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Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington that operates over 20,000 stores worldwide. Starbucks serves hot and cold coffee drinks, teas, and snacks and has expanded rapidly since 1987 by opening an average of two new stores per day. In addition to its coffee business, Starbucks also markets music, books and films through its Starbucks Entertainment division and Hear Music brand.

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Starbucks Corporation Type Public Traded as NASDAQ: SBUX NASDAQ-100 Component S&P 500 Component Industry Restaurants Genre Coffee house Founded Pike Place Market in Seattle,Washington (March 30, 1971) Founder(s) Jerry Baldwin Gordon Bowker Zev Siegl Headquarters Seattle, Washington, U.S. Number of 20,891 in 62 countries (March 22, 2013)[1] locations Area served Worldwide Key people Howard Schultz
(Chairman, President and CEO) Products Coffee • Tea • Pastries •Frappuccino beverages •Smoothies Services Coffee Revenue US$ 13.29 billion (2012)[2] Operating US$ 1.50 billion (2012)[2] income Net income US$ 1.38 billion (2012)[2] Total assets US$ 8.21 billion (2012)[2] Total equity US$ 5.10 billion (2012)[2] Employees 149,000 (2011)[2] Subsidiaries Starbucks Coffee Company •Ethos water • Evolution Fresh • Hear Music • La Boulange Bakery • Seattle's Best Coffee • Tazo • Teavana •Torrefazione Italia Website starbucks.com Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 20,891 stores in 62 countries, including 13,279 in the United States, 1,324 in Canada, 989 in Japan, 851 in China, 806 in the United Kingdom, 556 in South Korea, 377 in Mexico, 291 in Taiwan, 206 in the Philippines, 179 in Turkey, 171 in Thailand, and 167 in Germany.[1] In addition, Starbucks is an active member of the World Cocoa Foundation.
Starbucks locations serve hot and cold beverages, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee, full-leaf teas, pastries, and snacks. Most stores also sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and items such as mugs and tumblers. Starbucks Evenings locations also offer a variety of beers, wines, and appetizers after 4pm.[3] Through the Starbucks Entertainment division and Hear Music brand, the company also markets books, music, and film. Many of the company's products are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store. Starbucks-brand ice cream and coffee are also offered at grocery stores. From Starbucks' founding in 1971 as a Seattle coffee bean roaster and retailer, the company has expanded rapidly. Since 1987, Starbucks has opened on average two new stores every day.[4] Starbucks had been profitable as a local company in Seattle in the early 1980s [5] but lost money on its late 1980s expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia. Its fortunes did not reverse until the fiscal year of 1989-1990,[6] when it registered a small profit of $812,000. By the time it expanded into California in 1991 it had become trendy.[7] The first store outside the United States or Canada opened in Tokyo in 1996, and overseas stores now constitute almost one third of Starbucks' stores.[8] The company planned to open a net of 900 new stores outside of the United States in 2009,[9] but has announced 300 store closures in the United States since 2008.[10] Founded The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971 by three partners who met while students at the University of San Francisco:[11] English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker. Expansion to new markets and products The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo, Japan, in 1996.[24] Starbucks entered the U.K. market in 1998 with the $83 million[25] USD acquisition of the then 65-outlet, UK-based Seattle Coffee Company, re-branding all the stores as Starbucks. In September 2002, Starbucks opened its first store in Latin America, at Mexico City. In 1999, Starbucks experimented with eateries in the San Francisco Bay area through a restaurant chain called Circadia. [26] These restaurants were soon "outed" as Starbucks establishments and converted to Starbucks cafes. In October 2002, Starbucks established a coffee trading company in Lausanne, Switzerland to handle purchases ofgreen coffee. All other coffee-related business continued to be managed from Seattle.[27] In April 2003, Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattle's Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia from AFC Enterprises for $72m. The deal only gained 150 stores for Starbucks, but according to the Seattle Post-Intelligencerthe wholesale business was more significant.[28] In September 2006, rival Diedrich Coffee announced that it would sell most of its company-owned retail stores to Starbucks. This sale includes the company-owned locations of the Oregon-based Coffee People chain. Starbucks converted the Diedrich Coffee and Coffee People locations to Starbucks, although the Portland airport Coffee People locations were excluded from the sale.[29] In August 2003, Starbucks opened its first store in South America in Lima, Peru.[30] In 2007, the company opened its first store in Russia, ten years after first registering a trademark there.[31] In March 2008 they purchased the manufacturer of the Clover Brewing System. They began testing the "fresh-pressed" coffee system at several Starbucks locations in Seattle, California, New York and Boston.[32]
In early 2008, Starbucks started a community website, My Starbucks Idea, designed to collect suggestions and feedback from customers. Other users comment and vote on suggestions. Journalist Jack Schofield noted that "My Starbucks seems to be all sweetness and light at the moment, which I don't think is possible without quite a lot of censorship". The website is powered by the Salesforce software.[33] In May 2008, a loyalty program was introduced for registered users of the Starbucks Card (previously simply a gift card) offering perks such as free Wi-Fi Internet access, no charge for soy milk & flavored syrups, and free refills on brewed drip coffee or tea.[34] On November 14, 2012, Starbucks announced the purchase of Teavana for US$620 million in cash[35] and the deal was formally closed on December 31, 2012.[36] On February 1, 2013, Starbucks opened its first store in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,[37][38][39] and this was followed by an announcement in late August 2013 that the retailer will be opening its inaugural store in Colombia. The Colombian announcement was delivered at a press conference in Bogota, where the company's CEO explained, "Starbucks has always admired and respected Colombia's distinguished coffee Orin C. Smith was President and CEO of Starbucks from 2001 to 2005. Starbucks' chairman and founder, Howard Schultz, has talked about making sure growth does not dilute the company's culture[41] and the common goal of the company's leadership to act like a small company. In January 2008, Schultz resumed his roles as President and CEO after an eight-year hiatus, replacing Jim Donald, who took the posts in 2005 but was asked to step down after sales slowed in 2007. Schultz aims to restore what he calls the "distinctive Starbucks experience" in the face of rapid expansion. Analysts believe that Schultz must determine how to contend with higher materials prices and enhanced competition from lower-price fast food chains, includingMcDonald's and Dunkin' Donuts. Starbucks announced it would discontinue its warm breakfast sandwich products, originally intended to launch nationwide in 2008, in order to refocus the brand on coffee, but the sandwiches were reformulated to deal with complaints and the product line stayed.[42] Locations As of October 8, 2013, Starbucks is present in 62 countries and territories.[1] Transcontinental Africa South America Oceania Asia Europe North America Central America and the Caribbean (Europe and Asia)  Turkey  Egypt  Argentina  Australia  Bahrain  Austria  Canada  El Salvador  Russia  Morocco  Brazil  New Zealand  Brunei  Belgium  United States  Guatemala  Chile  China  Bulgaria  Mexico  Costa Rica  Colombia  Hong Kong [62]  Cyprus  Puerto Rico (2014)[61]  India  Czech Republic  The Bahamas  Peru
 Indonesia  Denmark  Aruba  Japan  Finland  Curaçao  Jordan  France  Kuwait  Germany  Lebanon  Greece  Macau  Hungary  Malaysia  Ireland  Oman  Netherlands  Pakistan  Norway  Philippines  Poland  Qatar  Portugal  Saudi Arabia  Romania  Singapore  Spain  South Korea  Sweden  Taiwan  Switzerland  Thailand[63]  United Kingdom  Vietnam  United Arab Emirates Partnerships Starbucks has agreed to a partnership with Apple to collaborate on selling music as part of the "coffeehouse experience". In October 2006, Apple added a Starbucks Entertainment area to the iTunes Store, selling music similar to that played in Starbucks stores. In September 2007 Apple announced that customers would be able to browse the iTunes Store at Starbucks via Wi-Fi in the US—with no requirement to login to the Wi-Fi network)—targeted atiPhone, iPod touch, iPad, and MacBook users. A Starbucks app is available in the iPhone App Store. Starting on June 1, 2009, the MSNBC morning news program Morning Joe has been presented as "brewed by Starbucks" and the show's logo changed to include the company logo. Although the hosts have previously consumed Starbucks coffee on air "for free" in the words of MSNBC president Phil Griffin, it was not paid placement at that time. The move was met with mixed reactions from rival news organizations, viewed as both a clever partnership in an economic downturn and a compromise of journalistic standards. Starbucks and Kraft Foods entered into a partnership in 1998 to sell Starbucks products in the Mondelez grocery stores owned by the latter. Starbucks claimed that Kraft did not sufficiently promote its products and offered Kraft US$750 million to terminate the agreement; however, Kraft declined the offer, but Starbucks proceeded with the termination anyway. In mid-November 2013, an arbitrator awarded ordered Starbucks to pay a fine of US$2.8 billion to Kraft spin-off Mondelez International for its premature unilateral termination of the agreement.
Carrefour Carrefour Type Société Anonyme Traded as Euronext: CA Industry Retailing Founded 1 January 1958; 56 years ago Headquarters Boulogne Billancourt, France Area served Worldwide
Key people Georges Plassat (Chairman and CEO) Products Cash & Carry/warehouse club, convenience/forecourt store,discount store,hypermarket/supercenter/superstore, supermarket Revenue €76.127 billion (2012)[1] Operating €1.434 billion (2012)[1] income Profit €1.233 billion (2012)[1] Total assets €45.844 billion (2012)[1] Total equity €8.361 billion (2012)[1] Employees 364,969 (2012)[1] Website www.carrefour.com Carrefour S.A. (French pronunciation: [kaʁfuʁ]) is a French multinational retailer headquartered in Boulogne Billancourt, France, in Greater Paris. [2] It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world (with 1,452 hypermarkets at the end of 2011[1]), the second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue (after Wal-Mart), and the third in profit (after Wal-Mart and Tesco[3][4]). Carrefour operates mainly in Europe, Argentina, Brazil, China, Dominican Republic, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, but also has shops in North Africa and other parts of Asia, with most stores being of smaller size than hypermarket or even supermarket. Carrefour means "crossroads" and "public square" in French. Previously the company head office was in Levallois-Perret, also in Greater Paris.[5] History The first Carrefour store opened on 1 January 1958 in suburban Annecy near a crossroads (carrefour in French). The group was created by Marcel Fournier, Denis Defforey and Jacques Defforey and grew into a chain from this first sales outlet. In 1999 it merged with Promodès, known as Continent, one of its major competitors in the French market. Marcel Fournier, Denis Defforey and Jacques Defforey had attended several seminars in the United States led by "the Pope of retail" Bernardo Trujillo, who influenced them to move forward with Carrefour idea.
The Carrefour group was the first in Europe to open a hypermarket, a large supermarket and a department store under the same roof. They opened their first hypermarket on 15 June 1963 inSainte- Geneviève-des-Bois, near Paris in France.[6] In April 1976, Carrefour launched a private label Produits libres (free products – libre meaning free in the sense of liberty as opposed to gratis) line of fifty foodstuffs, including oil, biscuits (crackers and cookies), milk, and pasta, sold in unbranded white packages at substantially lower prices. Asia Country First store Hypermarkets Supermarkets Hard Discounters Cash & Carry 1 India 2010 – 5 – 2 China 1995 231 – – – Indonesia 1998 70 15 – – Bahrain 2008 1 – – – Japan 2000 7 – – – Jordan 2006 1 3 – – Kuwait 2007 2 – – – Lebanon 2013 1 – – – Malaysia 1994 26 5 – – Oman 2000 4 – – – Pakistan 2009 2 – – – Iran 2009 2 – – – Iraq 2012 1 – – – Qatar 2000 3 1 – – Saudi Arabia 2004 11 1 – – Syria 2009 1 – – – Taiwan 1989 70 – – – Thailand 1996-2011 0 0 0 0 1995 11 2 – – Hypermarkets Supermarkets Hard Discounters United Arab Emirates[30] [edit] Africa Country First store Cash & Carry Egypt 2002 5 5 – – Morocco 2000 10 30 – – Tunisia 2001 1 2 – - Carrefour has left Algeria in 2009, and opened in Morocco. Store brands[edit]
8 à Huit store in Étretat Hypermarkets Carrefour, Atacadão, Hyperstar. Supermarkets Carrefour Bairro, Carrefour Express, Carrefour Market (Formerly Champion as of 2008), Champion Mapinomovaoe, Globi, Carrefour GB, GS, Carrefour Mini,Gima. Hard discount stores Dia, Ed, Minipreço. Convenience stores Carrefour City, Carrefour Contact, Carrefour Montagne, 5 minutes, 8 à Huit, Marche Plus, Proxi (supermarket), Sherpa, Dìperdì, Smile Market, Ok!,Express, Shopi (supermarket). Cash & Carry PromocashDocks Market Gross IPer
Target Corporation . Target Corporation Type Public Traded as NYSE: TGT (S&P 500 Component) Industry Retail Founded Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.(1902, as Dayton Dry Goods)[1] Founder(s) George Dayton Headquarters Target Plaza North & Target Plaza South, Minneapolis,Minnesota, U.S. Number of 1,921 (November 2013)[2] locations 1,797 (U.S.) 124 (Canada)[3] Area served United States, Canada Key people Gregg Steinhafel
(Chairman, President and CEO) Products Discount department store,hypermarket, supercenter,superstore Revenue US$ 73.301 billion (FY2013)[4] Operating US$ 5.371 billion (FY2013)[4] income Net income US$ 2.999 billion (FY2013)[4] Total assets US$ 48.163 billion (FY2013)[4] Total equity US$ 16.558 billion (FY2013)[4] Employees 361,000 (2013) The Target Corporation is an American retailing company, founded in 1902 and headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is the second-largestdiscount retailer in the United States, Walmart being the largest.[5][6] The company is ranked 36th on the Fortune 500 as of 2013 and is a component of the Standard & Poor's 500 index. Its bullseye trademark is licensed to Wesfarmers, owners of the separate Target Australia chain which is unrelated to Target Corporation. The first Target store was opened in 1962 in Roseville, Minnesota. Target grew and eventually became the largest division of Dayton Hudson Corporation, culminating in the company being renamed as Target Corporation in August 2000. In early 2013, Target expanded into Canada and now operates over 100 locations through its Canadian subsidiary. In December 2013, a data breach of Target's systems affected up to 110 million customers.[7][8][9] 1962–65: Founding of Target While working for the Dayton company, John F. Geisse developed the concept of upscale discount retailing. On May 1, 1962, the Dayton Company, using Geisse's concepts, opened its first Target discount store located at 1515 West County Road B in the Saint Paul suburb of Roseville, Minnesota. The name "Target" originated from Dayton's publicity director, Stewart K. Widdess, and was intended to prevent consumers from associating the new discount store chain with the department store. Douglas Dayton served as the first president of Target. The new subsidiary ended its first year with four units, all in Minnesota. Target Stores lost money in its initial years but reported its first gain in 1965, with sales reaching $39 million, allowing a fifth store to open in Minneapolis. In January 2000, Dayton-Hudson Corporation changed its name to Target Corporation and its ticker symbol to TGT; by then, between 75 percent and 80 percent of the corporation's total sales and earnings came from Target Stores, while the other four chains—Dayton's, Hudson's,Marshall Field's, and Mervyns—were used to fuel the growth of the discount chain, which expanded to 977 stores in 46 states and sales reached $29.7 billion by the end of the year.[18]It also separated its e-commerce operations from its retailing division, and combined it with its Rivertown Trading unit into a stand- alone subsidiary called target.direct.[37] It also started offering the Target Visa, as consumer trends were moving more towards third-party Visa andMasterCards and away from private-label cards such as the Target Guest Card.[10]
In 2001, it launched its online gift registry, and in preparation for this it wanted to operate its upscale Department Stores Division, consisting of 19 Dayton's, 21 Hudson's, and 24 Marshall Field's stores, under a unified department store name. It announced in January that it was renaming its Dayton's and Hudson's stores to Marshall Field's. The name was chosen for multiple reasons: out of the three, Marshall Field's was the most recognizable name in the Department Stores Division, its base in Chicago was bigger than Dayton's base in Minneapolis and Hudson's base in Detroit, Chicago was a major travel hub, and it was the largest chain of the three.[10] Target Stores expanded into Maine, reaching 1,053 units in 47 states and $33.0 billion in sales.[30][38] Around the same time, the chain made a successful expansion into the Pittsburgh market, where Target capitalized on the collapse of Ames Department Stores that coincidentally happened at the same time as Target's expansion into the area. In 2002, it expanded to 1,147 units, which included stores in San Leandro, Fremont, and Hayward, California, and sales reached $37.4 billion.[18] In 2003, Target reached 1,225 units and $42.0 billion in sales.[18] Despite the growth of the discount retailer, neither Marshall Field's nor Mervyn's were adding to its store count, and their earnings were consistently declining. Marshall Field's sold two of its stores in Columbus, Ohio, this year.[10] On June 9, 2004, Target Corporation announced its sale of the Marshall Field's chain to St. Louis-based May Department Stores, which would become effective July 31, 2004. As well, on July 21, 2004, Target Corporation announced the sale of Mervyn's to an investment consortium including Sun Capital Partners, Cerberus Capital Management, and Lubert-Adler/Klaff and Partners, L.P., which was finalized September 2. Target Stores expanded to 1,308 units and reached $46.8 billion USD in sales. In 2005, Target began operation in Bangalore, India.[39] It reached 1,397 units and $52.6 billion in sales.[18] In February 2005, Target Corporation took a $65 million charge to change the way it accounted for leases, which would reconcile the way Target depreciated its buildings and calculated rent expense. The adjustment included $10 million for 2004 and $55 million for prior years.[40] In 2006, Target completed construction of the Robert J. Ulrich Center in Embassy Golf Links in Bangalore, and Target planned to continue its expansion into India with the construction of additional office space at the Mysore Corporate Campus and successfully opened a branch at Mysore.[39] It expanded to 1,488 units, and sales reached $59.4 billion.[41] On January 9, 2008, Bob Ulrich announced his plans to retire as CEO, and named Gregg Steinhafel as his successor. Ulrich's retirement was due to Target Corporation policy which requires its high- ranking officers to retire at the age of 65. While his retirement as CEO was effective May 1, he remained the chairman of the board until the end of the 2008 fiscal year. On March 4, 2009, Target expanded outside of the continental United States for the first time. Two stores were opened simultaneously on the island of Oahu in Hawaii, along with two stores inAlaska. Despite the economic downturn, media reports indicated sizable crowds and brisk sales. The opening of the Hawaii stores leaves Vermont as the only state in which Target does not operate. In June 2010, Target announced its goal to give $1 billion to education causes and charities by 2015. Target School Library Makeovers is a featured program in this initiative. In August 2010, after a "lengthy wind-down", Target began a nationwide closing of its remaining 262 garden centers, reportedly due to "stronger competition from home-improvement stores, Walmart and independent garden centers". Also, in September 2010, numerous Target locations began adding a fresh produce department to their stores.[42] Target Corporation has its headquarters on Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis,[54] near the site of the original Goodfellows store.[citation needed] The complex includes Target Plaza North and Target Plaza South. Ryan Companies developed the complex, and Ellerbe Becket served as the architect. Target had the approximately $260-million complex developed to provide one location of office space for 6,000 employees. The 14-story Target Plaza North has 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) of office and retail space, while the 32-story Target Plaza South has 1,250,000 square feet (116,000 m2) of space.[55] Subsidiaries As well as the main retail subsidiary, Target Stores, the company owns several other subsidiaries, which include:  Financial and Retail Services (FRS) formerly Target Financial Services (TFS): issues Target's credit cards, known as the Target REDcard (formerly the Target Guest Card), issued through Target National Bank (formerly Retailers National Bank) for consumers and through Target Bank for businesses. Target Financial Services also oversees GiftCard balances. Target launched its PIN-based
debit card, the Target Check Card, which was later re-branded the Target Debit Card. The Target Debit Card withdraws funds from the customer's existing checking account, and allows for up to $40 "cash back." The debit card allows customers to save five percent of each purchase, as well as designate a school for Target's Take Charge of Education program, and accumulate pharmacy rewards.  Target Sourcing Services (TSS): This global sourcing organization locates merchandise from around the world for Target and helps import the merchandise to the United States. Such merchandise include garments, furniture, bedding, and towels. TSS has 27 full-service offices, 48 quality-control offices, and seven concessionaires located throughout the world. TSS employs 1,200 people. Its engineers are responsible for evaluating the factories that do business with Target Corporation for quality, as well as labor rights and transshipment issues.[56] TSS was acquired by Target Corporation in 1998, was founded in 1916 as the Associated Merchandising Corporation, and was previously owned by the clients it served.[citation needed] Target Sourcing Services ceased operations in its department store group, the division of the former Associated Merchandising Corporation that acted as a buying office for Saks, Inc., Bloomingdale's, Stage Stores Inc., T.J. Maxx, and Marshalls.[34] Today's Target Sourcing Services locates merchandise exclusively for Target Stores and Target.com.  Target Commercial Interiors: provides design services and furniture for office space and originated in the home furniture department at Dayton’s.[57] Currently, Target Commercial Interiors has an unusually high market share of Fortune 500/1000 business customers, and are expanding to attract small to medium sized businesses, as well as home offices. This subsidiary has six showrooms in Illinois, Minnesota, andWisconsin, including a first-of-its-kind retail concept store and showroom in Bloomington, Minnesota, that opened on June 23, 2005.  Target Brands: owns and oversees the company's private label products, including the grocery brands Archer Farms and Market Pantry, Sutton & Dodge, their premium meat line, Threshold, their premium furniture line, and the electronics brand Trutech. Target issued a re-launch of the Target brand as "up & up" to include an expanded product selection and a new design. The up & up brand offers essential commodities including household, health care, beauty, baby, and personal care products. The brand claims to offer products of equal quality to national brands at a fraction of the cost, averaging a savings of 30 percent.[58] As of September 2009, up & up carries over 800 product offerings across 40 categories.[59] In addition, Bullseye Dog is a mascot, and the Bullseye Design and 'Target' are registered trademarks of Target Brands.  Target.com: owns and oversees the company's e-commerce initiatives, such as the Target.com domain. Founded in early 2000 as target.direct, it was formed by separating the company's existing e- commerce operations from its retailing division, and combining it with its Rivertown Trading direct marketing unit into a stand-alone subsidiary.[37] In 2002, target.direct and Amazon.com's subsidiary Amazon Enterprise Solutions created a partnership in which Amazon.com would provide order fulfillment and guest services for Target.com in exchange for fixed and variable fees. After the company sold Marshall Field's and Mervyn's in 2004, target.direct became Target.com. The domain target.com attracted at least 288 million visitors annually by 2008, according to aCompete.com survey.[60] In August 2009, Target announced that they would build and manage a new Target.com platform, independent of Amazon.com. This new platform was to launch in 2011, in advance of the holiday season. Prior to the announcement, Target and Amazon had extended their partnership until 2011.[61] In January 2010, Target announced their vendor partners for the re-platforming project. These partners include Sapient, IBM, Oracle, Endeca, Autonomy, Sterling Commerce and Huge, among others.[62] The re-platformed Target.com officially launched on August 23, 2011, effectively ending the partnership with Amazon.com.[63] Stores Target is a chain of discount stores that are about 95,000 to 135,000 square feet (8,800 to 12,500 m2) and carry hardlines, softlines (clothing), and a limited amount of groceries, mostly non-perishable. Specifically, Target stores carry clothing, shoes, jewelry, health and beauty products, electronics, compact discs, DVDs, bedding, kitchen supplies, sporting goods, toys, pet supplies, automotive supplies, and hardware supplies. They also carry seasonal merchandise such as patio furniture during the summer and Christmas and Hanukkah decorations during November and December. Many stores, depending upon location, may also have Target Optical, Target Clinic, and a portrait studio. Most new locations built after 2004 include Target Photo, Target Pharmacy, Starbucks Coffee, Jamba Juice, and/or a Pizza Hut Express standard in addition to "Target Café". It has also been reported that Cold Stone Creamery and Target have signed a deal to test in-store ice cream shops in three stores.[64] In early 2010 Target updated all references from "Food Avenue" to "Target Café". While many Target stores share a fairly common big-box store layout, the company has been flexible with its designs. Target operates unique stores across the country in urban locations or within malls, in which a standard one-story building would not be feasible. These stores encompass multiple floors with both sales floor area and offstage areas such as offices or storage rooms spanning a number of these floors. Vertical transportation is provided in the store by escalator, elevator, or shopping cart conveyor, a specialized escalator for carts.
The first Target stores included leased supermarkets in addition to general merchandise, which during the time was a common practice by discount retailers as they attempted to offer a one-stop shopping experience to customers. Douglas Dayton stated in 1967 that "we believe that the discount-grocery store is a necessary ingredient in what we offer the customer. After all, food sales are about 40% of all department store-type merchandise sales, so the two kinds of stores go hand-in-hand and are what people think of when they think of a discount store." However, by the end of the decade, Target started moving away from this general merchandise and leased supermarket practice. In 1969, Target opened its first store consisting of only general merchandise.[21] As an effort to continue to compete and stand out in the competitive U.S. food market, meat and produce were placed with grocery in two general merchandise Target stores as a test project in early 2009, and many stores are now being expanded to new and re-modeled locations.[65] In the past, the one-hour photo processing labs were not owned by Target but by Qualex, a subsidiary of Eastman Kodak, and were staffed by employees of Qualex, not Target. However, in June 2005, Target announced that they would replace the Qualex photo labs with their own labs running Kodak equipment, and would staff them with Target employees. Unlike the previous Qualex labs, all photo processing is done "in house", including next-day, digital, and Kodak Perfect Touch processing, although a few labs have been replaced with "send-out" only service with a self-service Kodak Picture Kiosk. A select number of "test" stores are running with Fujifilm equipment instead of Kodak.[66] Target has also partnered with Yahoo! Photosfor online photo services, including ordering prints online for one-hour store pickup. This ended in September 2007. Target Photo now partners withKodak Gallery, Shutterfly, and Photobucket. By September 2010, Target Stores with garden centers had stopped stocking live plants and most garden supplies. In about 350 of its stores, Target used some of the space to stock an expanded selection of fresh food, meat and produce, with the remaining 700 stores gaining space for seasonal items.[42] PFresh During 2009, a new store prototype was developed for general merchandise stores. These stores, dubbed PFresh, include an array of perishable and frozen foods, meat, and dairy. Produce selections include select, barcoded fruits and vegetables, and pre-bagged items like bananas to eliminate the need for scales and weight-based pricing. They do not have an in-house bakery or deli, but carry a small number of baked goods and pre-packed deli items. Product includes a few national brands, but heavily focus on Target's owned-brand products such as Archer Farms and Market Pantry. The initial rollout of PFresh included about 100 stores. Most of these were existing stores that remodeled and expanded space to accommodate the new grocery layout, but some newly built stores that opened in 2009 incorporated the new format as well. The PFresh concept was to be rolled out across 350 stores, either by remodel or as new store openings, by 2010. On average, a PFresh store is about 1,500 square feet (140 m2) larger than a general merchandise Target store, but is not labeled a SuperTarget as these stores' grocery aisles are still markedly smaller than those of the hypermarket.[67] SuperTarget SuperTarget is a chain of hypermarkets that are about 174,000 sq ft (16,200 m2)[68] and feature double entrances on one-story stores. The first SuperTarget opened in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1995 and is the largest at 204,000 square feet (19,000 m2). The second SuperTarget opened in Lawrence, Kansas, the same year.[69] As of October 2008, Target operated 218 SuperTarget stores in 22 US states, the majority of which are in Texas and Florida, with sizable numbers in Minnesota and Colorado.[18][70] Until 2006, the store logo spelled "Super" in green script, while newer locations are signed in red block letters in theHelvetica typeface in favor of a streamlined brand look.[17] These stores offer everything found in a regular Target as well as a full grocery selection, fresh produce, bakery and deli, with most locations having a Target Optical. Many SuperTargets featureStarbucks Coffee, Pizza Hut Express, Taco Bell Express, Target Pharmacy, The Studio @ Target (a portrait studio), Target Photo, Target Mobile (a wireless kiosk), and a Wells Fargo bank or U.S. Bank. In the past, some SuperTargets featured an E-Trade trading station in place of a bank, though E-Trade removed all of their SuperTarget branches in June 2003[71] without any prior notice. Mitchell Caplan, E-Trade's CEO at that time, said, "We were not able to make it into a profitable distribution channel...[w]e're better off exiting." E-Trade also sent a letter of notification to their customers informing them about this change. Select stores in Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, North Carolina and Virginia have a new Target Clinic concept.[72] Unlike other hypermarkets, such as most Walmart supercenters, SuperTargets are not open 24 hours.
CityTarget On February 15, 2011, Target announced plans to open a new store concept, called CityTarget. The first stores were opened in July, 2012, in Chicago,Seattle, and Los Angeles.[73][74][75] The Chicago store allocates approximately 55,000 square feet (5,100 m2) to its sales floor. CityTarget stores carry groceries, prescriptions, cosmetics, clothing, electronics, toys, and apartment essentials such as furniture, linens, and kitchen utensils. Certain items too bulky for urban apartments or for customers to carry are not stocked in CityTarget stores, even if they are stocked in suburban Target stores. Urban stores Target has used its urban store concept to open multiple-story stores in city centers, such as in Annapolis, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle, San Diego, Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Miami, New Orleans, Minneapolis (within the corporation's headquarters complex), Glendale, California, Pasadena, California, Portland, Oregon, Stamford, Connecticut, and Homewood, Alabama.[76] In July 2010, a Target store opened in New York's East Harlem.[77] The company also opened an urban store in Pittsburgh's East Liberty neighborhood in July 2011.[78] In March 2012, as part of its Canadian expansion, an urban store opened in downtown Mississauga. It is the largest Target store in Canada, and one of the main anchors of the Square One Shopping Centre. Building stores in urban environments carries an elevated cost which is offset by the high potential for business that urban locations can bring in. The Target store located on Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis features a three-story glass entrance and a design that sets it apart from suburban Target stores. This urban store alone cost Target Corporation US$16.3 million.[79] The urban concept has also been used to convert SuperTarget stores from former Bullock's, Montgomery Ward, J. W. Robinson's, Robinsons-May and Younkers stores.

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Retail

  • 1.
    Starbucks Corporation Type Public Traded as NASDAQ:SBUX NASDAQ-100 Component S&P 500 Component Industry Restaurants Genre Coffee house Founded Pike Place Market in Seattle,Washington (March 30, 1971) Founder(s) Jerry Baldwin Gordon Bowker Zev Siegl Headquarters Seattle, Washington, U.S. Number of 20,891 in 62 countries (March 22, 2013)[1] locations Area served Worldwide Key people Howard Schultz
  • 2.
    (Chairman, President andCEO) Products Coffee • Tea • Pastries •Frappuccino beverages •Smoothies Services Coffee Revenue US$ 13.29 billion (2012)[2] Operating US$ 1.50 billion (2012)[2] income Net income US$ 1.38 billion (2012)[2] Total assets US$ 8.21 billion (2012)[2] Total equity US$ 5.10 billion (2012)[2] Employees 149,000 (2011)[2] Subsidiaries Starbucks Coffee Company •Ethos water • Evolution Fresh • Hear Music • La Boulange Bakery • Seattle's Best Coffee • Tazo • Teavana •Torrefazione Italia Website starbucks.com Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 20,891 stores in 62 countries, including 13,279 in the United States, 1,324 in Canada, 989 in Japan, 851 in China, 806 in the United Kingdom, 556 in South Korea, 377 in Mexico, 291 in Taiwan, 206 in the Philippines, 179 in Turkey, 171 in Thailand, and 167 in Germany.[1] In addition, Starbucks is an active member of the World Cocoa Foundation.
  • 3.
    Starbucks locations servehot and cold beverages, whole-bean coffee, microground instant coffee, full-leaf teas, pastries, and snacks. Most stores also sell pre-packaged food items, hot and cold sandwiches, and items such as mugs and tumblers. Starbucks Evenings locations also offer a variety of beers, wines, and appetizers after 4pm.[3] Through the Starbucks Entertainment division and Hear Music brand, the company also markets books, music, and film. Many of the company's products are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store. Starbucks-brand ice cream and coffee are also offered at grocery stores. From Starbucks' founding in 1971 as a Seattle coffee bean roaster and retailer, the company has expanded rapidly. Since 1987, Starbucks has opened on average two new stores every day.[4] Starbucks had been profitable as a local company in Seattle in the early 1980s [5] but lost money on its late 1980s expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia. Its fortunes did not reverse until the fiscal year of 1989-1990,[6] when it registered a small profit of $812,000. By the time it expanded into California in 1991 it had become trendy.[7] The first store outside the United States or Canada opened in Tokyo in 1996, and overseas stores now constitute almost one third of Starbucks' stores.[8] The company planned to open a net of 900 new stores outside of the United States in 2009,[9] but has announced 300 store closures in the United States since 2008.[10] Founded The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971 by three partners who met while students at the University of San Francisco:[11] English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker. Expansion to new markets and products The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo, Japan, in 1996.[24] Starbucks entered the U.K. market in 1998 with the $83 million[25] USD acquisition of the then 65-outlet, UK-based Seattle Coffee Company, re-branding all the stores as Starbucks. In September 2002, Starbucks opened its first store in Latin America, at Mexico City. In 1999, Starbucks experimented with eateries in the San Francisco Bay area through a restaurant chain called Circadia. [26] These restaurants were soon "outed" as Starbucks establishments and converted to Starbucks cafes. In October 2002, Starbucks established a coffee trading company in Lausanne, Switzerland to handle purchases ofgreen coffee. All other coffee-related business continued to be managed from Seattle.[27] In April 2003, Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattle's Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia from AFC Enterprises for $72m. The deal only gained 150 stores for Starbucks, but according to the Seattle Post-Intelligencerthe wholesale business was more significant.[28] In September 2006, rival Diedrich Coffee announced that it would sell most of its company-owned retail stores to Starbucks. This sale includes the company-owned locations of the Oregon-based Coffee People chain. Starbucks converted the Diedrich Coffee and Coffee People locations to Starbucks, although the Portland airport Coffee People locations were excluded from the sale.[29] In August 2003, Starbucks opened its first store in South America in Lima, Peru.[30] In 2007, the company opened its first store in Russia, ten years after first registering a trademark there.[31] In March 2008 they purchased the manufacturer of the Clover Brewing System. They began testing the "fresh-pressed" coffee system at several Starbucks locations in Seattle, California, New York and Boston.[32]
  • 4.
    In early 2008,Starbucks started a community website, My Starbucks Idea, designed to collect suggestions and feedback from customers. Other users comment and vote on suggestions. Journalist Jack Schofield noted that "My Starbucks seems to be all sweetness and light at the moment, which I don't think is possible without quite a lot of censorship". The website is powered by the Salesforce software.[33] In May 2008, a loyalty program was introduced for registered users of the Starbucks Card (previously simply a gift card) offering perks such as free Wi-Fi Internet access, no charge for soy milk & flavored syrups, and free refills on brewed drip coffee or tea.[34] On November 14, 2012, Starbucks announced the purchase of Teavana for US$620 million in cash[35] and the deal was formally closed on December 31, 2012.[36] On February 1, 2013, Starbucks opened its first store in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,[37][38][39] and this was followed by an announcement in late August 2013 that the retailer will be opening its inaugural store in Colombia. The Colombian announcement was delivered at a press conference in Bogota, where the company's CEO explained, "Starbucks has always admired and respected Colombia's distinguished coffee Orin C. Smith was President and CEO of Starbucks from 2001 to 2005. Starbucks' chairman and founder, Howard Schultz, has talked about making sure growth does not dilute the company's culture[41] and the common goal of the company's leadership to act like a small company. In January 2008, Schultz resumed his roles as President and CEO after an eight-year hiatus, replacing Jim Donald, who took the posts in 2005 but was asked to step down after sales slowed in 2007. Schultz aims to restore what he calls the "distinctive Starbucks experience" in the face of rapid expansion. Analysts believe that Schultz must determine how to contend with higher materials prices and enhanced competition from lower-price fast food chains, includingMcDonald's and Dunkin' Donuts. Starbucks announced it would discontinue its warm breakfast sandwich products, originally intended to launch nationwide in 2008, in order to refocus the brand on coffee, but the sandwiches were reformulated to deal with complaints and the product line stayed.[42] Locations As of October 8, 2013, Starbucks is present in 62 countries and territories.[1] Transcontinental Africa South America Oceania Asia Europe North America Central America and the Caribbean (Europe and Asia)  Turkey  Egypt  Argentina  Australia  Bahrain  Austria  Canada  El Salvador  Russia  Morocco  Brazil  New Zealand  Brunei  Belgium  United States  Guatemala  Chile  China  Bulgaria  Mexico  Costa Rica  Colombia  Hong Kong [62]  Cyprus  Puerto Rico (2014)[61]  India  Czech Republic  The Bahamas  Peru
  • 5.
     Indonesia  Denmark  Aruba  Japan  Finland  Curaçao  Jordan  France  Kuwait  Germany  Lebanon  Greece  Macau  Hungary  Malaysia  Ireland  Oman  Netherlands  Pakistan  Norway  Philippines  Poland  Qatar  Portugal  Saudi Arabia  Romania  Singapore  Spain  South Korea  Sweden  Taiwan  Switzerland  Thailand[63]  UnitedKingdom  Vietnam  United Arab Emirates Partnerships Starbucks has agreed to a partnership with Apple to collaborate on selling music as part of the "coffeehouse experience". In October 2006, Apple added a Starbucks Entertainment area to the iTunes Store, selling music similar to that played in Starbucks stores. In September 2007 Apple announced that customers would be able to browse the iTunes Store at Starbucks via Wi-Fi in the US—with no requirement to login to the Wi-Fi network)—targeted atiPhone, iPod touch, iPad, and MacBook users. A Starbucks app is available in the iPhone App Store. Starting on June 1, 2009, the MSNBC morning news program Morning Joe has been presented as "brewed by Starbucks" and the show's logo changed to include the company logo. Although the hosts have previously consumed Starbucks coffee on air "for free" in the words of MSNBC president Phil Griffin, it was not paid placement at that time. The move was met with mixed reactions from rival news organizations, viewed as both a clever partnership in an economic downturn and a compromise of journalistic standards. Starbucks and Kraft Foods entered into a partnership in 1998 to sell Starbucks products in the Mondelez grocery stores owned by the latter. Starbucks claimed that Kraft did not sufficiently promote its products and offered Kraft US$750 million to terminate the agreement; however, Kraft declined the offer, but Starbucks proceeded with the termination anyway. In mid-November 2013, an arbitrator awarded ordered Starbucks to pay a fine of US$2.8 billion to Kraft spin-off Mondelez International for its premature unilateral termination of the agreement.
  • 6.
    Carrefour Carrefour Type Société Anonyme Traded as Euronext:CA Industry Retailing Founded 1 January 1958; 56 years ago Headquarters Boulogne Billancourt, France Area served Worldwide
  • 7.
    Key people Georges Plassat (Chairmanand CEO) Products Cash & Carry/warehouse club, convenience/forecourt store,discount store,hypermarket/supercenter/superstore, supermarket Revenue €76.127 billion (2012)[1] Operating €1.434 billion (2012)[1] income Profit €1.233 billion (2012)[1] Total assets €45.844 billion (2012)[1] Total equity €8.361 billion (2012)[1] Employees 364,969 (2012)[1] Website www.carrefour.com Carrefour S.A. (French pronunciation: [kaʁfuʁ]) is a French multinational retailer headquartered in Boulogne Billancourt, France, in Greater Paris. [2] It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world (with 1,452 hypermarkets at the end of 2011[1]), the second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue (after Wal-Mart), and the third in profit (after Wal-Mart and Tesco[3][4]). Carrefour operates mainly in Europe, Argentina, Brazil, China, Dominican Republic, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, but also has shops in North Africa and other parts of Asia, with most stores being of smaller size than hypermarket or even supermarket. Carrefour means "crossroads" and "public square" in French. Previously the company head office was in Levallois-Perret, also in Greater Paris.[5] History The first Carrefour store opened on 1 January 1958 in suburban Annecy near a crossroads (carrefour in French). The group was created by Marcel Fournier, Denis Defforey and Jacques Defforey and grew into a chain from this first sales outlet. In 1999 it merged with Promodès, known as Continent, one of its major competitors in the French market. Marcel Fournier, Denis Defforey and Jacques Defforey had attended several seminars in the United States led by "the Pope of retail" Bernardo Trujillo, who influenced them to move forward with Carrefour idea.
  • 8.
    The Carrefour groupwas the first in Europe to open a hypermarket, a large supermarket and a department store under the same roof. They opened their first hypermarket on 15 June 1963 inSainte- Geneviève-des-Bois, near Paris in France.[6] In April 1976, Carrefour launched a private label Produits libres (free products – libre meaning free in the sense of liberty as opposed to gratis) line of fifty foodstuffs, including oil, biscuits (crackers and cookies), milk, and pasta, sold in unbranded white packages at substantially lower prices. Asia Country First store Hypermarkets Supermarkets Hard Discounters Cash & Carry 1 India 2010 – 5 – 2 China 1995 231 – – – Indonesia 1998 70 15 – – Bahrain 2008 1 – – – Japan 2000 7 – – – Jordan 2006 1 3 – – Kuwait 2007 2 – – – Lebanon 2013 1 – – – Malaysia 1994 26 5 – – Oman 2000 4 – – – Pakistan 2009 2 – – – Iran 2009 2 – – – Iraq 2012 1 – – – Qatar 2000 3 1 – – Saudi Arabia 2004 11 1 – – Syria 2009 1 – – – Taiwan 1989 70 – – – Thailand 1996-2011 0 0 0 0 1995 11 2 – – Hypermarkets Supermarkets Hard Discounters United Arab Emirates[30] [edit] Africa Country First store Cash & Carry Egypt 2002 5 5 – – Morocco 2000 10 30 – – Tunisia 2001 1 2 – - Carrefour has left Algeria in 2009, and opened in Morocco. Store brands[edit]
  • 9.
    8 à Huitstore in Étretat Hypermarkets Carrefour, Atacadão, Hyperstar. Supermarkets Carrefour Bairro, Carrefour Express, Carrefour Market (Formerly Champion as of 2008), Champion Mapinomovaoe, Globi, Carrefour GB, GS, Carrefour Mini,Gima. Hard discount stores Dia, Ed, Minipreço. Convenience stores Carrefour City, Carrefour Contact, Carrefour Montagne, 5 minutes, 8 à Huit, Marche Plus, Proxi (supermarket), Sherpa, Dìperdì, Smile Market, Ok!,Express, Shopi (supermarket). Cash & Carry PromocashDocks Market Gross IPer
  • 10.
    Target Corporation . Target Corporation Type Public Tradedas NYSE: TGT (S&P 500 Component) Industry Retail Founded Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.(1902, as Dayton Dry Goods)[1] Founder(s) George Dayton Headquarters Target Plaza North & Target Plaza South, Minneapolis,Minnesota, U.S. Number of 1,921 (November 2013)[2] locations 1,797 (U.S.) 124 (Canada)[3] Area served United States, Canada Key people Gregg Steinhafel
  • 11.
    (Chairman, President andCEO) Products Discount department store,hypermarket, supercenter,superstore Revenue US$ 73.301 billion (FY2013)[4] Operating US$ 5.371 billion (FY2013)[4] income Net income US$ 2.999 billion (FY2013)[4] Total assets US$ 48.163 billion (FY2013)[4] Total equity US$ 16.558 billion (FY2013)[4] Employees 361,000 (2013) The Target Corporation is an American retailing company, founded in 1902 and headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is the second-largestdiscount retailer in the United States, Walmart being the largest.[5][6] The company is ranked 36th on the Fortune 500 as of 2013 and is a component of the Standard & Poor's 500 index. Its bullseye trademark is licensed to Wesfarmers, owners of the separate Target Australia chain which is unrelated to Target Corporation. The first Target store was opened in 1962 in Roseville, Minnesota. Target grew and eventually became the largest division of Dayton Hudson Corporation, culminating in the company being renamed as Target Corporation in August 2000. In early 2013, Target expanded into Canada and now operates over 100 locations through its Canadian subsidiary. In December 2013, a data breach of Target's systems affected up to 110 million customers.[7][8][9] 1962–65: Founding of Target While working for the Dayton company, John F. Geisse developed the concept of upscale discount retailing. On May 1, 1962, the Dayton Company, using Geisse's concepts, opened its first Target discount store located at 1515 West County Road B in the Saint Paul suburb of Roseville, Minnesota. The name "Target" originated from Dayton's publicity director, Stewart K. Widdess, and was intended to prevent consumers from associating the new discount store chain with the department store. Douglas Dayton served as the first president of Target. The new subsidiary ended its first year with four units, all in Minnesota. Target Stores lost money in its initial years but reported its first gain in 1965, with sales reaching $39 million, allowing a fifth store to open in Minneapolis. In January 2000, Dayton-Hudson Corporation changed its name to Target Corporation and its ticker symbol to TGT; by then, between 75 percent and 80 percent of the corporation's total sales and earnings came from Target Stores, while the other four chains—Dayton's, Hudson's,Marshall Field's, and Mervyns—were used to fuel the growth of the discount chain, which expanded to 977 stores in 46 states and sales reached $29.7 billion by the end of the year.[18]It also separated its e-commerce operations from its retailing division, and combined it with its Rivertown Trading unit into a stand- alone subsidiary called target.direct.[37] It also started offering the Target Visa, as consumer trends were moving more towards third-party Visa andMasterCards and away from private-label cards such as the Target Guest Card.[10]
  • 12.
    In 2001, itlaunched its online gift registry, and in preparation for this it wanted to operate its upscale Department Stores Division, consisting of 19 Dayton's, 21 Hudson's, and 24 Marshall Field's stores, under a unified department store name. It announced in January that it was renaming its Dayton's and Hudson's stores to Marshall Field's. The name was chosen for multiple reasons: out of the three, Marshall Field's was the most recognizable name in the Department Stores Division, its base in Chicago was bigger than Dayton's base in Minneapolis and Hudson's base in Detroit, Chicago was a major travel hub, and it was the largest chain of the three.[10] Target Stores expanded into Maine, reaching 1,053 units in 47 states and $33.0 billion in sales.[30][38] Around the same time, the chain made a successful expansion into the Pittsburgh market, where Target capitalized on the collapse of Ames Department Stores that coincidentally happened at the same time as Target's expansion into the area. In 2002, it expanded to 1,147 units, which included stores in San Leandro, Fremont, and Hayward, California, and sales reached $37.4 billion.[18] In 2003, Target reached 1,225 units and $42.0 billion in sales.[18] Despite the growth of the discount retailer, neither Marshall Field's nor Mervyn's were adding to its store count, and their earnings were consistently declining. Marshall Field's sold two of its stores in Columbus, Ohio, this year.[10] On June 9, 2004, Target Corporation announced its sale of the Marshall Field's chain to St. Louis-based May Department Stores, which would become effective July 31, 2004. As well, on July 21, 2004, Target Corporation announced the sale of Mervyn's to an investment consortium including Sun Capital Partners, Cerberus Capital Management, and Lubert-Adler/Klaff and Partners, L.P., which was finalized September 2. Target Stores expanded to 1,308 units and reached $46.8 billion USD in sales. In 2005, Target began operation in Bangalore, India.[39] It reached 1,397 units and $52.6 billion in sales.[18] In February 2005, Target Corporation took a $65 million charge to change the way it accounted for leases, which would reconcile the way Target depreciated its buildings and calculated rent expense. The adjustment included $10 million for 2004 and $55 million for prior years.[40] In 2006, Target completed construction of the Robert J. Ulrich Center in Embassy Golf Links in Bangalore, and Target planned to continue its expansion into India with the construction of additional office space at the Mysore Corporate Campus and successfully opened a branch at Mysore.[39] It expanded to 1,488 units, and sales reached $59.4 billion.[41] On January 9, 2008, Bob Ulrich announced his plans to retire as CEO, and named Gregg Steinhafel as his successor. Ulrich's retirement was due to Target Corporation policy which requires its high- ranking officers to retire at the age of 65. While his retirement as CEO was effective May 1, he remained the chairman of the board until the end of the 2008 fiscal year. On March 4, 2009, Target expanded outside of the continental United States for the first time. Two stores were opened simultaneously on the island of Oahu in Hawaii, along with two stores inAlaska. Despite the economic downturn, media reports indicated sizable crowds and brisk sales. The opening of the Hawaii stores leaves Vermont as the only state in which Target does not operate. In June 2010, Target announced its goal to give $1 billion to education causes and charities by 2015. Target School Library Makeovers is a featured program in this initiative. In August 2010, after a "lengthy wind-down", Target began a nationwide closing of its remaining 262 garden centers, reportedly due to "stronger competition from home-improvement stores, Walmart and independent garden centers". Also, in September 2010, numerous Target locations began adding a fresh produce department to their stores.[42] Target Corporation has its headquarters on Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis,[54] near the site of the original Goodfellows store.[citation needed] The complex includes Target Plaza North and Target Plaza South. Ryan Companies developed the complex, and Ellerbe Becket served as the architect. Target had the approximately $260-million complex developed to provide one location of office space for 6,000 employees. The 14-story Target Plaza North has 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) of office and retail space, while the 32-story Target Plaza South has 1,250,000 square feet (116,000 m2) of space.[55] Subsidiaries As well as the main retail subsidiary, Target Stores, the company owns several other subsidiaries, which include:  Financial and Retail Services (FRS) formerly Target Financial Services (TFS): issues Target's credit cards, known as the Target REDcard (formerly the Target Guest Card), issued through Target National Bank (formerly Retailers National Bank) for consumers and through Target Bank for businesses. Target Financial Services also oversees GiftCard balances. Target launched its PIN-based
  • 13.
    debit card, theTarget Check Card, which was later re-branded the Target Debit Card. The Target Debit Card withdraws funds from the customer's existing checking account, and allows for up to $40 "cash back." The debit card allows customers to save five percent of each purchase, as well as designate a school for Target's Take Charge of Education program, and accumulate pharmacy rewards.  Target Sourcing Services (TSS): This global sourcing organization locates merchandise from around the world for Target and helps import the merchandise to the United States. Such merchandise include garments, furniture, bedding, and towels. TSS has 27 full-service offices, 48 quality-control offices, and seven concessionaires located throughout the world. TSS employs 1,200 people. Its engineers are responsible for evaluating the factories that do business with Target Corporation for quality, as well as labor rights and transshipment issues.[56] TSS was acquired by Target Corporation in 1998, was founded in 1916 as the Associated Merchandising Corporation, and was previously owned by the clients it served.[citation needed] Target Sourcing Services ceased operations in its department store group, the division of the former Associated Merchandising Corporation that acted as a buying office for Saks, Inc., Bloomingdale's, Stage Stores Inc., T.J. Maxx, and Marshalls.[34] Today's Target Sourcing Services locates merchandise exclusively for Target Stores and Target.com.  Target Commercial Interiors: provides design services and furniture for office space and originated in the home furniture department at Dayton’s.[57] Currently, Target Commercial Interiors has an unusually high market share of Fortune 500/1000 business customers, and are expanding to attract small to medium sized businesses, as well as home offices. This subsidiary has six showrooms in Illinois, Minnesota, andWisconsin, including a first-of-its-kind retail concept store and showroom in Bloomington, Minnesota, that opened on June 23, 2005.  Target Brands: owns and oversees the company's private label products, including the grocery brands Archer Farms and Market Pantry, Sutton & Dodge, their premium meat line, Threshold, their premium furniture line, and the electronics brand Trutech. Target issued a re-launch of the Target brand as "up & up" to include an expanded product selection and a new design. The up & up brand offers essential commodities including household, health care, beauty, baby, and personal care products. The brand claims to offer products of equal quality to national brands at a fraction of the cost, averaging a savings of 30 percent.[58] As of September 2009, up & up carries over 800 product offerings across 40 categories.[59] In addition, Bullseye Dog is a mascot, and the Bullseye Design and 'Target' are registered trademarks of Target Brands.  Target.com: owns and oversees the company's e-commerce initiatives, such as the Target.com domain. Founded in early 2000 as target.direct, it was formed by separating the company's existing e- commerce operations from its retailing division, and combining it with its Rivertown Trading direct marketing unit into a stand-alone subsidiary.[37] In 2002, target.direct and Amazon.com's subsidiary Amazon Enterprise Solutions created a partnership in which Amazon.com would provide order fulfillment and guest services for Target.com in exchange for fixed and variable fees. After the company sold Marshall Field's and Mervyn's in 2004, target.direct became Target.com. The domain target.com attracted at least 288 million visitors annually by 2008, according to aCompete.com survey.[60] In August 2009, Target announced that they would build and manage a new Target.com platform, independent of Amazon.com. This new platform was to launch in 2011, in advance of the holiday season. Prior to the announcement, Target and Amazon had extended their partnership until 2011.[61] In January 2010, Target announced their vendor partners for the re-platforming project. These partners include Sapient, IBM, Oracle, Endeca, Autonomy, Sterling Commerce and Huge, among others.[62] The re-platformed Target.com officially launched on August 23, 2011, effectively ending the partnership with Amazon.com.[63] Stores Target is a chain of discount stores that are about 95,000 to 135,000 square feet (8,800 to 12,500 m2) and carry hardlines, softlines (clothing), and a limited amount of groceries, mostly non-perishable. Specifically, Target stores carry clothing, shoes, jewelry, health and beauty products, electronics, compact discs, DVDs, bedding, kitchen supplies, sporting goods, toys, pet supplies, automotive supplies, and hardware supplies. They also carry seasonal merchandise such as patio furniture during the summer and Christmas and Hanukkah decorations during November and December. Many stores, depending upon location, may also have Target Optical, Target Clinic, and a portrait studio. Most new locations built after 2004 include Target Photo, Target Pharmacy, Starbucks Coffee, Jamba Juice, and/or a Pizza Hut Express standard in addition to "Target Café". It has also been reported that Cold Stone Creamery and Target have signed a deal to test in-store ice cream shops in three stores.[64] In early 2010 Target updated all references from "Food Avenue" to "Target Café". While many Target stores share a fairly common big-box store layout, the company has been flexible with its designs. Target operates unique stores across the country in urban locations or within malls, in which a standard one-story building would not be feasible. These stores encompass multiple floors with both sales floor area and offstage areas such as offices or storage rooms spanning a number of these floors. Vertical transportation is provided in the store by escalator, elevator, or shopping cart conveyor, a specialized escalator for carts.
  • 14.
    The first Targetstores included leased supermarkets in addition to general merchandise, which during the time was a common practice by discount retailers as they attempted to offer a one-stop shopping experience to customers. Douglas Dayton stated in 1967 that "we believe that the discount-grocery store is a necessary ingredient in what we offer the customer. After all, food sales are about 40% of all department store-type merchandise sales, so the two kinds of stores go hand-in-hand and are what people think of when they think of a discount store." However, by the end of the decade, Target started moving away from this general merchandise and leased supermarket practice. In 1969, Target opened its first store consisting of only general merchandise.[21] As an effort to continue to compete and stand out in the competitive U.S. food market, meat and produce were placed with grocery in two general merchandise Target stores as a test project in early 2009, and many stores are now being expanded to new and re-modeled locations.[65] In the past, the one-hour photo processing labs were not owned by Target but by Qualex, a subsidiary of Eastman Kodak, and were staffed by employees of Qualex, not Target. However, in June 2005, Target announced that they would replace the Qualex photo labs with their own labs running Kodak equipment, and would staff them with Target employees. Unlike the previous Qualex labs, all photo processing is done "in house", including next-day, digital, and Kodak Perfect Touch processing, although a few labs have been replaced with "send-out" only service with a self-service Kodak Picture Kiosk. A select number of "test" stores are running with Fujifilm equipment instead of Kodak.[66] Target has also partnered with Yahoo! Photosfor online photo services, including ordering prints online for one-hour store pickup. This ended in September 2007. Target Photo now partners withKodak Gallery, Shutterfly, and Photobucket. By September 2010, Target Stores with garden centers had stopped stocking live plants and most garden supplies. In about 350 of its stores, Target used some of the space to stock an expanded selection of fresh food, meat and produce, with the remaining 700 stores gaining space for seasonal items.[42] PFresh During 2009, a new store prototype was developed for general merchandise stores. These stores, dubbed PFresh, include an array of perishable and frozen foods, meat, and dairy. Produce selections include select, barcoded fruits and vegetables, and pre-bagged items like bananas to eliminate the need for scales and weight-based pricing. They do not have an in-house bakery or deli, but carry a small number of baked goods and pre-packed deli items. Product includes a few national brands, but heavily focus on Target's owned-brand products such as Archer Farms and Market Pantry. The initial rollout of PFresh included about 100 stores. Most of these were existing stores that remodeled and expanded space to accommodate the new grocery layout, but some newly built stores that opened in 2009 incorporated the new format as well. The PFresh concept was to be rolled out across 350 stores, either by remodel or as new store openings, by 2010. On average, a PFresh store is about 1,500 square feet (140 m2) larger than a general merchandise Target store, but is not labeled a SuperTarget as these stores' grocery aisles are still markedly smaller than those of the hypermarket.[67] SuperTarget SuperTarget is a chain of hypermarkets that are about 174,000 sq ft (16,200 m2)[68] and feature double entrances on one-story stores. The first SuperTarget opened in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1995 and is the largest at 204,000 square feet (19,000 m2). The second SuperTarget opened in Lawrence, Kansas, the same year.[69] As of October 2008, Target operated 218 SuperTarget stores in 22 US states, the majority of which are in Texas and Florida, with sizable numbers in Minnesota and Colorado.[18][70] Until 2006, the store logo spelled "Super" in green script, while newer locations are signed in red block letters in theHelvetica typeface in favor of a streamlined brand look.[17] These stores offer everything found in a regular Target as well as a full grocery selection, fresh produce, bakery and deli, with most locations having a Target Optical. Many SuperTargets featureStarbucks Coffee, Pizza Hut Express, Taco Bell Express, Target Pharmacy, The Studio @ Target (a portrait studio), Target Photo, Target Mobile (a wireless kiosk), and a Wells Fargo bank or U.S. Bank. In the past, some SuperTargets featured an E-Trade trading station in place of a bank, though E-Trade removed all of their SuperTarget branches in June 2003[71] without any prior notice. Mitchell Caplan, E-Trade's CEO at that time, said, "We were not able to make it into a profitable distribution channel...[w]e're better off exiting." E-Trade also sent a letter of notification to their customers informing them about this change. Select stores in Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, North Carolina and Virginia have a new Target Clinic concept.[72] Unlike other hypermarkets, such as most Walmart supercenters, SuperTargets are not open 24 hours.
  • 15.
    CityTarget On February 15,2011, Target announced plans to open a new store concept, called CityTarget. The first stores were opened in July, 2012, in Chicago,Seattle, and Los Angeles.[73][74][75] The Chicago store allocates approximately 55,000 square feet (5,100 m2) to its sales floor. CityTarget stores carry groceries, prescriptions, cosmetics, clothing, electronics, toys, and apartment essentials such as furniture, linens, and kitchen utensils. Certain items too bulky for urban apartments or for customers to carry are not stocked in CityTarget stores, even if they are stocked in suburban Target stores. Urban stores Target has used its urban store concept to open multiple-story stores in city centers, such as in Annapolis, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle, San Diego, Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Miami, New Orleans, Minneapolis (within the corporation's headquarters complex), Glendale, California, Pasadena, California, Portland, Oregon, Stamford, Connecticut, and Homewood, Alabama.[76] In July 2010, a Target store opened in New York's East Harlem.[77] The company also opened an urban store in Pittsburgh's East Liberty neighborhood in July 2011.[78] In March 2012, as part of its Canadian expansion, an urban store opened in downtown Mississauga. It is the largest Target store in Canada, and one of the main anchors of the Square One Shopping Centre. Building stores in urban environments carries an elevated cost which is offset by the high potential for business that urban locations can bring in. The Target store located on Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis features a three-story glass entrance and a design that sets it apart from suburban Target stores. This urban store alone cost Target Corporation US$16.3 million.[79] The urban concept has also been used to convert SuperTarget stores from former Bullock's, Montgomery Ward, J. W. Robinson's, Robinsons-May and Younkers stores.