This document provides a summary of key concepts from modules covering developmental and social psychology. It outlines genetic factors that influence development, prenatal stages, infant development theories including attachment, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, parenting styles, theories of moral and social development by Kohlberg and Erikson. It also summarizes concepts from social psychology such as individualism vs collectivism, attribution theory, social influence, prejudice and attraction.

1. Review Sheet #3
Modules 5, 6, 7-10, 53-55
Development and Social Psychology
Developmental
The role of GENETICS:
Chromosomes: 23 pair (one from the sperm and one from the egg for each)
The 23rd pair determines the child’s gender (Father’s X = girl, Y = boy)
DNA – strand of chain on each chromosome.
The sex hormones for males and females
Evolutionary psychology, natural selection
Twin studies
Social norms
Androgyny, gender identity, social learning vs. gender schema theories
Prenatal stages: zygote, embryo, fetus
Fetal alcohol syndrome, terratogens
Infancy:
- Imprinting, Rooting reflex, Critical period, Habituation studies of infants, Plasticity, Temperament
- Attachment studies (Harry Harlow, Mary Ainsworth)
Piaget:
- Schemas, assimilation, accommodation
- Stages (Sensorimotor, Pre-perational, Concrete operations, Formal operations)
Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive parenting styles
Kohlberg – Moral Ladder:
- Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-Conventional
- Carol Gilligan
Erikson – Social Development:
- Trust v. Mistrust - Identity v. Role Confusion
- Autonomy v. Doubt - Intimacy v. Isolation
- Initiative v. Guilt - Generativity v. Stagnation
- Competence v. Inferiority - Integrity v. Despair
Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease
Cross-sectional v. Longitudinal studies
Fluid v. Crystallized Intelligence
Social Psychology:
- Individualism v. Collectivism - Social-Exchange Theory
- Attribution Theory, Fundamental Attribution - Bystander Effect
Error - Normative and informational social influence
- “Foot-in-the-Door” Phenomenon, Cognitive - Prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, in-group
Dissonance bias
- Self-fulfilling prophecy - Factors that affect attractiveness, mere exposure
- Just-world phenomenon effect
- Frustration-Aggression Theory - Scapegoat Theory
- Central v. Peripheral route to persuasion - Passionate v. Companionate Love
- Types of conflict (approach-approach, - Superordinate goals
avoidance-avoidance, and approach- - Asch Line Experiment
avoidance) - Milgram Experiment
- Group Polarization and Groupthink - Zimbardo Prison Experiment
- Social Facilitation, De-individuation, and Social
Loafing