Myself Sorokhaibam Romio Singh,Now uploadindg one slide content regarding role of nutrients in controlling diseases developement in plants that i had given during my credit seminar programme at sasrd medziphema nagaland university. if any mistake present in my slide, kindly cooperate me to make correction on it. Thanku so much
Cost effective ways to maintain soil fertility and nutrient cycling in the farmDorothy_Sanderson
The impact of conventional fruit and crop farming on the soil has been documented extensively over the years. People are now well aware that intensive agricultural activities, such as irrigation, chemical and biocide spraying and the use of heavy machinery, deplete the nutrients in the soil and prevent them from coming back.
Cost effective ways to maintain soil fertility and nutrient cycling in the farmDorothy_Sanderson
The impact of conventional fruit and crop farming on the soil has been documented extensively over the years. People are now well aware that intensive agricultural activities, such as irrigation, chemical and biocide spraying and the use of heavy machinery, deplete the nutrients in the soil and prevent them from coming back.
Rhiza Nova is a proprietary blend of beneficial microbes and humic material. Rhiza Nova is used in hydrocarbon remediation and agriculture. Use of Rhiza Nova as an agricultural additive in both soil and hydroponics decreases the need for irrigation up to 30%, increases plant health and vigor, and increases yields up to 35%.
20 . Kitchen gardening pest control A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A
Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Resistance genes retain a vital role in the face of climate changeICRISAT
ICRISAT study shows that drought-stressed groundnut plants or low phosphorus (P) conditions do not systematically lead to rapid increases in the population of Aphis craccivora Koch, which is the common aphid transmitting the groundnut rosette disease (GRD) that can have a significant effect on production and yield of groundnut crops. Sustainable crop production in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by the limited availability of water, low soil fertility and by crop losses to insect pests and diseases. The advent of climate change means that drought, high temperature and low P continue to be major concerns for groundnut production in the Sahel region. An increase in the drought associated with climate change could increase the frequency and severity of insect population outbreaks, and thus, the occurrence of disease epidemics.
Humic acid is a mixture of natural organic macromolecular matters, it had good effect on improving soil condition, increasing plant resistance ability to stress.
Fertilizing is an important step in maintaining the health of our plants and for keeping invasive plants at bay. In order to grow and thrive, plants need essential nutrients typically found in the soil.
Bactriophage history and their uses in environment Jayan Eranga
this is to describe what is bacteriophage is and what is their use as indicator organisms and important in treating for wastewater treatment systems. also it describes their replication cycles as well as their historic milestones too.
Nano Silver Hydrogen Peroxide made from a combination of Hydrogen Peroxide IP and Nano Silver particles, under the registered trade name of Alstasan Silvox.
Rhiza Nova is a proprietary blend of beneficial microbes and humic material. Rhiza Nova is used in hydrocarbon remediation and agriculture. Use of Rhiza Nova as an agricultural additive in both soil and hydroponics decreases the need for irrigation up to 30%, increases plant health and vigor, and increases yields up to 35%.
20 . Kitchen gardening pest control A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A
Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Resistance genes retain a vital role in the face of climate changeICRISAT
ICRISAT study shows that drought-stressed groundnut plants or low phosphorus (P) conditions do not systematically lead to rapid increases in the population of Aphis craccivora Koch, which is the common aphid transmitting the groundnut rosette disease (GRD) that can have a significant effect on production and yield of groundnut crops. Sustainable crop production in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by the limited availability of water, low soil fertility and by crop losses to insect pests and diseases. The advent of climate change means that drought, high temperature and low P continue to be major concerns for groundnut production in the Sahel region. An increase in the drought associated with climate change could increase the frequency and severity of insect population outbreaks, and thus, the occurrence of disease epidemics.
Humic acid is a mixture of natural organic macromolecular matters, it had good effect on improving soil condition, increasing plant resistance ability to stress.
Fertilizing is an important step in maintaining the health of our plants and for keeping invasive plants at bay. In order to grow and thrive, plants need essential nutrients typically found in the soil.
Bactriophage history and their uses in environment Jayan Eranga
this is to describe what is bacteriophage is and what is their use as indicator organisms and important in treating for wastewater treatment systems. also it describes their replication cycles as well as their historic milestones too.
Nano Silver Hydrogen Peroxide made from a combination of Hydrogen Peroxide IP and Nano Silver particles, under the registered trade name of Alstasan Silvox.
The soil is teeming with millions of living organisms which make it living as well as dynamic system.
Under a microscope, it reveals a complex arrangement of soil particles and pore spaces filled with air and water. It is in these pore-spaces that plant roots and millions of organisms develop, ranging from sub-microscopic to macroscopic in size.
These organisms not only help in the development of soil but are also the primary driving agent of nutrient cycling, regulating the dynamics of soil organic matter, enhancing the amount of nutrient acquisition by vegetation, conferring stress tolerance, resisting pathogens and improving plant health.
A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH FOR MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENSprakash mani kumar
soil borne pathogens cause a significant economic losses in agricultural production all over the world. The disease caused by these pathogens are difficult to predict, detect, diagnose and successfully control. A sustainable management approaches are very important to minimize the activity of these pathogens. ther eare various method to manage the soil borne pathogens such as cultural methods, physical methods, chemical methods, biological methods and growing a resistant varieties. The effective control of the soil borne pathogens is possible only through detailed study on survival and dessemination of these pathogens. effect of environmental conditions, role of cultural practices and host resistance and susceptibility will play a major role in disease management.
Alleviation of Salinity Effects by Poultry Manure and Gibberellin Application...IJEAB
Capsicum is one of the most widely consumed vegetables and is also used as a spice for its pungency. Many species of Capsicum are being cultivated worldwide. Capsicum is considered as a commercial crop for their economic value. However, the yield of the crop suffers severely due to salt stress, Soil salinity reduces water availability of plant roots via negative (low) osmosis potential, as well as decrease of germination dynamics of plant seeds by ionic toxicity of Na and Cl , Significant differences in fruit-set, yield, photo synthetic rates, stomata conductance, total chlorophyll content, proline, In general, salinity affects almost every aspect of the physiology and biochemistry of plants. The aim of this study was to determine the salt tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L) under salinity stress by saline irrigation water, Poultry and gibberellins applications were used to alleviated the negative effects on growth parameters and yield of Pepper under salinity stress. The water salinity levels led to a significant elevation in the values of electrical conductivity of the soil with the peroxidase activity, and Sodium and proline contents in leaves, while resulting in decrease in growth parameters and leave contents of ( NPK),The poultry and gibberellins applications increased the growth parameters ( Dry weight of shoot and root &fruit weight) and (NPK) contents in leaves with slight dropping of peroxidase activity in leaves while a clear dropping of sodium and proline contents in leave. That possible to mitigation the negative affect of salt stress by some application like exogenous hormones and Decomposed organic matter to solve the disruption of endohormons and lack of available nutrients under salt stress, and elevation of osmotic stress in soil solution in roots area. The GA & poultry application improved the growth and it has increased the Pepper tolerance to the abiotic stress which was exerted by saline irrigation water.
Organic and inorganic nutrient sources influeced growth, flowering, fruition,...Innspub Net
Fruit relative water content, carotenoid total chlorophyll content, flowering, fruition, growth and yield parameters of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars: ‘Granada’, ‘Goliath’ and ‘Nobili’ were evaluated under two level of irrigation water: tap water (control) and tap water + 50mm NaCl, organic and inorganic fertilization in order to determine the field performance, for the improvement of smallholder agriculture in Cameroon. Four fertilizer application rates (0, 3, 6 and 12 t.ha-1) of Water Lettuce (WL) and Poultry Manure (PM) and 100kg/ha of NPK were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with four replications. The results overall indicated that the raising of fertilizer application rate of PM an WL increased significatively (p<0.05) carotenoid content, fruit water content, growth and agronomical parameters and decreased the date of flowering and fruition for all varieties studied compared to the control and NPK fertilizer, and what it regardless of the level of salinity. Application of WL or PM at 12 t ha-1 and NPK significantly increased fruit water content, growth and yield parameters in Granada compared to other cultivars. Irrigation of saline water decreased significantly (p<0.05) growth and yield parameters of all varieties. Significant (p<0.05) increased in growth parameters was observed in all cultivars at NPK fertilization. ‘Granada’ showed better growth and yield than ‘Nobili’ and ‘Goliath’ revealing a greater response of this cultivar to fertilization. This study is important contribution to identify tolerant cultivars for salt stress and permit to restore soil fertility and increase yield in coastal areas in Cameroun througth culture of Granada tolerant’s cultivar for salt stress.
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Role of nutrients in controlling diseases development in.pptx
1. Role of Nutrients in controlling
Disease development in Plants
Presented by
Sorokhaibam Romio Singh
M.Sc.Plant Pathology 4th sem.2020-22
Roll no .M-1399/20
2. KEY POINTS:
• Introduction
• Soil nutrients: Macro and Micronutrients
• Role and Deficiency Symptoms.
• Effect on severity of Diseases
• Relationship between cations and disease
severity of crops.
• Important micronutrients functions.
• Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
• Nutrients are important for growth and development of plants and also
microorganism and they are important factors in diseases control (Agrios
2005).All the essential nutrients can affect disease severity(Huber & Graham
1999).
• However,there is no general rule, as a particular nutrients can decrease the
severity of a disease but can also increase the severity of the disease
incidence of other disease or have a completely opposite effect in a different
environment(Maschner1995:Graham&webb1991:Huber1980).
• Despite the fact that importance of nutrients in disease control has been
recognized for some of the most severe diseases, the correct management of
nutrients in order to control disease in plants has received little attention
(Huber & Graham 1999)
4. SOIL NUTRIENTS AND IT’S ROLE
Macro vs Micro Nutrients
Macronutrients are required by the plants in
relatively large amount
Micronutrients are required only in small
amounts: minor or trace elements.
7. Functions of Nitrogen
Promotes growth of leaves and stem
Gives dark Colour and improves quality of
foliage
Necessary to develop cell protien and
Chlorophyll
11. Functions of Phosphorous
Stimulates early formation and growth of
roots
Provides for fast and vigorous growth and
speeds maturity
Stimulates flowering and seed development
Necessary for the enzyme action of many
plant process.
15. Function of potassium
Used to form Carbohydrate and protiens
Formation and transfer of starch ,sugar and
oils.
Increase Disease resistance,vigour and
hardiness.
19. Effect of k, N and Ca on severity of
Phytopthora Diseases
Pathogen Host/Diseases factor Effect
P.infestans Potato late Blight K
High k
High N
Decrease
Increase
P.capsici Pepper Blight K Decrease
P.drechsleri Pigeon pea Blight High K
Low N
Decrease
P.parasitica Citrus gummosis High k
Low Ca
Increase
Phytophthora,its Biology ,taxonomy, ecology and pathology,1983,APS press,st.paul,MN page
191.
20. Relationship Between cation content and severity of
infection with Botrytis Cinerea Pars. in Lettuce.
K Ca Mg Infection with
Botrytis
14.4 10.6 3.2 4
23.8 5.4 4.1 7
34.2 2.2 4.7 13
48.9 1.8 4.8 15
Cation content (mg/g dry wt.)
Infection index: 0-5 slight infection
6-10 moderate infection
11-15 severe infection
Based on krauss (1971), 1998, “ Mineral Nutrition of Higher plants 2nd Horst
Marschner.p.447
21. Tentative summary of the effect of Nitrogen
and Potassium level on the severity of Diseases
caused by parasites.
Pathogen and Diseases
Obligate parasites
Nitrogen level
low High
Puccinia spp (rusts) + +++
Erysiphe graminis (powdery
mildew)
+ +++
Facultative parasites
Alternaria spp.(leaf spots) +++ +
Fusarium oxysporum(wilts and rots) +++ +
Xanthomonas spp.(spots and wilts) +++ +
22. Tentative summary of the Effect of Nitrogen and
Potassium level on the severity of Diseases caused by
parasites (continued…)
Pathogen and Diseases Potassium level
Obligate parasite Low High
Puccinia spp.(rust) ++++ +
Erysiphe graminis (powdery
mildew)
++++ +
Facultative parasites
Alternaria spp.(leaf spots) ++++ +
Fusarium oxysporum (wilts and
rots)
++++ +
Xathomonas spp.(spots and wilts) ++++ +
23. Fig:8.1 Effect of potassium supply on grain yield of wetland rice and
incidence of stem-rot( Helminthosporium sigmoideum). Basal dressing of
nitrogen and phosphorus constant at 120 and
60 kg ha−1, respectively (Adopted from Ismunadji 1976
24. Fig:8.2. Mechanism of K in disease resistance in host plant –
Adopted from Wang-et-al-2013
26. Copper – Cu2+
Increase cuticle thickness
Cuticle : a barrier to infection
Necessary for Polyphenoloxidase activity
Polyphenoloxidase system produces some phytoalexins and other
anti-pathogenic molecule.
Phyto alexins- antimicrobial compounds produced by plants in
response to a host -parasite interaction.
Dieback and gumming disease in citrus
27. Boron- B
Increases the uptake of Cation (blevins,Schon, v.of Missouri)
K, Ca and Cu are cations that are vital for plant resistance to
disease.
Involved in the metabolism of phenolics.
Phenolics include phytoalexins and other molecules that are
toxic to plant pathogen.
Necrotic pith and hollow curd formation
28. Manganese- Mn++
Involved in the production of lignin
Lignin is the principal component of wood and very difficult
to degrade.
Wheat with higher uptake of manganese has a higher content
of lignin and is more resistant to take all diseases.
Mn2+ inhibits the enzyme pectin methyl-esterase
Pectin methyl esterase is a fungal pathogen exo-enzyme for
degrading host cell walls.
Yellowing leaves top down
29. CONCLUSION
Nutrients can reduce disease to an
acceptable level ,or at least to a level at
which further control by other cultural
practices or conventional organic biocides are
more successful and less expensive.