BSc agriculture 3rd year 5th sem.

1. jaipur national university
Subject Name :- disease of field and
horticultural crops and their
management
Subject Code :-BSCAGCO504T22
Credit Hours :-3{2+1}
Submitted To :- dr.S.K khatik
Submitted By :- akansha meena

2. Rice Khaira and Rice Tungro Diseases

3. Introduction
• Rice is a staple food crop for over half the
world’s population.
• Its production is affected by various diseases
— both physiological and viral.
• Two major ones are:
• 1. Khaira disease (nutritional disorder)
• 2. Tungro disease (viral disease)

4. Rice Khaira Disease - Cause
• Cause: Zinc deficiency in soil.
• Pathogen: Not caused by any pathogen — it is
a nutritional disorder.
• Common in alkaline soils and poorly drained
paddy fields.

5. Rice Khaira Disease - Symptoms
• Appears 2–3 weeks after transplanting.
• Leaves show:
• • Brown spots (khaira = 'brown' in Hindi)
• • Yellowing of younger leaves
• • Stunted growth and poor tillering
• • Reduced yield

6. Rice Khaira Disease - Management
• • Apply Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) @ 25–50
kg/ha
• • Mix with lime or organic manure to avoid
toxicity
• • Maintain proper water drainage and pH
around 6–7
• • Use zinc-efficient varieties

7. Rice Tungro Disease - Cause
• Causal Agent:
• • Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV)
• • Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV)
• Mode of Transmission: Green leafhopper
(Nephotettix virescens)

8. Rice Tungro Disease - Symptoms
• • Stunted plants with yellow to orange
discoloration of leaves
• • Reduced tillering and shortened panicles
• • Grains are few and chaffy
• • Spreads rapidly in warm, humid conditions

9. Rice Tungro Disease - Management
• • Use resistant varieties like IR36, IR50
• • Control leafhopper using insecticides or light
traps
• • Destroy infected plants to reduce virus
source
• • Avoid early planting in tungro-prone areas

10. Comparison Table
• Feature | Khaira Disease | Tungro Disease
• Type | Nutritional disorder | Viral disease
• Cause | Zinc deficiency | Virus (RTBV & RTSV)
• Transmission | Soil condition | Green
leafhopper
• Main symptom | Brown/yellow leaves |
Yellow-orange leaves, stunted plants
• Control | Zinc application | Resistant varieties,
vector control

11. Conclusion
• Both diseases reduce rice yield significantly.
• Integrated nutrient management and disease
monitoring are key.
• Healthy soil = Healthy crop 🌾

12. References
• • ICAR Publications
• • IRRI (International Rice Research Institute)
Reports
• • Agricultural Extension Manuals

13. Thank you