Rizal's concept of the Filipino nation drew from multiple influences including his social environment and sources of ideas. He viewed the Filipino in ethnoracial terms and sought to construct a political meaning for the term. There were two approaches to national identity - nation as a cultural community defined by language and culture, and nation as an ethical community bound by a common good. Rizal was influenced by thinkers like Herder who saw national feeling as awakening resistance to oppression. Rizal's concept involved a rejection of injustice with solidarity rooted in history and culture, as well as mutual responsibility for the common good rather than patriotism or nationalism.

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