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(1) The document discusses the development of European identity and citizenship in the context of increasing multiculturalism across Europe. It explores how cultural identities can be both inclusive and exclusive. (2) A key challenge is allowing cultural diversity while also building a shared European identity based on mutual respect and acceptance of differences. Education plays an important role in promoting multicultural integration through universal values of equality, freedom and solidarity. (3) The formation of identity is explored through theories of social identification and comparison. Identity is seen as an ongoing process where individuals may identify with multiple social groups and traditions while adapting to new cultural environments.
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Anthro_Topic-2_Culture (2).pptx
This document defines culture and discusses some key cultural concepts. It begins by defining culture as the customs, knowledge, and objects attained through human skills that are socially transmitted. It then outlines several major characteristics of culture, including that it is all-encompassing, socially learned, symbolic, and patterned. The document also discusses some important cultural concepts such as ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, and the relationship between culture and human behavior. Specifically, it explains how culture shapes human behavior through influencing our skills, values, beliefs, and worldview.
Philosophical
This document discusses culture and its impact on education. It defines culture and examines its functions, components, and characterizations. Culture provides ways to meet basic needs, a sense of belonging, and determines what is valued in society. However, some cultures privilege certain styles in schools, like written communication and analytic thinking, which can disadvantage students from cultures with different styles. The document cautions against overgeneralizing cultures but notes schools often socialize students into the dominant culture, with effects on student identities. It concludes schools must recognize their role in cultural socialization and take steps to provide an educational experience that does not harm student identities.
041E
This document provides an overview of intercultural communication and key concepts related to culture. It defines culture as the learned characteristics common to a group, differentiating between patterns of thought, behavior, artifacts, and impacts on nature. Intercultural communication is defined as the sharing of information between people with different cultural backgrounds. The document warns of stereotyping cultures and emphasizes examining communication within specific activities to avoid overgeneralization. It also discusses the concepts of ethnicity, social identity, and how people construct their identity through cultural characteristics.
Lecture culture
Culture consists of shared knowledge and patterns of behavior that are socially learned and transmitted between members of a society. It is responsible for most differences between human groups and provides essential psychological and social development for individuals. Culture originated around 80,000 years ago when humanity developed the capacity for language, which allowed for the symbolic communication necessary for culture to exist.
Presentation (2).pptx
Culture can be defined as the acquired knowledge, beliefs, arts, and customs that are shared and passed down by members of a society. It includes aspects like language, religion, social norms, and other practices. A key part of culture is socialization - the process by which people are trained to be part of their society and adopt its values and behaviors from an early age through various socializing agents. Culture plays an important role in socialization by defining situations, providing a base for social norms, transforming individuals, and shaping attitudes. A transcultural society is one in which multiple cultures interact and blend together, resulting in cultural exchange and the emergence of new shared values across national and cultural boundaries.
The Nature of CultureThe Brief DefinitionCulture i.docx
The Nature of Culture
The Brief Definition
Culture is that which is learned, shared,
and transmitted
– Learning: we are taught culture, as opposed
to it being instinctual or purely biological
– Shared: culture is a characteristic of groups.
An individual’s learned behaviors are not
cultural unless others share them.
– Transmitted: Cultural behaviors are multi-
generational, often lasting for hundreds or
thousands of years.
A Brief History of Culture
Since Homo habilis, if not before, hominins
have been cultural (over 2 million years)
Culture was, and is a means of adaptation
Culture is, to some extent, a solution to
problems and cultural differences
throughout the world are rooted in different
problems and/or different solutions to
similar problems
Culture is learned
The process of learning culture is called
“Enculturation”
The “Mama Theory”: culture is how your
mama raises you
Human behavior is malleable and any
infant can be enculturated into any culture
Culture is Shared
By definition culture is about groups of people
Those groups can be of varying scales
– Societies: a group of people who interact with each
other on a regular basis
Societies are groups, culture is something that binds them
together
– Smaller groups: ethnic groups, religious groups, kin
groups
– These smaller groups may possess distinctive forms
of behavior, belief, speech, etc. that we can define as
a sub-culture
Sub-Cultures
Sub-cultures always stand in a relationship to
the broader (society-wide) dominant culture
Examples: In greater LA we might
(hypothetically)identify sub-cultures defined by
ethnicity, such as Latino culture, African
American culture, Armenian culture, etc. Each
of these articulates with the others through
intersection with the dominant culture, which,
arguably, is based on Western European
cultural traditions such as the use of English for
most official business.
Culture is transmitted
Learning is transmission, but learning over
generations builds cultural traditions
Not just what is learned, but how it is learned is
part of culture
Sources of learning (agents of enculturation may
include
– Observation
– Oral history
– Formal schools
– apprenticeships
– Public media (TV, movies, advertising, music,
literature)
Culture: The Long definition
Tylor (1871)
– “Culture is that complex whole, which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom and
any other capabilities acquired by man (sic)
as a member of society
Culture is Integrated
Culture isn’t transmitted piecemeal, but
more commonly as a whole package
Economics, social organization,
subsistence, politics, religion, all fit
together (the key insight of the
functionalist school).
Even when we study aspects of culture in
isolation, it is important to remember the
constitution of the whole
Ethnocentrism and Cultural
Relativism
Ethnocentrism is the belief that your own culture
is su ...
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The Nature of CultureThe Brief DefinitionCulture i.docx
The Nature of CultureThe Brief DefinitionCulture i.docx
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