The document discusses various energy initiatives and missions undertaken by the Indian government to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy, including the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, initiatives to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and appliances, and schemes to boost the use of solar and clean energy in sectors like agriculture and transportation. It also outlines some of the technical, financial, and policy barriers that India faces in achieving its energy goals, such as a lack of awareness, financing challenges, and the need for standardized equipment and coordination across different levels of government.

1. THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT'S ENERGY INITIATIVES AND THE OBSTACLES THEY FACE
A Assignment
Submitted by
Chirag Gupta
(2022PCV5301)
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree of
Masters of Technology
In
Renewable Energy
Under the supervision of
Dr Sunanda Sinha
(Assistant Professor)
CENTRE FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR
RAJASTHAN, INDIA-302017

2. TABLE OF CONTENT: -
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………1
1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….….2
2. CLIMATE…………………………………………………………………….3-5
3. BUILDING……………………………………………………………………6-7
4. AGRICULTURE………………………………………………………………8
5. OTHER MISSIONS…………………………………………………………...9
6. ENERGY OBSTACLES in INDIA
a. CHALLENGES & LESSONS…………………………………………10
b. BARRIERS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY……………………………..10-11
7. REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………12

3. 1
LIST OF FIGURES: -
Chapter 1
1.1.EC Act 2001………………………………………………………………………..2
Chapter 2
2.1.National Action Plan on Climate Change Missions………………………………..3
2.2.Venn Diagram of Schemes under NMEEE………………………………………...4
2.3.Schemes under NMEEE……………………………………………………………5
Chapter 3
3.1.Green Building- The Key To Good Health and Environment……………………...7
Chapter 4
4.1.Schemes under Ministry of Agriculture…………………………………………….8

4. 2
Chapter 1 : - INTRODUCTION
In order to boost the Indian economy, the Energy Conservation Act (EC Act) was passed in 2001. To support the
implementation of the EC Act, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) was established as a statutory agency at the
federal level on March 1st, 2002. The Act establishes regulatory requirements for equipment and appliance standards
and labelling, energy conservation building codes for commercial buildings, and energy consumption standards for
energy-intensive equipment. In addition, the Act directs the Bureau and the Central Government to take action to
facilitate and promote energy efficiency in all economic sectors. The Act instructs states to name organizations to
carry out the Act's provisions and promote it within their borders. The 2010 revision of the EC Act primarily included
these modifications. The Act's primary changes are listed below.
• The designated consumer whose energy consumption exceeds the prescribed norms and standards shall be
entitled to purchase the energy savings certificate to comply with the prescribed norms and standards. The
Central Government may issue the energy savings certificate to the designated consumer whose energy
consumption is less than the prescribed norms and standards by the ways may be prescribed.
• The Central Government may specify the price per metric of oil equivalent of energy utilized after consulting
with the Bureau.
• The EC Act places commercial buildings that have a connected load of 100 kW or contract demand of 120
kVA and more under the jurisdiction of ECBC.
Fig.1.1 EC Act 2001 (Source: India's Energy Efficiency Landscape Report)

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Chapter 2 : - CLIMATE
2.1.National Action Plan on Climate Change: -
• The Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change created the National Action Plan on Climate Change
(NAPCC) in 2008 while taking into account India's need to utilize its natural resources without upsetting the
ecological balance. By focusing on the relationship between poverty and economic growth as the key to
solving the problem, the Action Plan offers a novel strategy for easing the effects of climate change. With
the help of wealthy nations, these national initiatives might be quickened, thus allowing India to meet its
goals earlier.
• Public-private partnerships and civil society participation are components of the Plan's implementation.
• Promoting knowledge of climate change, adaptation and mitigation, energy efficiency, and resource
conservation will be the main objectives.
❖ Eight National Missions form the core of the National Action Plan.
Fig.2.1 National Action Plan on Climate Change Missions (Source: NAPCC, studyforcivilservices)
1. National Solar Mission (Started In 2010 To Promote The Use Of Solar Power)
2. National Mission For Enhanced Energy Efficiency (Approved In 2009)
3. National Mission On Sustainable Habitat (Approved In 2011)
4. National Water Mission
5. National Mission For Sustaining The Himalayan Ecosystem (Approved In 2014)
6. National Mission For A Green India (Approved In 2014)

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7. National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture (Approved In 2010)
8. National Mission On Strategic Knowledge For Climate Change (Nmskcc)
9. National Bio-Energy Mission (Approved In 2017)
Principles of NAPCC: -
• Achieving national growth and poverty reduction targets while preserving the environment.
• Cost-effective and efficient end-use demand-side management solutions.
• The rapid and widespread implementation of technologies that are appropriate for adaptation and mitigation.
• Cutting-edge market, governmental, and non-profit methods for sustainable development
2.2.National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) under NAPCC: -
• NMEEE intends to investigate how to develop market-based methods to increase the cost-effectiveness of
energy efficiency advancements. The best course of action for this purpose is to switch to cleaner fuels, make
economically viable technological transfers, increase capacity building, etc. The responsibility for organizing
all actions relating to this purpose rests with the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE).
SCHEMES Under NMEEE: -
Fig.2.2 Venn Diagram of Schemes under NMEEE (Source: NMEEE, Green Clean Guide)
1. Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT): This holds true for sizable industries that use a lot of energy. It is a
market-based approach to increase energy efficiency's cost-effectiveness and to certify energy savings that
might be exchanged.
2. Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency (MTEE): Give more thrust to innovations to produce
appliances that are completely affordable and energy-efficient.
3. Energy Efficiency Financing Platform (EEFP): Ensuring that there is adequate finance at reasonable rates
for energy efficiency project implementation.
4. Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development (FEEED): creating financial tools to support
energy efficiency This endeavor is being done to allay the worries of banks and investors who are wary of
taking risks. This program offers cutting-edge financial tools. BEE established two distinct types of funds to

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increase investor and bank confidence and reduce the possibility that projects would stagnate for lack of
funding. The two types of funds are:
a. Venture Capital Fund for Energy Efficiency; and
b. Partial Risk Guarantee Fund for Energy Efficiency.
Fig.2.3 Schemes under NMEEE (Source: NMEEE, Simplified UPSC)

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Chapter 3 : - BUILDINGS
3.1.Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC): -
• In 2007, the Ministry of Power introduced the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) for new
commercial structures.
• ECBC defines norms of energy performance for various building components, taking into consideration the
climatic region in developing a standardized enforcement model for uniform implementation across the
country.
• Given that the commercial building sector has one of the highest growth rates among all consumer categories,
BEE introduced the ECBC to set standards for energy consumption in new buildings.
• The ECBC was amended in 2017 and establishes minimum energy standards for new commercial buildings
with a connected load of 100 kW or contract demand of 120 kilovolt amperes (kVA) or more. This was done
to improve EE in the commercial building sector. ECBC 2017 is practical, forward-thinking, and simple to
apply. The three degrees of compliance for ECBC 2017 are ECBC, ECBC+, and Super ECBC. To identify
structures that go above and beyond the fundamental ECBC criteria, two extra levels have been established.
3.2. Standards and Labeling: -
The Standards & Labeling program for equipment and appliances was launched by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency
(BEE) in 2006 to give consumers the information they need to make energy-saving decisions. In other words, the
Standards and Labelling (S&L) scheme was started to give consumers the information they need to make an informed
decision about energy savings and, consequently, the possible cost savings of different energy-consuming equipment.
The Star Rating scheme, often known as S&L, is being used in the appliance industry. According to this effort,
appliances must meet minimum energy performance standards that are ranked from 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest
energy-efficient level. There are currently 26 appliances covered by this program, of which 10 are subject to the
mandatory regime and the other 16 are subject to the voluntary regime.
3.3.Promotion of Energy Efficient LED Bulbs – UJALA scheme: -
• The "Prakash Path," or "path to light," as articulated by the Honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi,
is the LED lamp. The program is an endeavor the Indian government to promote energy efficiency throughout
the nation.
• The UJALA program aims to encourage household users to use energy more efficiently, increase consumer
knowledge of the benefits of utilizing energy-efficient equipment, and increase demand to lower the high
initial costs of LED lighting. It should be mentioned that the program was rebranded as UJALA after being
known as DELP (Domestic Efficient Lighting Program) at first.
• The flagship program of EESL is UJALA, which involves the nationwide distribution of Light Emitting
Diode bulbs (LEDs) to households via state DISCOMs. LEDs can be purchased upfront or in instalments by
consumers using their electricity bills. The cost of purchasing LEDs in bulk has been significantly reduced,

9. 7
and this savings has been passed on to customers. EESL sold 36.66 billion LEDs, preventing peak demand
additions of 9,542 megawatts and saving 47.66 billion kWh of electricity annually, totaling Rs. 19,064 billion
(MW). 38.60 MtCO2 of emissions are thought to be reduced yearly.
3.4.Demand Side Management: -
• DSM refers to the decision-making, preparation, and execution of actions with the goal of influencing the
demand, or customer, side, of the electric meter.
3.5.Eco Niwas Samhita 2021: -
• The Energy Conservation Building Code for Residential Buildings (ECBC-R) was created to support India's
ongoing efforts to conserve energy.
• It outlines methods for code compliance, minimal energy performance standards for building services, and a
framework for verification with Eco Niwas Samhita 2021.
3.6.Online Star Rating Tool: -
• It offers performance analysis to assist professionals in selecting the finest solutions for their houses' energy
efficiency.
• It was introduced for Energy Efficient Homes; a program designed to increase a home's energy efficiency
and lower its energy usage.
Fig.3.1. Green Building- The Key to Good Health and Environment (Source: Green Building Concept, Diademy)

10. 8
Chapter 4 : - AGRICULTURE
4.1. Agricultural Demand Side Management (DSM) Scheme: -
• The AgDSM initiative intends to improve EE in the agricultural sector by lowering overall power
consumption, enhancing the effectiveness of groundwater extraction, lowering the subsidy burden on public
utilities, and avoiding the need to build in new power plants.
• Agriculture provides a living for more than 70% of rural households. According to the information available,
the sector uses more than 2.1 Cr pump units, the bulk of which are ineffective. According to statistics, the
industry adds 2.5 to 5 lakh new connections for pump sets every year. In India, agricultural pumps typically
have a capacity of 5 horsepower (HP), with efficiency rates averaging 25 to 30 percent.
• Recent Government Initiatives for the Development of the Agriculture Sector: -
o E-NAM Portal
o Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
o Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
o Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF)
o AgriStack
Fig.4.1. Schemes under Ministry of Agriculture (Source: INSIGHTSIAS)

11. 9
Chapter 5 : - OTHER MISSIONS
5.1.National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP): -
• The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 was introduced by the Indian government in
2013.
• It promotes hybrid and electric vehicles in order to ensure national fuel security. From 2020 onward, an
ambitious goal is to sell 6-7 million hybrid and electric automobiles annually.
• The government wants to offer financial and tax advantages to jump-start this developing technology, such
as demand-side incentives to make it easier to buy hybrid and electric cars and promoting R&D in areas like
battery technology, power electronics, motors, and systems integration.
• In the Union Budget for 2015–16, the government introduced the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of
Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME India) program under NEMMP 2020. The program will give both
hybrid and electric vehicle adoption and market development a significant boost in the nation. The plan
focuses on four areas: demand creation, technology development, pilot projects, and charging infrastructure.
5.2.Human Resource Development (HRD): -
• Raising awareness has the ability to significantly enhance the energy efficiency of equipment and processes.
For energy-efficient technology and practices to be adopted in a variety of industries, a good policy for
developing, maintaining, and upgrading human resource capabilities is essential.
• The HRD component includes a theory and practice-oriented training programme and offers people support
for energy audit instruments.

12. 10
Chapter 6 : - ENERGY OBSTACLES in INDIA
6.1.CHALLENGES & LESSONS
• Program outcomes are hard to forecast; feedback systems and decision-making procedures that enable
continuous monitoring and modifications are crucial. • Technology use patterns and energy performance
benchmarking are highly country-specific; enabling them is a crucial first step.
• Multi-level governance regimes further complicate human and institutional capacity to assess, analyze, and
integrate into mainstream sectors. • National and international programs to improve capacity around policy,
technological, or commercial transactions are crucial.
• Public policy must quickly transform technical prospects into "branded products." Targeted outreach efforts
can be very effective. Enforcement and monitoring are difficult and expensive tasks.
• A barrier is a higher initial cost; but, with sufficient and reliable information, individuals and organizations
can make investments with payback periods of 2 to 5 years; longer payback periods necessitate incentives.
• Energy insecurity and poverty are growing
• Industrial output is hampered by electricity shortages; the increased demand for gas is met by imports.
6.2.BARRIERS TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• The execution of energy efficiency projects in India has been hampered by a number of obstacles, including
technical, financial, market, and policy ones, despite the numerous efforts and advantages of energy
efficiency. Here, some of these obstacles are discussed.
• There is a huge untapped potential for reducing energy waste, which accounts for on the order of 30% of all
commercial energy consumption. Energy efficiency markets in India are thought to be worth between Rs.
200 and Rs. 300 billion, expanding at a 10% annual rate.
• Despite numerous efforts and the advantages of energy efficiency, the execution of energy efficiency projects
has been hampered by a number of technical, financial market, and legislative impediments. The main
obstacles are:
• Lack of awareness:
The greatest obstacle to energy saving is managers' ignorance of the potential benefits from increased
efficiency. Industries and the government still need to take into account things like tax credits,
depreciation advantages, rising electricity prices, investment life cycle savings, and prompt money
release.
• Shortage of widespread education and training:
There are no widely available educational options in energy management and conservation. Additionally,
there aren't enough training facilities, instructors, or auditors.

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• Economic and market distortions:
Due to unfair pricing, other market distortions, and socioeconomic considerations, the response to
conservation efforts is illogical.
• Lack of standardization of equipment:
The adoption of energy-saving measures is being negatively impacted by the slow rate of advancement in
obtaining higher standards of energy consumption in machinery and appliances.
• Lack of financing:
Investments in energy efficiency in India are strongly discouraged by the lack of adequate credit facilities
and the challenges in acquiring the necessary funding for energy-saving initiatives.
• Lack of effective coordination:
Energy efficiency in India has been severely hampered by the lack of efficient national-level coordination
and promotion of energy saving initiatives.
• Policy framework:
The Energy Conservation Act of 2001 was passed by the Government of India in response to the significant
potential for energy savings and its advantages in order to close the supply-demand gap, reduce
environmental emissions through energy conservation, and successfully remove obstacles. Act offers the
institutional foundation and much-needed framework for starting an energy efficiency push for the first time.

14. 12
REFERENCES: -
i) India's-Energy-Efficiency-Landscape-Report
ii) https://testbook.com/ias-preparation/national-mission-for-enhanced-energy-efficiency-nmeee/
iii) https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/new-initiatives-in-building-energy-efficiency
iv) https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/national-mission-for-enhanced-energy-efficiency-nmeee/
v) https://www.insightsonindia.com/agriculture/role-of-agriculture-in-indian-economy/government-initiatives-
policies-and-measures/
vi) https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/road-to-smart-and-precise-agriculture