The ppt describes the methodology for root cause analysis of general industrial equipment failures / problems. The methodology is primarily based on patented Apollo root cause analysis method which in turn is adopted from metaphysics's doctrine of roots & causes. Approximately 2300 year ago, Aristotle first propounded the philosophy that everything in this universe is due to a cause. The same basic philosophy is adapted by Mr. Dean L. Gano to develop it into a very effective methodology for RCA of industrial problems / causes
QHSE, Security Coordinator, Manager and Maritime, Training Safety Advisor, Accident Investigator, Oil & Gas, IRCA, IMCA, ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001:2005, ISO 18001:2008, Lead Auditor, Auditor Trainer, Drilling, Geotechnical Investigation, Train the Safety Trainer, Safety Supervisor and Leadership, Fall Protection,
This document discusses the definition and process of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation to establish facts and reach new conclusions through scientific study. The key aspects of research discussed are:
1. Formulating a research question or problem to investigate.
2. Developing a hypothesis about how to answer the question and designing an experiment to test the hypothesis. This involves considering how others have approached the problem and establishing measurable variables.
3. Conducting the experiment to either support or refute the hypothesis and continuing in a test and revision cycle to build knowledge scientifically rather than relying on intuition alone.
This document defines and discusses research. It states that research involves systematically investigating materials or sources to establish new facts and reach conclusions. Research addresses questions or problems by subjecting them to rigorous scientific scrutiny. Good research formulates a question, determines how to answer it based on prior work, establishes how the answer will be known, then presents the answer. It involves making hypotheses, testing them experimentally by manipulating variables and observing outcomes, and using statistics to assess support for hypotheses. The goal is refuting null hypotheses rather than proving hypotheses true. Well-planned research includes defining the problem, reviewing literature, choosing a method, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results.
The document discusses the five whys technique for root cause analysis. It explains that five whys involves repeatedly asking "why" to get to the underlying cause of a problem. Typically five iterations are sufficient, but it may require more or fewer depending on the complexity. The benefits are that it helps identify root causes, understand how processes are related, and determine relationships between causes. It works well for problems involving human factors. The technique involves clearly defining the problem and then asking why until the root cause is uncovered.
In science and everyday life, we think a lot about causes and effects. This is called the law of causation. Yes! It is a law, which states that things don’t just happen. Many people think that in life and business and even in other aspects of nature, things just happen. No, they don’t. There is a cause for everything, and for every cause the is an effect. Recall that it is call the law of cause and effect or causation. However, the complexities of life at times may put someone under the effects which he/she did not cause. We will deal with that latter. All I want you to keep in mind now is the fact that, knowledge about causation allows us to understand the world, make predictions, and change things. Yes, I mean change things and you will understand how you can change things through this law. I guaranty you, after going through this lectures your life will experience a turnaround in the way you think and act. Remember #things don’t just happen. In this chapter we shall discuss some of the principles of causal reasoning. First we start with a set of rules known as "Mill's methods."
They were formulated by the famous English philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), who wrote on a wide range of topics from logic and language to political philosophy.
Free Essays from 123 Help Me | Inductive reasoning can be quickly summarized as a method through which a conclusion is drawn from particular cases; this.... For instance, it is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow in the morning simply because it has been observed that it rises every morning. This is an example .... 2023. febr. 15. ... According to Holland (1989), inductive reasoning entails taking certain examples and using the examples to develop a general principle. It .... Unlike in a deductive essay, inductive texts explore the topic without arguing for the correctness of the hypothesis. Here you will provide evidence first .... An inductive essay presents a conclusion drawn from the collective value of its premises. ... Induction and deduction are opposite forms of reasoning. Deduction .... 2015. jan. 1. ... Inductive reasoning is the procedure of reasoning in which we take a particular fact towards common conclusion, but it does not give guarantee .... 2022. jan. 12. ... Inductive reasoning is also called inductive logic or bottom-up reasoning. Note Inductive reasoning is often confused with deductive reasoning.. There are 2 types of reasoning; deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive and inductive reasoning are based on logical arguments. A deductive argument is .... An example of inductive reasoning can be seen in this set of statements: Today, I left for work at eight o'clock and I arrived on time. Therefore, every day .... Inductive reasoning can often be hidden inside a deductive argument. That is, a generalization reached through inductive reasoning can be turned around and used ...
Inductive Approach
Mills Inductive Reasoning Essay
Essay On Induction
Induction Reasoning
Inductive Argument Paper
Inductive & Deductive Research
Inductive Argument
The document provides an overview of incident investigation and root cause analysis. It discusses conducting an investigation by securing the incident scene, interviewing witnesses, developing a sequence of events, and performing different levels of analysis including injury analysis, surface cause analysis, and root cause analysis to identify the underlying causes. Root cause analysis seeks to identify weaknesses in the safety management system that contributed to the incident. Effective recommendations should propose both immediate corrective actions and long-term system improvements to policies, programs, and procedures.
QHSE, Security Coordinator, Manager and Maritime, Training Safety Advisor, Accident Investigator, Oil & Gas, IRCA, IMCA, ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001:2005, ISO 18001:2008, Lead Auditor, Auditor Trainer, Drilling, Geotechnical Investigation, Train the Safety Trainer, Safety Supervisor and Leadership, Fall Protection,
This document discusses the definition and process of research. It defines research as a systematic investigation to establish facts and reach new conclusions through scientific study. The key aspects of research discussed are:
1. Formulating a research question or problem to investigate.
2. Developing a hypothesis about how to answer the question and designing an experiment to test the hypothesis. This involves considering how others have approached the problem and establishing measurable variables.
3. Conducting the experiment to either support or refute the hypothesis and continuing in a test and revision cycle to build knowledge scientifically rather than relying on intuition alone.
This document defines and discusses research. It states that research involves systematically investigating materials or sources to establish new facts and reach conclusions. Research addresses questions or problems by subjecting them to rigorous scientific scrutiny. Good research formulates a question, determines how to answer it based on prior work, establishes how the answer will be known, then presents the answer. It involves making hypotheses, testing them experimentally by manipulating variables and observing outcomes, and using statistics to assess support for hypotheses. The goal is refuting null hypotheses rather than proving hypotheses true. Well-planned research includes defining the problem, reviewing literature, choosing a method, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results.
The document discusses the five whys technique for root cause analysis. It explains that five whys involves repeatedly asking "why" to get to the underlying cause of a problem. Typically five iterations are sufficient, but it may require more or fewer depending on the complexity. The benefits are that it helps identify root causes, understand how processes are related, and determine relationships between causes. It works well for problems involving human factors. The technique involves clearly defining the problem and then asking why until the root cause is uncovered.
In science and everyday life, we think a lot about causes and effects. This is called the law of causation. Yes! It is a law, which states that things don’t just happen. Many people think that in life and business and even in other aspects of nature, things just happen. No, they don’t. There is a cause for everything, and for every cause the is an effect. Recall that it is call the law of cause and effect or causation. However, the complexities of life at times may put someone under the effects which he/she did not cause. We will deal with that latter. All I want you to keep in mind now is the fact that, knowledge about causation allows us to understand the world, make predictions, and change things. Yes, I mean change things and you will understand how you can change things through this law. I guaranty you, after going through this lectures your life will experience a turnaround in the way you think and act. Remember #things don’t just happen. In this chapter we shall discuss some of the principles of causal reasoning. First we start with a set of rules known as "Mill's methods."
They were formulated by the famous English philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), who wrote on a wide range of topics from logic and language to political philosophy.
Free Essays from 123 Help Me | Inductive reasoning can be quickly summarized as a method through which a conclusion is drawn from particular cases; this.... For instance, it is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow in the morning simply because it has been observed that it rises every morning. This is an example .... 2023. febr. 15. ... According to Holland (1989), inductive reasoning entails taking certain examples and using the examples to develop a general principle. It .... Unlike in a deductive essay, inductive texts explore the topic without arguing for the correctness of the hypothesis. Here you will provide evidence first .... An inductive essay presents a conclusion drawn from the collective value of its premises. ... Induction and deduction are opposite forms of reasoning. Deduction .... 2015. jan. 1. ... Inductive reasoning is the procedure of reasoning in which we take a particular fact towards common conclusion, but it does not give guarantee .... 2022. jan. 12. ... Inductive reasoning is also called inductive logic or bottom-up reasoning. Note Inductive reasoning is often confused with deductive reasoning.. There are 2 types of reasoning; deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive and inductive reasoning are based on logical arguments. A deductive argument is .... An example of inductive reasoning can be seen in this set of statements: Today, I left for work at eight o'clock and I arrived on time. Therefore, every day .... Inductive reasoning can often be hidden inside a deductive argument. That is, a generalization reached through inductive reasoning can be turned around and used ...
Inductive Approach
Mills Inductive Reasoning Essay
Essay On Induction
Induction Reasoning
Inductive Argument Paper
Inductive & Deductive Research
Inductive Argument
The document provides an overview of incident investigation and root cause analysis. It discusses conducting an investigation by securing the incident scene, interviewing witnesses, developing a sequence of events, and performing different levels of analysis including injury analysis, surface cause analysis, and root cause analysis to identify the underlying causes. Root cause analysis seeks to identify weaknesses in the safety management system that contributed to the incident. Effective recommendations should propose both immediate corrective actions and long-term system improvements to policies, programs, and procedures.
The document discusses root cause analysis training for identifying true root causes of incidents. It explains that root cause analysis involves establishing an investigation team, collecting information, listing facts, and working backwards from the incident result to identify all contributing factors through a "why, why, why" process. True root causes are found by identifying management system failures and addressing both physical conditions and human behaviors. Corrective actions must then be implemented to prevent recurrence.
Cause and effect analysis provides us with the means of specifying the causes of an event, condition or situation, or alternatively, of determining the consequences that can result from some action or series of actions.
An accident investigation should begin immediately by notifying the appropriate individuals, securing the scene, and gathering facts. Witnesses should be interviewed promptly and the investigator should collect physical evidence, photographs, and documentation. The investigation aims to determine the direct and root causes of the incident by asking why it occurred. A report should be written summarizing the sequence of events, injuries, conclusions on how to prevent future accidents, and recommended corrective actions and follow ups. Certain accidents require reporting to OSHA within set timeframes and leaving equipment in place until authorized to be moved.
Module 2 research strategies how psychologists ask and answer questionsTina Medley
The document discusses various aspects of the scientific method used by psychologists to study behavior and mental processes. It explains that intuition and common sense can be inaccurate, while a scientific approach using steps like asking questions, constructing hypotheses, experimentation, analysis and communication of results can provide more reliable insights. Some examples discussed include how hindsight bias and overconfidence can affect perceptions, and the importance of objectively observing and describing behavior systematically through methods like case studies, surveys and naturalistic observation.
This document provides an overview of hypothesis testing concepts and analysis of variance techniques. It discusses hypothesis testing definitions and procedures, including forming the null and alternative hypotheses, identifying test statistics, computing p-values, and comparing p-values to significance values. It also describes different types of analysis of variance (ANOVA) models, including one-way ANOVA to compare multiple groups, multifactor ANOVA to analyze more than one categorical factor, variance components analysis to determine variability introduced at different levels, and general linear models that can handle both crossed and nested factors.
The document provides an overview of quantum physics and psychological phenomena relevant to leadership. It discusses how quantum physics suggests physical matter can be altered by perception and interactions predict reality. It also explains that neurons form neural networks in the brain and describes psychological concepts like self-fulfilling prophecies and attribution errors that impact human behavior. The document aims to give leaders a glimpse into these ideas from physics and psychology.
This document provides an overview of topics covered in a psychology course for week 2. It includes a syllabus, chapters on correlation and experiments, and a section on biology and the brain. The biology section describes the major parts of the brain from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex. It outlines the specialized functions of areas like the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral hemispheres. The document concludes with assigning homework and noting what will be covered in the next week's class.
Chapter 5Making JudgmentsSnapshot of an episode from Cupid.docxchristinemaritza
The document provides an overview of Chapter 5 from a psychology textbook. It discusses how people make judgments through both conscious and unconscious cognitive processes. Unconscious processes like schemas and scripts allow for quick judgments by organizing prior knowledge and expectations about concepts, objects, and sequences of events. However, relying on unconscious processes can also lead to errors in judgment. The chapter outlines several unconscious heuristics and cognitive biases that influence decision-making.
Positive thinking is not as beneficial as commonly believed and can have negative psychological effects. While positive thinking aims to create positive outcomes, it can diminish enjoyment of current activities and create unrealistic expectations. A study found that those focused on goals had less satisfaction in their workouts and felt the exercises required more effort. Additionally, positive thinking presents an illusion of control over external realities rather than acceptance of present circumstances. The popularity of positive thinking does not indicate it works according to scientific or spiritual laws, as there is no evidence it creates the outcomes intended. Exposing the flaws in positive thinking can provide practical benefits by replacing it with a more effective approach.
Argumentative Essay Examples 6Th Grade Pdf / 10 Easy Argumentative .... ⭐ How to write an argumentative text. How To Write an Argumentative .... ⛔ Educational argumentative topics. The Top 15 Best Argumentative Essay .... FREE 9+ Argumentative Essay Samples in PDF. Argumentative essay | Professional academic writing and hom
Argumentative Essay Examples 6Th Grade Pdf / 10 Easy Argumentative .... ⭐ How to write an argumentative text. How To Write an Argumentative .... ⛔ Educational argumentative topics. The Top 15 Best Argumentative Essay .... FREE 9+ Argumentative Essay Samples in PDF. Argumentative essay | Professional academic writing and homework help.
Neuroscience offers some new insights into the challenge of change and strategy execution in organisations. This article, part 1 of a three part series, explores why people cannot see the future as clearly as the change leader expects.
The document provides guidance on conducting workplace accident investigations, including defining accidents and incidents, explaining why investigations are important, describing the investigation process from developing a plan to writing a report, and outlining required actions and notifications for the Department of Labor and Industries. The goal of an investigation is to determine the root causes in order to prevent future accidents and ensure workplace safety.
Accident Investigation Basics Training by Washington State Department of Labo...Atlantic Training, LLC.
The document provides guidance on conducting workplace accident investigations, including defining accidents and incidents, explaining why investigations are important, describing the investigation process from developing a plan to writing a report, and outlining required actions and notifications for the Department of Labor and Industries. The goal of an investigation is to determine the root causes in order to prevent future accidents and ensure workplace safety.
This document provides guidance on how to conduct workplace accident investigations. It defines what constitutes an accident and incident, and explains why it is important to investigate both. The main steps of an investigation are developing an investigation plan in advance, assembling an investigation kit, immediately investigating all incidents and accidents by collecting facts, interviewing witnesses, and writing a report. A key part of the investigation is determining the root causes through techniques like the "five whys." Identifying root causes can help prevent future occurrences and meet regulatory requirements.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 5 from a psychology textbook. It discusses conscious and automatic cognitive processes, schemas, scripts, and heuristics. The chapter outline is also provided. Conscious processes are slow and effortful, while automatic processes are fast, effortless but imprecise. Schemas and scripts allow for mental shortcuts but can also lead to biases and errors in judgment. Heuristics like availability and representativeness are explored as ways the unconscious makes quick decisions that can be prone to biases.
The document discusses various cognitive biases and heuristics that influence human decision-making and judgment. It provides examples of availability bias, representative bias, anchoring and adjustment, framing, confirmation bias, hindsight bias, priming, and escalation of commitment. It also discusses positive illusions and ways to debias thinking such as using detailed documentation, counterintuitive examples, diverse perspectives, and disconfirming evidence.
Root Cause Analysis versus Shallow Cause AnalysisBob Latino
This document discusses the differences between root cause analysis (RCA) and shallow cause analysis. Shallow cause analysis refers to less rigorous approaches that do not fully explore cause-and-effect relationships or require evidence to support hypotheses. Common shallow tools include 5-Whys, fishbone diagrams, and checklist-based forms. True RCA requires a disciplined, team-based process that identifies physical, human, and latent root causes and develops correctives to prevent recurrence. The document argues regulatory compliance with RCA processes does not necessarily ensure patient safety if the analysis was shallow and did not uncover the underlying causes. A logic tree is presented as an example of a tool that can perform rigorous RCA when used correctly.
The document discusses root cause analysis training for identifying true root causes of incidents. It explains that root cause analysis involves establishing an investigation team, collecting information, listing facts, and working backwards from the incident result to identify all contributing factors through a "why, why, why" process. True root causes are found by identifying management system failures and addressing both physical conditions and human behaviors. Corrective actions must then be implemented to prevent recurrence.
Cause and effect analysis provides us with the means of specifying the causes of an event, condition or situation, or alternatively, of determining the consequences that can result from some action or series of actions.
An accident investigation should begin immediately by notifying the appropriate individuals, securing the scene, and gathering facts. Witnesses should be interviewed promptly and the investigator should collect physical evidence, photographs, and documentation. The investigation aims to determine the direct and root causes of the incident by asking why it occurred. A report should be written summarizing the sequence of events, injuries, conclusions on how to prevent future accidents, and recommended corrective actions and follow ups. Certain accidents require reporting to OSHA within set timeframes and leaving equipment in place until authorized to be moved.
Module 2 research strategies how psychologists ask and answer questionsTina Medley
The document discusses various aspects of the scientific method used by psychologists to study behavior and mental processes. It explains that intuition and common sense can be inaccurate, while a scientific approach using steps like asking questions, constructing hypotheses, experimentation, analysis and communication of results can provide more reliable insights. Some examples discussed include how hindsight bias and overconfidence can affect perceptions, and the importance of objectively observing and describing behavior systematically through methods like case studies, surveys and naturalistic observation.
This document provides an overview of hypothesis testing concepts and analysis of variance techniques. It discusses hypothesis testing definitions and procedures, including forming the null and alternative hypotheses, identifying test statistics, computing p-values, and comparing p-values to significance values. It also describes different types of analysis of variance (ANOVA) models, including one-way ANOVA to compare multiple groups, multifactor ANOVA to analyze more than one categorical factor, variance components analysis to determine variability introduced at different levels, and general linear models that can handle both crossed and nested factors.
The document provides an overview of quantum physics and psychological phenomena relevant to leadership. It discusses how quantum physics suggests physical matter can be altered by perception and interactions predict reality. It also explains that neurons form neural networks in the brain and describes psychological concepts like self-fulfilling prophecies and attribution errors that impact human behavior. The document aims to give leaders a glimpse into these ideas from physics and psychology.
This document provides an overview of topics covered in a psychology course for week 2. It includes a syllabus, chapters on correlation and experiments, and a section on biology and the brain. The biology section describes the major parts of the brain from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex. It outlines the specialized functions of areas like the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral hemispheres. The document concludes with assigning homework and noting what will be covered in the next week's class.
Chapter 5Making JudgmentsSnapshot of an episode from Cupid.docxchristinemaritza
The document provides an overview of Chapter 5 from a psychology textbook. It discusses how people make judgments through both conscious and unconscious cognitive processes. Unconscious processes like schemas and scripts allow for quick judgments by organizing prior knowledge and expectations about concepts, objects, and sequences of events. However, relying on unconscious processes can also lead to errors in judgment. The chapter outlines several unconscious heuristics and cognitive biases that influence decision-making.
Positive thinking is not as beneficial as commonly believed and can have negative psychological effects. While positive thinking aims to create positive outcomes, it can diminish enjoyment of current activities and create unrealistic expectations. A study found that those focused on goals had less satisfaction in their workouts and felt the exercises required more effort. Additionally, positive thinking presents an illusion of control over external realities rather than acceptance of present circumstances. The popularity of positive thinking does not indicate it works according to scientific or spiritual laws, as there is no evidence it creates the outcomes intended. Exposing the flaws in positive thinking can provide practical benefits by replacing it with a more effective approach.
Argumentative Essay Examples 6Th Grade Pdf / 10 Easy Argumentative .... ⭐ How to write an argumentative text. How To Write an Argumentative .... ⛔ Educational argumentative topics. The Top 15 Best Argumentative Essay .... FREE 9+ Argumentative Essay Samples in PDF. Argumentative essay | Professional academic writing and hom
Argumentative Essay Examples 6Th Grade Pdf / 10 Easy Argumentative .... ⭐ How to write an argumentative text. How To Write an Argumentative .... ⛔ Educational argumentative topics. The Top 15 Best Argumentative Essay .... FREE 9+ Argumentative Essay Samples in PDF. Argumentative essay | Professional academic writing and homework help.
Neuroscience offers some new insights into the challenge of change and strategy execution in organisations. This article, part 1 of a three part series, explores why people cannot see the future as clearly as the change leader expects.
The document provides guidance on conducting workplace accident investigations, including defining accidents and incidents, explaining why investigations are important, describing the investigation process from developing a plan to writing a report, and outlining required actions and notifications for the Department of Labor and Industries. The goal of an investigation is to determine the root causes in order to prevent future accidents and ensure workplace safety.
Accident Investigation Basics Training by Washington State Department of Labo...Atlantic Training, LLC.
The document provides guidance on conducting workplace accident investigations, including defining accidents and incidents, explaining why investigations are important, describing the investigation process from developing a plan to writing a report, and outlining required actions and notifications for the Department of Labor and Industries. The goal of an investigation is to determine the root causes in order to prevent future accidents and ensure workplace safety.
This document provides guidance on how to conduct workplace accident investigations. It defines what constitutes an accident and incident, and explains why it is important to investigate both. The main steps of an investigation are developing an investigation plan in advance, assembling an investigation kit, immediately investigating all incidents and accidents by collecting facts, interviewing witnesses, and writing a report. A key part of the investigation is determining the root causes through techniques like the "five whys." Identifying root causes can help prevent future occurrences and meet regulatory requirements.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 5 from a psychology textbook. It discusses conscious and automatic cognitive processes, schemas, scripts, and heuristics. The chapter outline is also provided. Conscious processes are slow and effortful, while automatic processes are fast, effortless but imprecise. Schemas and scripts allow for mental shortcuts but can also lead to biases and errors in judgment. Heuristics like availability and representativeness are explored as ways the unconscious makes quick decisions that can be prone to biases.
The document discusses various cognitive biases and heuristics that influence human decision-making and judgment. It provides examples of availability bias, representative bias, anchoring and adjustment, framing, confirmation bias, hindsight bias, priming, and escalation of commitment. It also discusses positive illusions and ways to debias thinking such as using detailed documentation, counterintuitive examples, diverse perspectives, and disconfirming evidence.
Root Cause Analysis versus Shallow Cause AnalysisBob Latino
This document discusses the differences between root cause analysis (RCA) and shallow cause analysis. Shallow cause analysis refers to less rigorous approaches that do not fully explore cause-and-effect relationships or require evidence to support hypotheses. Common shallow tools include 5-Whys, fishbone diagrams, and checklist-based forms. True RCA requires a disciplined, team-based process that identifies physical, human, and latent root causes and develops correctives to prevent recurrence. The document argues regulatory compliance with RCA processes does not necessarily ensure patient safety if the analysis was shallow and did not uncover the underlying causes. A logic tree is presented as an example of a tool that can perform rigorous RCA when used correctly.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
structure including the traffic volume consideration. Then base layer is done by bulldozers and levelers and after
base surface coating has to be done. For giving road a smooth surface with flexibility, Asphalt concrete is used.
Asphalt requires an aggregate sub base material layer, and then a base layer to be put into first place. Asphalt road
construction is formulated to support the heavy traffic load and climatic conditions. It is 100% recyclable and
saving non renewable natural resources.
With the advancement of technology, Asphalt technology gives assurance about the good drainage system and with
skid resistance it can be used where safety is necessary such as outsidethe schools.
The largest use of Asphalt is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces. It is widely used in airports around the
world due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft
landing and taking off. Asphalt is normally stored and transported at 150’C or 300’F temperature
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
2. Root Cause Analysis
Root Cause Analysis is a systematic process
• Which helps
in identification of causes behind an adverse event
• In a way
that causes so identified are root causes not mere immediate obvious causes
or symptoms
• Normally applied to
Analyze past adverse events
• With an objective to
find out solutions to prevent recurrence of adverse event in future
2
4. 4
Roots Lies in different Layers
Causes themselves may root from
some other deeper / latent causes
Primary -
Physical Cause
Secondary - Causes
related human Errors
Tertiary - Causes
related to System
deficiencies / policies
Root Cause Analysis
5. Let us ask ourselves a couple of questions ?
1. Are we really interested ONLY in finding out root
cause ?
2. Should we really be interested ONLY in finding
out root cause ?
5
Root Cause Analysis
6. In most of the cases our reply to these questions is a
“Yes”
But this “Yes” itself limits our capability to get to
“RIGHT” root causes?
Why ??
6
Root Cause Analysis
7. Because
if we try to get to root causes only, we generally end up with “GENERIC” root
causes
- the root causes which can not be acted upon to prevent recurrence of problem
However
Our ultimate objective is NOT to find out the root causes of the problems
(adverse events already occurred)
Rather
It is to find out the solution(s) so that the same problem do not recur
Hence
we should reach up to those causes of the adverse event which could be
controlled with our actions (solutions)
7
Root cause Analysis Problem Solving
Root Cause Analysis
8. Questions which come into everybody’s mind
• Why we need to be trained separately in problem solving
techniques when we know our subjects very well ?
• What exactly problem solving / root cause analysis skill is and
how it can help me ?
• Doesn’t this skill come naturally to all intelligent persons ?
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Root Cause Analysis
9. The way we think of a problem, is in itself, a deciding factor
for possibility of getting solution(s) as outcome
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Root Cause Analysis
10. What is wrong with our usual way of thinking ?
We assume some MYTHS as REALITY
• Myth : There is a single root cause for each problem. A linear
relationship exists between “Focus Event” and “Root Cause” ( 5 why
method)
• Myth : Believe in existence of “prime root cause” which is not
preceded by any other cause. There is an end point to “cause and
effect” chain.
• Categorical, “fitting into pattern” thinking instead of critical
thinking. Tendency to categorize causes into fixed types, patterns,
stereotypes which we have learned through our experience
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Root Cause Analysis
11. What is wrong with our usual way of thinking ?
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Passing the buck to someone
The buck stops here
Root Cause Analysis
12. What is wrong with our usual way of thinking ?
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Illusion of common sense / being too obvious
• Too obvious to question / to ask for further detail
• Perception that “what is being viewed by me” is the “only
absolute & complete reality” and is also being viewed by
others in same way
Root Cause Analysis
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Everything happens due to a reason (cause). Nothing happens on
its own “by chance”.
The notion of causality (cause and effect) is fundamental to our
quest for understanding of events happening around us. Modern
science had evolved around the same basic principle of “cause and
effect”
Around 350BC, Greek philosopher Aristotle said that there are four
types of causes (explanatory factors) behind everything we see
around us
Root Cause Analysis
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Aristotle’s doctrine of four causes in metaphysics
Root Cause Analysis
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Modern interpretation of cause and effect principle
Root Cause Analysis
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Modern interpretation of cause and effect principle
Necessary elements of cause and effect relationship between two events
Root Cause Analysis
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This modern interpretation of “Cause and effect” principle is adapted by Dean
L. Gano for investigating event based problems occurring in industries or
elsewhere.
Adaptation of this basic “cause and effect” principle is given the name of
“Apollo Root cause analysis”. There are four basic premises of this principle
1. Cause and effect are same thing
2. Causes and effects are part of an infinite continuum of causes
3. Each effect has at least two types of causes – contributing
conditions and trigger action
4. An effect exists only if its causes exist at the same point in
time and space
Root Cause Analysis
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Premise 1 : Cause and effect are same thing
The same event can be seen as “effect” of its predecessor event and “cause”
of its successor event. They are like two faces of the same coin.
Root Cause Analysis
Effects Causes
Pain Caused By Injury
Injury Caused By Fall
Fall Caused By Oil on surface
Oil on surface Caused By Leakage from oil pump
Leakage from oil pump Caused By Shaft Seal failure
Shaft Seal failure Caused By Oil seal not changed
from last two years
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Premise 2 : Causes and effects are parts of an infinite continuum of causes.
We always start with an effect (having adverse consequences), that we want
to prevent from recurring. We continue to identify causes, till the time, we
reach at a point, where we can not find answers to question “why”. This point
is called “point of ignorance”
The effect, where we start at, is called “primary effect” or “Focus Event”
Which effect should be considered as primary effect depends on our
perspective. Primary effect is a point in the “cause –effect” chain, where we
choose to focus and begin asking “why”
Root Cause Analysis
Perspective Objective behind RCA Primary effect
Safety engineer To prevent recurrence of similar injury Injury
Maintenance
engineer
To prevent recurrence of pump seal
failure
Seal failure
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Root Cause Analysis
The more we know, the more we
realize that we don’t know.
As every time we ask “why”, and
proceed along a cause path, we
come to our point of ignorance.
At this point, we no longer have
answers, but that is only due to
limitation of our knowledge &
understanding of the phenomena
in hand.
This premise says that each cause
effect chain extends up to infinity;
hence denies the existence of
“Absolute root cause”
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Root Cause Analysis
Within one set of effect-causes there exist more effect-cause sets.
The more deeply we understand relationship between the effect and
its cause, more we discover intermediate causal sets, called baby
steps
Every causal relationship can be broken into smaller and smaller
pieces with each shortening of the reference time frame. They are
there, but are forgotten or unknown to all observers.
Baby steps are found by looking between the causes, but they are
often elusive. The more we ask why, the closer we get to
understanding specific causal relationships; but the fact is, we will
never know all of them.
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Root Cause Analysis
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Premise 3 : Each effect has at least two types of causes – contributing
conditions and trigger action.
Action causes are causes that interact with conditions to cause an effect.
Conditions are causes that exist in time prior to an action bringing them
together to cause an effect
Action causes are most easily recognized whereas condition causes are
normally ignored either these being too trivial, too obvious or our lack of
understanding of that phenomena
Root Cause Analysis
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Root Cause Analysis
“Why Open Fire?” we see that three
condition al causes exist in the form of
1. Match Exists
2. Combustible Material Exists and
3. Oxygen Present.
However the fire is created only at the
moment the match strike occurs.
In this example, a match strike is the
action cause ; and as soon as that
match strike happens, we have a
fire.
It takes all three conditions and one
action for fire to happen.
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Premise 4 : An Effect Exists Only if Its Causes Exist in the Same Space and
time Frame.
Every effect, we observe in the physical world is caused by at least one action
cause coming together with existing conditional causes in the same relative
space.
A causal relationship is made up of conditional causes with a history of
existence over time combining with another cause in some defined time frame
to create an effect
The range of the “time and space frame” has to be judged with respect to type
of effect. If somebody throws a stone in this classroom and at the same time a
glass pane of car in USA gets shattered then it does not make “throwing
stone” a valid cause of “shattering pan“ in USA
Root Cause Analysis
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Root Cause Analysis
If all these causes did not exist at the same time frame and space, the spoon
would not have fallen. For example if
1. Had the spoon already been on the floor OR
2. The girl is sitting in a space shuttle where there is no gravity OR
3. If the girl had not freed it from her grip
At the same time frame and space, the effect of falling of spoon would occur
Effect : Spoon fell off on the floor from a little girl’s hand
while taking her dinner.
This effect has at least three causes
1. Gravity exists
2. The condition of holding the spoon at some height
exists
3. Her action of letting the spoon free from grip
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Root Cause Analysis
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Root Cause Analysis
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RCA should be performed as systematic investigation using an established RCA
method (Apollo Root cause analysis method) with the outcome of root causes
and solutions.
Root Cause Analysis
The RCA Process
Step Tasks to be performed
Define the
problem
Define the primary effect. Collect data and the facts of what
happened, where, when and significance.
Analysis &
Validation
Use Apollo RCA reality charting method to establish cause and effect
relationships. Validate the different causes with evidence
Find possible
solution
Identify the causes which can be acted upon to control them.
Identify as much solutions as possible ( A solution is a set of actions
which can be taken to remove a particular cause to prevent
recurrence of primary effect). Establish the best feasible solution(s).
Implement
solutions
Make action plan to implement solution with time line and
responsibility. Review the implementation status periodically
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Facilitator to define and state the problem (primary effect). Do not assume
that everybody in the room knows all the facts of the problem occurred.
Root Cause Analysis
The RCA Process – Define the problem
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A complete problem definition should include four elements
1. What is the problem ?
2. When did it happen ?
3. Where did it happen ?
4. What is significance of the problem ?
The what of the problem is the adverse consequence of the event. This is the
effect we do not want to recur. Hence we call it as primary effect. It is a
noun verb statement such as “kiln stopped”, “person injured”, fan stopped”
The when of the problem is time when the primary effect occurred.
The where of the problem is location of primary effect
The significance of the problem the value the primary effect has on the
organization.
Root Cause Analysis
The RCA Process – Define the problem
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Create and Apollo cause and effect chart
This has four steps
1. Start what caused the primary effect to happen
2. Look for causes in actions and conditions
3. Connect all causes with “caused by”
4. Support causes with evidence or use “?”
As causal relationship is developed, continue to ask and answer “why” until you either reach point
of ignorance or choose to stop.
Root Cause Analysis
The RCA Process – Analysis and validation
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Root Cause Analysis
The RCA Process – Analysis and validation
The action cause is expressed as noun ( computer) and verb ( failed).
The conditional causes are normally are of the form “ (noun) Exists” or “(noun)
present”
When expressing cause and effect relationships, we should always attempt to
follow these conventions.
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Root Cause Analysis
The RCA Process – Analysis and validation
Creating the Apollo cause and effect chart is an iterative process.
Follow “square One Loop”
It means follow a single cause path of Apollo cause and effect chart until collective
point of ignorance is reached, and then starting over again with the primary effect
(back to square one) and repeating the process
Each cause should be supported by evidence of its existence in Apollo causes and
effects chart. Assign someone to find more facts, for each cause that does not
have evidence ( represented with a question mark “?” temporarily)
Often it is beneficial to start the chart by listing all possible causes. As causes may
not have evidence at this time, the connecting logic may be “OR” rather than
“AND”.
As evidences for causes are collected and established, the “OR” logic disappears
and final “AND” logic should only remain i.e. the primary effect is caused by “cause
A” AND “Cause B” AND “Cause C” and so on
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Root Cause Analysis
The RCA Process – Find Possible Solutions
Solution act on one or more causes in the cause and effect chart. The causes, which
can be acted upon by possible solutions, need not be at the extreme right of cause
effect chart. They can be located anywhere in the Apollo cause effect chart.
Solutions must meet the following criteria
1. Prevent recurrence
2. Should be within our control
As there are a no. of causes , hence there are a no. of solutions
Start on the right side of the cause and effect chart and begin challenging the causes
to find out possible solutions. Following question should be asked to find out
solutions.
1. Why that cause exists ?
2. What we could do to remove , change or control it such that the primary effect
does not occur
If no possible solution could be found for causes on extreme right side, move to the
causes located next on left side of the chart and repeat same exercise.
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Root Cause Analysis
The RCA Process – Find Possible Solutions