This document describes the preparation of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) via a simple and energy efficient solution combustion synthesis method using sucrose as a fuel. The synthesized SCS-Bi2O3 is characterized and found to have high surface area and porosity. This SCS-Bi2O3 is then used as an effective base-catalyst for Suzuki-coupling reactions of various halopyridines and boronic acids in aqueous medium. Some of the coupled heterocyclic compounds show anti-cancer activity against human hepatoma cancer cells. The SCS-Bi2O3 catalyst can be recycled and reused at least three times without significant loss of activity.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated using a microbial fuel cell coupled with an activated sludge process to simultaneously generate electricity and bioremediate an azo dye wastewater. The study tested different concentrations of the azo dye acid navy blue R in the microbial fuel cell. Decolorization of the dye followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Peak power density and coulombic efficiency were achieved at 200 ppm dye concentration. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed redox reactions were occurring. The degradation products were further treated in an aerobic reactor to achieve complete mineralization. Microbial community analysis and SEM-EDX characterization were also conducted. The combined anaerobic-aerobic process shows potential for effective dye degradation and
1) Novel compounds called O,O-diethyl 1-benzamido-2,2-biscarbamoylethanephosphonates were synthesized as substrates for HIV-1 protease (PR) to exploit activation of the phosphonate group.
2) One compound, O,O-diethyl 1-benzamido-2,2-bis[(1S)-N-(1-benzyl-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl]ethanephosphonate, showed moderate anti-HIV activity in vitro. Its depsipeptide analogue inhibited HIV-1 PR with an IC50 of 31 μM.
3) The phosphonate group of these compounds was designed
Graphene oxide grafted with iridium complex as a superior heterogeneous catal...Pawan Kumar
A novel graphene oxide (GO)-immobilized heteroleptic iridium complex was synthesized and demonstrated
as a first heterogenized homogeneous catalyst for the production of dimethylformamide (DMF)
from carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and dimethylamine. The synthesized hybrid catalyst showed comparable
activity as homogeneous heteroleptic iridium complex with additional benefits such as facile recovery
and recycling of the catalyst. After completion of the reaction, the heterogeneous catalyst was easily
recovered by filtration, and reused for subsequent recycling processes without any significant change in
the catalytic efficiency.
Graphene oxide grafted with iridium complex as a superior heterogeneous catal...Pawan Kumar
A novel graphene oxide (GO)-immobilized heteroleptic iridium complex was synthesized and demonstrated
as a first heterogenized homogeneous catalyst for the production of dimethylformamide (DMF)
from carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and dimethylamine. The synthesized hybrid catalyst showed comparable
activity as homogeneous heteroleptic iridium complex with additional benefits such as facile recovery
and recycling of the catalyst. After completion of the reaction, the heterogeneous catalyst was easily
recovered by filtration, and reused for subsequent recycling processes without any significant change in
the catalytic efficiency.
This document summarizes Keith Biggart's Masters research project on the characterization of cellulose degradation products obtained through pressurized hot water extraction. The research involved conducting extractions of cellulose at varying temperatures and catalytic conditions. Analytical techniques like FT-IR, DLS, HPLC-MS, LC-MSn, GC-MS were used to qualitatively characterize the extracts. The results showed increased cellulose conversion and smaller molecule sizes in the extracts at higher temperatures. Static extractions and use of metal catalysts further improved degradation. Platform chemicals like furfural and dimethylfuran were identified in extracts processed at over 250°C, indicating PHWE is an environmentally friendly method for cellulose degradation.
This research article studied the coiling and uncoiling behavior of sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) in mixed solvent systems of water and 2-ethoxyethanol at varying temperatures through viscosity measurements. Precise viscosity measurements were taken of NaPSS solutions in water and 2-ethoxyethanol-water mixtures containing different amounts of 2-ethoxyethanol at temperatures from 308.15K to 323.15K. The intramolecular contributions to reduced viscosity and Huggins constants were determined using isoionic dilution to interpret the effects of solvent and temperature on polyelectrolyte conformation and interactions. The results showed that NaPSS chains coiled upon addition of 2-
This document summarizes a research study that investigated using a microbial fuel cell coupled with an activated sludge process to simultaneously generate electricity and bioremediate an azo dye wastewater. The study tested different concentrations of the azo dye acid navy blue R in the microbial fuel cell. Decolorization of the dye followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Peak power density and coulombic efficiency were achieved at 200 ppm dye concentration. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed redox reactions were occurring. The degradation products were further treated in an aerobic reactor to achieve complete mineralization. Microbial community analysis and SEM-EDX characterization were also conducted. The combined anaerobic-aerobic process shows potential for effective dye degradation and
1) Novel compounds called O,O-diethyl 1-benzamido-2,2-biscarbamoylethanephosphonates were synthesized as substrates for HIV-1 protease (PR) to exploit activation of the phosphonate group.
2) One compound, O,O-diethyl 1-benzamido-2,2-bis[(1S)-N-(1-benzyl-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl]ethanephosphonate, showed moderate anti-HIV activity in vitro. Its depsipeptide analogue inhibited HIV-1 PR with an IC50 of 31 μM.
3) The phosphonate group of these compounds was designed
Graphene oxide grafted with iridium complex as a superior heterogeneous catal...Pawan Kumar
A novel graphene oxide (GO)-immobilized heteroleptic iridium complex was synthesized and demonstrated
as a first heterogenized homogeneous catalyst for the production of dimethylformamide (DMF)
from carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and dimethylamine. The synthesized hybrid catalyst showed comparable
activity as homogeneous heteroleptic iridium complex with additional benefits such as facile recovery
and recycling of the catalyst. After completion of the reaction, the heterogeneous catalyst was easily
recovered by filtration, and reused for subsequent recycling processes without any significant change in
the catalytic efficiency.
Graphene oxide grafted with iridium complex as a superior heterogeneous catal...Pawan Kumar
A novel graphene oxide (GO)-immobilized heteroleptic iridium complex was synthesized and demonstrated
as a first heterogenized homogeneous catalyst for the production of dimethylformamide (DMF)
from carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and dimethylamine. The synthesized hybrid catalyst showed comparable
activity as homogeneous heteroleptic iridium complex with additional benefits such as facile recovery
and recycling of the catalyst. After completion of the reaction, the heterogeneous catalyst was easily
recovered by filtration, and reused for subsequent recycling processes without any significant change in
the catalytic efficiency.
This document summarizes Keith Biggart's Masters research project on the characterization of cellulose degradation products obtained through pressurized hot water extraction. The research involved conducting extractions of cellulose at varying temperatures and catalytic conditions. Analytical techniques like FT-IR, DLS, HPLC-MS, LC-MSn, GC-MS were used to qualitatively characterize the extracts. The results showed increased cellulose conversion and smaller molecule sizes in the extracts at higher temperatures. Static extractions and use of metal catalysts further improved degradation. Platform chemicals like furfural and dimethylfuran were identified in extracts processed at over 250°C, indicating PHWE is an environmentally friendly method for cellulose degradation.
This research article studied the coiling and uncoiling behavior of sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) in mixed solvent systems of water and 2-ethoxyethanol at varying temperatures through viscosity measurements. Precise viscosity measurements were taken of NaPSS solutions in water and 2-ethoxyethanol-water mixtures containing different amounts of 2-ethoxyethanol at temperatures from 308.15K to 323.15K. The intramolecular contributions to reduced viscosity and Huggins constants were determined using isoionic dilution to interpret the effects of solvent and temperature on polyelectrolyte conformation and interactions. The results showed that NaPSS chains coiled upon addition of 2-
1) The document reports on a computational and NMR study of a camphor-based chiral amino alcohol (2) and related compounds (1 and 3).
2) NMR analysis showed differences in chemical shifts between diastereotopic hydrogens H11a and H11b in compound 2, suggesting conformational restriction from an intramolecular hydrogen bond.
3) DFT calculations confirmed the most stable conformer of 2 features an intramolecular O-H-N hydrogen bond, restricting rotational mobility and accounting for the observed chemical shift differences between H11a and H11b.
Research from a bacterium bacillus subtilis b 3157 by fabAlexander Decker
This document discusses research into the biosynthetic pathways that produce 2H-labeled inosine in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis B-3157. The bacterium was grown in heavy water medium containing a hydrolysate of deuterated biomass as a source of 2H-labeled substrates. Isolation and analysis of the produced 2H-labeled inosine found incorporation of 5 deuterium atoms, with 3 in the ribose residue and 2 in the hypoxanthine residue. The non-exchangeable deuterium atoms in ribose originated from HMP shunt reactions, while the atoms in hypoxanthine came from [2H]amino acids in the growth medium.
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of three titanium-containing metal-organic framework (MOF) photocatalysts: MIL-125, MIL-NH2, and SMIL-NH2. MIL-125 and MIL-NH2 were synthesized via a conventional solvothermal method, while SMIL-NH2 was synthesized using the same method with the addition of a nonionic surfactant. Characterization showed that SMIL-NH2 had a more uniform cylindrical morphology with smaller particle sizes of 50-250 nm and over double the surface area of MIL-NH2. Photocatalytic testing found that under blue LED light, SMIL-NH2 was able to
Adsorption isotherm and inhibition effect of a synthesized di (m-formylphenol...AliKarimi127
This document summarizes a study that investigated the corrosion inhibition effect of a synthesized Schiff base compound called di-(m-Formylphenol)-1,2-cyclohexandiimine on steel X52 in hydrochloric acid solution. Electrochemical measurements including potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry showed that this compound is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for steel and that inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the steel surface was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Scanning electron microscopy images showed differences in steel surface morphology in the absence and presence of the inhibitor.
The document discusses various methods for converting lignin derived from biomass into valuable products such as fuels and chemicals. Key methods discussed include pyrolysis, gasification, hydrogenolysis, oxidation, and reactions under supercritical conditions. Catalytic processes can aid in selectively breaking lignin bonds to produce specific compounds. Overall the document provides an overview of the technical challenges around utilizing lignin and some potential pathways and research toward making it a more valuable resource.
Carbon Materials from High Ash Bio-char: A Nanostructure Similar to Activated...drboon
Problem statement: Developing high-value nanostructured carbon from bio-char, for electrical and natural gas energy storage, is critical to improving the economic viability of thermochemical bioenergy and biofuel conversion processes. Approach: Here we show that chemical activation, using potassium or sodium hydroxide as catalysts, converted the biochar of distiller’s dried grains with soluble into activated carbon with high surface area (> 1500 m2/g). Results: The development of porosity by chemical activation using alkali hydroxides depends on type and dosage of activation catalysts; activation temperature and atmosphere conditions. Activated carbon samples with high mesoporous volume ( 1 ml/g), and nanostructure similar to activated graphene were prepared at activation temperature (1050 °C) and KOH loading (0.05 or 0.075 mol/g biochar). Conclusion: This protocol offers the potential to use other protein rich feedstocks for preparing nanostructured carbon, containing nanostructure similar to activated graphene, as an advanced carbon material.
A graphene/hemin hybrid material as an efficient green catalyst for stereosel...Pawan Kumar
The document describes a study investigating a hemin/graphene composite catalyst for the stereoselective olefination of aldehydes using ethyl diazoacetate.
1) A hemin/graphene oxide composite was prepared and found to efficiently catalyze the olefination of aromatic aldehydes with high (E)-selectivity, showing its potential as a heterogeneous catalyst.
2) The catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused several times without significant loss of activity or selectivity.
3) A variety of substituted aromatic and alicyclic aldehydes underwent olefination using this catalyst, providing moderate to high product yields and stereoselectivity.
This document summarizes a study on the adsorption of a Schiff base ligand onto granulated initiated calcined Iraqi montmorillonite clay via columnar method. The ligand was synthesized from the condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. Adsorption experiments were conducted in columns packed with the clay at different pH levels, ligand concentrations, and contact times. The equilibrium adsorption data fit the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 5.7347 mg ligand per 1g clay. The highest removal rate of 75.7% occurred at pH 7. Kinetic data followed pseudo
The document summarizes research on the fabrication of iron oxide microrods (MRs) with different crystal phases through a solvothermal method and annealing processes. It was found that carbon remained in the structures when annealing at low temperature (150°C), contributing to higher dye adsorption and drug loading capabilities. The Fe3O4-C sample showed superior adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes. When applied as a drug carrier, the MRs achieved mass loading ratios of 12.9% for chemical loading and 7.8% for physical loading of tissue plasminogen activator. The magnetic structures show potential for applications in water treatment and medicine.
Benzoquinone Ketene intermediate in the synthesis of poly 2-HBAMatt Hettinger
This document summarizes a research article that investigated the role of a benzoquinoneketene intermediate in the base-catalyzed polymerization of poly-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (poly-2-HBA). The researchers synthesized a dimer of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA) and showed that it polymerizes to poly-2-HBA with a base, implicating the ketoketene intermediate. A control dimer that cannot form the ketoketene did not polymerize. Additionally, secondary amines trapped the ketoketene as monomeric amides, further supporting it as an intermediate. The results indicate that ketoketene formation and reaction plays a
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphonate framework material (Ca-PiPhtA) and its derivatives for proton conductivity applications. The parent framework Ca-PiPhtA-I was synthesized from calcium chloride and the ligand 5-(dihydroxyphosphoryl)isophthalic acid under acidic aqueous conditions, producing a structure with 1D channels and high water content. Upon heating or exposure to ammonia vapors, it undergoes partial dehydration or structural transformations to form new derivatives Ca-PiPhtA-II and Ca-PiPhtA-NH3 respectively, as characterized through methods such as X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Proton conductivity measurements found the materials conduct
This document discusses a study on the hydrothermal conversion of pentoses like xylose and arabinose to furfural with simultaneous extraction of furfural using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The maximum furfural yield from xylose was 68% at 230°C and 12 MPa. Kinetic data on the conversion of arabinose to furfural was also provided, showing similarities to xylose conversion. Furfural yields from biomass hydrolysates were lower than from pure sugars due to side reactions. Simultaneous SC-CO2 extraction significantly increased furfural extraction yields in all cases. The processing route could be integrated into biorefinery concepts utilizing water and CO2 as
§ The document describes research objectives to synthesize α-hydroxyphosphonates through Barbier reactions of allylic zinc and magnesium reagents with α-acylphosphonates under aqueous conditions. Preliminary results found low yields for the zinc-based method compared to the indium-mediated process. When no allyl bromide was added, the α-acylphosphonate was reduced to the α-hydroxyphosphonate, an unexpected side reaction. Further examination of propargylic reactions may optimize yields of homopropargylic and homoallenylic α-hydroxyphosphonates.
This document summarizes a study on the photo polymerization of butyl acrylate sensitized by fluoroscein sodium in an aqueous solution using β-cyclodextrin as a host molecule. The polymerization was carried out in a citrate-phosphate buffer and ascorbic acid medium with UV light irradiation. The effect of various parameters like monomer concentration, dye concentration, temperature, and time on the polymerization rate and conversion were examined. The polymerization rate and conversion were higher when butyl acrylate was complexed with β-cyclodextrin compared to the uncomplexed monomer. A mechanism involving dye excitation, radical formation through hydrogen abstraction, initiation, propagation and termination steps was proposed based on the
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Chelating ion exchange and antimicrobial studiesIJECSJournal
The Copolymer (p-HBTF-I) was synthesized by condensation of p-hydroxybenzoicacid and thiosemicarbazide with formaldehyde in the presence of 2M HCL as a catalyst at 126 ± 2 0C for 5 hrs. with molar proportion of reactants. The copolymer (p-HBTF-I) was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Visible 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. The chelating ion-exchange property of this polymer was studied for five metal ions viz. Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), Zn (II), and Pb (II) ions. The chelating ion-exchange study was carried out over a wide range of pH, shaking time and in mediaof various ionic strengths. The copolymer possesses antimicrobial activity for certain bacteria such as B. Subtilis, ,E.Coli, S. Typhi .
Diseño y aplicación de estrategias didácticas enfocadas a la producción de di...Marifer Ruiz Tirado
Este documento presenta un informe sobre el desarrollo y evaluación de las estrategias didácticas implementadas por una maestra en un grupo de 4° grado. La maestra aplicó actividades grupales como la elaboración de un instructivo y la creación de títeres. Si bien los estudiantes mostraron interés, hubo dificultades con los materiales y el espacio. La maestra concluye que debe considerar más el contexto de los estudiantes y usar estrategias más lúdicas para mejorar la disciplina y los aprendizajes.
1) Adamantyl-tethered-biphenylic compounds were synthesized and found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
2) Compound 30-(adamantan-1-yl)-40-methoxy-[1,10-biphenyl]-3-ol (AMB) showed cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines without harming normal cells.
3) AMB was found to target and downregulate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, leading to cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
1) The document reports on a computational and NMR study of a camphor-based chiral amino alcohol (2) and related compounds (1 and 3).
2) NMR analysis showed differences in chemical shifts between diastereotopic hydrogens H11a and H11b in compound 2, suggesting conformational restriction from an intramolecular hydrogen bond.
3) DFT calculations confirmed the most stable conformer of 2 features an intramolecular O-H-N hydrogen bond, restricting rotational mobility and accounting for the observed chemical shift differences between H11a and H11b.
Research from a bacterium bacillus subtilis b 3157 by fabAlexander Decker
This document discusses research into the biosynthetic pathways that produce 2H-labeled inosine in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis B-3157. The bacterium was grown in heavy water medium containing a hydrolysate of deuterated biomass as a source of 2H-labeled substrates. Isolation and analysis of the produced 2H-labeled inosine found incorporation of 5 deuterium atoms, with 3 in the ribose residue and 2 in the hypoxanthine residue. The non-exchangeable deuterium atoms in ribose originated from HMP shunt reactions, while the atoms in hypoxanthine came from [2H]amino acids in the growth medium.
This document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of three titanium-containing metal-organic framework (MOF) photocatalysts: MIL-125, MIL-NH2, and SMIL-NH2. MIL-125 and MIL-NH2 were synthesized via a conventional solvothermal method, while SMIL-NH2 was synthesized using the same method with the addition of a nonionic surfactant. Characterization showed that SMIL-NH2 had a more uniform cylindrical morphology with smaller particle sizes of 50-250 nm and over double the surface area of MIL-NH2. Photocatalytic testing found that under blue LED light, SMIL-NH2 was able to
Adsorption isotherm and inhibition effect of a synthesized di (m-formylphenol...AliKarimi127
This document summarizes a study that investigated the corrosion inhibition effect of a synthesized Schiff base compound called di-(m-Formylphenol)-1,2-cyclohexandiimine on steel X52 in hydrochloric acid solution. Electrochemical measurements including potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry showed that this compound is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for steel and that inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the steel surface was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Scanning electron microscopy images showed differences in steel surface morphology in the absence and presence of the inhibitor.
The document discusses various methods for converting lignin derived from biomass into valuable products such as fuels and chemicals. Key methods discussed include pyrolysis, gasification, hydrogenolysis, oxidation, and reactions under supercritical conditions. Catalytic processes can aid in selectively breaking lignin bonds to produce specific compounds. Overall the document provides an overview of the technical challenges around utilizing lignin and some potential pathways and research toward making it a more valuable resource.
Carbon Materials from High Ash Bio-char: A Nanostructure Similar to Activated...drboon
Problem statement: Developing high-value nanostructured carbon from bio-char, for electrical and natural gas energy storage, is critical to improving the economic viability of thermochemical bioenergy and biofuel conversion processes. Approach: Here we show that chemical activation, using potassium or sodium hydroxide as catalysts, converted the biochar of distiller’s dried grains with soluble into activated carbon with high surface area (> 1500 m2/g). Results: The development of porosity by chemical activation using alkali hydroxides depends on type and dosage of activation catalysts; activation temperature and atmosphere conditions. Activated carbon samples with high mesoporous volume ( 1 ml/g), and nanostructure similar to activated graphene were prepared at activation temperature (1050 °C) and KOH loading (0.05 or 0.075 mol/g biochar). Conclusion: This protocol offers the potential to use other protein rich feedstocks for preparing nanostructured carbon, containing nanostructure similar to activated graphene, as an advanced carbon material.
A graphene/hemin hybrid material as an efficient green catalyst for stereosel...Pawan Kumar
The document describes a study investigating a hemin/graphene composite catalyst for the stereoselective olefination of aldehydes using ethyl diazoacetate.
1) A hemin/graphene oxide composite was prepared and found to efficiently catalyze the olefination of aromatic aldehydes with high (E)-selectivity, showing its potential as a heterogeneous catalyst.
2) The catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused several times without significant loss of activity or selectivity.
3) A variety of substituted aromatic and alicyclic aldehydes underwent olefination using this catalyst, providing moderate to high product yields and stereoselectivity.
This document summarizes a study on the adsorption of a Schiff base ligand onto granulated initiated calcined Iraqi montmorillonite clay via columnar method. The ligand was synthesized from the condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. Adsorption experiments were conducted in columns packed with the clay at different pH levels, ligand concentrations, and contact times. The equilibrium adsorption data fit the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 5.7347 mg ligand per 1g clay. The highest removal rate of 75.7% occurred at pH 7. Kinetic data followed pseudo
The document summarizes research on the fabrication of iron oxide microrods (MRs) with different crystal phases through a solvothermal method and annealing processes. It was found that carbon remained in the structures when annealing at low temperature (150°C), contributing to higher dye adsorption and drug loading capabilities. The Fe3O4-C sample showed superior adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes. When applied as a drug carrier, the MRs achieved mass loading ratios of 12.9% for chemical loading and 7.8% for physical loading of tissue plasminogen activator. The magnetic structures show potential for applications in water treatment and medicine.
Benzoquinone Ketene intermediate in the synthesis of poly 2-HBAMatt Hettinger
This document summarizes a research article that investigated the role of a benzoquinoneketene intermediate in the base-catalyzed polymerization of poly-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (poly-2-HBA). The researchers synthesized a dimer of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA) and showed that it polymerizes to poly-2-HBA with a base, implicating the ketoketene intermediate. A control dimer that cannot form the ketoketene did not polymerize. Additionally, secondary amines trapped the ketoketene as monomeric amides, further supporting it as an intermediate. The results indicate that ketoketene formation and reaction plays a
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphonate framework material (Ca-PiPhtA) and its derivatives for proton conductivity applications. The parent framework Ca-PiPhtA-I was synthesized from calcium chloride and the ligand 5-(dihydroxyphosphoryl)isophthalic acid under acidic aqueous conditions, producing a structure with 1D channels and high water content. Upon heating or exposure to ammonia vapors, it undergoes partial dehydration or structural transformations to form new derivatives Ca-PiPhtA-II and Ca-PiPhtA-NH3 respectively, as characterized through methods such as X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Proton conductivity measurements found the materials conduct
This document discusses a study on the hydrothermal conversion of pentoses like xylose and arabinose to furfural with simultaneous extraction of furfural using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The maximum furfural yield from xylose was 68% at 230°C and 12 MPa. Kinetic data on the conversion of arabinose to furfural was also provided, showing similarities to xylose conversion. Furfural yields from biomass hydrolysates were lower than from pure sugars due to side reactions. Simultaneous SC-CO2 extraction significantly increased furfural extraction yields in all cases. The processing route could be integrated into biorefinery concepts utilizing water and CO2 as
§ The document describes research objectives to synthesize α-hydroxyphosphonates through Barbier reactions of allylic zinc and magnesium reagents with α-acylphosphonates under aqueous conditions. Preliminary results found low yields for the zinc-based method compared to the indium-mediated process. When no allyl bromide was added, the α-acylphosphonate was reduced to the α-hydroxyphosphonate, an unexpected side reaction. Further examination of propargylic reactions may optimize yields of homopropargylic and homoallenylic α-hydroxyphosphonates.
This document summarizes a study on the photo polymerization of butyl acrylate sensitized by fluoroscein sodium in an aqueous solution using β-cyclodextrin as a host molecule. The polymerization was carried out in a citrate-phosphate buffer and ascorbic acid medium with UV light irradiation. The effect of various parameters like monomer concentration, dye concentration, temperature, and time on the polymerization rate and conversion were examined. The polymerization rate and conversion were higher when butyl acrylate was complexed with β-cyclodextrin compared to the uncomplexed monomer. A mechanism involving dye excitation, radical formation through hydrogen abstraction, initiation, propagation and termination steps was proposed based on the
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Chelating ion exchange and antimicrobial studiesIJECSJournal
The Copolymer (p-HBTF-I) was synthesized by condensation of p-hydroxybenzoicacid and thiosemicarbazide with formaldehyde in the presence of 2M HCL as a catalyst at 126 ± 2 0C for 5 hrs. with molar proportion of reactants. The copolymer (p-HBTF-I) was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Visible 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. The chelating ion-exchange property of this polymer was studied for five metal ions viz. Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), Zn (II), and Pb (II) ions. The chelating ion-exchange study was carried out over a wide range of pH, shaking time and in mediaof various ionic strengths. The copolymer possesses antimicrobial activity for certain bacteria such as B. Subtilis, ,E.Coli, S. Typhi .
Diseño y aplicación de estrategias didácticas enfocadas a la producción de di...Marifer Ruiz Tirado
Este documento presenta un informe sobre el desarrollo y evaluación de las estrategias didácticas implementadas por una maestra en un grupo de 4° grado. La maestra aplicó actividades grupales como la elaboración de un instructivo y la creación de títeres. Si bien los estudiantes mostraron interés, hubo dificultades con los materiales y el espacio. La maestra concluye que debe considerar más el contexto de los estudiantes y usar estrategias más lúdicas para mejorar la disciplina y los aprendizajes.
1) Adamantyl-tethered-biphenylic compounds were synthesized and found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
2) Compound 30-(adamantan-1-yl)-40-methoxy-[1,10-biphenyl]-3-ol (AMB) showed cytotoxic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines without harming normal cells.
3) AMB was found to target and downregulate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, leading to cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
Bootstrap 4 is a major rewrite of almost the entire project. So, you must be wondering what’s new and what’s been removed? Biggest change you’ll notice in Alpha 6: Grid system and several components are now built with flexbox to start instead of having opt-in behavior via $enable-flex.
Ref : http://www.psdtohtmlcloud.com/blog/news/bootstrap-4-alpha-6/
El documento describe los principales componentes internos de una computadora, incluyendo la tarjeta madre (motherboard), la unidad central de procesamiento (CPU), la memoria RAM, la tarjeta de video y la fuente de alimentación. Explica que la tarjeta madre contiene los conectores para otras tarjetas y componentes centrales como el CPU y la memoria RAM, y que los componentes internos pueden variar entre modelos de computadora.
DALET - Significado Profundo de la cuarta letra del HebreoAJ Nathan Lendo
DALET es la cuarta letra del Alefato Hebreo. También es el numero 4. Esta letra en el hebreo antiguo se escribía mediante el dibujo de una PUERTA COLGANTE y tiene varios significados por si sola; esta relacionada a una puerta y sus funciones: entrar, salir, abrir cerrar.
DALET se deriva de la palabra raíz DAL que significa POBRE. En el pensamiento hebreo el ser pobre esta relacionado con el ser HUMILDE. El ser humilde es una de las mayores virtudes que un hijo de Dios debe tener, ya que dice la escritura que "el que se enaltece será humillado y el que se humille será enaltecido."
En este estudio se toca el punto de como DALET representa la figura de Yeshua El Mesias descendiente de la tribu de Judah que es la puerta para llegar al Eterno. Y percibimos su ejemplo de como El que es la puerta se humillo, haciendose pobre, para después ser exaltado hasta lo sumo.
Por lo tanto, todo aquel que quiera entrar por la PUERTA que lleva a las promesas que El Eterno tiene para su pueblo necesita tener una actitud de humildad.
El Eterno permita que la palabra que se trata en este estudio sirva para dar rumbo a todo aquel perdido que anda como vagabundo (DAL). Y así pueda volver a casa una vez que encuentre su identidad en Yeshua, que es la puerta, como parte del pueblo de Israel.
Shalom.
This document is a seminar submission on catalytic hydrogenation by S.F. Pimple for their M. Pharm program. It contains an introduction, definitions, types of reduction reactions, and details on catalytic hydrogenation including the mechanism, advantages, limitations, applications, and references. The objective is to study catalytic hydrogenation in detail and understand its mechanism. It discusses heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation and common catalysts used like palladium, Adams catalyst, and Raney nickel. The mechanism involves hydrogen bonding to the metal catalyst, weakening of the alkene pi bond, and transfer of hydrogen atoms to form the saturated alkane product.
Graphene oxide immobilized copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide: the first...Pawan Kumar
The first successful synthesis of DMC directly from methanol and carbon dioxide using a heterogenized
homogeneous graphene oxide immobilized copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide catalyst in the
presence of N,N0-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent is described. The presence of a
dehydrating agent was found to be vital and in its absence the yield of DMC was found to be decreased
significantly. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maximum yield of DMC reaches up to 13.3%.
Although the homogeneous copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide catalyst provided a little higher
yield of DMC (14.2%), the facile recovery and recycling ability of the heterogeneous catalyst make the
developed method more attractive from environmental and economical viewpoints.
Sonocatalytic Performance of Fe3O4 Cluster Microspheres Gratiphic Carbon Comp...ijtsrd
Fe3O4 g C3N4 composite was synthesized using hydrothermal simple and facile techniques. The sonocatalytic activity of the magnetic Fe3O4 g C3N4 composite was studied through the H2O2 assisted system for degradation of water soluble organic pollutants such as methylene blue MB , rhodamine B RhB and methyl orange MO . X ray diffraction XRD and scanning electron microscopy SEM equipped were employed for the characterizing the structure and morphology of the so synthesized nanohybrid. The integration of H2O2 and catalyst dosage enhaced the sonocatalytic degradation of dyes. Furthermore, the magnetic property of the sample leaded to easier separation of the microhybrid, made it recyclable with a negligible decline in the dye degradation even after four consecutive recycles. Xuan Sang Nguyen "Sonocatalytic Performance of Fe3O4 Cluster Microspheres/Gratiphic Carbon Composite for Efficient Degradation of Organic Dyes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57418.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/chemistry/environmental-chemistry/57418/sonocatalytic-performance-of-fe3o4-cluster-microspheresgratiphic-carbon-composite-for-efficient-degradation-of-organic-dyes/xuan-sang-nguyen
This document describes a study that evaluated a hybrid membrane bioreactor process for removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas. The process used a polydimethylsiloxane membrane to first absorb H2S from biogas into an alkaline liquid, followed by biological oxidation of H2S in the liquid. The effects of absorption liquid pH, biogas flowrate, and dissolved oxygen concentration on H2S removal efficiency and selectivity were investigated. The results showed that pH 7 performed better than pH 8.5, and H2S removal exceeded 97% at flowrates below 148 g H2S/m3d and dissolved oxygen below 1 mg/L. This novel hybrid process provides an effective and low-cost
Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Using Groundnut Shell Activated Carbon C...IOSRJAC
In this work, activated carbon prepared from groundnut shells (GSAC) by sulphuric acid treatment was coated with Fe3O4(GSAC- Fe3O4) and tested for its efficiency as an adsorbentfor the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The structural morphology and functional groups present were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Various sorption parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were studied. The percentage removal of methylene blue increased with decrease in initial methylene blue concentration and increased with increase in contact time and dose of the adsorbent. Equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic data were studied using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models.
Synthesis of novel and tunable Micro Mesoporous carbon nitrides for Ultra Hig...farnaztabarkhoon
Carbon nitride (CN) materials with intrinsic high nitrogen content are potential candidates for acidic gas
adsorption. However, these nanomaterials should be further treated to achieve tunable textural properties for
ultra-high gas adsorption. Herein, we synthesized dual-pore carbon nitride materials (DP-CN) with a series of
ethylenediamine to carbon tetrachloride ratios with different amounts of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a
chemical activator using nanosilica (SiO2) as a hard template to tune the physicochemical properties of the
materials. The prepared DP-CN adsorbents had a large surface area (up to 2036.9 m2/g), great pore volume (up
to 1.15 cm3/g), and high nitrogen content (10.6 to 15.1 wt%). The best DP-CN displayed ultra-high CO2 and H2S
adsorption capacity at 1 bar (8.3 and 13.8 mmol/g, respectively), 10 bar (16.9 and 23.1 mmol/g, respectively),
and 30 bar (22.9 mmol/g for CO2) at 25 ◦C, which was significantly higher than those of other pure mesoporous
carbon nitrides (M-CN) and carbon-based adsorbents. Moreover, the best adsorbent exhibited good CO2/N2,
CO2/CH4, H2S/N2, and H2S/CH4 selectivity, suitable heat of adsorption, and excellent cyclic stability. According
to density functional theory calculations, H2S adsorbs more strongly than CO2 on carbon nitride surfaces, and the
adsorption energies of CO2 and H2S are related to charge-transfer values from the surface to the adsorbed species.
The results revealed that the exceptional textural properties and high nitrogen content of the materials could play
the main role in the superior adsorption of CO2 and H2S. This generation of CN materials is expected to be
practical for a various range of separation processes, catalysis, capacitors, and energy storage.
Rh/CeO2 Thin Catalytic Layer Deposition on Alumina Foams: Catalytic Performan...CarmenMoncada10
The document describes the deposition of Rh/CeO2 catalytic coatings on alumina open-cell foam (OCF) structures with different pore densities using a solution combustion synthesis method. Three OCF structures with pore densities of 20, 30, and 40 pores per square inch were characterized in terms of their geometric properties. The coated structures were then evaluated for their catalytic performance in biogas steam reforming and oxy-steam reforming reactions. Characterization techniques like SEM, TEM, and ultrasound tests showed that homogeneous, thin, and adhesion coatings were deposited on the OCF struts via the solution combustion synthesis method. The coatings displayed high catalytic activity that followed the order of 20 ppi < 30 ppi ~ 40
Novel approach to synthesis of pentofurano nucleoside assisted natural phosph...Alexander Decker
This document describes a novel method for synthesizing various ribonucleosides using natural phosphate doped with CF3SO3H (NP/CF3SO3H) as a catalyst. Several ribonucleosides were prepared from 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranoside and silylated nucleobases under mild conditions using NP/CF3SO3H. The reaction proceeded through an oxonium intermediate to provide the desired nucleosides in good yields ranging from 20-35%. The method was found to be regioselective, stereoselective, simple, efficient and environmentally friendly for synthesizing various D
ACETYLATION OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOLS OVER BiFeO3 (BFO), Bi0.86Sm0.07Eu0.07FeO3 (B...EDITOR IJCRCPS
BiFeO3 (BFO), Bi0.86Sm0.07Eu0.07FeO3 (BSEFO), and Bi0.86Sm0.07Cd0.07FeO3 (BSCFO) nanopowders were prepared by the sol-gel
combustion method and the catalytic performances were evaluated in acetylation reaction of benzyl alcohol. The physical chemical
properties of catalysts were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDX and BET surface.
Efficient acetylation of benzyl alcohol was carried out over all the nano powders using acetyl chloride/ acetonitrile at room
temperature. Among the nanopowders, BSCFO showed the highest catalytic performance and the yield of benzyl acetate was 89,
45, and 69 percent over BSCFO, BFO, and BSEFO, respectively. Partial substitution of Sm-Eu and Sm-Cd in bismuth ferrite
improved the catalytic performance and increased the specific surface area of the catalysts. A direct relationship was resulted
between catalytic performance and surface of catalysts, where BSCFO with the highest surface area (111m2/g) exhibited the
superior catalytic performance. The quantitative yield for acetate product was also resulted for acetylation of p-methyl benzyl
alcohol, p-nitro benzyl alcohol and p-chloro benzyl alcohol on BSCFO. The catalysts showed good reusability in the process. The
study confirmed the catalysts could be promising catalyst for acetylation of alcohols.
Keywords: Europium, Samarium, Bismuth ferrites, nano perovskite, doping, Acetylation, benzylic alcohols.
Optical Control of Selectivity of High Rate CO2 Photoreduction Via Interband-...Pawan Kumar
Photonic crystals consisting of TiO2 nanotube arrays (PMTiNTs) with periodically modulated diameters were fabricated using a precise charge-controlled pulsed anodization technique. The PMTiNTs were decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to form plasmonic photonic crystal photocatalysts (Au-PMTiNTs). A systematic study of CO2 photoreduction performance on as-prepared samples was conducted using different wavelengths and illumination sequences. A remarkable selectivity of the mechanism of CO2 photoreduction could be engineered by merely varying the spectral composition of the illumination sequence. Under AM1.5 G simulated sunlight (pathway#1), the Au-PMTiNTs produced methane (302 µmol h-1) from CO2 with high selectivity (89.3%). When also illuminated by a UV-poor white lamp (pathway#2), the Au-PMTiNTs produced formaldehyde (420 µmol h-1) and carbon monoxide (323 µmol h-1) with almost no methane evolved. We confirmed the photoreduction results by 13C isotope labeling experiments using GC-MS. These results point to optical control of the selectivity of high-rate CO2 photoreduction through selection of one of two different mechanistic pathways. Pathway#1 implicates electron-hole pairs generated through interband transitions in TiO2 and Au as the primary active species responsible for reducing CO2 to methane. Pathway#2 involves excitation of both TiO2 and surface plasmons in Au. Hot electrons produced by plasmon damping and photogenerated holes in TiO2 proceed to reduce CO2 to HCHO and CO through a plasmonic Z-scheme.
Production of Renewable Fuels by the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 using Ma...Pawan Kumar
The photo-reductive performance of natural ilmenite was boosted and the production of renewable fuels from the reduction of CO2 was enhanced by doping the natural mineral with magnesium. The doping was achieved by high energy ball milling in the presence of MgO and Mg(NO3)2. The photo-reduction of CO2 in aqueous solution led to the evolution of H2, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6, and the insertion of Mg in the structure of ilmenite enabled increases of up to 1245% in the fuel production yield, reaching total production of 210.9 µmol h-1 gcat-1. Displacements of the conduction band to more negative potentials were evidenced for the samples doped with magnesium. Indirect effects such as increases in the valence band maximum, and the introduction of intermediate energy levels were also evidenced through the measurement of the crystallite size and the determination of the band structure of the materials. Mott-Schottky analyses of the samples showed the n-type nature of the semiconductor materials and enabled the estimation of the density of charge carriers, which strongly influenced the photocatalytic performance. The strong potential of the application of natural ilmenite in gas phase artificial photosynthesis was proved by the evaluation of CO2 reduction in gas conditions, which allowed the enhancement in the selectivity and significantly increased the production of CH4 as compared to aqueous solution, reaching an important yield of CH4 of 16.1 µmol h-1 gcat-1.
This document summarizes a study that optimized parameters for the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using palm shell activated carbon. The parameters studied were H2S concentration, adsorption temperature, and space velocity. Statistical analysis was used to develop a regression model relating these parameters to breakthrough adsorption capacity. H2S concentration and space velocity had the most significant effects on capacity, with higher concentrations and lower space velocities resulting in higher capacity. Characterization of the activated carbon confirmed that H2S was being adsorbed onto pore surfaces.
Biological and Medical Applications of Graphene NanoparticlesAI Publications
Graphene which is one of the latest additions to nanocarbon family has peculiar band structure, extraordinary thermal and electronic conductance and room temperature quantum Hall effect. It is used in for various applications in diverse fields ranging from catalysis to electronics. In addition to being components in electronic devices, GO have been used in nanocomposite materials, polymer composite materials, energy storage, biomedical applications, catalysis and as a surfactant with some overlaps between these fields Graphene oxide is a unique material that can be viewed as a single monomolecular layer of graphite with various oxygen containing functionalities such as epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.
1) A new fluorescent receptor (compound 3) was designed and synthesized based on an acridine-imidazolium functionalized cholestane for anion sensing.
2) Binding studies using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that compound 3 has the highest selectivity for hydrogen pyrophosphate (HP2O7^3-) with a binding constant of 1.5 x 10^4 M^-1.
3) Molecular modeling showed that HP2O7^3- binds more strongly to compound 3 than other anions through hydrogen bonding interactions between its oxygen atoms and amino and imidazolium hydrogen atoms on the receptor.
Hydrogen generation by cascading hydrothermal liquefaction of cotton with pho...Richa Tungal
This document describes a novel integrated process for enhanced hydrogen generation from biomass. The process involves two steps: 1) Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass at 250°C in the presence of a nickel catalyst produces a biocrude containing carboxylic acids as well as hydrogen gas, though hydrogen yields are low. 2) Solar photocatalytic reforming of the biocrude using a platinum-coated titanium dioxide catalyst generates additional hydrogen, with hydrogen yields up to 17.82% higher than hydrothermal liquefaction alone. The integrated hydrothermal liquefaction and photocatalytic reforming process has potential for improved hydrogen production from biomass.
A short description of thermal technologies for the recovery of ammonia from N-rich wastewaters and expirementing with membrane distillation for getting better results.
This document describes a study that evaluated the use of a gas-liquid membrane contactor process for selective removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas. The effects of biogas retention time (GRT), membrane thickness, and liquid absorbent pH were investigated. The results showed that H2S removal efficiency improved with increasing GRT and absorbent pH, and decreased with increasing membrane thickness. Lower GRT and thicker membranes resulted in higher desulfurization selectivity. The methane content of the treated biogas increased with GRT and the process achieved high H2S removal without significant methane loss. SEM-EDS analysis found inorganic deposits on the membrane surface but no membrane clogging or fouling issues. Overall,
Adsorption of hydrogen sulfide using palm shell activated carboneSAT Journals
Abstract Removing H2S from biogas that is produced from anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent is a crucial step in order for the biogas to be utilized as a source of energy. In this study, palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) prepared by steam activation was used to adsorb H2S from simulated biogas. The parameters studied were H2S concentration, adsorption temperature and space velocity. The effect of these parameters towards breakthrough adsorption capacity was studied using statistical analysis with Design Expert Software. H2S concentration and space velocity were found to be significant in affecting the breakthrough adsorption capacity.Adsorption temperature on its own was found not to have significant effect on the breakthrough adsorption capacity but its interaction with other parameters was found to be significant. Characterization of fresh and spent PSAC confirmed and provided further information on the adsorption of sulfur species on PSAC pore surface. Keywords: Activated carbon; Biogas; Hydrogen sulfide; Adsorption
Highly stable pt–ru nanoparticles supported on three dimensional cubic ordere...tshankar20134
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of Pt-Ru nanoparticles supported on cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (Pt-Ru/CMK-8) and their evaluation as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cells. Two types of CMK-8 carbon with different pore sizes were synthesized using two different mesoporous silica templates. Pt-Ru was deposited on the CMK-8 using sodium borohydride reduction. Characterization showed the CMK-8 had high surface areas over 1000 m2/g and pore volumes over 1.26 cm3/g. Electrochemical testing found the Pt-Ru/CMK-8-I catalyst had a high specific mass activity of 487
Metal-organic hybrid: Photoreduction of CO2 using graphitic carbon nitride su...Pawan Kumar
A novel heteroleptic iridium complex supported on graphitic carbon nitride was synthesized and used for photoreduction of carbon dioxide under visible light irradiation. The methanol yield obtained after 24 h irradiation was 9934 μmol g−1cat (TON 1241 with respect to Ir) by using triethylamine (TEA) as a sacrificial donor, which was significantly higher as compared to the semiconductor carbon nitride 145 μmol g−1cat under identical conditions. The presence of triethylamine was found to be vital for the higher methanol yield. After the reaction, the photocatalyst could easily be recovered and reused for subsequent six runs without significant loss in photo activity.