REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
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REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN. Arthur Neville Chamberlain FRS was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.
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The Disarmament Conference from 1932 brought together Britain, France, and Germany to discuss reducing armaments, but failed to make any agreements. Germany had pushed for the conference as a way to revise the punitive Treaty of Versailles from World War I. When Hitler rose to power in 1933, he withdrew Germany from the talks, causing the conference to break up formally in 1934 without achieving its goals. Many historians view the failure of this conference as a step towards the outbreak of World War II.
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This document outlines the course content and assignments for a history class titled "Senior 3-2012" taught by Professor Lenny Ambrosini. It covers several major topics in three terms:
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REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE
The Disarmament Conference from 1932 brought together Britain, France, and Germany to discuss reducing armaments, but failed to make any agreements. Germany had pushed for the conference as a way to revise the punitive Treaty of Versailles from World War I. When Hitler rose to power in 1933, he withdrew Germany from the talks, causing the conference to break up formally in 1934 without achieving its goals. Many historians view the failure of this conference as a step towards the outbreak of World War II.
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REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: APPEASEMENT
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: APPEASEMENT.
Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.
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The Nazi-Soviet Pact allowed Hitler and Stalin to invade and divide Poland between German and Soviet forces in 1939. Both leaders were wary of a potential two-front war and saw an opportunity to conquer territory. Hitler wanted to avoid a Russian attack from the east during an invasion of Poland, while Stalin sought time to rearm in case of a future German attack and gain eastern Polish lands as a buffer zone. The invasion succeeded in dividing Poland, but Britain and France declared war on Germany as they had pledged to defend Poland.
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This document provides a timeline of key events leading up to and during World War 2 in Germany and Europe between 1933-1945. It outlines how Germany became a totalitarian state under Prussian rule and during the Great Depression. It then discusses specific events such as Kristallnacht in 1938, the annexation of Austria, Germany acquiring the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia, the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, Germany invading Poland in 1939, the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, and the Holocaust from 1933-1945 which resulted in Hitler committing suicide at the end of the war. Maps and sources are also included.
Actividades History S3 2012
This document outlines the course content and assignments for a history class titled "Senior 3-2012" taught by Professor Lenny Ambrosini. It covers several major topics in three terms:
1) The Cold War, including the Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, Stalin's blockade of Berlin, and a timeline of key events.
2) Eastern Europe in the late Cold War era, including the Berlin Wall and Soviet suppression of Solidarity in Poland.
3) World War I and the interwar period, focusing on the Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, appeasement, and the outbreak of WWII.
4) The rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany, including the Munich Putsch
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2. The document outlines Hitler's goals of conquering neighboring lands to expand Germany, and his targeting of Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. It also discusses the Munich Agreement where Britain and France agreed to Hitler's demands to avoid war.
3. The information is presented in a combination of multiple choice questions, short definitions of terms, and brief timelines of events during the early phases of World War 2 in Europe from 1938-1940
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The document discusses the origins and key events of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union after World War II. It focuses on the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan which aimed to contain the spread of communism and help rebuild Europe, upsetting the Soviet Union. It also mentions the Berlin Blockade where the Soviets closed access to Berlin but lifted the blockade after the U.S. and allies flew supplies into the city.
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1924 29 Nazis
During the 1920s while Hitler was imprisoned, he determined to pursue legal means to gain power through democracy and elections rather than force. The Nazis used this time to organize, develop polished rallies and propaganda, and spread their message of German strength and blaming Jews and Communists for Germany's problems. This preparation positioned them to capitalize on the economic difficulties of the early 1930s and rapidly increase their support.
Impact Of War On Britain
Britain initially followed a policy of appeasement towards Hitler's Germany, allowing the remilitarization of the Rhineland, annexation of Austria, and cession of the Sudetenland. However, Chamberlain began rearming Britain in 1937 as he no longer trusted Hitler. At the Munich Agreement in 1938, the USSR was excluded and the West was suspicious of Russia. In August 1939, the Soviet-German non-aggression pact was signed, giving the USSR time to strengthen its defenses while Hitler offered peace with the West preparing for war. Stalin also gained a buffer zone by agreeing to divide Poland with Germany.
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The USSR initially had few allies after its formation but became a superpower by 1945. It sought to spread communism through revolution, especially in Germany, though these efforts failed. Adopting extreme leftist policies in the "Third Period" backfired and enabled Hitler's rise in Germany. The USSR then shifted to alliances with Western governments and joined the League of Nations while allying with Czechoslovakia and France. However, fearing abandonment if war broke out, the USSR ultimately signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler in 1939.
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This chapter analyzes Neville Chamberlain's first meeting with Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden in 1938. It discusses how Chamberlain's decision to meet Hitler one-on-one was seen as a bold move by contemporaries. The chapter examines notes from their conversation, finding that within hours Chamberlain had given into Hitler's demands to surrender the Sudetenland to Germany. While Chamberlain intended to pursue peace, historians argue he was naive and underestimated Hitler, who manipulated the situation to his advantage. The meeting set the stage for Hitler to further pressure Czechoslovakia and test Chamberlain's resolve through subsequent meetings at Godesberg and Munich.
Road to WW2
This document provides background information and instruction on a module about the road to World War II. It includes definitions of key terms, explanations of Hitler's aims and the steps he took to expand German territory and undermine the Treaty of Versailles. It also discusses appeasement by Britain and France and provides primary sources supporting both sides of the debate around appeasing Hitler. Students are assigned various tasks analyzing sources and historical events leading up to the war through written responses, video worksheets, and revision materials.
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The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after WWI, including war reparations of $33 billion and loss of territory. This contributed to the rise of fascism under Hitler in Germany in 1933. Hitler annexed Austria in 1938 and began demanding territories inhabited by German-speaking peoples. At the Munich Conference in 1938, the UK and France appeased Hitler by allowing Germany to take parts of Czechoslovakia. In August 1939, the Soviet-Nazi non-aggression pact allowed Germany and the Soviet Union to divide Poland between them. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, starting World War 2. Using lightning-fast Blitzkrieg tactics, Germany quickly defeated Poland and then overran Denmark, Norway,
World War Two
World War 2 began in 1939 when Germany, led by Hitler, invaded Poland after defying the Treaty of Versailles and remilitarizing. Britain and France declared war on Germany in response. Over the following years, Germany conquered much of Europe using their Blitzkrieg tactics while Britain resisted under Winston Churchill. The US joined the Allies in 1941 after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Major turning points included Germany's defeat at Stalingrad in 1942-1943 and the Allied D-Day invasion of German-occupied France in 1944, culminating in Germany's surrender in 1945 after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ended the war.
US CH 24 World War II (Europe)
1. The document provides information about key events and leaders in World War 2, including Hitler's invasion of Czechoslovakia and Poland in 1938-1939. It also summarizes Germany's early victories over France and other countries using lightning-fast Blitzkrieg tactics between 1939-1940.
2. The document outlines Hitler's goals of conquering neighboring lands to expand Germany, and his targeting of Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. It also discusses the Munich Agreement where Britain and France agreed to Hitler's demands to avoid war.
3. The information is presented in a combination of multiple choice questions, short definitions of terms, and brief timelines of events during the early phases of World War 2 in Europe from 1938-1940
26.1 the war begins
This document provides an overview of key events in World War II in Europe. It discusses Germany expanding its military in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and taking over areas around its borders like the Rhineland. It describes the policy of appeasement by France and Britain as Hitler continued expanding. It then outlines Germany's quick conquest of Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands using blitzkrieg tactics. Germany is also described as defeating France in June 1940. The document ends by mentioning the US providing aid to the Allies through the Lend-Lease Act despite not wanting to officially join the war at that point.
Occupation of the Ruhr
The document discusses the occupation of the Ruhr region of Germany by French and Belgian troops in 1923 in response to Germany failing to pay reparations as agreed after World War 1. The occupation caused major economic consequences for Germany by damaging its main industrial area and causing workers to go on strike, forcing the bankrupt Weimar government to print more money which led to hyperinflation and economic collapse. The occupation is portrayed differently in a British cartoon mocking France and a German poster appealing for the Ruhr to be left alone.
192429 nazis
The Nazis spent the years 1924-1929 preparing for another attempt at gaining power in Germany despite facing little success and interest at the time. They worked to make the Nazi Party and SA efficient and polished, practiced propaganda and oratory skills, and made plans for what they would do in power. While violence against political opponents helped gain some attention and support, the Nazis still achieved very little success in this period. It was not until the Great Depression hit Germany in 1929 that the conditions would be right for the Nazis to really increase their support and impact.
1924 29 Nazis
The document discusses the rise of the Nazi party in Germany between 1924-1929. During this time, Hitler and the Nazis were preparing for another chance to gain power, despite facing a quiet period with the stable Weimar Republic. They worked to make the party and SA more efficient, practiced propaganda techniques, and tuned their message to appeal to Germans by scapegoating Jews and communists for the country's problems. While they saw little electoral success in the 1920s, the Nazis laid important groundwork that would help them capitalize on the Great Depression and rise to power in the early 1930s.
HISTORY IGCSE REVISION CARDS - 034. MUNICH CONFERENCE
The document discusses whether the Munich Conference was a turning point in Hitler's foreign policy. One view is that it was a turning point, as it convinced Hitler that he could demand territory and no one would stop him due to the weaknesses of the League of Nations and appeasement policy. However, another view is that it was not a turning point, as Hitler had always aimed to gain territory in Eastern Europe and dismantle countries like Czechoslovakia. Ultimately, the document concludes that while Hitler always wanted to expand Germany's borders, the Munich Conference further emboldened him due to the lack of resistance from other powers.
Origins of the Cold War
The document discusses the origins and key events of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union after World War II. It focuses on the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan which aimed to contain the spread of communism and help rebuild Europe, upsetting the Soviet Union. It also mentions the Berlin Blockade where the Soviets closed access to Berlin but lifted the blockade after the U.S. and allies flew supplies into the city.
Wwii presentation
World War II began in the 1930s with Japan invading Manchuria in 1931 and Germany invading Poland in 1939. By 1940, the major sides were clear with the Allies of France, Britain, and later the United States and Soviet Union opposing the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan. A series of key battles and events unfolded over the next few years, including Germany's successful invasion of France, the Battle of Britain, Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union drawing them into the war on the Allied side, the Allied D-Day invasion of Normandy opening a second front, and the Battle of the Bulge being Hitler's last major offensive before Germany surrendered in 1945 after Hitler's suicide. The war in the Pacific ended
Extra Questions 2- Hitler's rise and consolidation of power
The document contains questions about Hitler's rise to power in Germany between 1929-1934. It asks about the causes of increased Nazi support during the Depression years, including the impact of the Reichstag Fire and Night of the Long Knives. It also asks about the consequences of events like the Wall Street Crash on weakening the Weimar Republic and helping Hitler rise to power. Finally, it poses judgment questions about the most important factors in Hitler's consolidation of power between 1933-1934.
1924 29 Nazis
During the 1920s while Hitler was imprisoned, he determined to pursue legal means to gain power through democracy and elections rather than force. The Nazis used this time to organize, develop polished rallies and propaganda, and spread their message of German strength and blaming Jews and Communists for Germany's problems. This preparation positioned them to capitalize on the economic difficulties of the early 1930s and rapidly increase their support.
Impact Of War On Britain
Britain initially followed a policy of appeasement towards Hitler's Germany, allowing the remilitarization of the Rhineland, annexation of Austria, and cession of the Sudetenland. However, Chamberlain began rearming Britain in 1937 as he no longer trusted Hitler. At the Munich Agreement in 1938, the USSR was excluded and the West was suspicious of Russia. In August 1939, the Soviet-German non-aggression pact was signed, giving the USSR time to strengthen its defenses while Hitler offered peace with the West preparing for war. Stalin also gained a buffer zone by agreeing to divide Poland with Germany.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: CHURCHILL, HITLER AND THE UNNECESSARY WAR
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: CHURCHILL, HITLER AND THE UNNECESSARY WAR. It contains: the unnecessary war, great mistakes of the war.
USSR
The USSR initially had few allies after its formation but became a superpower by 1945. It sought to spread communism through revolution, especially in Germany, though these efforts failed. Adopting extreme leftist policies in the "Third Period" backfired and enabled Hitler's rise in Germany. The USSR then shifted to alliances with Western governments and joined the League of Nations while allying with Czechoslovakia and France. However, fearing abandonment if war broke out, the USSR ultimately signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler in 1939.
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Presentation1 1
Helmut Neustaedter was born in Berlin in 1920 and grew up wealthy, later changing his name to Newton and opening a small photo studio in Melbourne. Newton contributed fashion photos to French Vogue from 1961-1986, helping define their style, and also shot for Playboy, Queen, and other magazines, known for his stark and provocative photographic style that set a new standard in the industry. Newton died in a car crash in Hollywood in 2004 at the age of 83.
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This chapter analyzes Neville Chamberlain's first meeting with Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden in 1938. It discusses how Chamberlain's decision to meet Hitler one-on-one was seen as a bold move by contemporaries. The chapter examines notes from their conversation, finding that within hours Chamberlain had given into Hitler's demands to surrender the Sudetenland to Germany. While Chamberlain intended to pursue peace, historians argue he was naive and underestimated Hitler, who manipulated the situation to his advantage. The meeting set the stage for Hitler to further pressure Czechoslovakia and test Chamberlain's resolve through subsequent meetings at Godesberg and Munich.
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This document provides background information and instruction on a module about the road to World War II. It includes definitions of key terms, explanations of Hitler's aims and the steps he took to expand German territory and undermine the Treaty of Versailles. It also discusses appeasement by Britain and France and provides primary sources supporting both sides of the debate around appeasing Hitler. Students are assigned various tasks analyzing sources and historical events leading up to the war through written responses, video worksheets, and revision materials.
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The three key factors that led to the outbreak of World War II in Europe were the policy of appeasement, the weakness of the League of Nations, and Hitler's expansionist foreign policy. The policy of appeasement involved Britain and France making concessions to Hitler in an attempt to avoid war. However, this only emboldened Hitler and failed to stop his aggression. The League of Nations was unable to enforce disarmament or impose effective sanctions, showing that countries could act without consequences. This was seen in Italy's invasion of Abyssinia. Finally, Hitler pursued an increasingly aggressive expansionist foreign policy through the remilitarization of the Rhineland, annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia, and invasion of Poland
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This document discusses the policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany in the 1930s. It explains that European leaders were reluctant to face another major war after WWI. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain pursued a policy of appeasement, believing it would prevent another disaster like WWI. However, Hitler continued expanding German territory by annexing Austria and demanding the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. The Munich Agreement allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland, but failed to achieve "peace in our time" as Chamberlain claimed, as Hitler later occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia, paving the way for WWII.
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The policy of appeasement adopted by Western nations towards Nazi Germany in the late 1930s had several motivations:
1. Leaders feared that standing up to Hitler's expansionist demands would lead to another devastating world war when their countries were not militarily prepared. They hoped appeasement could buy time to rearm.
2. Many in Britain and France felt sympathy for Germany after World War 1 and thought the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh. They believed accommodating some of Hitler's initial demands was reasonable.
3. There was a misjudgment of Hitler as a leader who could be reasoned with, rather than an ideologue who would continue escalating his demands.
4. Some feared
Appeasement
The document discusses the policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany in the late 1930s. It outlines the arguments both for and against appeasement, as well as key events like the annexation of Austria, the Munich Agreement over the Sudetenland, and Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1939. While appeasement aimed to avoid war by allowing some of Hitler's territorial demands, it failed to deter German aggression in the long run and showed that Hitler's promises could not be trusted. By giving in to Hitler at Munich, the allies also betrayed Czechoslovakia but may have bought some time to rearm for the looming war.
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The document discusses the Munich Agreement of 1938 and its aftermath. It describes how Germany demanded the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia and how the leaders of Germany, Britain, France, and Italy met to discuss this. The agreement allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. Many saw this as appeasement that emboldened Germany, while others felt it prevented war at that time. The US at the time remained isolationist and did not want to get involved in European conflicts.
Road to war student booklet
This document provides an overview of key events leading up to World War II. It lists Hitler's three foreign policy aims of abolishing the Treaty of Versailles, expanding German territory, and defeating Communism. It then outlines six steps Hitler took to advance towards war, including rearmament, remilitarizing the Rhineland, and annexing Austria and Czechoslovakia. The document also discusses appeasement by Britain and France in response to Hitler's actions and growing German aggression. Chamberlain hoped appeasement would avoid war but it failed to stop Hitler's drive for further conquest.
Winston churchill
Pysa4ka presents media project English Visuals
Precarpathian University
Ukraine
Прикарпатський університет
(с) Писачка, 2019
mazepi10@gmail.com
Causes wwii hitler's war
Hitler pursued an aggressive foreign policy in the 1930s to pursue Germany's territorial claims and achieve Lebensraum. This included remilitarizing the Rhineland, annexing Austria and Czechoslovakia, and seeking colonies. Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1939 triggered WWII in Europe.
· 0 out of 1 pointsWhich of these aggressive acts of pol.docx
The document appears to be a set of multiple choice questions about events and decisions related to World War II in Europe and the United States' involvement. It includes questions about Hitler's early aggressive acts in Europe, Stalin's views on the postwar peace, the Battle of Midway, the Hitler-Stalin nonaggression pact dividing Poland, factors contributing to the start of WWII, Roosevelt's executive order banning discrimination in defense industries, Churchill becoming prime minister of Britain, and events at the Potsdam Conference.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: APPEASEMENT AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: APPEASEMENT AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA. Contains: appeasement, Czechoslovakia, Chamberlaine, Hitler, Nazi Soviet pact.
Causes of WWII
1. The document reviews what was learned about the causes of World War 2 which included Hitler's expansionist policies, the appeasement policy, and the weakness of the League of Nations.
2. It mentions that Hitler marched into the Rhineland in 1936, taking advantage of France holding elections to avoid a military response.
3. Two examples of the League of Nations' weakness included its failure at the 1932 disarmament conference and its inability to stop Italy's invasion of Abyssinia in 1936, showing it could not protect countries or deter aggression.
nhhs sec 2 Common test preparation papers
This document is an exam paper for a history test on twentieth century world history from 1910-1991. It contains 5 sources related to the start of World War II and Germany's foreign policy in the 1930s. Students are asked a series of questions requiring them to analyze, compare and evaluate the sources, and use them to assess how responsible Germany was for starting WWII. The exam paper also contains two multi-part essay questions about establishing peace after WWI and the rise of authoritarian regimes.
Rhineland to Anschluss, Czechoslovakia, Appeasement, Nazi-Soviet Pact
This ppt concentrates on start of the World War II. It is based on IGCSE syllabus, specifically International Relations and Hitler.
AQA B History GCSE Hitler's Foreign Policy Revision
Hitler took several steps between 1935 and 1939 to undermine the Treaty of Versailles and expand German territory, which ultimately led to the start of World War 2. These steps included reoccupying the Rhineland in 1936, annexing Austria in 1938, demanding the Sudetenland at Munich in 1938, occupying the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939, signing a non-aggression pact with the USSR also in 1939, and finally invading Poland on September 1st, 1939, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: HITLER'S FOREIGN POLICY
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: HITLER'S FOREIGN POLICY. Contains: make Germany great again, aims of its foreign policy.
WW I approaches (2 of 5)
large PowerPoint presentation of the causes of WW I, and a brief summary of the war itself. No audio as you will be the narrator. Many animations.
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· 0 out of 1 pointsWhich of these aggressive acts of pol.docx
· 0 out of 1 pointsWhich of these aggressive acts of pol.docx
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: APPEASEMENT AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: APPEASEMENT AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Rhineland to Anschluss, Czechoslovakia, Appeasement, Nazi-Soviet Pact
Rhineland to Anschluss, Czechoslovakia, Appeasement, Nazi-Soviet Pact
AQA B History GCSE Hitler's Foreign Policy Revision
AQA B History GCSE Hitler's Foreign Policy Revision
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07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCES
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE
On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down. The Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
Following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor the Nazis were finally in a position of power.
However, this power was limited, as the Nazis were just one party in a three party coalition government, under President Hindenburg.
This topic will explore how the Nazis managed to eliminate their opposition and consolidate ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an illusion of democracy.
It will first explore this topic in chronological order, from the Reichstag Fire through to the death of President Hindenburg, and then explore it thematically in the last section. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. The Nazis aimed to increase their share of the vote so that they would have a majority in the Reichstag. This would allow them to rule unopposed and unhindered by coalition governments.
Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign.
On 27 February 1933, as the campaign moved into its final, frantic days, the Reichstag, the German Parliament building, was set on fire and burnt down. An atmosphere of panic and terror followed the event.
This continued when a young Dutch communist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime.
The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Göring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This hysteria helped to turn the public against the communists, one of the Nazis main opponents, and 4000 people were imprisoned.
The day after the fire, Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. On the 28 February 1933, President Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency.
This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the persecution and oppression of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. People could be imprisoned for any or no reason.
The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment.
Through these aspects the Nazis suppressed any opposition to their power, and were able to start the road from democracy to a dictatorship. The atmosphere of uncertainty following the Reichstag Fire secured many voters for the Nazi party.
The SA also ran a violent campaign of terror against any and all opponents of the Nazi regime. Many were terrified of voting of at all, and many turned to voting for the Nazi Party out of fear for their own safety. The elections were neither free or fair.
On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%.
The Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933
Hitler was not immediately appointed chancellor after the success of the July 1932 elections, despite being leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. It took the economic and political instability (with two more chancellors failing to stabilise the situation) to worsen, and the support of the conservative elite, to convince Hindenburg to appoint Hitler.
Hitler was sworn in as the chancellor of Germany on the 30 January 1933. The Nazis were now in power.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 03. NAZI'S LITTLE SUCCESS
The document discusses the early success of the Nazi party in Germany. It notes that while the party made progress in organization and membership in its early years after 1919, it had little impact in elections initially. The Nazis received only 6.5% of the vote in their first national election in 1924. Later elections in 1928 saw their support decline further to just 2.6% as the German economy and political situation stabilized under Stresemann. While the Nazis appealed to specific groups frustrated with the Weimar Republic, they remained a small party with less than 30,000 members by 1925.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 02. NAZI PARTY IDEOLOGY IN 1920
The document provides background information on the origins and early development of the Nazi party in Germany during the 1920s. It describes how the party began as the German Workers' Party led by Anton Drexler before Hitler joined in 1919 and became the leader in 1921. It also outlines some of the key aspects of the Nazi party platform outlined in the 25-point program, including nationalism, anti-Semitism, and a desire for more territory. Finally, it discusses Hitler's failed Munich Putsch coup attempt in 1923 and how he wrote Mein Kampf while in prison.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 01. FASCISM
1) Post-war instability and economic crisis weakened established political systems in countries like Germany and Italy. 2) A sense of nationalism was used by fascist leaders to promote unity and scapegoat others for the nation's problems. 3) Charismatic leaders like Hitler and Mussolini were able to gain followers by promoting fascism as an alternative to communism and liberal democracy.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 10. THE FALL OF WEIMAR 1930-1933
The document provides background information on the rise of the Nazi party in Germany between 1930-1933. It discusses how Germany's economic dependence on American loans led to the collapse of German industry following the 1929 Wall Street crash. This caused widespread unemployment, with over 6 million people jobless by 1932. As economic conditions deteriorated, support grew for the Nazis as they promised strong leadership and blamed Jews and communists for Germany's problems. The Nazis increased their Reichstag seats in elections in 1933 after Hitler became Chancellor, and he then used emergency powers to crush opposition and establish a one-party Nazi state in Germany.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 09. TABLES AND CARTOONS
The document discusses the Weimar Republic in Germany through tables and cartoons as part of a Cambridge IGCSE depth study on Germany. It provides information on the political and economic challenges faced by the Weimar Republic between 1919-1933 through statistical tables and illustrations. The depth study uses multiple visual elements to summarize key events and issues like inflation, unemployment, and the rise of extremism during this period of German history.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESS
The “Lean Years” (also called the "wilderness" years) of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany refer to the period between 1924 and 1928 when the Nazi party did not have high levels of support and still suffered from humiliation over the Munich Putsch. Why where these years “lean”?
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929
Gustav Stresemann was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1923 during the Weimar Republic period. As Chancellor and later as Foreign Minister, he implemented policies that helped stabilize Germany's economy and improve its international standing. This included establishing a new currency to end hyperinflation, crushing communist uprisings, and pursuing diplomatic agreements like the Locarno Pact to normalize Germany's relations with other European powers. However, the economic and political stability of the Weimar Republic remained fragile.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic. Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the Feldherrnhalle, in the city centre, but were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazi Party members and four police officers. Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated Mein Kampf to fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATION
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 04. WEIMAR TURMOIL YEARS 1919-1923
Weimar had faced a series of problems between 1919 and 1923 (hyperinflation, Munich Putsch, Kapp Putsch) but despite the odds had managed to survive.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...
Thanks to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's ability to produce revenue-generating coal and iron ore decreased. As war debts and reparations drained its coffers, the German government was unable to pay its debts. Some of the former World War I Allies didn't buy Germany's claim that it couldn't afford to pay.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918
The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY
The document summarizes the impact of World War 1 on Germany. It discusses how Germany initially found success on the Eastern Front and made advances on the Western Front in 1918 but was eventually overwhelmed as the US joined the war effort. Germany experienced political instability, economic devastation from blockades, widespread hunger and disease, and psychological trauma from defeat. The German people bitterly blamed leaders for the defeat, sowing seeds for the rise of the Nazis in the unstable Weimar Republic that followed the war.
08. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Questions and Answers.pptx
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
07. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Abyssinian Crisis.pptx
This cartoon was likely published after the Stresa Pact was signed in early 1935, when Britain and France failed to raise the issue of Abyssinia with Mussolini and were perceived as turning a blind eye to his plans in hopes of keeping Italy as an ally against Germany. The cartoon directly criticizes the British and French policy of appeasing Mussolini, so the purpose was to criticize, not just inform. By criticizing the policy, the hope would be to influence and change the policy by swaying public opinion.
06. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Manchurian Crisis.pptx
Manchurian Crisis. On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptx
GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The Great Depression of 1930-33 meant people turned to extremist dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini, who were keen to invade other countries. This made it hard for the League to maintain peace. The League had some very ambitious plans and ideals – to stop war and make the world a better place.
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DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
- 2. DEFINITION Neville Chamberlain was the conservative prime minister of Britain in between 1937 and 1940.
- 3. Question 1 Chamberlain is closely associated with which controversial policy?
- 4. Answer 1 The appeasement of the European dictators during the late 1930’s.
- 5. Question 2 Give four reasons why Chamberlain followed a policy of appeasement.
- 6. Answer 2 He hated war. Britain needed time to rearm for war. He believed Hitler’s promises. There was little public support for another war with Germany.
- 7. Question 3 When and why did Chamberlain abandon appeasement?
- 8. Answer 3 In March1939, the German invasion of Czechoslovakia convinced Chamberlain that only war would stop Hitler.
- 9. Question 4 Was appeasement Chamberlain’s greatest foreign policy failure?
- 10. Answer 4 No. He failed to secure an alliance with the USSR – this was a real possibility and would, in effect, have surrounded Germany by allies.
- 11. Important Chamberlain’s long career of public service is defined by appeasement and historians have traditionally been harsh on him. Any debate on the causes of the Second World War should not focus solely on appeasement.