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Many can Quarrel,
Fewer can Argue
Rik Teuben,
The Netherlands
Facts
Effective Reasoning Method
The 3 layer model in Testfactor®
Layer 1:
Stakeholder modelling
Why Stakeholder Modelling
 Politics = stakeholder management
 Early Insight influencers
 Recognise communication potential and - problem
areas
 Determine information and communication
dependencies
 Optimise communication flow
 Address and interpret external relationships
3-step stakeholder modelling?
Step 1: Set up Stakeholder List
Ranking Stakeholder Iso-9126 Acceptance criteria Primary
contact
1 sponsor n.a. As specs, price & date G. Bernstein
2 End user Functionality
Recoverability
As specs
Fits in business process
Etc.
R. Marshall
3 Client(beta
testers)
Functionality
Reliability
Documentation ‘up to
date’,
Up time 98%
D. Elliot
4 Etc.
Stakeholder grouping by Roles
Stakeholder grouping by influence
Step 2: Set up stakeholder matrix
Step 3: Set up stakeholder atlas
HELPER
BARRICADE
PILAR FLAG
stakeholder 1
stakeholder 2
stakeholder 4
Stakeholder 5
stakeholder 6
stakeholder 3
= friendly
= critical
= hostile
Relation type
Layer 2:
Argument Optimising
Why Argument Optimising?
• Distinguish manipulation from arguing
• Recoginition of valid arguments
• Attack and defense techniques
• Create the right conditions
• Helps to reach your test goals
• Helps others to allign to your goals
The right conditions
• Interaction
• Uncertain outcome
• Supporting material and examples
• Mutual respect
• Guts (you can loose the debate)
Arguing <> Manipulation
Arguing Manipulation
About content About emotion
The best wins The most powerfull wins
(sanctions)
Reflective, considerations Appeals to fear
Ethical Non ethical
Natural process in debate Artificial process in debate
Sustainability is the goal Short term effect is the goal
When a debate gets characteristics of manipulation, push the
conversation gently and businesslike to argue characteristics.
Avoid the emotinal trap!
Layer 3:
Connected Communication
Marshall Rosenberg
Make the choice
Clear
Cooperative
Committed
Rancor
Resistance
Distance oneself
Communication
connecting disconnecting
Differences
Connecting communication Disconnecting communication
Based on facts Demanding, punishing,
comparing, accusing, praising,
sceptical
Aims at results Reactive, defensive, dependent
Concentrates on intention Fixated on the perspective of the
testers
Places Requests
Connected Communication
Effective Reasoning Method:
Observed Benefits
rteuben@vxcompany.com
http://www.linkedin.com/in/rteuben
http://www.vxcompany.comtestfactor (dutch)
Twitter: Rteuben (hashtag = #testfactor)
+31 6 52 59 71 78
Rik Teuben
Testfactor®
Effective Reasoning
& Communication Method
Layer 1: Stakeholder modelling
Layer 2: Argument optimising
Layer 3: Connected
communication

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Rik Teuben - Many Can Quarrel, Fewer Can Argue

Editor's Notes

  1. Arguing: To put forth reasons for or against Quarrel: To have an angry dispute.
  2. Let op: 1 stakeholder kan tot meerdere groeperingen behoren.
  3. Let op: ook hier kan een stakeholder weer tot meerdere groepen behoren Groep 1 is onderverdeeld in Machtpromotoren en Vakpromotoren. Machtpromotoren opereren vaak in de rol van managers die vaak zelf niet in het project deelnemen. Zij hebben meestal geen vakinhoudelijke kennis. Zij kunnen sankties opleggen of consequenties verbinden aan openenten Vakpromotoren: Hebben een hoge acceptatie binnen het project als expert en kan zodanig oponenten beinvloeden. Een vakpromotor kan binnen of buiten het project staan. Groep 4: om de invloed van groep 4 te beperken is de inzet van groep 1 nodig.
  4. Je kunt natuurlijk ook een ander symbool gebruiken voor de onderlinge relaties. Let op. Voor sommige is het onduidelijk dat het hier om relaties gaat!!!
  5. 1. Leren herkennen. Argumentatie vindt plaats in allerlei vormen en op allerlei momenten. Plannen, tijdens lunch, tijdens een overleg etc. etc. Het leert je snel argumentatie te ontdekken. 2. Argumentatie = keuzes maken Iedere keer dat mensen argumenteren maken zij keuzes. Dat vertelt erg veel over ze. Daar kun je gebruik van maken. 3. Hoe moet je ze waarderen? Wat zijn goede en slechte argumenten. Hoe maak je die overweging? Je kuntdaardoro je eiegen argumentatie verbeteren of die van anderen verzwakken. 4. helpt je doelen te bereiken.
  6. A. interactie Goede argumentatie is niet universeel. Houdt rekening met wie het publiek is voor wie je de argumentatie opbouwd. We vertrouwen nog veel teveel op de formele logica. Wat voor ons logisch is, is voor andere veel minder logisch. B. onzekerheid. Als er geen onzekerheid is, dan is er ook geen argumentatie nodig. Objectieve waarheid enzaken waar al onderlinge overeenkomst over bestaat zijn het niet waard om over te argumenteren. Dan moet je naar andere middelen grijpen. C. Onderbouwing Som slijkt iets een argumentatie maar dat is alleen maar een uitwisseling van Claims. Bijvoorbeeld Ik heb 100 fouten gevonden. reactie: Jij vindt mijn programma slecht. dat zijn 2 claims zonder onderbouwing. D. Gemeenschappelijk Men moet gezamenlijk op zoek zijn naar de best mogeljike oplossing onder de gegeven omstandigheden. 1. details zijn belangrijk Men moet bereid zijn om niet alleen een discussie op hoofdlijnen te voeren. 2. vertrouwen Je moet het vertrouwen hebben dat er een oplossing/concusie komt. Dat kan de jouwe zijn of die van de ander. Of een compromis. 3. in de basis moet er een gelijke gedacht zijn. Bijvoorbeeld. We moeten er beiden van overtuigd zijn dat we goede programmatuur willen hebben. Er moet een aanknopingspunt zijn. 4. Zelfde taal, waardenset Bijvoorbeeld. Wat is een goed systeem... (shared belief). 5. respect, geloof in vrijheid en open communicatie. Je kunt zeggen wat je wi, maar ik ben de baas. E. Risico durven nemen je kunt het gewoon fout hebben. Of je kunt het argumenatieproces minder goed beheersen dan de ander. Dat risico moet je bereid zijn te lopen. Je moet allemaal bereid zijn om iemand te zien als een persoon. (individualiteit)
  7. Zijn bv testmetrieken, rekenmodellen en businesscases manipulatiemiddelen of voldoen ze aan de wetten van argumentatie? Wordt testen zelf niet vaak ingezet als vorm van manipulatie??? (het geeft immers vertouwen, speelt op emotie… , appelleert aan angsten etc.
  8. HOT BUTTONS. Kosten: Wat is het waard voor de business om een goed systeem te hebben. Wat was de onderliggende businesscase ooit. Wat heeft het gekost om het systeem te bouwen…. Is het dan niet verstandig om het ook goed te testen? Tijd. Wanneer moet het systeem gereed zijn? Is het dan wel gereed? Of is het dan alleen nog maar gebouwd en moet het dan eigenlijk nog getest worden?
  9. MOET WEL NOG ONDERBOUWD WORDEN Invloed van tester = aantal stakeholders dat informatie ontvangt * aantal stakeholders dat informatie tot zich neemt ========================================================== Aantal contactmomenten tussen zender en ontvanger