19. 3rd Shift
• Network-centric warfare
• Soldiers are reorganized into flexible,
interconnected pods
• Networks as weapons
20. Why go back to the
1800’s?
• Tried to establish simulation (and gaming) as
a theoretical practice
• Necessary in this development to proceed
historically, step by step
• So after Chess (ver 1.0) The Game of War
would be the next logical step (ver 2.0)
21. "...the [game] exactly
reproduces the totality of
factors that deal with war,
and more generally
the dialectic of all conflicts."
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. http://r-s-g.org/kriegspiel
RSG production team for "Kriegspiel":
Alexander R. Galloway, producer and programming
Carolyn Kane, research
Adam Parrish, programming
Daniel Perlin, sound
DJ /rupture and Matt Shadetek, music
Mushon Zer-Aviv, design
Presentation based on text by Alexander R. Galloway and Mushon Zer-Aviv.
28. Simulation
• Top-down
• Modeling the global rules of the system
• Abstraction
• Generalization
• Construction of algorithms
29. Simulation
• The game designer
• the strategist
• the army general
• the law-maker
• the ruler
30. Representation
• Bottom-up practice
• Writing
• Image making
• Game play
• Participation of normal users, artists,
storytellers and activists
31. Playing both sides
• On one hand - Create simulation
• On the other - find the exploits
• Lay the rules...
• ...and then learn how to excel within them
32. Board vs. Software
• The game designer is the legislator
• In board games rules are enforced by the
players
• The same players who try to break them
(cheat)
• Computer algorithms embed both rules and
enforcement
• Debord’s book had several errors
33. Challenging Boundaries
• What are the boundaries of simulation?
• Are they defined by game rules?
• Are they defined by software?
• Can the rule-breaker (hacker) becoming the
rule maker (game designer)?
34. Guy and Alice Debord playing the Game of War (photograph: Jeanne Cornet)
35. Ceased & Deceased letter "take all necessary technical
from Alice Debord measures to prohibit internet
(April 1st, 08): access to this game"