The document provides biographical information about Rob Marshall and discusses his work directing musical films. It notes that as a child he enjoyed making home movies and was a talented dancer. His first film was Annie and directing was not initially something he saw himself doing. The document discusses how Marshall seamlessly integrates elements like music, dance, and design into his film directing. It also provides details on Marshall's process for choreographing musical numbers and transitioning between scenes.
This document outlines the basic and modifying elements of architecture that contribute to defining spaces. The basic elements include defined areas, platforms, pits, markers, focuses, barriers, roofs, supports, paths, and openings. Modifying elements that alter the experience of these spaces include light, color, temperature, ventilation, sound, smell, texture, scale, and time. Together, the basic architectural structures and how they are modified create varied places with unique atmospheres defined by both physical and sensory qualities.
Wines are classified into four main groups: table wine/still wine, sparkling wine, fortified wine, and aromatised wine. Table wines can be red, white, or rose depending on the grape variety used. Red wine is made from red grapes and fermented with the skins for flavor. White wine uses green grapes and removes the skins earlier. Rose wine is a light red made by brief skin contact. Fortified wines have brandy or spirits added. Aromatised wines contain added flavors like herbs or fruits. Proper wine storage involves keeping the cellar clean, cool, and dark and storing bottles horizontally on racks labeled for easy identification.
1. The Plateresque style of Spanish Renaissance architecture was highly decorative, resembling silversmith work, and was used prominently on the University of Salamanca facade and Seville Town Hall.
2. Classical style had less decoration and more Italian Renaissance influence, seen in the Palace of Charles V in Granada and the Cathedral of Granada.
3. The Herrerian style under Juan de Herrera featured undecorated, "naked" buildings like the Escorial monastery and palace complex near Madrid.
Here is a quick slide show about red wine. Learn what red wine is, how it is made, what to drink it with, and more. Read this today and sound way more experienced at your next dinner party. Enjoy!
Yeast plays an important role in wine production by converting the sugars in grapes into alcohol and carbon dioxide through fermentation. The document discusses the history of understanding yeast's role, from ancient observations of fermentation to Pasteur's discovery of yeast cells' role in the 19th century. It also covers the characteristics and species of yeast used in winemaking, as well as the full wine production process from grape harvesting to bottling.
Windows come in a variety of types and designs to serve different functions. The most common type is the casement window, which has two panes that open outward from the frame, providing good illumination while obstructing little light. Other common types include double-hung or sash windows with two glass panes that open independently, as well as bay windows comprising three windows that form an alcove protruding from the house to create a sense of spaciousness. Proper treatment of windows depends on their shape, size and location within a room or house.
The Colosseum in Rome was built between 70-80 AD under the Roman Emperors Vespasian and Titus. It was an elliptical amphitheater used to host gladiator fights and public spectacles. The Colosseum demonstrated Rome's immense wealth and power through its massive scale and innovative use of arches, vaults, and concrete in its construction. It could hold up to 80,000 spectators and was the largest amphitheater ever built in the Roman Empire.
Renaissance architecture revived principles of classical antiquity through writings of Vitruvius and relics of ancient structures. Major architects like Brunelleschi, Alberti, and Palladio produced influential works applying symmetry, proportion, and geometry to buildings like churches, chapels, palaces and villas in cities such as Florence, Mantua, Venice and Rome. Michelangelo's design of the Campidoglio complex on Capitoline Hill in Rome marked the apex of Renaissance classicism.
This document outlines the basic and modifying elements of architecture that contribute to defining spaces. The basic elements include defined areas, platforms, pits, markers, focuses, barriers, roofs, supports, paths, and openings. Modifying elements that alter the experience of these spaces include light, color, temperature, ventilation, sound, smell, texture, scale, and time. Together, the basic architectural structures and how they are modified create varied places with unique atmospheres defined by both physical and sensory qualities.
Wines are classified into four main groups: table wine/still wine, sparkling wine, fortified wine, and aromatised wine. Table wines can be red, white, or rose depending on the grape variety used. Red wine is made from red grapes and fermented with the skins for flavor. White wine uses green grapes and removes the skins earlier. Rose wine is a light red made by brief skin contact. Fortified wines have brandy or spirits added. Aromatised wines contain added flavors like herbs or fruits. Proper wine storage involves keeping the cellar clean, cool, and dark and storing bottles horizontally on racks labeled for easy identification.
1. The Plateresque style of Spanish Renaissance architecture was highly decorative, resembling silversmith work, and was used prominently on the University of Salamanca facade and Seville Town Hall.
2. Classical style had less decoration and more Italian Renaissance influence, seen in the Palace of Charles V in Granada and the Cathedral of Granada.
3. The Herrerian style under Juan de Herrera featured undecorated, "naked" buildings like the Escorial monastery and palace complex near Madrid.
Here is a quick slide show about red wine. Learn what red wine is, how it is made, what to drink it with, and more. Read this today and sound way more experienced at your next dinner party. Enjoy!
Yeast plays an important role in wine production by converting the sugars in grapes into alcohol and carbon dioxide through fermentation. The document discusses the history of understanding yeast's role, from ancient observations of fermentation to Pasteur's discovery of yeast cells' role in the 19th century. It also covers the characteristics and species of yeast used in winemaking, as well as the full wine production process from grape harvesting to bottling.
Windows come in a variety of types and designs to serve different functions. The most common type is the casement window, which has two panes that open outward from the frame, providing good illumination while obstructing little light. Other common types include double-hung or sash windows with two glass panes that open independently, as well as bay windows comprising three windows that form an alcove protruding from the house to create a sense of spaciousness. Proper treatment of windows depends on their shape, size and location within a room or house.
The Colosseum in Rome was built between 70-80 AD under the Roman Emperors Vespasian and Titus. It was an elliptical amphitheater used to host gladiator fights and public spectacles. The Colosseum demonstrated Rome's immense wealth and power through its massive scale and innovative use of arches, vaults, and concrete in its construction. It could hold up to 80,000 spectators and was the largest amphitheater ever built in the Roman Empire.
Renaissance architecture revived principles of classical antiquity through writings of Vitruvius and relics of ancient structures. Major architects like Brunelleschi, Alberti, and Palladio produced influential works applying symmetry, proportion, and geometry to buildings like churches, chapels, palaces and villas in cities such as Florence, Mantua, Venice and Rome. Michelangelo's design of the Campidoglio complex on Capitoline Hill in Rome marked the apex of Renaissance classicism.
Baroque architecture originated in 17th century Italy and France as a style that glorified absolute rulers through elaborate, decorative designs featuring twisted columns, curves, ornate details, and optical illusions. It spread across Europe and was characterized by features like domes, abundant windows, and ceiling frescoes that created a sense of movement. Significant examples include St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, the Chateau de Versailles in France, and Jesuit churches in Hungary built to showcase this ornate architectural style.
Deconstructivism emerged in the late 1980s as a development of postmodern architecture influenced by deconstruction theory. It is characterized by fragmented and non-rectilinear shapes that create unpredictability and controlled chaos. Peter Eisenman was a prominent American architect known for works like the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe that used disconcerting forms and angles to create an incomplete experience for viewers, reflecting his belief that parts in conflict contest the completeness of the whole.
The document provides details about the construction of the Eiffel Tower, including:
- The materials used were sourced from different places - steel and cast iron came from Romania due to an innovative Romanian engineer, while labor came predominantly from France.
- Over 250 laborers from France worked on assembly, including riveters, assemblers, and carpenters, though they went on strike initially for better conditions.
- Other materials consumed included over 60 tons of paint applied by hand every 7 years to maintain the iconic reddish-brown color scheme.
This document provides information on the Emilia Romagna region of Italy and its wines. It discusses the semi-continental climate of hot summers and cold winters. Full-bodied wines are produced in hilly areas, while lighter table wines come from flat areas. It outlines 19 DOC and 2 DOCG regions and describes the Lambrusco area, Colli Bolognesi, and Bosco Eliceo wines. It also summarizes information on Tuscany, including the Sangiovese grape, Chianti and Chianti Classico DOCGs, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, and coastal "Super Tuscan" wines from Bolgheri.
Neoclassical architecture developed between 1850-1900 as a reaction against Rococo ornamentation. It emphasized clean lines and drew inspiration from classical Greek and Roman architecture as well as the works of Andrea Palladio. Key characteristics included symmetrical designs, columns, and an emphasis on planar qualities over sculptural details. Neoclassical styles like Palladianism and the Adam Style spread across Europe and influenced early American architecture known as Federal style.
This document presents the planning, analysis, and design of a proposed blood bank building in Thiruvandarkoil, Pondicherry. It includes the plan, elevation, section drawings created using AutoCAD software. Structural analysis was performed using STAADpro software. The design of structural components like slab, beams, columns, footing were carried out based on IS code provisions. The document discusses the methodology, literature review, design of each structural element, load combinations considered, and concludes mentioning the objectives were achieved by referring design codes and standards.
The De Stijl art movement originated in the Netherlands in 1917. It aimed to express universal concepts through simplification and abstraction using primary colors, black, white, and gray as well as horizontal and vertical lines. Designers formulated a new vocabulary for architecture by taking houses apart and reassembling them with an emphasis on cubes, flat planes, and the relationship between solids and voids. Furniture and interior design were conceived as one with the architecture, emphasizing straight lines, rectangles, and geometry. The Schroder House, designed by Gerrit Rietveld, exemplifies De Stijl principles with its asymmetrical design, primary colors, and separation of planes.
In the 19th century, architects drew inspiration from historic styles such as Neo-Romanesque, Neo-Gothic, and Neo-Baroque. New building materials like iron, steel, and concrete enabled new construction types such as train stations, bridges, and factories. A new style called Art Nouveau emerged in the late 19th century focusing on natural forms and integrated arts. Key Art Nouveau architects included Antoni Gaudí in Spain, Hector Guimard in Paris, and Victor Horta in Brussels. Gaudí's highly original works in Barcelona drew on Gothic and organic motifs.
The document provides an overview of Islamic art from the early Umayyad period beginning in the 7th century through the Mughal period in the 17th century. It highlights important architectural works such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and the Great Mosque of Damascus from the Umayyad period. Subsequent periods discussed include the Abbasids, Samanids, Umayyads in Iberia, Nasrids in Iberia, Mamluks, Ottomans, Seljuks, Safavids, and Mughals. The document includes maps, plans, and images of architectural and artistic works from these Islamic civilizations and regions.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and early 1800s, driven by factors like abundant coal resources, financial policies supporting innovation, and naval power. Key innovations included the steam engine, railways, and steam boats, which mechanized production and transformed transportation. New construction materials like cast iron, wrought iron, and glass facilitated larger industrial buildings and infrastructure. Major projects demonstrated new techniques, like the Crystal Palace exhibition hall built largely of iron and glass. The revolution dramatically altered architecture from decorative styles to plain, efficient designs and reshaped urban living conditions through new types of dense housing.
Roman theaters were influenced by earlier Greek designs. They were constructed out of stone rather than wood, with foundations and enclosures on all sides. Key features included a semicircular orchestra space in front of the stage, tiered auditorium seating, and vomitoria for entrance and exit. Costumes, masks, gestures, and music were used to convey roles and stories to audiences, as women were not allowed to perform. Theaters hosted plays, pantomimes, and other entertainments and were important social and cultural sites across the Roman Empire.
I.M. Pei is a Chinese-American architect known for designing notable structures like the Louvre Pyramid in Paris. The document discusses Pei's background and education, providing details on some of his most famous works such as the Louvre Pyramid, Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. It also summarizes Pei's design process and how he drew influence from modernist architects while incorporating elements of different cultures and time periods into his buildings.
Roman architecture was influenced by the cultures they conquered, including the practical functionalism of early Italian cultures, the urban planning of the Etruscans, and the art, philosophy and literature of the Greeks. Roman architecture is characterized by monumentality, technical advances, and integration of beauty with practicality. Buildings were constructed with various vaulting techniques and durable materials like stone, concrete and brick. Roman cities had defined urban plans centered around forums and crossed by main roads, and included infrastructure like aqueducts, bridges and harbors. Major building types included temples, basilicas, baths, theatres, amphitheatres and circuses.
Theater can be summarized as a collaborative live performance art that takes place before a live audience. It involves actors using combinations of speech, gesture, song, music and dance to present real or imagined events. A theater is a building specifically designed for these performances, with stages and defined performance and audience spaces. There are different types of theater buildings based on their functions like opera houses, playhouses, multi-purpose theaters and musical theaters.
The Heydar Aliyev Centre in Baku, Azerbaijan was designed to establish a continuous, fluid relationship between its surrounding plaza and interior spaces. This was achieved through a combination of a concrete structure and space frame system, which allowed for large column-free interior spaces. The building's skin, made of polyester-reinforced fibreglass panels, helps the structure appear homogenous. The design overcomes the challenges of the site's wind loads and seismic activity through these structural systems.
The document discusses several components and systems related to automobile mechanics, including:
- The electrical system, which has evolved over time to include automatic computer control and components like sensors, alternators, and oxygen sensors.
- The armature, which is the moving part of electric machines like alternators and motors that produces electromotive force.
- The battery, which uses lead-acid cells to convert chemical to mechanical energy and can be rechargeable.
- The ignition system, which uses an electric current to ignite fuel in internal combustion engines.
- Other systems like the starting system, computer chips, wiring, charging system, and spark plugs.
This document presents information on doors and windows. It discusses 10 common types of doors, including ledged, braced, panelled, glazed, flush, revolving, sliding, collapsible steel, and rolling steel shutter doors. It also discusses 10 types of windows, such as casement, steel, bay, clear story, corner, dormer, skylight, sliding, glazed, and pivoted windows. The document provides brief descriptions and illustrations of each door and window type. It covers the materials, uses, and basic constructions of different doors and windows.
Gothic architecture originated in France in the 12th century and is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and elaborate sculptures. Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame in Paris had tall structures made possible by innovations like pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flying buttresses that helped support the walls. Other features include stained glass windows that let in light, and gargoyles and ornamentation that served practical and symbolic purposes. Gothic architecture profoundly influenced church building across Europe in the Middle Ages.
Neoclassical style produced both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque.
The title sequence for the film Catch Me If You Can was created by Olivier Kuntzel and Florence Deygas. It follows a man being chased by a detective, hinting at the film's story of a fugitive. Stylized with 1960s hair, clothes, and music, the sequence uses simple animation techniques like hand-carved stamps to capture the spirit of the protagonist and time period. The colors indicate location and time changes while silhouettes symbolize the unknown hero and his tricks. Overall, the title sequence subtly previews the movie's plot without explaining details.
The director, Kevin Benny, has summarized his initial thoughts on directing William Inge's play "The Bus Stop". He is inspired by the painting "Nighthawks" which captures the lonely isolation of the characters. He outlines hypothetical casting choices and discusses the realistic style of the production. The set designer draws inspiration from "Nighthawks" and aims to create an authentic 1950s diner interior juxtaposed with a dull exterior. The costume designer outlines plain dresses for the waitresses and fancier clothes for the singer, with appropriate coats given the cold weather. The lighting designer aims to use blue hues and soft lighting to convey the mood of a snowstorm, keeping the action areas lit while surrounding areas are dim.
Baroque architecture originated in 17th century Italy and France as a style that glorified absolute rulers through elaborate, decorative designs featuring twisted columns, curves, ornate details, and optical illusions. It spread across Europe and was characterized by features like domes, abundant windows, and ceiling frescoes that created a sense of movement. Significant examples include St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, the Chateau de Versailles in France, and Jesuit churches in Hungary built to showcase this ornate architectural style.
Deconstructivism emerged in the late 1980s as a development of postmodern architecture influenced by deconstruction theory. It is characterized by fragmented and non-rectilinear shapes that create unpredictability and controlled chaos. Peter Eisenman was a prominent American architect known for works like the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe that used disconcerting forms and angles to create an incomplete experience for viewers, reflecting his belief that parts in conflict contest the completeness of the whole.
The document provides details about the construction of the Eiffel Tower, including:
- The materials used were sourced from different places - steel and cast iron came from Romania due to an innovative Romanian engineer, while labor came predominantly from France.
- Over 250 laborers from France worked on assembly, including riveters, assemblers, and carpenters, though they went on strike initially for better conditions.
- Other materials consumed included over 60 tons of paint applied by hand every 7 years to maintain the iconic reddish-brown color scheme.
This document provides information on the Emilia Romagna region of Italy and its wines. It discusses the semi-continental climate of hot summers and cold winters. Full-bodied wines are produced in hilly areas, while lighter table wines come from flat areas. It outlines 19 DOC and 2 DOCG regions and describes the Lambrusco area, Colli Bolognesi, and Bosco Eliceo wines. It also summarizes information on Tuscany, including the Sangiovese grape, Chianti and Chianti Classico DOCGs, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, and coastal "Super Tuscan" wines from Bolgheri.
Neoclassical architecture developed between 1850-1900 as a reaction against Rococo ornamentation. It emphasized clean lines and drew inspiration from classical Greek and Roman architecture as well as the works of Andrea Palladio. Key characteristics included symmetrical designs, columns, and an emphasis on planar qualities over sculptural details. Neoclassical styles like Palladianism and the Adam Style spread across Europe and influenced early American architecture known as Federal style.
This document presents the planning, analysis, and design of a proposed blood bank building in Thiruvandarkoil, Pondicherry. It includes the plan, elevation, section drawings created using AutoCAD software. Structural analysis was performed using STAADpro software. The design of structural components like slab, beams, columns, footing were carried out based on IS code provisions. The document discusses the methodology, literature review, design of each structural element, load combinations considered, and concludes mentioning the objectives were achieved by referring design codes and standards.
The De Stijl art movement originated in the Netherlands in 1917. It aimed to express universal concepts through simplification and abstraction using primary colors, black, white, and gray as well as horizontal and vertical lines. Designers formulated a new vocabulary for architecture by taking houses apart and reassembling them with an emphasis on cubes, flat planes, and the relationship between solids and voids. Furniture and interior design were conceived as one with the architecture, emphasizing straight lines, rectangles, and geometry. The Schroder House, designed by Gerrit Rietveld, exemplifies De Stijl principles with its asymmetrical design, primary colors, and separation of planes.
In the 19th century, architects drew inspiration from historic styles such as Neo-Romanesque, Neo-Gothic, and Neo-Baroque. New building materials like iron, steel, and concrete enabled new construction types such as train stations, bridges, and factories. A new style called Art Nouveau emerged in the late 19th century focusing on natural forms and integrated arts. Key Art Nouveau architects included Antoni Gaudí in Spain, Hector Guimard in Paris, and Victor Horta in Brussels. Gaudí's highly original works in Barcelona drew on Gothic and organic motifs.
The document provides an overview of Islamic art from the early Umayyad period beginning in the 7th century through the Mughal period in the 17th century. It highlights important architectural works such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem and the Great Mosque of Damascus from the Umayyad period. Subsequent periods discussed include the Abbasids, Samanids, Umayyads in Iberia, Nasrids in Iberia, Mamluks, Ottomans, Seljuks, Safavids, and Mughals. The document includes maps, plans, and images of architectural and artistic works from these Islamic civilizations and regions.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and early 1800s, driven by factors like abundant coal resources, financial policies supporting innovation, and naval power. Key innovations included the steam engine, railways, and steam boats, which mechanized production and transformed transportation. New construction materials like cast iron, wrought iron, and glass facilitated larger industrial buildings and infrastructure. Major projects demonstrated new techniques, like the Crystal Palace exhibition hall built largely of iron and glass. The revolution dramatically altered architecture from decorative styles to plain, efficient designs and reshaped urban living conditions through new types of dense housing.
Roman theaters were influenced by earlier Greek designs. They were constructed out of stone rather than wood, with foundations and enclosures on all sides. Key features included a semicircular orchestra space in front of the stage, tiered auditorium seating, and vomitoria for entrance and exit. Costumes, masks, gestures, and music were used to convey roles and stories to audiences, as women were not allowed to perform. Theaters hosted plays, pantomimes, and other entertainments and were important social and cultural sites across the Roman Empire.
I.M. Pei is a Chinese-American architect known for designing notable structures like the Louvre Pyramid in Paris. The document discusses Pei's background and education, providing details on some of his most famous works such as the Louvre Pyramid, Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. It also summarizes Pei's design process and how he drew influence from modernist architects while incorporating elements of different cultures and time periods into his buildings.
Roman architecture was influenced by the cultures they conquered, including the practical functionalism of early Italian cultures, the urban planning of the Etruscans, and the art, philosophy and literature of the Greeks. Roman architecture is characterized by monumentality, technical advances, and integration of beauty with practicality. Buildings were constructed with various vaulting techniques and durable materials like stone, concrete and brick. Roman cities had defined urban plans centered around forums and crossed by main roads, and included infrastructure like aqueducts, bridges and harbors. Major building types included temples, basilicas, baths, theatres, amphitheatres and circuses.
Theater can be summarized as a collaborative live performance art that takes place before a live audience. It involves actors using combinations of speech, gesture, song, music and dance to present real or imagined events. A theater is a building specifically designed for these performances, with stages and defined performance and audience spaces. There are different types of theater buildings based on their functions like opera houses, playhouses, multi-purpose theaters and musical theaters.
The Heydar Aliyev Centre in Baku, Azerbaijan was designed to establish a continuous, fluid relationship between its surrounding plaza and interior spaces. This was achieved through a combination of a concrete structure and space frame system, which allowed for large column-free interior spaces. The building's skin, made of polyester-reinforced fibreglass panels, helps the structure appear homogenous. The design overcomes the challenges of the site's wind loads and seismic activity through these structural systems.
The document discusses several components and systems related to automobile mechanics, including:
- The electrical system, which has evolved over time to include automatic computer control and components like sensors, alternators, and oxygen sensors.
- The armature, which is the moving part of electric machines like alternators and motors that produces electromotive force.
- The battery, which uses lead-acid cells to convert chemical to mechanical energy and can be rechargeable.
- The ignition system, which uses an electric current to ignite fuel in internal combustion engines.
- Other systems like the starting system, computer chips, wiring, charging system, and spark plugs.
This document presents information on doors and windows. It discusses 10 common types of doors, including ledged, braced, panelled, glazed, flush, revolving, sliding, collapsible steel, and rolling steel shutter doors. It also discusses 10 types of windows, such as casement, steel, bay, clear story, corner, dormer, skylight, sliding, glazed, and pivoted windows. The document provides brief descriptions and illustrations of each door and window type. It covers the materials, uses, and basic constructions of different doors and windows.
Gothic architecture originated in France in the 12th century and is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, and elaborate sculptures. Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame in Paris had tall structures made possible by innovations like pointed arches, rib vaulting, and flying buttresses that helped support the walls. Other features include stained glass windows that let in light, and gargoyles and ornamentation that served practical and symbolic purposes. Gothic architecture profoundly influenced church building across Europe in the Middle Ages.
Neoclassical style produced both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque.
The title sequence for the film Catch Me If You Can was created by Olivier Kuntzel and Florence Deygas. It follows a man being chased by a detective, hinting at the film's story of a fugitive. Stylized with 1960s hair, clothes, and music, the sequence uses simple animation techniques like hand-carved stamps to capture the spirit of the protagonist and time period. The colors indicate location and time changes while silhouettes symbolize the unknown hero and his tricks. Overall, the title sequence subtly previews the movie's plot without explaining details.
The director, Kevin Benny, has summarized his initial thoughts on directing William Inge's play "The Bus Stop". He is inspired by the painting "Nighthawks" which captures the lonely isolation of the characters. He outlines hypothetical casting choices and discusses the realistic style of the production. The set designer draws inspiration from "Nighthawks" and aims to create an authentic 1950s diner interior juxtaposed with a dull exterior. The costume designer outlines plain dresses for the waitresses and fancier clothes for the singer, with appropriate coats given the cold weather. The lighting designer aims to use blue hues and soft lighting to convey the mood of a snowstorm, keeping the action areas lit while surrounding areas are dim.
Meshes of the Afternoon is a silent film directed by Maya Deren that explores themes of dreams versus reality, death, and the deformation of everyday life through repetition. It was influenced by Deren's own experiences and uses visual elements like rhythmic drumbeats and repetition of movements. The meaning of the film has been interpreted in different ways, from relating to European surrealism to representing how one's subconscious can interpret casual incidents into emotional experiences.
Meshes of the Afternoon is a silent experimental film from 1943 directed by Maya Deren that explores themes of dreams, reality, and the subconscious. It features a female protagonist and uses repetition, rhythm, and ambiguous visual elements to portray her interior experiences. The film can be interpreted through various lenses such as feminism, surrealism, or film noir. Deren aimed to reproduce how the subconscious mind interprets and elaborates on everyday incidents into meaningful emotional experiences.
Meshes of the Afternoon is a silent film directed by Maya Deren that offers various interpretations depending on the viewer's literacy and film theory lens. Feminism can be one interpretation given the main character is a woman and a man only appears later. The film was influenced by themes of dreams vs reality and repetition in everyday life. It is shot without dialogue or sound from characters, but uses non-diegetic music and sounds. Rhythm and repetition of the main character's movements are defining visual elements in Deren's experimental short film. It has been interpreted both as relating to surrealism and also reflecting interior experiences and the subconscious elaboration of events.
Wrestling Demons: Sweeney Todd As a Film - The Los Angeles Times - by Adam BaerAdam Baer
Arts cover feature article by Adam Baer about Steven Sondheim's Sweeney Todd as remade into the film by Tim Burton, starring Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter, and produced by Dick Zanuck and Walter Parkes.
This document provides information about the film "Malcom & Marie" including:
- It stars Zendaya and John David Washington and was written and directed by Sam Levinson.
- It was filmed over 14 days using black and white Kodak film stock and Zeiss lenses to pay tribute to classic films from the 1980s.
- The film takes place entirely within a single location home in Carmel, California, designed to be simple but deceptive by production designer Michel Grasley over 12 weeks of preparation.
The document discusses various perspectives on cinema and acting from directors, writers, and producers. It touches on the relationship between cinema and magic, how films should provoke moods and feelings over straightforward fiction, and the importance of understanding history, literature and other fields to filmmaking. It also examines ideas around mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing and other elements of film theory as well as different genres and types of cinema.
The document provides an analysis of the opening scene of the 2007 film "Gone Baby Gone." It summarizes the following key points:
1) The opening scene is set in a rough American town, as evidenced by American flags and a community gathering after a young girl goes missing.
2) The characters appear rough based on their dull, washed out clothing like hoodies, jeans, and chains. The town also seems run down.
3) Sad, subtle background music and a voiceover by the main character establish a serious, emotional tone as he describes growing up in the neighborhood.
4) Slow, panning shots introduce various members of the community and gang-like teenagers, reinforcing the
The document provides an analysis of the opening scene of the 2007 film "Gone Baby Gone." It summarizes the following key points:
1) The opening scene is set in a rough American town, as evidenced by American flags and a community gathering after a young girl goes missing.
2) The characters appear rough based on their dull, washed out clothing like hoodies, jeans, and chains. The town also seems run down.
3) Sad, subtle background music and a voiceover by the main character establish a serious, emotional tone as he describes growing up in the neighborhood.
4) Slow, inviting camera shots show different people and activities to give a sense of the close-knit
Introduction To Storyboarding - Eraser Head7auramac
The document provides background information and research on David Lynch's 1977 film Eraserhead. It includes details on the production process, main characters, Lynch's influences, examples of storyboard artists, and similar works. Screenshots were taken of the original film and arranged in a collage to help recreate shots for a reimagined opening scene in Lynch's style. Research covered the director, characters, sets, and special effects used. Inspiration was drawn from the storyboarding styles of Lynch, Emma Evans, Zack Snyder, Martin Scorsese, and Saul Bass.
Analysis Of The Dance Of The Sugar Plum FairyRikki Wright
This essay discusses Trevor Nunn's 1977 production of William Shakespeare's play Love's Labour's Lost. It notes that the play was not highly regarded historically but has appealed more to modern audiences. Specifically, the play's unconventional ending, in which nothing is truly resolved, resonates with modern sensibilities. The essay analyzes Nunn's controversial directorial choice to add an opening scene depicting World War I violence, transporting the audience abruptly into the world of the play. This radical alteration of the play's introduction was meant to dramatically change the audience's perception and experience of the work.
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1) The document discusses how a music video was created to analyze key aspects of real music videos based on Goodwin's Theory, including voyeurism, intertextuality, genre characteristics, star image, and the relationship between music/lyrics and visuals.
2) Intertextual elements from music videos like "Kids" by MGMT and "Just" by Radiohead were incorporated.
3) Genre conventions from psychedelic rock and pop videos informed unusual imagery in the video.
4) The protagonist's image was carefully constructed to resemble funk artist Jimi Hendrix.
5) Though lyrics were obscure, visuals synchronized to the music's rhythm to complement its eerie quality.
The document outlines a virtual reality adaptation of David Bowie's song "Diamond Dogs" created by five students. They developed a dystopian world inspired by Bowie's influences where the viewer helps "Freaks" escape the controlling "Diamond Dogs" government. Key locations and characters were created to match the song lyrics and immerse the viewer in the VR experience as it transports them through the story world.
The 1967 Disney film The Jungle Book was produced using Walt Disney's streamlined animation process. Walt Disney was heavily involved in the production and made changes to better appeal to family audiences. The film pioneered techniques like basing the animated characters on the voice actors' performances. It was a financial success for Disney Studios upon its release, distributing the film through Disney's own channels.
The document provides information about the production, distribution, and audiences of Disney's 1967 animated film The Jungle Book and the 2016 live-action remake. It details how Walt Disney was heavily involved in the production of the 1967 film, influencing elements like the story, characters, and voice casting. It was a major commercial success for Disney. The document also discusses ownership and distribution of the films through Disney and its subsidiaries as well as relevant regulation around copyright.
The document provides information about the production, distribution, and audiences of Disney's 1967 animated film The Jungle Book and the 2016 live-action remake. It details how Walt Disney was heavily involved in the production of the 1967 film, influencing elements like the characters, story, and voice casting. It discusses the film's financial success, distribution through various home media formats over time, and Disney's strategy of vertical integration in production and distribution. Regulations around copyright and classification that affected the films are also summarized.
The document provides information about the production, distribution, and audiences of Disney's 1967 animated film The Jungle Book and the 2016 live-action remake. It details how Walt Disney was heavily involved in the production of the 1967 film, influencing elements like the story, characters, and voice casting. It was a major commercial success for Disney. The document also discusses ownership and distribution of the films through Disney's vertically integrated model, as well as regulations around copyright and classification.
The document provides information about the production, distribution, and audiences of Disney's 1967 animated film The Jungle Book and the 2016 live-action remake. It details how Walt Disney was heavily involved in the production of the 1967 film, influencing elements like the story, characters, and voice casting. It was a major commercial success for Disney. The document also discusses ownership and distribution of the films through Disney and issues of copyright and classification.
2. To me its helpful when its a surreal space or a
slightly altered space so the audiences can
digest the singing.
“There is something he does that combines
choreography with costume, light characters
...he’s so great at piecing those things
together.” Kate Hudson (American Fashion
Designer in Nine)
4. Born October 1960, Madison.
As young children him and his sister would
make home movies.
Soon became a talented dancer but this
career was cut short due to a back injury.
5. Annie was his first small screen film.
Directing was the further thing from his mind.
“ film was the further thing from my mind,
and the first time I was supposed to call the
word action I couldn’t even do it because it
felt so unnatural…so I just mumbled OK
go.”
6.
7. “ I‟ve always imagined when I‟m choreographing
a number, or directing a number, what would it be
on film first. That‟s my normal process for theatre.
I‟ve always done it via film and then I‟ll create
that for the stage. So now I don‟t have to do that!”
11. “ There
is an energy and a pacing, and the
pacing exists in the scenes as well as the
musical numbers.”
“He understands how to seamlessly integrate the
elements of music, dance, storytelling, character,
design and that‟s part of what makes him so
effective a director of musicals because he has
that sense of when to really heighten something
and when to pull it back in.”
12. Velma Kelly Roxie Hart
• She slaps her thigh. • Fred Casely slaps
• Pulls in a man by his Roxie‟s bum.
shirt • Pulls in Fred by his tie.
• Climbs Steps • Climbs stairs.
• Hands above head • Hands above head on
• Hands grab mans door.
arms • Hands grab bed frame
The police appear at the Skips time, start of
back of the room. downfall.
13. A year earlier Moulin Rouge was released
and had a box office worldwide gross of
$179,213,434 (Worldwide).
Chicago was helped by converted audiences
which created an overall box office of
$306,776,732 (Worldwide) (2004).
14. Here is a sequence from Nine where the
protagonist, Guido, performs his first musical
number. The main elements that I thought
created a sense of place and character were;
Sound Lighting Cinematography
•Movie reel •Blue stage lights •Extreme long
coming to a stop. •Low key shot
•Diegetic •Artificial
15.
16. “Transitions to me are very important in films
because otherwise you feel the stop and
starts of scenes and its important for me to at
least try and attempt to find seamless ways of
moving in and out of scenes.”
When making films Marshall will involve everyone in the decisions that are made in the film. “There is something he does that combines choreography with costume, light characters...he’s so great at piecing those things together.” He works with everyone and people trust him to create a successful outcome and for this reason I think that he is an auteur. As people believe in him, they are confident that he will create the right final decisions. I also think he is an Auteur because in his films he has a very personal style. He will usually work with musicals or something to do with the stage. He also is very interested in is dancing due to his background in the theatre. This comes across in his films and he will work with the actors not just as a director but as a choreographer as well. I feel that it is this technique and theatrical style that makes him not just a director, but an Auteur.
I am going to be exploring how Rob Marshall shows reality in his surreal worlds in his films. I will be looking at three films directed by Marshall. My focus film is Chicago, and my two related films are Nine and Memoirs of a Geisha. It is in these films that I will focus on how he portrays reality and surreal world and how he links them.
Rob Marshall was born October, 17, 1960 in Madison. As a young boy he started making his own films, including a parody of “The Brady Bunch”. He worked with his sisters and he asked his friends and school teachers to acts in his homemade films. He soon became more interested in dancing. He trained in jazz and ballet and in 1980 he left his university for a year to join a touring company of “A Chorus Line”. Marshall became a lot more experienced and talented in dance and continued to land parts in musicals such as “Zorba” and “The Rink”. Graciela Daniele who then trained Marshall more, choreographed all these and he soon became her dance captain and assistant. His dance career abruptly ended when, performing in “Cats”, he suffered a back injury which ended his final appearance on Broadway as a performer. Instead he found himself choreographing, firstly in regional theatres then progressing onto Broadway.
He did not find himself wanting to be a director and even when he was directing his first small screen film, Annie, he said “ film was the further thing from my mind, and the first time I was supposed to call the word action I couldn’t even do it because it felt so unnatural…so I just mumbled OK go.”. After the success of Annie and winning a primetime Emmy for Best Choreography and being nominated for Best Directing, this led him to his next film ‘Rent’. When in a meeting with Miramax about the new film he stopped them and said “ before we do that, can I just talk about Chicago?” they thought that Marshall’s original concept for the film would work on the big screen
This leads me on to what I am investigating in this presentation. Marshall took the original idea of a staged Chicago and changed it so he believed it would work on the screen. He knew that cinemagoers did not believe that in reality people burst into song, therefore he needed a way to make the musical element of the film seem realistic. So instead of trying to take the theatre away from the musical he has made the musical numbers figments of the delusional lead characters’ imagination, who is dreaming of her life as a star on the stage. By doing this it gave the songs in the films context. In this clip we Roxie transform herself into a musical star in the place of Velma Kelly.
Marshall took the original idea of a staged Chicago and changed it so he believed it would work on the screen. He knew that cinemagoers did not believe that in reality people burst into song, therefore he needed a way to make the musical element of the film seem realistic. So instead of trying to take the theatre away from the musical he has made the musical numbers figments of the delusional lead characters’ imagination, who is dreaming of her life as a star on the stage. By doing this it gave the songs in the films context. Marshall background in theatre has been very influential in his films. This is a quote from Rob Marshall which shows how much theatre and cinema can link with each other. “ I’ve always imagined when I’m choreographing a number, or directing a number, what would it be on film first. That’s my normal process for theatre. I’ve always done it via film and then I’ll create that for the stage. So now I don’t have to do that!” To explore Marshall’s technique further and how he manages to create smooth transitions between the real and the fantasy world I am going to look into the opening sequence of Chicago. In the very first shot in the film Marshall has established the concept for the film which makes it believable on the big screen where so many have failed to do in the past. The first shot is of Roxie Hart’s eyes. In the following 15 seconds we see ‘CHICAGO’ in lights on the screen. This shows the whole concept of the film, that the surreal world is seen through Roxie’s eyes.
There are many element to this sequence which makes it work. Firstly, Marshall has used specific camerawork. The very first shot shows an extreme close up of Roxie Hart’s eyes. Here the audience can assume that this character is going to be important in the film. Marshall has only shown the eyes and nothing else. To me this symbolized the time and place we are about to see, where people believed whatever they saw. Therefore they could be very susceptible to lies. By only seeing the eyes and also from her not blinking or moving created an intensity to the opening. It is very unnatural to have a shot which is as close as this, therefore, it felt as if we are about to be entered into a place which is unusual to the world we know and are used to. By creating this feeling when the audience is shown the musical and dancing it may feel unnatural to us but we know that it makes sense in this unnatural world we are being shown.The camera then pans slightly to the left and zooms into her right eye. This shot shows the importance of composition because the pupil and iris are at the centre of the screen and are perfect circles within each other. I felt that this was like a camera lens showing us ‘Chicago’, which again brings us back to the fact that this world is seen through Roxie’s eyes. The sequence becomes very fast paced and Marshall has used a STEADY CAMERA to follow Velma Kelly around the set. He shows us her every movement which gives the feeling of it being very rushed because he is having to move from places and objects very quickly. This helps the viewer to feel the manic atmosphere of backstage at the theatre and therefore we feel more involved, like we are there with them.
Lighting is key in the whole film to create the link between the two worlds of musical and real life. In the first shot of her eyes we can see a glint of light in each eye and as the camera focuses on the right eye the more circles of light appear around the iris. This is done to link the image with the opening title ‘Chicago’ but I think that it could also represent the light appearing in Roxie’s mind and her dream of being on stage surrounded by theatre lights. Also the title ‘Chicago’ is made up of orange lights which are conventional on Broadway signs, but some are missing and broken. This connotes that it is not new and fresh anymore and possibly the fact that things are going to go wrong when Roxie makes a life in show business.The lighting is relatively low key which creates shadows around her eyes. This could connote that she is hiding in the background at that no one really notices her. By creating relatable characters that the viewer has sympathy for helps us believe the world we are looking in on. Consequently we are more willing to believe the more surreal aspects of the film.
Marshall has revolved this film around his background in the theatre and on Broadway and his whole life has been based around the stage, whether dancing, choreographing or acting, then he turned to directing on the screen. I felt that he could relate to making this film because he has taken ‘Chicago’ from the stage to the screen and this is similar to what he has done in his career.The first editing technique used is at the very beginning when it fades from black onto Roxie’s eyes. I felt that the fade in is similar to curtains opening in a theatre and it could symbolise Roxie’s start on the stage but it could also show Marshall’s connection with the stage.The pacing of the sequence is fast and yet Marshall has used some shots that last roughly 13 seconds. This is very unconventional but Marshall makes it work due to his camera techniques of following the characters.
Rob Marshall said this when talking about the opening sequence of Chicago. “ There is an energy and a pacing, and the pacing exists in the scenes as well as the musical numbers.”For the audience to believe the musical numbers are part of the life of the film and not just an addition then the link between the scenes and the musical numbers has to be seamless. “He understands how to seamlessly integrate the elements of music, dance, storytelling, character, design and that’s part of what makes him so effective a director of musicals because he has that sense of when to really heighten something and when to pull it back in.”the opening of Chicago it starts with diegetic sound of a slow, drawn out trumpet. There is then a dialogue, “5,6,7,8” which allows the pace to increase to an upbeat level which fits the atmosphere of the scene.By using only diegetic sound in the first sequence and by making the first musical number something that is happening for everyone to see and not just in Roxie’s head, it allows the audience to get used to the musical aspect of the film.
He has had to link Roxie with Fred Casely and Velma performing and make their lives link if the transition between real life and Roxie’s fantasy life are to make sense. To introduce the audience into the musical side of the film, he has started with a number which is performed on stage by Velma Kelly in a real situation.Marshall believed that where directors went wrong in creating musicals is that “a director will direct the scene naturalistically and then the choreographer will direct the musical numbers in a different style.” This is where Marshall had the upper hand because he has had the experience of being both a director and a choreographer. He worked with not just the actors but he showed all the dancers how their part was going to fit in with the narrative. Therefore in Velma’s first performance, he has created movements and actions which are similar to Roxie’s in a contrasting situation. There are a few examples above of the what the two characters do together which helps link the jump between each camera shot.
Chicago was a risky challenge for Marshall because audiences were not that used to musicals being big screen movies. The movie musical ‘Moulin Rouge was released a year earlier and this received outstanding box office results and made just under $180 million worldwide. Marshall was not phased by this competition, in fact he embraced the fact that it had changed audiences perceptions of movie musicals being unrealistic and not for the big screen.With help of this and of Marshalls efforts to create a film which was believable in both the real life and the surreal, musical world, they created a box office success of over $300 million worldwide by 2004.
The clip starts with the title sequence ‘NINE’ in quite small, white font in the centre of the screen. When we see this title we hear a faint sound of a movie reel coming to a stop. It is these elements that Marshall has include that link film and theatre together and therefore creating a smoother transition between the real world of making a film and the surreal world of fantasising about the people around Guido.For the first 16 seconds of the sequence we hear nothing but a few diegetic sounds such as the door opening, Guido’s footsteps and the lights turning on. This is quite a long time for there to be little sound, and it gives the impression that Guido is finally alone with his thoughts. This is then interrupted by a short line of dialogue from a man, then bells start to chime. I thought that this dramatic contrast from almost no sound to sharp, loud bells which showed the abundance of thoughts in his mind. This change of sound keeps the audience focused on the scene and when it changes to a surreal musical number the contrast is not that unexpected.The title fades out into black and a small tint of blue light fades onto the screen. When the door opens the blue stage light aluminates the door. The previous scene was shot in black and white so this is the first bit of colour we see. I felt that the blue created a dull and sad atmosphere and after the poignant speech Guido gave in the previous scene, this light represents him and his feelings. There is very low key lighting, at times you only see a silhouette of Guido. This adds ambiguity about his character but it also could signifies that he does not know who he is and therefore we can not physically see his whole character. As he walks further in, more lights turn on. These artificial light are the only source of light in the scene and this gives an unnatural feeling towards the theatre. The door is closed behind him, I thought this represented Guido being locked in physically but also in his mind, as he cannot escape from his work.By shooting this from a distance, an extreme long shot, and in the bottom right corner of the scene, it represents what Guido feel about himself. He is struggling, as a director, to create his film and these scenes that are in his mind are similar to Chicago where the audience is let into his world and his thoughts. This is then interrupted by a short line of dialogue from a man, then bells start to chime. I thought that this dramatic contrast from almost no sound to sharp, loud bells showed the abundance of thoughts in his mind.
Marshall portrays reality in his surreal, musical numbers by placing in characters in situations and setting which feel natural to have musical elements in them. For example Guido goes back to his film set as a place to think and his musical numbers then become part of the set and he will climb it and interact with it. This creates a more natural environment for the unusual concept of bursting into song to be in.
Memoirs of a geisha was different to nine and Chicago but I chose to study it because all three films, on way or another, showed rivalry between woman in show business. With the others I have explored how Marshall links the real world with the surreal but with this film I will investigate how he portray the duties of being a geisha compared to how the women normally live. Rob Marshall is aware that the transitions in a film are very important because if the film does not flow smoothly from one scene to another then the audience will feel as if they are only watching a film instead of being part of their lives. Marshall has mainly used water to create these seamless transitions because not water connotes the protagonist, Sayuri, and one of the very first things said about as a child was that she was like water. By doing this Marshall is linking her past life as an ordinary child and her current life as a Geisha.
In this sequence Sayuri is taken to a place that she doesn’t know. Marshall has created the sense of tension and worry by using a hand held camera when travelling in the cart. This makes the surroundings distorted because of the movement and it makes the audience feel like they are there with the characters.He also wanted to create a sense of mystery about the life of a Geisha so he has shot some parts through fabrics or beads. This gives the sense that we are looking in on their world and we are discovering this journey with Sayuri. This helps show the two distinct worlds of her old life and her Geisha life. Marshall is creating the smooth transition from this jump by easing us into this new by shooting it from behind various materials. This almost gives the audience a sense of security because there is a physical 4th wall separating the audience from the characters.
The life of a geisha is to dance and perform for others. Marshall worked with Japanese actors when filming Memoirs of a Geisha and most of them did not speak English until they started the script. Therefore Marshall had to find a way to communicate with them not just through the translators. He found that his choreographing skills came in useful when filming because he was able to communicate to the actors through the dance of a Geisha. In all three films I have found that Marshalls background on the stage has helped him create his films.
To conclude Rob Marshall has successfully portrayed reality in the surreal worlds he has created because he has used techniques to make the transitions from one world to the other smooth and seamless. He has also taken aspect from his own life and put them into his film. for example in Chicago and Nine he has used his experience on the stage to create realistic narratives on the stage in the film. also in Memoirs of a Geisha he has had to use his choreographing and directing skill together to create the art form of being a Geisha onto the screen.