The document discusses how European colonialism in Rwanda contributed to the 1994 genocide. It explains that Germany first colonized Rwanda in 1894, introducing a system that categorized citizens as Hutu or Tutsi. Belgium then took control after World War I, exacerbating ethnic tensions and categorization. This led the Hutu majority to overthrow the Tutsi monarchy in 1959. The resulting ethnic conflict and hatred planted by colonial policies directly contributed to the conditions that enabled the 1994 genocide against Tutsis.
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Statement Of Purpose In Chemistry
Statement of Purpose
Introduction / background
Chemistry is ubiquitous and its prevalence is evident in everything right from environment, biology and even in technology. It is this versatility, which aids me in gaining insight in every field of science. Being a graduate in Bio analytical Chemistry and Organic chemistry, my enthusiasm and inclination grew towards quantitative and qualitative analysis of natural and synthetic compounds in research laboratory. It is with this passion, I look forward to unravel the mystics of analytical chemistry through theoretical and practical knowledge. Therefore, I would like to apply for the Doctoral Program in Analytical Chemistry at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
A strong desire to achieve my aspiration coupled with my interest in science field enabled me to secure admission in undergraduate program in science (Chemistry) from Mithibai College in Mumbai University, which is one of the top ten colleges in Mumbai, India. My genuine interest in chemistry brought me an award in Srujan project (Neutron Activation Analysis) associated with Nehru Science Center. The project edified my mind with practical knowledge and expertise in TLC, Crystallization, NMR, Spectroscopy (UV, Visible and IR), Chromatography (HPLC and Gas) and stereochemistry....show more content...I found that university has excellent faculty members, good infrastructure and well equipped laboratory. My career inclination is towards research industry due to my background in organic chemistry. Also, a course in bio analytical chemistry with a PhD in Analytical Chemistry will further serve my zeal for research and technology. Furthermore, your
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Emerson Materialism
When did materialism become such a deeply ingrained part of man s sense of self? Since the dawn of time mankind has had an almost carnal desire to possess the unattainable. To conquer and claim without much regard to moral obligation. To control and take whenever and whatever they pleased without much consequence. Mankind is grappling with what it means to have a sense of self, because essentially, you are what you own in modern society. Famed writer and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson explores the possible root of mankind s infatuation with possessions in the following quote, Men have looked away from themselves and at things so long that they have come to esteem the religious, learned and civil institutions as guards of property, and they deprecate...show more content...Man wants esteem, so man turns away from God to possess worldly, materialistic objects. The possessive need becomes bigger and bigger until suddenly it s not just esteem that man wants, it a need to sate the greed that lives within him as well. My Wood by E.M. Forster, Forster demonstrates the effects of ownership on himself after he purchases his own property with the earnings from his novel. He says in reference to his property that it makes [him] feel it ought to be larger. Owning things can make people lose sight of who they are as a person and can deeply affect their behavior around other people.A person who owns more expensive things can be viewed as someone who is materialistic, and deep down they don t fully understand who they are as a person. People can own expensive things and have completely different interpretations about why they are buying those things. When people buy expensive things f
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The Early Modern English Period Essay
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH PERIOD
Early Modern English Period takes place between Middle English Period and Modern English Period. Early Modern English Period begins in the 15th century and ends in the late of 17th century. Early Modern English is used by English colonies, Wales, Ireland, Scotland and England. The language comes from Germanic and Anglo Frisian. In this period origins of words are Yiddish, German and Italian. William Coxton is the one of the most important man of the period because he leads in the spread of printing and making a lot of translations, he contributes communication between languages. The other important man is Shakespeare. In the 16th century reformation is occurred and in the 17th century Francis Bacon starts new...show more content...K. Marriott.
Let s start with the first Chapter of this work.
All the States and Governments by which men are or ever have been ruled, have been and are either Republics or Princedoms.
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Essay on History Of Space Exploration
Exploration; to travel in a little known region for discovery, as defined by Webster. Since the age of the Greeks, Anglo Saxons have been interested in space exploration. From Copernicus to Gaileo to Newton, space has been looked upon with adoring eyes. Space has been regarded time after time as the final frontier.
That was until 1957, with the launch of the Sputnik 1, when the Soviet built satellite became the first man made satellite successfully launched out into outer space. In 1958, the United States matched the Soviets with their own satellite, Explorer III. After that, it became a free for all out into the darkest regions of the final frontier. The ascension into space for the United States started off with rockets, satellites,...show more content...On August 27th, 1962, the US achieved the world s first successful interplanetary spacecraft when the Mariner 2 was launched. It arrived at Venus at a distance of 34,800 kilometers and scanned its surface with infrared and microwave radiometers. It also captured data that showed Venus surface to be about 425 C.
(Hamilton) On November 28th, 1964 the Mariner 4 was launched. It gave the first glimpse of Mars at close range, traveling within 9,920 kilometers of Mars surface. It also confirmed Mar s thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide. (Cook)On November 3rd, 1973, Mariner 10 was launched. It was the first dual planet mission.
It recorded Venus temperature to be 23 C and produced 10,000 pictures of Mercury covering 57% of the planet s surface. It also recorded the surface temperatures ranging from 187 C on the day side and 183 C on the night side. (Hamilton) Furthermore, it was also the first
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Education Is The Key For Success
We grow up being told education is the key to success. It s the only thing that will guarantee a stable happy life. The problem is that high schools are only promoting one option and failing to prepare us for it. It s not a bad option, despite many of us not being the ideal candidates, but it s also not everyone s ideal choice. When your teacher asks for your scores the last thing you expect to hear is, This school cheated you. I realised I wasn t the only one who was robbed. Despite my scores another teacher kept stressing how necessary it was for me to apply to universities. She encouraged me by letting me know her scores were worse, butshe was accepted into my dream school. I had originally planned to attend a community college and transfer in the future. I knew I didn t qualify for financial aid and I wouldn t meet the requirements for scholarships, nor the deadlines for them. I was a student athlete involved in several other extracurricular activities, I hardly had time to eat or sleep. Add last minute applications to my plate, top that with upcoming finals. I did not have time to write about what I would use for self defence during a zombie apocalypse in hopes of receiving two hundred dollars. Just a very small fraction of what I would need to pay in the future. She said community college was beneath me and I would become stuck there. If I didn t apply to universities she would fail me, thus I would not receive my diploma or be able to continue
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Essay on Martin Luther
The year 1483 certainly was not the best of times and arguably not the worst of times but it was a notable time in that the birth of one Martin Luther did occur and the re birth of Christendom was not far away. Eisleben, Germany is noted as the birthplace of young Martin Luther just ten days into November. Germany at that time was a place of emperors, princes, princelings, nobles, lords and knights. A place once called the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. A place that had no qualms with poverty or those who lived poverty s reality, the peasants. One of the many odd things about young Martin s Germany was the fact that the princes at that time were made up of archbishops and bishops who had been appointed by the pope (so much for...show more content...Now it was time to get down to the business of studying the law and, in that quest, he was caught in a storm near Stotternheim a village near Erfurt. Luther had a great fear of storms, he believed storms came from the devil and good winds were sent by angels. So in his fright he cried out Help, St Anne I will become a monk . In those days a vow such as that was a huge commitment and to break it was a mortal sin. Upon celebrating at his valedictory dinner at Erfurt he falsely prophesied, Today you see me but nevermore. 1 He ignored the pleas of his classmates to continue studying the law; he had a vow to keep.
Martin entered the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt, did his one year trial period and made his final vow to renounce the world forever. This involved a vow of poverty, chastity and obedience. When a monk took that vow, the belief was that he reverted back to the grace Adam had before the Fall, and ev
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Early Childhood Education Essay examples
Play is developmentally appropriate for primary age children and can provide them with opportunities that enrich the learning experience (Copple Bredekamp 2009). Early childhood education holds two main focuses; a child based focus and a family based focus. Early childhood education has positive outcomes on the child through their learning experiences, and their growth and development. Based on the family, the results of early education happen through the communication that the family has with the educators and by the encouragement they get from within themselves, and also from the educators.
Children learn most of what they know through play. There are many ways in which a child learns on a daily basis, they learn the skills and...show more content...Educators can facilitate the children with different materials and environments in the classrooms that are in the early learning centres. The children need to develop their minds cognitively. Children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world (Berk 2007). Children are needing to develop their abilities through their play experiences, and also through their play experiences, they can develop appropriately. Early childhood education plays a large part in a child s early development. Children develop cognition through two main stages that Jean Piaget theorized. The stages run from birth and infancy to school age children. Sensorimotor is the first stage and goes from birth to about the age of two. This stage implies that the children learn about the environment they live in and they learn this through the reflexes and movements they produce. They also learn that th
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The avowal that the apartheid 'vision for democracy' necessitated state terror and repression is evident when examining the South African apartheid system .... In this essay, the author. Explains that the strength of a nation is not established by military, economic standing, or government, but how its citizens are .... 27 лист. 2019 р. ... Urban areas in South Africa are still living with this legacy. 2.3 Environmental Justice. Walker (2012) in his book Environmental Justice: .... The practise has its roots in 19th century political developments and slavery but much of what was practised in South Africa was only developed much later. In .... The legacies of apartheid and implications of Economic liberalisation: A ... population still lives in non-urban areas (Statistics South Africa, .... 24 січ. 2019 р. ... The ever-worsening challenges of inequality and economic and social rights deprivations in South Africa are evidence of the persistent legacy of .... 29 бер. 2021 р. ... Apartheid ended more than 25 years ago, but the ever-worsening inequality and economic deprivations in South Africa prove the persistent legacy .... Author(s): Treiman, Donald | Abstract: The legacy of 350 years of apartheid practice and 50 years of concerted apartheid policy has been to create racial .... 5 квіт. 2022 р. ... In basic principles, apartheid did not differ that much from the policy of segregation of the South African governments existing before the .... 3 жовт. 2022 р. ... South Africa's medical schools struggle with the enduring legacy of apartheid, and deeply unequal health outcomes between races.
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Required Supplemental Essays · 1. “How are you and St. Olaf a good fit for each other?” (max. 100 words) · 2. “Everyone knows that I…” (max. 10 words) · 3. “St.. Free Essay: St. Olaf places a large emphasis on being engaged in a global community. During my time in Northfield, I plan on studying International .... ... essays with care and thought—St. Olaf is quite serious about crafting an intentional community of students. “How are you and St. Olaf a good fit for each .... Applying to St. Olaf College and trying to find all the correct essay prompts for 2022-23? Find them here, along with free guidance on how to write the .... St. Olaf provides many opportunities for students to practice the art of living in community. For example, most first-year students have never shared a room.. ... good sense for your level of interest in St. Olaf. This list is also not ... The personal essay (found on the Common Application or Coalition Application) .... I'm working on my St. Olaf application right now and I feel so confused ... She mentioned, for example, the fact that St. Olaf had recently produced two .... 29 трав. 2022 р. ... Got it. College Search 101: Application Essays. St. Olaf College. St. Olaf ... College Search 101: How To Find a Good Fit. St. Olaf College. St.. How are you and St. Olaf a good fit for each other? (100 words). Everyone knows that I... (10 words). No one knows that I... (10 words). St. Olaf should know .... Do you study at St. Olaf College? On Studocu you find all the lecture notes ... ENGL 206 Essay 1 - Good or Bad? 4. Abnormal ...
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In A Long Way Gone, the theme is “Always have hope”, and is shown through Ishmael Beah's hope for a better life, to find his family, and through the rehab staff .... A summary of Themes in John Milton's Paradise Lost. ... As the angels in Satan's camp rebel, they hope to beat God and thereby dissolve what they believe to .... XI.-THE THEME OF PARADISE LOST. Lovers of Milton's poetry occasionally note with regret signs that his great epic is losing its influenee upon the.. But i. Paradise Lost, and indeed also in Christian Doctrine, th symbolical interpretation is insisted on. This seemingly trivial sin in Eden was intended t.. In essence, Paradise Lostpresents two moral paths that one can take after disobedience: the downward spiral of increasing sin and degradation, represented by .... The only hope for the future is the coming of God's Son (Jesus), who will eventually break the power of evil and save those who accept him. God cannot restore .... The purpose or theme of Paradise Lost then is religious and has three parts: 1) disobedience, 2) Eternal Providence, and 3) justification of God to men.. Milton's Illusion of Hope, An Analysis on Milton's Paradise Lost "Which way ... depiction of Satan at the bottom of hell reveals the theme that in Hell the .... For the great orthodox critic, whose stated ambition about Paradise Lost is ... of telling the difference between evangelists and academics on this topic, .... ... particularly in the face of widespread condemnation, is a major theme in the later Books of Paradise Lost, as Michael shows Adam the vision of Enoch and ...
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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Statement Of Purpose In Chemistry
Statement of Purpose
Introduction / background
Chemistry is ubiquitous and its prevalence is evident in everything right from environment, biology and even in technology. It is this versatility, which aids me in gaining insight in every field of science. Being a graduate in Bio analytical Chemistry and Organic chemistry, my enthusiasm and inclination grew towards quantitative and qualitative analysis of natural and synthetic compounds in research laboratory. It is with this passion, I look forward to unravel the mystics of analytical chemistry through theoretical and practical knowledge. Therefore, I would like to apply for the Doctoral Program in Analytical Chemistry at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
A strong desire to achieve my aspiration coupled with my interest in science field enabled me to secure admission in undergraduate program in science (Chemistry) from Mithibai College in Mumbai University, which is one of the top ten colleges in Mumbai, India. My genuine interest in chemistry brought me an award in Srujan project (Neutron Activation Analysis) associated with Nehru Science Center. The project edified my mind with practical knowledge and expertise in TLC, Crystallization, NMR, Spectroscopy (UV, Visible and IR), Chromatography (HPLC and Gas) and stereochemistry....show more content...I found that university has excellent faculty members, good infrastructure and well equipped laboratory. My career inclination is towards research industry due to my background in organic chemistry. Also, a course in bio analytical chemistry with a PhD in Analytical Chemistry will further serve my zeal for research and technology. Furthermore, your
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Emerson Materialism
When did materialism become such a deeply ingrained part of man s sense of self? Since the dawn of time mankind has had an almost carnal desire to possess the unattainable. To conquer and claim without much regard to moral obligation. To control and take whenever and whatever they pleased without much consequence. Mankind is grappling with what it means to have a sense of self, because essentially, you are what you own in modern society. Famed writer and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson explores the possible root of mankind s infatuation with possessions in the following quote, Men have looked away from themselves and at things so long that they have come to esteem the religious, learned and civil institutions as guards of property, and they deprecate...show more content...Man wants esteem, so man turns away from God to possess worldly, materialistic objects. The possessive need becomes bigger and bigger until suddenly it s not just esteem that man wants, it a need to sate the greed that lives within him as well. My Wood by E.M. Forster, Forster demonstrates the effects of ownership on himself after he purchases his own property with the earnings from his novel. He says in reference to his property that it makes [him] feel it ought to be larger. Owning things can make people lose sight of who they are as a person and can deeply affect their behavior around other people.A person who owns more expensive things can be viewed as someone who is materialistic, and deep down they don t fully understand who they are as a person. People can own expensive things and have completely different interpretations about why they are buying those things. When people buy expensive things f
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The Early Modern English Period Essay
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH PERIOD
Early Modern English Period takes place between Middle English Period and Modern English Period. Early Modern English Period begins in the 15th century and ends in the late of 17th century. Early Modern English is used by English colonies, Wales, Ireland, Scotland and England. The language comes from Germanic and Anglo Frisian. In this period origins of words are Yiddish, German and Italian. William Coxton is the one of the most important man of the period because he leads in the spread of printing and making a lot of translations, he contributes communication between languages. The other important man is Shakespeare. In the 16th century reformation is occurred and in the 17th century Francis Bacon starts new...show more content...K. Marriott.
Let s start with the first Chapter of this work.
All the States and Governments by which men are or ever have been ruled, have been and are either Republics or Princedoms.
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Essay on History Of Space Exploration
Exploration; to travel in a little known region for discovery, as defined by Webster. Since the age of the Greeks, Anglo Saxons have been interested in space exploration. From Copernicus to Gaileo to Newton, space has been looked upon with adoring eyes. Space has been regarded time after time as the final frontier.
That was until 1957, with the launch of the Sputnik 1, when the Soviet built satellite became the first man made satellite successfully launched out into outer space. In 1958, the United States matched the Soviets with their own satellite, Explorer III. After that, it became a free for all out into the darkest regions of the final frontier. The ascension into space for the United States started off with rockets, satellites,...show more content...On August 27th, 1962, the US achieved the world s first successful interplanetary spacecraft when the Mariner 2 was launched. It arrived at Venus at a distance of 34,800 kilometers and scanned its surface with infrared and microwave radiometers. It also captured data that showed Venus surface to be about 425 C.
(Hamilton) On November 28th, 1964 the Mariner 4 was launched. It gave the first glimpse of Mars at close range, traveling within 9,920 kilometers of Mars surface. It also confirmed Mar s thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide. (Cook)On November 3rd, 1973, Mariner 10 was launched. It was the first dual planet mission.
It recorded Venus temperature to be 23 C and produced 10,000 pictures of Mercury covering 57% of the planet s surface. It also recorded the surface temperatures ranging from 187 C on the day side and 183 C on the night side. (Hamilton) Furthermore, it was also the first
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Education Is The Key For Success
We grow up being told education is the key to success. It s the only thing that will guarantee a stable happy life. The problem is that high schools are only promoting one option and failing to prepare us for it. It s not a bad option, despite many of us not being the ideal candidates, but it s also not everyone s ideal choice. When your teacher asks for your scores the last thing you expect to hear is, This school cheated you. I realised I wasn t the only one who was robbed. Despite my scores another teacher kept stressing how necessary it was for me to apply to universities. She encouraged me by letting me know her scores were worse, butshe was accepted into my dream school. I had originally planned to attend a community college and transfer in the future. I knew I didn t qualify for financial aid and I wouldn t meet the requirements for scholarships, nor the deadlines for them. I was a student athlete involved in several other extracurricular activities, I hardly had time to eat or sleep. Add last minute applications to my plate, top that with upcoming finals. I did not have time to write about what I would use for self defence during a zombie apocalypse in hopes of receiving two hundred dollars. Just a very small fraction of what I would need to pay in the future. She said community college was beneath me and I would become stuck there. If I didn t apply to universities she would fail me, thus I would not receive my diploma or be able to continue
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Essay on Martin Luther
The year 1483 certainly was not the best of times and arguably not the worst of times but it was a notable time in that the birth of one Martin Luther did occur and the re birth of Christendom was not far away. Eisleben, Germany is noted as the birthplace of young Martin Luther just ten days into November. Germany at that time was a place of emperors, princes, princelings, nobles, lords and knights. A place once called the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. A place that had no qualms with poverty or those who lived poverty s reality, the peasants. One of the many odd things about young Martin s Germany was the fact that the princes at that time were made up of archbishops and bishops who had been appointed by the pope (so much for...show more content...Now it was time to get down to the business of studying the law and, in that quest, he was caught in a storm near Stotternheim a village near Erfurt. Luther had a great fear of storms, he believed storms came from the devil and good winds were sent by angels. So in his fright he cried out Help, St Anne I will become a monk . In those days a vow such as that was a huge commitment and to break it was a mortal sin. Upon celebrating at his valedictory dinner at Erfurt he falsely prophesied, Today you see me but nevermore. 1 He ignored the pleas of his classmates to continue studying the law; he had a vow to keep.
Martin entered the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt, did his one year trial period and made his final vow to renounce the world forever. This involved a vow of poverty, chastity and obedience. When a monk took that vow, the belief was that he reverted back to the grace Adam had before the Fall, and ev
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Early Childhood Education Essay examples
Play is developmentally appropriate for primary age children and can provide them with opportunities that enrich the learning experience (Copple Bredekamp 2009). Early childhood education holds two main focuses; a child based focus and a family based focus. Early childhood education has positive outcomes on the child through their learning experiences, and their growth and development. Based on the family, the results of early education happen through the communication that the family has with the educators and by the encouragement they get from within themselves, and also from the educators.
Children learn most of what they know through play. There are many ways in which a child learns on a daily basis, they learn the skills and...show more content...Educators can facilitate the children with different materials and environments in the classrooms that are in the early learning centres. The children need to develop their minds cognitively. Children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world (Berk 2007). Children are needing to develop their abilities through their play experiences, and also through their play experiences, they can develop appropriately. Early childhood education plays a large part in a child s early development. Children develop cognition through two main stages that Jean Piaget theorized. The stages run from birth and infancy to school age children. Sensorimotor is the first stage and goes from birth to about the age of two. This stage implies that the children learn about the environment they live in and they learn this through the reflexes and movements they produce. They also learn that th
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The avowal that the apartheid 'vision for democracy' necessitated state terror and repression is evident when examining the South African apartheid system .... In this essay, the author. Explains that the strength of a nation is not established by military, economic standing, or government, but how its citizens are .... 27 лист. 2019 р. ... Urban areas in South Africa are still living with this legacy. 2.3 Environmental Justice. Walker (2012) in his book Environmental Justice: .... The practise has its roots in 19th century political developments and slavery but much of what was practised in South Africa was only developed much later. In .... The legacies of apartheid and implications of Economic liberalisation: A ... population still lives in non-urban areas (Statistics South Africa, .... 24 січ. 2019 р. ... The ever-worsening challenges of inequality and economic and social rights deprivations in South Africa are evidence of the persistent legacy of .... 29 бер. 2021 р. ... Apartheid ended more than 25 years ago, but the ever-worsening inequality and economic deprivations in South Africa prove the persistent legacy .... Author(s): Treiman, Donald | Abstract: The legacy of 350 years of apartheid practice and 50 years of concerted apartheid policy has been to create racial .... 5 квіт. 2022 р. ... In basic principles, apartheid did not differ that much from the policy of segregation of the South African governments existing before the .... 3 жовт. 2022 р. ... South Africa's medical schools struggle with the enduring legacy of apartheid, and deeply unequal health outcomes between races.
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Required Supplemental Essays · 1. “How are you and St. Olaf a good fit for each other?” (max. 100 words) · 2. “Everyone knows that I…” (max. 10 words) · 3. “St.. Free Essay: St. Olaf places a large emphasis on being engaged in a global community. During my time in Northfield, I plan on studying International .... ... essays with care and thought—St. Olaf is quite serious about crafting an intentional community of students. “How are you and St. Olaf a good fit for each .... Applying to St. Olaf College and trying to find all the correct essay prompts for 2022-23? Find them here, along with free guidance on how to write the .... St. Olaf provides many opportunities for students to practice the art of living in community. For example, most first-year students have never shared a room.. ... good sense for your level of interest in St. Olaf. This list is also not ... The personal essay (found on the Common Application or Coalition Application) .... I'm working on my St. Olaf application right now and I feel so confused ... She mentioned, for example, the fact that St. Olaf had recently produced two .... 29 трав. 2022 р. ... Got it. College Search 101: Application Essays. St. Olaf College. St. Olaf ... College Search 101: How To Find a Good Fit. St. Olaf College. St.. How are you and St. Olaf a good fit for each other? (100 words). Everyone knows that I... (10 words). No one knows that I... (10 words). St. Olaf should know .... Do you study at St. Olaf College? On Studocu you find all the lecture notes ... ENGL 206 Essay 1 - Good or Bad? 4. Abnormal ...
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In A Long Way Gone, the theme is “Always have hope”, and is shown through Ishmael Beah's hope for a better life, to find his family, and through the rehab staff .... A summary of Themes in John Milton's Paradise Lost. ... As the angels in Satan's camp rebel, they hope to beat God and thereby dissolve what they believe to .... XI.-THE THEME OF PARADISE LOST. Lovers of Milton's poetry occasionally note with regret signs that his great epic is losing its influenee upon the.. But i. Paradise Lost, and indeed also in Christian Doctrine, th symbolical interpretation is insisted on. This seemingly trivial sin in Eden was intended t.. In essence, Paradise Lostpresents two moral paths that one can take after disobedience: the downward spiral of increasing sin and degradation, represented by .... The only hope for the future is the coming of God's Son (Jesus), who will eventually break the power of evil and save those who accept him. God cannot restore .... The purpose or theme of Paradise Lost then is religious and has three parts: 1) disobedience, 2) Eternal Providence, and 3) justification of God to men.. Milton's Illusion of Hope, An Analysis on Milton's Paradise Lost "Which way ... depiction of Satan at the bottom of hell reveals the theme that in Hell the .... For the great orthodox critic, whose stated ambition about Paradise Lost is ... of telling the difference between evangelists and academics on this topic, .... ... particularly in the face of widespread condemnation, is a major theme in the later Books of Paradise Lost, as Michael shows Adam the vision of Enoch and ...
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. The Republic of Rwanda Essay
The Republic of Rwanda
As the universe progresses so do different societies and civilizations. From the beginning of mankind there have been many positive and negative
changes. We have seen uproar of conflict within nations and boundaries. This change has been seen evident in countries other than just the United
States, from coast to coast, continent to continent, war and struggle is noticeable. Progress is evident in countries from their period of colonization to
their struggle for independence and struggle in the political arena. The following paper will focus on the struggle and hardships of two distinct countries:
Rwanda and Mexico, countries in search for the power, recognition and...show more content...
Prior to WW1 Rwanda was named Ruanda–Urandi, a territory occupied by Belgium. After WW1 the League of Nations mandated Belgium to
administer Rwanda and in 1946 the country became a Belgium trust territory under the United Nations. During 40 years of Belgium administration, as
under most colonial dispensations, we observe the disintegration, distortion or bastardization of indigenous social and political structures and
consequences.
Until 1959, the Tutsis formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattleholding. In 1959, three years before independence, the majority
ethnic group, the Hutus overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years thousands of Tusis were killed and some 150,000 driven into exile
in neighboring countries. The monopolization of power in the hands of Tutsi constituted a crucial and undisputed factor in firmly establishing the
ethnic cleavage. This colonial intervention caused the groups to become distinct political categories. In a certain sence, we have here an instance of
ethnogenesis (Roosems, 1989), which in the case of Rwanda would inevitably lead to a reaction on the part of Hutu that they have been excluded of
power. Tutsi discourse has drawn inordinate conclusions from the
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3. Ghosts of Rwanda Essay
Ghosts of Rwanda Reflection Does the Genocide in Rwanda have a singular cause? I do not believe so; the cause of genocide in Rwanda in 1994 was
due to years of built up hatred between the Tutsis and the Hutus along with many other occurrences. The Rwandan Genocide is no exception with many
variables contributing to the horrific events that took place. According to the documentary Ghosts of Rwanda, in 1994, Rwanda experienced a
premeditated, systematic and state sponsored genocide with the aim of exterminating those who were ethnically identifiable as Tutsi. Between
500,000 and 800,000 people were killed in a period of 100 days, with around 77 percent of the population registered as Tutsi being murdered.
One of the most common...show more content...
Under the power of Tutsi King Rwabugiri, ethnic differences were established when the King implemented a system in which, in return for labour,
access to land was given. However, this system only applied to Hutu farmers and exempted Tutsi farmers (Eriksson, 1996). During the German
colonization and later the Belgian trusteeship, the Tutsi were also favoured and viewed as superior (Eriksson, 1996). The Belgians increased the
emphasis on the distinction of ethnic identity by issuing cards bearing the nationality designations of Rwandans (Klinghoffer, 1998). The colonisation
by both Germany and Belgium contributed to an ethnic jealousy in Rwanda through treatment of the Tutsi (O'Halloran, 1995). The general
decolonisation in Africa led to the Hutu revolution in which Rwanda underwent the transition from a Tutsi dominated monarchy to a Hutu led
independent republic, which resulted in tens of thousands of Tutsi fleeing into exile (Eriksson, 1996).
The Akazu aimed to accelerate racist prejudice in Rwanda, first by extending the threat of the RPF to all Tutsi. This was achieved by various staged
shootings by the army on the capital Kigali, which were blamed on the Tutsi (Uvin, 1998). Hate propaganda was also used to spread fear and hate
against the Tutsi. This propaganda was financed by Akazu members and was in various different mediums including the state radio station (Dadrian,
2004). Also during this period, a
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4. Rwanda Essay
Approximately 2 billion working adults, especially in developing countries, do not have access to a safe account at a financial institution. Moreover,
according to the World Bank, more than 59 percent of working adults do not have access to an account simply as a result of low income, implying that
these financial institutions are not yet attainable for low income users. Being one of the least developed countries, Rwanda has a population with about
89 percent of its adults owning a financial account under formal and mainly informal sectors in 2012. According to the FinScope Survey, Rwanda is
one of the leading countries in East Africa with the highest accessibility to financial inclusion despite having a poverty rate of 33 percent in...show more
content...
Through the commercial bank, SMEs, or small and medium–sized enterprises, can benefit from credit funds where the bank is able to use funds to
provide loans to small businesses. More low–income citizens can also have access to insurance through the bank in which households can obtain
health insurance without paying lump sum, allowing them to work and live better to promote a better lifestyle. Ultimately, the Rwandan government
and the National Bank established Vision 2020, in which they hope to reach "80 percent financial inclusion by 2017 and 90 percent by 2020" as a
way of achieving poverty reduction. Throughout the country, the National Bank created saving groups, which are social groups promoting the idea of
lifting Rwandan citizens out of poverty by forming little groups in provinces with the goal of saving the same amount of money weekly; from 2010 to
2014, the National Bank was able to create more than 28,000 saving groups with the support of local partners and international governmental and
non–governmental organizations, (NGOs) including USAID, the leading U.S. government agency that is working on global issues such as poverty;
through the saving groups project, USAID has developed 1,028 saving groups, and all the NGOs were able to help Rwandans save about 14 billion
Rwandan francs, which is equivalent to approximately $16.5 million.
Aside from promoting financial inclusion nationally, Rwanda has begun joining other countries, hoping to
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5. Rwanda Research Paper
For my individual essay I chose the country of Rwanda. I have chosen this country due to the fact I have a friend from this country so I have always
been extremely interested in it. One of several things that have peaked my interest is the amount of war that has taken place there over the past many
years. Also, the fact that the weather in Rwanda is beautiful almost year around except for some rainy seasons. It is also such a beautiful country with
mountains, volcanos, and lots of vegetation. Rwanda has many similarities to the United States like their government, religion and judicial system.
Although these things do not mirror the ones in the United States the do share very similar aspects.
Rwanda is made up of three ethnic groups. Twa a small hunter–gatherer group make up one percent of the population. Twa is also credited for first
settling there sometime between the 5th and 11th century. TheHutu who are the biggest group making up eighty–five percent of the population are
believed to be closely related to the Twa. Lastly the Tutsi who make up fourteen percent of the country's population. They are believed to have settled in
Rwanda sometime...show more content...
Some other religions practiced here are Muslim, and Atheism among other very small religions. Rwanda is also very diverse when it comes to
languages the most common languages spoken is Rwanda, properly known as Kinyarwanda, English, and French. Rwanda a Bantu language is spoken
by most all Rwandans. English and French have traditionally been spoken by only a small percent of the population, even though English was named
in Rwanda as the language of educational instruction in 2008. Swahili also spoken in the country is still considered the primary means of
communication to most other Africans from neighboring
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6. An Inside Look at Rwanda Essays
Rwanda is one of the smaller countries in Africa located south of the equator in Central/ Eastern Africa. It has a number of lakes, the largest being Lake
Kivu. Mountains cut through the majority of Central and Western Rwanda, its Eastern border, however consists of swamps, savannas and plains.
Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The country is home to various cultures and languages
such as Kinyarwanda (Bantu) and French. Although mostly recovered, the devastation of the 1994 genocide still plagues the country. This included the
mass killings of Rwandans led by the political elite name Akazu. The Tutsi's, one of the two major cultures inRwanda, population was drastically
affected by the...show more content...
This lead to the Rwandan Civil War. The Civil War occurred from October 1st, 1990 to August 4th, 1993 between the government of President Juvenal
Habyarimana and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) is the current ruling party in Rwanda led by president Paul
Kagame, who took office in 2000. The Civil War ended with the signing of the Arusha Accords, which established a power
–sharing government in
which both parties shared equal power. This lead to the most apparent conflict in Rwanda was the Genocide of 1994 killing 20% of total population
and 70% of the Tutsis. This was the beginning of the RPF taking the offensive once more. The genocide was planned out by a political elite named
Akazu, who held high government occupations. (usaid.gov) The date of the Rwandan genocide was April 7th, 1994 to mid July. The perpetrators in the
mass murder were the Rwandan army, the national police, government backed militias including Interhame and Impuzamungambi, and Hutu civilians.
During this time some half a million to a million Rwandans in both the Tutsi and Hutu were mass murdered, wiping out 20% of the population.
Augustin Bizimana played an important role in the Rwandan genocide as the minister of defense who supplied civilians and Rwandan Armed Forces
(FAR) with weapons. Augustin Bizimurgu was a former general of the FAR who trained military and militia men
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7. European Colonialism in Rwanda Essay
In the era of colonialism, European authorities all cynically insisted that they acted to promote such higher commitments entitled the "white man's
burden," a vital aspect claimed to be in their national interest and of prodigious importance. Yet when these global and transnational forces
increasingly usurp the power of states, in order to determine their own fiscal policies, newfangled ideologies spread, and eventually rivals spur in
conflict and tragedies befall. Such a case was found in the dramatic fallout of the Rwandan Genocide. The root of the carnage is entwined in the
European colonialism in Rwanda; where the hunger for power and land lied in Belgium colonist's interest. Ultimately, upon their unwanted arrival,
European colonists...show more content...
This course of categorization produced profound effects that echoed in the future history of the country; for during the Rwandan genocide 78 years
following, these identification cards told Hutu extremists ultimately who to kill and who to amnesty.
With this conceded class distinction came the fight for reigning ability, and amidst this power vacuum, Rwandans fell victim to conflicting groups and
crime, the eventual building blocks that lead to the massacre of 800,000 civilians. The origins of this ethnic loathing and in turn ethnic genocide can be
secured to European colonialism, where those who arrived to colonize and yield the wealth of western knowledge, instead carried racist beliefs.
Through this haunting event in history, when foreign governments unfittingly place their ideologies in unknown territory, revealed is how uninvited
nations can destabilize a state by stimulating ethnic warfare, causing it to collapse and crumble through conflict.
Leaders hope to collect public support by describing ultranationalist actions in terms of high moral purposes in their nation's interest– promising to
bring, justice, democracy, peace, economic prosperity and civilization to the affected region. Though when the greed to meet these goals crosses the
lines of altruistic morality, where ultranationalist sentiments evidently overlook basic humanitarian limits leading to
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8. Rwanda Personal Statement
Beginning in 2008, I have traveled numerous times to the central African nation of Rwanda to perform a wide range of research on the country's
history, genocide and rebirth. While my studies on Rwanda began with a focus on better understanding the 1994 genocide, also referred to as the 1994
Genocide against the Tutsi, it grew and developed. Since my first visit to Rwanda, I have become passionate in better understanding Rwanda and the
surrounding Great Lakes region, which includes the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Burundi, Central African Republic, Kenya and Tanzania.
I want to continue my academic career at the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
because of the unique opportunity...show more content...
These experiences became vital for my education as I was able to meet, interview and become close with members of the Rwandan government
and civil society. It enhanced my understanding of specific research topics as well as introduce me into new fields of research. For example while
performing my PhD research in 2014, Rwandans wanted to discuss with me about Operation Protective Edge, which led to me publishing Rwanda,
Israel and Operation Protective Edge for Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. This experience is one example of Rwanda's desire to understand and
develop closer relations with Jews, which I wish to research more on. Israel's recent re–engagement with the African continent, such as with Rwanda,
brings new possibilities in understanding Israel's foreign relations as well as Rwanda's post–genocide development. After close examination, I am
confident that the Truman Institute provides the best capability for this
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9. Rwanda And Belgium : Rwanda
Rwanda and Belgium
When atrocities take place in the world, society tends to forget and move on without proper historical reasoning, this is what took place in Rwanda.
Before the colonization by Germany and Belgium, Rwanda was divided into two prominent groups. The elite Tutsi, and the Hutu, who were peasant
farmers. Due to competition, greed, and envy every European Nation wanted to divide and conquer Africa for themselves. Germany and Belgium did
not take into consideration the different tribes when they agreed to divide Rwanda up for natural resources and profit. The greed of Belgium and long
standing rivalry between two tribes steered a once prosperous Kingdom into turmoil. The colonization of Rwanda is one of the many precursors that
...show more content...
Even though there was already a system in place that was already quite unequal, the relationship between the two were civil, until the 19th century
(Haperen 120). Racial tensions increased and colonialization intensified the distinction between the two both racially and economically.
The colonization of Rwanda began in 1884 at the Berlin Colonial Conference. The territory of Rwanda was given to Germany. "The German
Government set up military post in Rwanda beginning in 1891 and introduced civil administration in 1907 (Newbury, 257)." The Germans did not take
direct control of the territory, instead colonial rule via local leaders was instituted. The colonial perception on Africans were based on racist and
ignorant views (Haperen 99). The Hamitic Hypothesis was then brought into the picture. This Hypothesis suggests that everything of value in Sub
Saharan Africa was brought by the Hamites, "a people inherently superior to the native populations" (Sanders). The Tutsi were then chosen because
their Caucasoid qualities are more European than The Hutus. The Germans choose Tutsi over theHutu primarily because of skin color, size of the
nose and eye color. They were given power because these qualities showed that they were more intelligent and more fit to rule. The goal was to pick
the ethnic group that looked more white. This continued to fuel the
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10. Rwanda Genocide Case Study
1.The UN should have definitely taken more action to prevent the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The UN has the resources and manpower but it seems
that the UN is only motivated by monetary gain. Based on the reading, the UN stated "We will recommend to our governments not to intervene as
the risks are high and all that is here are humans." (Dallaire & Beardsley, 2003. p. 121) indicates that the members of the UN only take action if it's
in their best interest. In my opinion, the UN should disregard any gain and put human life at the top of their priorities. If they had done so during
1994, the civil war might not have become a genocide, saving the lives of
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11. Hotel Rwanda Essay
Hotel Rwanda
Some people can't resist trying to be someone they really aren't. In the film Hotel Rwanda, the main character changed his own styles just to fit in with
the Europeans and think that the Europeans will treat them as if he was a real European. And when times of crisis come along, he finds out that the
Europeans have always looked down at them. After that, he understands that what he's been doing was not himself and he changes.
Paul Rusesabagina, the main character, works as a manager in a hotel in Kigali, Rwanda. Because of his work, Paul interacts with a lot of powerful
Europeans and he plans on building it up so he can call them for help if there is any need in the future....show more content...
More and more people were going into the Mille Collines to hide from the Hutus.
With high hopes, the Europeans will be sending an intervention force that can help stop the genocide. But when the intervention forces do come, they
are only there to escort the foreign nationals back to Europe. There will be no stopping the slaughter. The forces will leave with the foreigners. The
U.N. colonel tells Paul that the superpowers and the Europeans think that the Rwandans are dirt and not worth the superpowers to save. The Colonel
says that Rwandans are not even African Americans; they are only Africans.
From that point on, Paul remembered who he really was, a Hutu, and stopped dressing like he used to and started to dress less formal. No more
tuxedos and ties, just a button down shirt. This is a quote from Paul in the film addressed to all the guests in the hotel, "Many of you know influential
people abroad. You must call these people. You must tell them what will happen to us. Say goodbye, but when you say goodbye, say it as though you
are reaching through the phone and holding their hand. Let them know that if they let go of that hand, you will die. We must shame them into sending
help."
Not long after the people made phone calls, the U.N. colonel came with exit visas for a number of families. All the people
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12. Rwanda Persuasive Essay
Less than 20 years ago more civilians were murdered in Rwanda in a three–month spree of madness than during just about any other three–month
period in human history, including the Holocaust. No country in Africa, if not the world, has so thoroughly turned itself around in so short a time.
Kagame's government has reduced child mortality by 70 percent; expanded the economy by an average of 8 percent annually over the past five years;
and set up a national health–insurance program(Gettleman 1). In Rwanda, vagrants and criminals have been collected and taken by the police and sent
to a youth "rehabilitation center". In Rwanda there are not even large slums due to the fact that the government does not allow it. The controversy of
this topic is if Rwanda should have amended the constitution to allow Kagame to run for a 3rd term? The fact is that Rwanda should have amended
the constitution to allow Kagame to run for a 3rd term...show more content...
The regions around Robert Mugabe have fallen apart under loose governments. Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe ran a beautiful, prosperous nation
straight into the ground. Also like The Democratic Republic of Congo's Joseph Kabila, who is said to play video games while his country falls
apart(Gettleman 1). Kagame routinely stays up to 2 or 3am to go through issues of The Economist or study progress reports from red–dirt villages
across his country. He is constantly searching for better, more efficient ways to save the billion dollars his government gets each year from donor
nation. These things show exactly what other nations in the region should be trying to do with the money they are given. This matters because
although Kagame runs his country in a way new to Africa, what he does for his country works and shows what others should be doing. Staying up for
long hours and working hard to help Rwanda has benefit the country and many of Rwanda's neighboring countries could learn from looking at what
Kagame
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13. Essay On Genocide In Rwanda
Heartbreak and Loss Inside a Nation
Harmony turned power hungry. The Tutsis, tall warrior people, invaded the homeland of the Hutu farmers. The Tutsis had fewer numbers. Yet, they still
conquered the Hutus. There was a compromise: if the Tutsis raised the crops the Hutus would in turn protect them. They lived as one, spoke the same
language, and intermarried. However, when Belgium withdrew their troops a power vacuum spread rapidly throughout the rugged Rwandan plains.
The Tutsis and Hutus civil war turned into a mass genocide that lasted for months. Some 600 years after, the Hutus pushed aside theTutsi and finally
regained their rightfully deserved control. Now, Rwanda is at peace, but concerned with AIDS and other diseases. It is made lots...show more content...
Instead of confronting the Hutus with words or nonviolent protests, the Tutsis began a warfare. I learned that no more than half of the Tutsi andHutu
groups can read and write in their native language. Belgium and Germany must have seen this as an advantage. The Tutsis who held military power
inherited it from the colonia lpower and don't want to share fully with the Hutus. A news reporter stated, "The German and Belgian invaders shrewdly
manipulated the Tutsi and Hutu with the age–old, highly effective "divide and rule" strategy." If the Tutsis and Hutus had been educated they would
have realized that. If they had a higher education they could have run for office, instead of electing a king. They were smart enough to form an army,
train children with deadly weapons, and kill millions of people. The only difference between the two groups is economical, rather than ethical. Once
they began the assassinations they could not stop the slaughter. At first the Hutus were victims of the atrocity, but once they regained power terror
struck down on the Tutsis. All the unfair distribution of resources such as, wealth, and education powered their fight. Segregation was also a fuel that
was ignited every time they were called "dark
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14. Refugees In Rwanda Research Paper
"How can I ever forget the scene where my husband was massacred right in my presence. It was a nightmare. It was a nightmare. I live through it
every day and it is engraved forever in my memory."
During one April, not so long ago, the world sat back and watched as a turbulent political situation in central Africa turned into something the world
will never be able to forget. 800,000 people murdered in just 100 days, 800,000 people needlessly slaughtered at the hands of extremists, 800,000
men, women, and children gone because of a more serious problem rooted in social prejudice and inequality, 800,000 killed in a genocide that the
world could do nothing about until it was too late. Almost 50 years after the world pledged to never let...show more content...
Next, the issue of return and repartition will be explored, including the issues of the forced repartition of refugees as well as the socio–political factors
that returning refugees and the Rwandan government must not only face, but deal with. Finally, this paper will talk about the future for Rwanda and the
future of refugees within the Great Lakes region of Africa. In order to help visualize the processes of refugee movements, as well as the geography of
the Great Lakes region, a map of the region has been included in Appendix 1.
The Creation of a Refugee Crisis: War and Genocide
The violent events of 1994 were not something that occurred by surprise or without warning. Ethnic tensions and political unrest have fueled a hostile
environment within Rwanda as well as within other countries in the surrounding Great Lakes region for many years, the roots of which date back to
well before the conflict in 1994 began. In order to truly understand the genocide that occurred, events dating back to 1959 and even before must be
briefly examined. A majority of the ethnic tensions throughout the tumultuous history of Rwanda lies within the two major groups known as theHutu
and the Tutsi. As Tony Waters points out "There
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15. Rwanda Genocide Politics
The Politics of "Us versus Them
The Rwandan Genocide
I chose to write about the Rwandan Genocide, because I remember vividly the news accounts that broadcast images of its ravages during the 1990s.
The conflict was identified as an ethnic conflict with very little context provided. Like most Western observers lacking knowledge of the history of the
region, I saw the conflict as both complex and senseless. The course chapter on the Rwandan Genocide was very especially informative, and inspired my
further study on the topic.
The conflict in the Rwanda Genocide was a devastating example of a deep–rooted, identity–based conflict that took place within the Rwandan Civil
War. Dr. Anastase Shyaka points out in "The Rwanda Conflict: Origin,
...show more content...
(Pubblicato da Africa Report) The revolution reinforced the racial identities created by the European colonists, and thousands of Tutsis were killed.
(Mironko) In the1961 coup of Gitarama, Hutu leaders proclaimed a republic, and elections were held the same year. The PAMEHUTO won a majority
of 77.7% of the vote. One oppressive system was replaced with another, as the Hutu elite replaced the Tutsi monarchy. (Prunier) As Hutus came to
dominate politically, economically and socially, the first wave of Tutsis fled to neighboring countries– mostly those who had been displaced from
positions of power. Their land, cattle, homes, and businesses were seized.
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16. Rwanda Research Paper
Located in Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and north of Burundi, the Republic of Rwanda is predominantly rural, and its
population relatively young; additionally, its population density is one of the highest in Africa. Humans began inhabiting the region between 8,000
BCE – 3,000 BCE, and had structured themselves into various clans (Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa) by the 15th century. The Tutsi Nyiginya clan grew to be the
more dominant, and during the 19th century, under the reign of King Kigeli Rwabugiri, reached its greatest expansion. Hutus make make 84 percent of
the population, Tutsi 15, and Twa 1 percent.
The territory of Rwanda was assigned to Germany as part of German East Africa in 1884. Under German ruling,...show more content...
In some cases, Hutu civilians were forced to murder their Tutsi neighbours by military personnel. Participants were often given incentives, such as
money or food, and some were even told they could appropriate the land of the Tutsis they killed. The mass killings in Rwanda quickly spread from
Kigali to the rest of the country, with some 800,000 people slaughtered over the next three months. In response, more than 2 million people, nearly all
Hutus, fled Rwanda, crowding into refugee camps in the Congo and other neighboring countries.
The international community largely remained on the sidelines during the Rwandan genocide. A U.N. Security Council vote in April 1994 led to the
withdrawal of most of a U.N. peacekeeping operation.. As reports of the genocide spread, the Security Council voted in mid–May to supply a more
robust force, including more than 5,000 troops. By the time that force arrived in full, however, the genocide had been over for months.
Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remain in neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo. Paul
Kagame became President of Rwanda in March 2000. In August of 2003, he won a landslide victory in the first national elections since his government
took power in
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17. Humanitarian Aid In Rwanda Research Paper
The proliferation of the crises throughout the world has led to a keen grow in the scale of humanitarian aid obligatory to meet the vital needs of the
people affected by them for shelter, food, medical care and water. The humanitarian organizations can either addresses these requirements straight or
support the local services occupied in the same work. In most cases, both procedures that used. Wounds, torture, malnutrition, illness, harassment,
extra–judicial executions, disappearance and also forced displacement of the people can found in armed conflicts. Apart from their direct outcome on
the individuals agitated, the effect of these disasters for local systems must also review and the destruction of crops and places of cultural importance,
...show more content...
Rwanda is enmeshed in another cycle of repression, with an elite that represents a definite minority involved in legal and extra–legal policies that
impoverish the majority of the people in the country. Unfortunately for all concerned, while the foreign aid is essential for the evolution of Rwanda
and to raise it out of poverty, this same foreign aid is continuing the crisis and the government laws by and for the elite Tutsis who came out of
Uganda in 1994 and their little group of allies. Despite, aid that flows to that government have the perverse effect of enabling this group to keep
control even when that power begins from purposefully restricting the growth of the huge majority of people in the country. The civil war took place
in Rwanda in the 1990 and 1994 and subsequently spread to the DRC and caused an enormous loss of human capital through countless victims. The
war also destroyed the infrastructure and equipment, public and private buildings. Additionally, rich sources were diverted toward war activities.
Additionally, productive resources were diverted toward war activities. Hakizimana, E., Endless, B. (2009, April 15). Rwanda Today: when foreign aid
harms more than
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18. Rwanda Chapter Summary
1.The Rwandan 1994 genocide was an absolute tragedy in African history. Before reading this book, I didn't know much about it. I knew that there
was a war in a small African country where a whole ethnic group was almost wiped out. I knew that there was a woman who had to stay hiding in a
tiny bathroom for three months along with several other women. I had this information because in my fifth grade English class we were reading The
Diary of Anne Frank and her story about the Jewish Holocaust. Immaculee Ilibagiza, the author and narrator of the book, was just made an American
citizen, so we spent the whole class reading about her life and her journey throughout the Rwandan Holocaust. Before reading this book, I had no
knowledge of the country,...show more content...
It was between the Hutu and the Tutsi tribes. There was always tension between the two groups, but when the president's plane was shot out of the
sky, the Hutus decided that they wanted to eliminate the Tutsis for good. The Tutsis were being viciously killed for no good reason, but finally after
100 days, the RPF took over and was able to save the remaining Tutsis. This all occurred in the African country,Rwanda, which is one of the smallest
countries on the continent and one of the poorest in the world. The Hutus were an ethnic group in the country of Rwanda. They had control over the
government at the time. Hutus made up about 85% of the country. Tutsis were another ethnic group. They made up about 14% of the country. There
really was no segregation between the two parties. They lived in the same neighborhoods, spoke the same language, shared the same history, had the
same culture, attended the same schools and churches, and worshiped the same God. Their lives were lived the same way; however their physical
appearance differed. As Immaculee put it in chapter 2 on page 17, "the differences between Tutsis and Hutus were more difficult to spot: Tutsis were
supposed to be taller, lighter–skinned, and have narrower noses; while Hutus were shorter, darker, and broad– nosed." Left to Tell has informed me on
many things about the Rwandan country and its
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19. I decided to surf the internet in search of inspiration, and I found it on the mediate.com website. Robert Benjamin's article "Hotel Rwanda and the
Guerrilla Negotiator" definitely caught my eye...particularly since I had checked the DVD out from the library last Friday but hadn't yet watched it.
Benjamin's article piqued my interest enough to do some additional research on Rwanda, and passion was born.
While a colony of Belgium, Rwanda was separated into two tribal groups which many say was based on physical characteristics such as the wideness of
the nose: the common Tutsi (majority), and the upper–class Hutu (minority). For many years, the Tutsis were powerful and mistreated the Hutus. In
1962, Rwanda gained its independence from...show more content...
As the UN refugee camp reached overload, Rusesabagina is continually asked to provide sanctuary for more Tutsi refugees. Through continued
wheeling, dealing, and manipulation, Rusesabagina is directly responsible for saving the 1,268 lives. He and his wife adopted two surviving nieces
and now reside with them and their own three children in Belgium.
Benjamin points out that almost every scene in the film showcases the power of negotiation "as a means of survival even in the face of vile and
irrational human behavior", adding "there is much to be gleaned from the gritty style of negotiation that is compelled in those circumstances."
Benjamin calls this "guerrilla negotiation", adding "borne out of necessity, not ideology, he or she operates solely by their own wits, earning credibility
and trading on their ability to convey a personal sense of authenticity."
Armed with Benjamin's perspective in my mind, I found it easy to spot the ongoing negotiation he noted...and just as easily realized I probably
wouldn't have categorized it as such if I hadn't read the article first.
Clearly, Rusesabagina reads people exceedingly well, recognizes what it will take to get what he wants/needs from them, masterfully communicates
what they need to hear, and triumphs. Perhaps the most moving example in the movie is when Rusesabagina is ordered to execute his own family and
instead manages to buy their safety.
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