Revising the Theory of Information

TICS: An Approach to The Concept of Information Presentation for INTAS seminar 21-23 September 2003, Moscow Pavel Luksha, Alexander Plekhanov

Why Another Concept of Information? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Three Approaches to a Concept of Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Major Groups of Systems with Information ,[object Object],Technical systems with information (computers, robots, telecom means) technical Self-reproducing systems starting from SR macromolecula Biological organisms with central nervous system Pre-social organization of higher animals biological “ Super-organism” insect populations Social groups of various level of organization (micro-groups to societies) Psychic life (emerging socially, as shown by Vygotsky [1978]) Technical systems storing/ transmitting social information social

Invariant Property ,[object Object],No. Type of information system Types of memory 1 technical  permanent and operative memory devices (memory and quasi-memory of technical systems) 2 biological  genetic innate memory  individual memory in central nervous system 3 social  genetic memory of social behavior  individual memory  social memory in individual memories and technical devices

Starting from interaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],system environment Physics is no longer a science about properties of nature elements; it is about relations and interactions (physicist Yu. Rumer, lecturing)

What Is Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],memory environment

What Is SAFE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],memory SAFE

Defining Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Information as Regulation as Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Actualization and Potentialization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],memory SAFE

Principle of Information Relativity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How It Fits with Various Concepts? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Basic Information System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SAFE system memory Clutched cog-wheels model

Information/Cybernetic System (ICS) ,[object Object],information/ cybernetic system automate Controlling device ( memory ) Executing device ( memory / SAFE ) internal regulation and communication : regulative interactions inside automate , internal communication channel Contact environment ( SAFE ) external regulation and communication : regulative interactions between automate and external SAFE , external communication channel Non-contact environment regular interactions ( exchange of matter and energy ) between contact and non-contact environment A perceptor model Three cog-wheels?

Communication model of ICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SAFE memory memory / SAFE internal interaction between components of information/cybernetic system interaction between information/cybernetic system and its environment internal communication/ regulation channel external communication/ regulation channel

Shannon’s Communication Model ,[object Object],[object Object],memory memory / SAFE memory / SAFE 1 st system 2 nd system memory sender/ recipient 1 sender / recipient 2 coding/ decoding (sending/ receiving) device 1 coding/ decoding (sending/ receiving) device 2

Dynamic Aspect of Information/Programs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hierarchy of Functioning Cycles Simplified example (higher animal reproductive behavior) ,[object Object],Cycle type Information/program organization Properties elementary cycle of operation (micro-cycle) actualization of a single information/ program cannot be decomposed to lower level (lower complexity) cycles on a given level of abstraction sub-cycle (meso-cycle) combination of several information/ programs (in certain sequence) can be decomposed to meso-cycles of lower level and microcyles; has a determined goal ICS operation cycle (macro-cycle) (repeated) cycle with a final major goal state and a full variety of information/ programs can be decomposed to meso-/ micro-cycles; repeated cycle in self-maintaining and self-reproducing systems full cycle of reproduction breed care courting

Sources of Activity in ICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],memory-driven meso-cycle SAFE - driven meso-cycle external SAFE memory memory / SAFE 1 2

Adequacy/Efficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Major Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Matrix Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Matrix is around you Cells can be assigned quantity of occurrence (matrix Q), and (derived indicators of) probability/ frequency (matrices P, F), or “state of actualization” (matrix A) SAFE 1 2 3 4 memory 1 2 3 4

Communication of ICS in Matrix Model: Conjoining Matrices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ext. memory/ int. SAFE internal memory external SAFE

Example: Watt’s Governor ,[object Object],changes speed of a working shaft regulator weight lifts up / pulls down a lever lifts up / pulls down a regulator weight lever opens / closes a pressure gate working impact steam pressure

Example: Matrix model of Watt’s Governor (4 matrices) weight goes down weight goes up pressure falls pressure grows shaft slows down shaft speeds up pressure gate closed pressure gate opened

Example: Watt’s Governor (Cont.) weight steam in boiler working shaft pressure gate memory / SAFE ( execution unit no. 1) ( effector ) memory / SAFE ( execution unit no.2 ) ( receptor ) external SAFE (contact environment) internal memory ( controlling unit ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Quantitative Measures of Information/Programs Measures of information/program variety Measures of information/program quantity with copies indicated as IPions? V F =  j  i A ij full variety V A =  j  i A ij for i=j adequate/efficient variety V N =  j  i A ij for i  j, or inadequate/inefficient variety V N =V F -V A L= lim T  T/R length of macro-cycle I F =  j  i F ij full quantity I A =  j  i F ij for i=j adequate/efficient quantity I N =  j  i F ij for i  j, or inadequate/inefficient quantity I N =I F -I A

Limits to Variety and Adjustment to Requisite Variety Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Limits for information/program variety k  V F  k 2 full variety V A =k adequate/efficient variety 0  V N  k 2 -k inadequate/inefficient variety  V =V A /V F variety efficiency ratio

Limits to Information/Program Quantity with Copies ,[object Object],Limits for information/program quantity with copies I A  L limits of adeaquate/efficient information quantity I N  L-I A limits of inadeaquate/inefficient information quantity V A  I A relation between adeaquate/efficient variety and quantity V F  I F relation between full variety and quantity  I =I A /I F information/program efficiency ratio

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