hevea Brasiliensis

3. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)
 Grown mainly in Traditional areas
 Kerala
 Parts of Tamil Nadu
 Parts of Karnataka

4. Non Traditional areas
 Non – Tradional areas
 North-Eastern states
 Parts of Orissa
 Parts of Andaman and Nicobar

5. Unique Characters
 Latex are present in almost all parts of the plant.
 May – June : Low rate of cambial growth.
 Nov- Jan : Highest growth.

6. Climatic Factors
 Rainfall : 2000 mm or more
 Temperature : 25 to 28
 Relative Humidity : 80 per cent
 Sunshine hours : 6 h / per day

7. Bud Grafting
 Replacing a strip of bark containing a dormant bud
taken from the scion plant and bandaging it.
 Brown budding & Green budding: depending on the
colour and age of the buds.

8. Propagation
 Bud Grafting
 Brown wood budding:Brown coloured buds- Bud
wood ( 1 yr old).
 Green wood budding: 2 to 8 months old.

9. Green and Brown wood

10. Polybag Plants

12. Growth Parameters
 Sloping and Undulated lands.
 June/July is the best season for planting.
 Cleaning, lining, terracing and drainage activities on
appropriate time.
 Pitting for easy establishment and growth of young
plants.

13. Planting
 Pit Size - 90 x 90 x 90
 - 75 x 75 x 75
 Plant Population - 400 – 500 Plants / acre
 Soil PH - 7

14. Planting
 While planting budded stumps, the bud patch should
be above the ground level.
 Plants should be inspected at regular intervals of about
10 days.

15. Pitted Field

16. Planting Pits

19. Planting - Polybag

24. Cover crops
 Conservation of Soil or maintenance of Soil
fertility/structure.
 Leguminous creepers- fix atmospheric nitrogen.
 Covercrops are established one year before planting.

25. Cover Crop
 Pueraria phaseloides
 Mucana bracteata
 Calopogonium mucunoides

26. Young Trees

27. Intercropping

28. Tapping
Morning is the best time for tapping.
Recommended tapping- Once in three days
Normally daily tapping or once in two days tapping is
practiced

29. Tapping
 Controlled wounding of bark to extract latex
 75 per cent of the area attained required girth
 Template marking - 30 degree.

30. Maturity
 Rubber starts yielding after 7 years
 Right stage of harvesting –
 Plant attaints girth of 50 cm and height of 125 cm
from the point of bud union
 Best time for new tapping is March-April

31. Tapping

32. Types of Knife
 Michie Golledge
 Jebong knife
 Godge knife

33. Michie Golledge & Jebong Knife

34. Michie Golledge & Jebong Knife
 Michie Golledge:
 Used in India
 Adopted for a high standard of tapping with minimum
bark consumption.
 Jebong Knife:
 Used in Malaysia
 Suitable for high level tapping

35. Intensive Tapping
 Done in old trees for years prior to their removal.
 Increased tapping frequency,extension of tapping cut,
opening of double cuts and use of yield stimulants.

36. Rain guarding
 During rainy season tapping can be carried out by
fixing polythene rain guard.
 30-40 additional tapping could be obtained every year
by rain guarding the trees.

37. Rain guarding

38. Tapping Panel Dryness

39. Tapping Panel Dryness
 Daily tapping of trees will lead to more incidence
of panel dryness.

42. Stimulant
 Ethephon (bark application)- thrice a year.
 First application may be done after drought period
preferably after a few pre-monsoon showers.