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REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION & REVIEW WITH EMPHASIS TO THE COMPUTER AND INTERNET.
- 1. 1 SHAHEED BENAZIR BHUTTOUNIVERSITY, SHAHEED BENAZIZABAD ASSIGNMENT REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION & REVIEW WITH EMPHASIS TO THE COMPUTER AND INTERNET. SUBMITTED TO : Mam Syed Sapna Shah SUBMITTED BY: S.NO NAME ROLL NO. 1. ABDUL WAHEED 24-M.PHIL(Edu)-04 2. AMNA 24-M.PHIL(Edu)-09 3. SOHAIL SHAMS MALIK 24-M.PHIL(Edu)-06
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- 3. 3 Introduction: Information Communication Technologiesare constructed energetic deviations in civilization. They are manipulating all facets of life expectancy. The encouragements were fondled additional and more to institutes since ICTs deliver together pupils also tutors with more chance’s trendy adjust learning and teaching to discrete prerequisites society is coercing institutes to suitably respond to that technical modernization. According to Tunio (2002), ICTs reduce the absorption of knowledge, facilitate the acquirement, and offer under-developing countries unprecedented chances to instigate educational organisms. Also, ICTs improve strategy devising and implementation and broaden the assortment of chances for commercial and other arenas. Watsons defined in his description that ICTs had revolutionized the tactics people use today and renovated education in new era technologies. By way of a result, if institutes sequence trained children in the recent past expertise in abilities and equipment, they may be not operational plus fitting in the era of tomorrow. This is mainly an adequate intention for ICTs to get a chance for global acknowledgment and devotion. Kofi Anan, the former secretary General of The United Nations argues that it is imperative to achieve the objective line of Universal Primary Education by the year 2015, we might make sure that ICTs reveal the flap of the education system. That designates to mounting demand upturns the imperative place that ICTs may well retrieve in education. In the meantime, ICTs deliver superior occasions for pupils and instructors to modify learning and teaching to discrete necessities, society, compelling schools to elasticity suitable response to this technical new era of modernism. ICTs found fissures with authenticity those which have ensured access to use, and control expertise, and others have not access, make an enormous modification to the use of ICTs. The persistence of the evaluation article stays to debate the reimbursements of ICT procedures in education, heightening of pupil erudition, familiarities particular nation-states in obligation for reassure strategy destroyers, institute supervisors, teacher’s compensation of prerequisite consideration to assimilate that expertise in their education systems.
- 4. 4 Information and communicationtechnology is the backbone of today's educational system, bringing a robust framework for teaching and learning. It is an area that facilitates communication and increases elements of life. Modernization and essential elements of the 21st century is also led by it. Because technology in education depends on resources like energy and a robust network, there is a significant gap in the provision of high-quality education. Our school system is beset with several difficulties as a result of outdated technology and inadequate access to it. Contextualization: ICT is flattering new appropriate to comprehend and contrivance the emergent pedagogics of constructivism. Anderson (1999) and Voogt (2003) spectacle a most important impediment of ICT assimilation of tutoring & learning and exertion participation in computer workstations and internet access for those addicted to classroom proficiency. (Kok,2007) ICTs progressively transfuse every facet of lifecycle in altered constituent parts like (Exertion, knowledge, ease, and health) for the reason that ICTs are outstanding apparatuses for the facts processing the innovative era prerequisite to growing into proficient in their expenditure, ought to procure obligatory skills and for that reason must have admittance to computer grids while at graduate school. ICTs are having an impact on the methods of instruction that are employed in schools. They have significantly influenced developments in teaching techniques, community services, and education. Kozma (2005) identified three key considerations for assessing the impact of ICTs on education in his literature study. Initially, learning objectives encompass things like enhanced scholastic achievement or the procurement of whole new competencies required for a growing economy. We should also include the enhancement of teachers' technical skills, their knowledge of innovative pedagogical practices, and their improved attitudes about teaching as instances of teacher and classroom outcomes. Tanzania pioneered the practice of computers in business and the requirement for computer operator training. Higher Education Institutes responded by introducing computer science technology courses. To teach computer literacy, several private training facilities were also founded. Furthermore, the Tanzanian government organized and initiated the secondary school computer supply program. The Ministry of Education and Culture 1997 released a computer studies curriculum intended for secondary schools. ICT reduces critical thinking and creativity as Students' creativity is limited by computers. Students who rely too heavily on ICT may find it difficult to use it for critical thinking and analytical skills; they may only understand the surface level of material they download; computer-based learning can have detrimental corporal side possessions, such as vision problems; they may become effortlessly distracted and stopover
- 5. 5 unwanted websites; theymay overlook learning resources other than computers and the internet; they may focus on copying and superficial presentations from the internet; they may have fewer opportunities to practice oral and handwriting skills; and finally, using ICT might be more problematic for weaker students who maybe require more assistance from their teachers. Comparison ICT plays a huge role in forming a world with new adopting abilities. The most demanding competency skill in education learning is to enhance our learning skills to compete in the digitalized world. Developing countries need more focus on digital skills to encounter their capabilities to work collaboratively and effectively using digital tools. In contrast, the developed countries are now in the digitalized world. ICT in the education and learning process is a holistic term because there is unlimited information on different websites. Constructivists follow the new knowledge learning using prior knowledge. Different schools of different areas are explored by giving them internet opportunities and it identifies that most of the student’s learning level has been enhanced. Developing countries still need many years to reach the digital age in education and learning because it finds many gaps like; resources, lack of interest, lack of information, etc. Policymakers have to find out and reflect on alternative teaching paradigms. Bandura (1986) focuses on individual needs and emerging trends in ICT and also fosters learning to give open access to individual needs. ICT integration in school is not only focused on students' learning but also empowers teachers to use new instructional methods it helps to remove bias in evaluation but, not at all it may create bias because it depends upon the instructions given it. Implications:
- 6. 6 • Without adoubt, ICT plays a big role in advancing educational innovations and providing high- quality instruction. ICT-based learning should be incorporated into curricula by policymaking authorities. • The 21st century requires technology, and we can easily accomplish educational goals by utilizing it. • Since e-learning is the finest illustration of how learning may happen efficiently when we have access to all technical resources and tools, information and communication technology (ICT) is a vital instrument at all educational levels. • Another factor contributing to the challenge is the teachers' lack of experience and passion for using computers in the classroom. Conclusion To sum up, there are countless potentials to improve learning, encourage diversity, and develop creative teaching methods due to the ongoing expansion and integration of information communication technologies in education. Accepting these developments will be essential to educating the next generation for success in an increasingly digital environment as the educational landscape continues to change. SUMMARY This critical review summarizes the key challenges for the upbringing of digital change in society. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have revolutionized the education system by providing opportunities for personalized learning and teaching. They reduce the absorption of knowledge, facilitate the acquisition of skills, and offer unprecedented chances for underdeveloped countries. ICTs also improve strategy planning and implementation and broaden opportunities in various fields. However, there are challenges in integrating ICTs into education, such as limited access and outdated technology. ICTs have influenced teaching techniques, community services, and learning outcomes. The impact of ICTs on education includes enhanced academic achievement, improved teacher skills, and innovative pedagogical practices. While ICTs bring numerous benefits, there are also drawbacks such as limited critical thinking and creativity, distraction, and reliance on superficial internet resources.
- 7. 7 Reference Bandura, A. (1986).Social foundations of thought and action: A Social-Cognitive View. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Brosnan, T. (2001). Teaching Using ICT. University of London: Institute of Education. Kok, A. (2007). ICT Integration into Classrooms: Unpublished literature review Kozma, R.B, (2005).National policies that connect ICT-based education reform to economic and social development. An interdisciplinary journal of humans in ICT environment 1(2) 117-156. Watson, D.M. (2001). Pedagogy before Technology: Re-thinking the Relationship between ICT and Teaching. Education and Information Technologies, 6, 4, 251-266. Volman M. (2005). Variety of roles for a new type of teacher. Educational technology and the teacher profession. Teacher and Teacher Education, 21, 15-31. Yousef, A. B. and Dahamini, M. (2008). The Economics of E-Learning: The Impact of ICT on Student Performance in Higher Education: Direct Effects, Indirect Effects and Organizational Change. Tinio, V.L. (2002). ICT in Education: UN Development Programme. (Retrieved from http:www.eprmers.org on December 2009).