Mammals have a double circulation system where blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart, then distributed to the body by arteries before returning to the heart by veins. The main components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which each serve important functions like oxygen transport, waste removal, and clotting. Blood is moved through arteries, veins, and capillaries which differ in their structure and function.

1. REVISION Transport in mammals

2. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS

3. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single

4. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood

5. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma

6. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma WBC aka leucocyte

7. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes

8. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets

9. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets

10. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein

11. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food

12. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste

13. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts

14. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease

15. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte

16. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus

17. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies

18. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl

19. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus

20. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow

21. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic

22. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave

23. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus

24. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb

25. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2

26. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments

27. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting

28. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin

29. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors

30. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation

31. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels

32. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries

33. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart

34. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular

35. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic

36. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure

37. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse

38. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein

39. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart

40. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin

41. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic

42. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure

43. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves

44. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries

45. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle

46. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick

47. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium

48. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen

49. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls

50. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart

51. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse

52. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery

53. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE!

54. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply

55. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery

56. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients

57. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta

58. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle

59. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole

60. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole

61. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node

62. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker

63. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse

64. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse atrial systole

65. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse atrial systole AV node (pauses)

66. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse atrial systole AV node (pauses) Purkinje fibres bundle of His

67. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse atrial systole AV node (pauses) Purkinje fibres bundle of His electrocardiogram

68. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse atrial systole AV node (pauses) Purkinje fibres bundle of His electrocardiogram

69. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse atrial systole AV node (pauses) Purkinje fibres bundle of His electrocardiogram P – atrial systole

70. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse atrial systole AV node (pauses) Purkinje fibres bundle of His electrocardiogram P – atrial systole QRS - ventricular contraction

71. TRANSPORT IN MAMMALS double circulation – fish single blood plasma 55% WBC aka leucocyte RBC aka erythrocytes platelets plasma protein digested food waste hormones & salts protect from disease lymphocyte regular shaped nucleus produce antibodies neutrophyl irregular shaped nucleus made red bone marrow phagocytic biconcave no nucleus contain Hb carry O 2 & CO 2 fragments clotting release thromboplastin attract clotting factors leads to fibrin formation blood vessels arteries away heart muscular elastic high pressure pulse vein toward heart thin not v elastic low pressure valves capillaries link art-vein no muscle one cell thick endothelium small lumen pressure falls heart pulse stretching & contraction of artery KNOW IT’S STRUCTURE! blood supply cardiac artery carries O 2 & nutrients branch off aorta cardiac cycle atrial systole ventricular systole atrial & ventricular diastole initiated by SA node pacemaker wave of electrical impulse atrial systole AV node (pauses) Purkinje fibres bundle of His electrocardiogram P – atrial systole QRS - ventricular contraction T – ventricular relaxation