PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards such as physical, electrical, chemical and biological hazards. Examples of PPE include masks, gloves, ear plugs and helmets. P1 masks filter mechanically generated particles while P2 masks filter mechanically and thermally generated particles such as welding fumes. Masks and respirators are classified based on their function and level of protection, with N95 respirators removing at least 95% of airborne particles. Proper use and fitting of respiratory protection is important to avoid risks.
The FitSeal™ Adhesion Respirator
Born after 5 years of R&D at leading universities and laboratories, is the next generation in personal respiratory protection
This document discusses different types of protective face masks and gear. It defines masks as barriers that cover the nose and mouth to protect from airborne particles. The main types discussed are basic cloth masks, surgical masks, respirators like N95 masks, and full face shields. It provides details on what each type filters out and their proper use to protect wearers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risks of improper use are also summarized.
Firefighter suits have evolved over centuries to provide better protection against fire hazards. Early suits were made of leather but now use advanced materials like Nomex, Kevlar and other heat-resistant fabrics. A modern firefighter suit has an outer shell, moisture barrier, and inner liner to protect against heat and allow sweat evaporation. It also includes a helmet, boots, gloves and self-contained breathing apparatus. New technologies like proximity suits, thermal sensors, and imaging cameras further enhance firefighter safety in hazardous conditions.
The document discusses technologies and practices for producing waterproof breathable fabrics. It begins with an introduction to moisture vapor transfer and factors that affect breathability. It then describes various methods for producing waterproof breathable fabrics, including closely woven structures, micro porous membranes and coatings, and hydrophilic membranes and coatings. Specific techniques for creating micro porous membranes and coatings are also outlined, such as mechanical fibrillation, wet coagulation processes, and solvent extraction methods. The goal of these fabric production methods is to generate fabrics with pores small enough to prevent liquid water penetration but large enough to allow water vapor diffusion.
The document discusses different types of filtering facepiece respirators (FFPs) according to the EN 149 standard. It describes the key differences between FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3 masks, including their minimum filtration percentages and maximum allowed inward leakage rates. It also discusses exhalation valves, standards for FFP masks including the EN 149 and Dolomite tests, markings required on certified masks, and differences between European/international standards for surgical masks like EN 14683.
The document discusses different types of protective clothing used in hazardous environments including space shuttles, chemical work, surgery, and gloves. It describes the materials, advantages, and uses of space shuttle suits which protect astronauts from hazards in outer space. It also outlines chemical resistant clothing options and materials as well as different glove types and their applications for protection. Finally, it discusses surgical gowns and their various material platforms that offer protection and comfort for medical professionals and patients.
20040915171740 bi directional-nasal_drug_deliveryRichard Gabriel
Bi-directional nasal drug delivery is a new nasal spray technology that addresses the dilemma of traditional nasal sprays between using smaller particles to improve deposition versus the risk of particles being inhaled into the lungs. The bi-directional device isolates the nasal circuit from the lungs during exhalation, allowing optimization of particle size, flow rate, and direction for efficient nasal delivery. Clinical studies show the technology significantly improves deposition in nasal regions beyond the valve while preventing lung deposition. The flexibility of bi-directional delivery enables new applications like nose-to-brain delivery and improved nasal vaccination responses.
Talks about the main segment of technical textiles that is protective textiles. detailed information about the types material and fibres used, uses and more
The FitSeal™ Adhesion Respirator
Born after 5 years of R&D at leading universities and laboratories, is the next generation in personal respiratory protection
This document discusses different types of protective face masks and gear. It defines masks as barriers that cover the nose and mouth to protect from airborne particles. The main types discussed are basic cloth masks, surgical masks, respirators like N95 masks, and full face shields. It provides details on what each type filters out and their proper use to protect wearers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risks of improper use are also summarized.
Firefighter suits have evolved over centuries to provide better protection against fire hazards. Early suits were made of leather but now use advanced materials like Nomex, Kevlar and other heat-resistant fabrics. A modern firefighter suit has an outer shell, moisture barrier, and inner liner to protect against heat and allow sweat evaporation. It also includes a helmet, boots, gloves and self-contained breathing apparatus. New technologies like proximity suits, thermal sensors, and imaging cameras further enhance firefighter safety in hazardous conditions.
The document discusses technologies and practices for producing waterproof breathable fabrics. It begins with an introduction to moisture vapor transfer and factors that affect breathability. It then describes various methods for producing waterproof breathable fabrics, including closely woven structures, micro porous membranes and coatings, and hydrophilic membranes and coatings. Specific techniques for creating micro porous membranes and coatings are also outlined, such as mechanical fibrillation, wet coagulation processes, and solvent extraction methods. The goal of these fabric production methods is to generate fabrics with pores small enough to prevent liquid water penetration but large enough to allow water vapor diffusion.
The document discusses different types of filtering facepiece respirators (FFPs) according to the EN 149 standard. It describes the key differences between FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3 masks, including their minimum filtration percentages and maximum allowed inward leakage rates. It also discusses exhalation valves, standards for FFP masks including the EN 149 and Dolomite tests, markings required on certified masks, and differences between European/international standards for surgical masks like EN 14683.
The document discusses different types of protective clothing used in hazardous environments including space shuttles, chemical work, surgery, and gloves. It describes the materials, advantages, and uses of space shuttle suits which protect astronauts from hazards in outer space. It also outlines chemical resistant clothing options and materials as well as different glove types and their applications for protection. Finally, it discusses surgical gowns and their various material platforms that offer protection and comfort for medical professionals and patients.
20040915171740 bi directional-nasal_drug_deliveryRichard Gabriel
Bi-directional nasal drug delivery is a new nasal spray technology that addresses the dilemma of traditional nasal sprays between using smaller particles to improve deposition versus the risk of particles being inhaled into the lungs. The bi-directional device isolates the nasal circuit from the lungs during exhalation, allowing optimization of particle size, flow rate, and direction for efficient nasal delivery. Clinical studies show the technology significantly improves deposition in nasal regions beyond the valve while preventing lung deposition. The flexibility of bi-directional delivery enables new applications like nose-to-brain delivery and improved nasal vaccination responses.
Talks about the main segment of technical textiles that is protective textiles. detailed information about the types material and fibres used, uses and more
The document discusses different types of face masks and respirators, including their purposes, designs, and appropriate usage. Surgical masks create a barrier to prevent transmission of infectious agents and are meant to block large particles. N95 respirators can filter 95% of airborne particles and are designed to achieve a close facial fit to protect the wearer. Factors like activities, medical conditions, and communication needs may impact mask feasibility for some individuals. Proper usage and limitations are outlined for surgical masks and N95 respirators.
Guidance for the selection and use of personal protective equipmentSurya Prajapat
It tells about components of PPE kit and their specifications and how to don and remove the PPE Kit. This presentation also tells about the sequence to don and remove the PPE
This document discusses rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 era. It outlines the components of PPE including masks, gloves, gowns and describes their proper use. Face masks and respirators are discussed in detail, including the differences between medical masks and N95 respirators. Guidelines are provided for donning and doffing PPE correctly as well as extended use and limited reuse of equipment to address shortages. Proper sanitization of phones and other frequently touched items is also recommended.
This document discusses anesthesia considerations for microlaryngeal surgery. Key points include:
- Ensuring adequate ventilation, oxygenation, and an immobile surgical field while minimizing secretions and reflexes.
- Careful pre-op assessment of the airway and tumor size. Avoiding sedatives if obstruction is present.
- Intra-op monitoring including ECG, BP, pulse oximetry and ETCO2. Induction with short acting drugs and local anesthesia of the vocal cords. Maintenance with oxygen and inhalational agents.
- Ventilation options include controlled ventilation via tracheal tube or alternative techniques like jet ventilation which carries higher risk of barotrauma.
The document discusses the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through saliva droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, and talking in close proximity. It explains that face masks can help slow the spread of the virus by catching droplets and that even asymptomatic carriers can transmit the disease. Different types of masks are described such as surgical masks, respirators, and reusable fabric masks. Proper mask wearing and various mask attributes like breathability, fit, and effectiveness against droplets/aerosols are also outlined.
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in medical settings. It defines what PPE is and its purpose in protecting health by preventing the spread of infections. It then provides details on the common types of PPE - gloves, goggles, gowns, masks, shoe covers, and face shields. For each type of PPE, it outlines the materials used for manufacturing, relevant standards and specifications, and manufacturing processes. The document aims to educate on PPE for medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The document discusses different types of disposable face masks and their effectiveness in filtering particles. The N95 mask filters at least 95% of particles and is the US equivalent of the European P2 mask. An N95 mask has a Bacterial Filtration Efficiency of greater than 99% and is recommended for protection from diseases spread through the air. Other masks discussed include P1, P2, P3 masks which offer increasing levels of protection as well as oil resistance, and Standard masks which minimize patient contamination.
Surgical masks and respirators are two main types of masks. Surgical masks are loose-fitting masks made of fabric that protect others from the wearer's droplets but do not filter very small particles. Respirators, like N95 masks, form a tight seal and filter at least 95% of airborne particles to protect the wearer. A new transparent leaf mask has an N99 filter, antifog feature, and ventilation control through an app.
Due to shortage of PPE in this covid 19 crisis we have to priortize our use of PPEs. also precautions to be taken while handling covid 19 suspect/patient.
The document discusses guidelines for managing a failed tracheal intubation, including multiple attempts at intubation with different laryngoscopes and guides, insertion of a supraglotic airway device if intubation fails, rescue face mask ventilation, and emergency cricothyroidotomy as a last resort if ventilation and oxygenation cannot be maintained by other means. It emphasizes having the proper equipment available, training and experience in difficult airway management techniques, and documenting airway issues that occur.
The RX range of personal protection equipment, exclusive to ERIKS has been designed to meet the highest specification, delivering measureable safety benefits.
The document discusses different ratings for particulate respirators - P1, P2, and P3. A P2 respirator filters mechanically and thermally generated particles from jobs involving welding fumes and other activities like crushing, grinding, drilling, sanding, and cutting. It captures approximately 94% of particles. A tight seal between the respirator and the face is important for effectiveness as it allows air to pass through the filter media rather than around the edges. The 3MTM Particulate Respirator 9123 is a P2 disposable respirator that is designed to seal tightly and filter airborne particles while allowing easy breathing.
Mahendra pal singh 264 COVID 19 PPE KIT WITH SPECIFICATION AND HOW TO PUT...MahendrapalSingh14
Mahendra Pal Singh gave a presentation on personal protective equipment for the COVID-19 pandemic. He discussed the various components of PPE including face shields, goggles, masks, gloves, gowns/coveralls, shoe covers, and head covers. For each type of protective gear, he described its purpose in preventing transmission of the virus, as well as specifications and standards for that equipment. The presentation provided guidance on proper PPE to protect healthcare workers from COVID-19 exposure.
This document provides training on respiratory protection. It discusses the importance of respiratory protection for employees exposed to air contaminants. The training covers hazards to the respiratory system, types of respiratory protective equipment including air purifying and air supplying respirators, styles of masks including quarter, half and full face masks, inspection and fitting procedures, and storage and cleaning of respirators. The goal is to ensure employees who may be exposed to respiratory hazards are prepared to properly use and care for respiratory protective equipment.
This training document provides an overview of respiratory protection and respirators. It discusses why respirators are required in certain workplaces with airborne hazards, different types of hazards like gases, vapors and particles, and different types of respirators including air-purifying respirators with half or full facepieces, canister respirators, and powered air-purifying respirators. It also covers respirator certification, assigned protection factors for determining a respirator's level of protection, and the importance of selecting the proper respirator type based on the hazards present.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is important for protecting workers from hazards even when engineering controls are in place. PPE should match the specific job hazards, fit properly, and be regularly inspected and maintained. The document then provides details on types of PPE including head, eye, hearing, respiratory, fall, body, hand, and foot protection. It describes hazards protected against, types of equipment available, proper use, inspection, and limitations of PPE.
This document discusses monitoring toxic substances in the workplace. It defines hazard, risk, and safe exposure levels. The main routes toxic substances can enter the body are inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion, with inhalation being most common. Standards have been set for airborne concentrations of toxins. Factors like an individual's susceptibility and the physical properties of particles influence health effects. Measurements can be made using personal or stationary air sampling devices. When monitoring exposure, factors like what, who, how long, and how often to sample must be considered. Finally, if exposures exceed limits then controls like substitution, ventilation, protective equipment, and hygiene measures are recommended.
Masks play very important role in avoiding the spread of Covid-19.
Wearing masks improperly will lead to infection.
There are many types of masks, choosing a mask is so confusing.
Which is the best type of mask to use in Covid-19.
This document summarizes the design of a new face mask for reducing exposure to air pollution. The mask fits over the face from chin to nose, with layers of Teflon stacked between outer layers of nylon to filter air passing through openings in the nylon layers. Teflon is used as the filtration material due to its effectiveness at filtering small pollutants. Nylon and polyurethane are also used for their elasticity and comfort. A valve and elastic strap ensure a tight seal around the face for effective filtration while allowing communication.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
The document discusses different types of face masks and respirators, including their purposes, designs, and appropriate usage. Surgical masks create a barrier to prevent transmission of infectious agents and are meant to block large particles. N95 respirators can filter 95% of airborne particles and are designed to achieve a close facial fit to protect the wearer. Factors like activities, medical conditions, and communication needs may impact mask feasibility for some individuals. Proper usage and limitations are outlined for surgical masks and N95 respirators.
Guidance for the selection and use of personal protective equipmentSurya Prajapat
It tells about components of PPE kit and their specifications and how to don and remove the PPE Kit. This presentation also tells about the sequence to don and remove the PPE
This document discusses rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 era. It outlines the components of PPE including masks, gloves, gowns and describes their proper use. Face masks and respirators are discussed in detail, including the differences between medical masks and N95 respirators. Guidelines are provided for donning and doffing PPE correctly as well as extended use and limited reuse of equipment to address shortages. Proper sanitization of phones and other frequently touched items is also recommended.
This document discusses anesthesia considerations for microlaryngeal surgery. Key points include:
- Ensuring adequate ventilation, oxygenation, and an immobile surgical field while minimizing secretions and reflexes.
- Careful pre-op assessment of the airway and tumor size. Avoiding sedatives if obstruction is present.
- Intra-op monitoring including ECG, BP, pulse oximetry and ETCO2. Induction with short acting drugs and local anesthesia of the vocal cords. Maintenance with oxygen and inhalational agents.
- Ventilation options include controlled ventilation via tracheal tube or alternative techniques like jet ventilation which carries higher risk of barotrauma.
The document discusses the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through saliva droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, and talking in close proximity. It explains that face masks can help slow the spread of the virus by catching droplets and that even asymptomatic carriers can transmit the disease. Different types of masks are described such as surgical masks, respirators, and reusable fabric masks. Proper mask wearing and various mask attributes like breathability, fit, and effectiveness against droplets/aerosols are also outlined.
The document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used in medical settings. It defines what PPE is and its purpose in protecting health by preventing the spread of infections. It then provides details on the common types of PPE - gloves, goggles, gowns, masks, shoe covers, and face shields. For each type of PPE, it outlines the materials used for manufacturing, relevant standards and specifications, and manufacturing processes. The document aims to educate on PPE for medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The document discusses different types of disposable face masks and their effectiveness in filtering particles. The N95 mask filters at least 95% of particles and is the US equivalent of the European P2 mask. An N95 mask has a Bacterial Filtration Efficiency of greater than 99% and is recommended for protection from diseases spread through the air. Other masks discussed include P1, P2, P3 masks which offer increasing levels of protection as well as oil resistance, and Standard masks which minimize patient contamination.
Surgical masks and respirators are two main types of masks. Surgical masks are loose-fitting masks made of fabric that protect others from the wearer's droplets but do not filter very small particles. Respirators, like N95 masks, form a tight seal and filter at least 95% of airborne particles to protect the wearer. A new transparent leaf mask has an N99 filter, antifog feature, and ventilation control through an app.
Due to shortage of PPE in this covid 19 crisis we have to priortize our use of PPEs. also precautions to be taken while handling covid 19 suspect/patient.
The document discusses guidelines for managing a failed tracheal intubation, including multiple attempts at intubation with different laryngoscopes and guides, insertion of a supraglotic airway device if intubation fails, rescue face mask ventilation, and emergency cricothyroidotomy as a last resort if ventilation and oxygenation cannot be maintained by other means. It emphasizes having the proper equipment available, training and experience in difficult airway management techniques, and documenting airway issues that occur.
The RX range of personal protection equipment, exclusive to ERIKS has been designed to meet the highest specification, delivering measureable safety benefits.
The document discusses different ratings for particulate respirators - P1, P2, and P3. A P2 respirator filters mechanically and thermally generated particles from jobs involving welding fumes and other activities like crushing, grinding, drilling, sanding, and cutting. It captures approximately 94% of particles. A tight seal between the respirator and the face is important for effectiveness as it allows air to pass through the filter media rather than around the edges. The 3MTM Particulate Respirator 9123 is a P2 disposable respirator that is designed to seal tightly and filter airborne particles while allowing easy breathing.
Mahendra pal singh 264 COVID 19 PPE KIT WITH SPECIFICATION AND HOW TO PUT...MahendrapalSingh14
Mahendra Pal Singh gave a presentation on personal protective equipment for the COVID-19 pandemic. He discussed the various components of PPE including face shields, goggles, masks, gloves, gowns/coveralls, shoe covers, and head covers. For each type of protective gear, he described its purpose in preventing transmission of the virus, as well as specifications and standards for that equipment. The presentation provided guidance on proper PPE to protect healthcare workers from COVID-19 exposure.
This document provides training on respiratory protection. It discusses the importance of respiratory protection for employees exposed to air contaminants. The training covers hazards to the respiratory system, types of respiratory protective equipment including air purifying and air supplying respirators, styles of masks including quarter, half and full face masks, inspection and fitting procedures, and storage and cleaning of respirators. The goal is to ensure employees who may be exposed to respiratory hazards are prepared to properly use and care for respiratory protective equipment.
This training document provides an overview of respiratory protection and respirators. It discusses why respirators are required in certain workplaces with airborne hazards, different types of hazards like gases, vapors and particles, and different types of respirators including air-purifying respirators with half or full facepieces, canister respirators, and powered air-purifying respirators. It also covers respirator certification, assigned protection factors for determining a respirator's level of protection, and the importance of selecting the proper respirator type based on the hazards present.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is important for protecting workers from hazards even when engineering controls are in place. PPE should match the specific job hazards, fit properly, and be regularly inspected and maintained. The document then provides details on types of PPE including head, eye, hearing, respiratory, fall, body, hand, and foot protection. It describes hazards protected against, types of equipment available, proper use, inspection, and limitations of PPE.
This document discusses monitoring toxic substances in the workplace. It defines hazard, risk, and safe exposure levels. The main routes toxic substances can enter the body are inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion, with inhalation being most common. Standards have been set for airborne concentrations of toxins. Factors like an individual's susceptibility and the physical properties of particles influence health effects. Measurements can be made using personal or stationary air sampling devices. When monitoring exposure, factors like what, who, how long, and how often to sample must be considered. Finally, if exposures exceed limits then controls like substitution, ventilation, protective equipment, and hygiene measures are recommended.
Masks play very important role in avoiding the spread of Covid-19.
Wearing masks improperly will lead to infection.
There are many types of masks, choosing a mask is so confusing.
Which is the best type of mask to use in Covid-19.
This document summarizes the design of a new face mask for reducing exposure to air pollution. The mask fits over the face from chin to nose, with layers of Teflon stacked between outer layers of nylon to filter air passing through openings in the nylon layers. Teflon is used as the filtration material due to its effectiveness at filtering small pollutants. Nylon and polyurethane are also used for their elasticity and comfort. A valve and elastic strap ensure a tight seal around the face for effective filtration while allowing communication.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
• "PPE", is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards.
• PPE also referred to as “equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from
injury or
infection”.
• The hazards may be from physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and
airborne
particulate matter.
• Examples of PPE: Masks, gloves, ear plugs, helmets, goggles, full body suits and etc.
6. WHAT IS P1 OR P2 PROTECTION?
P1 - For filtering mechanically generated particles – Which meets
AS/NZS1716:2003
– Example : Particles formed by crushing, grinding, drilling, sanding and
cutting.
P2 is - for filtering mechanically and thermally generated particles – Which
meets AS/NZS1716:2003
– Example: Welding fume, against some bio aerosols such as
H1N1 and H5N1 Influenza.
7. CLASSIFICATION OF FACE MASK
Based on the function:
– Comfort mask
– Surgical face mask
– Surgical Respirators
– Particulate respirators
Based on usage
– Disposable
– Reusable
9. INTRODUCTION
• The typical respiratory rate for a healthy adult at rest is 12–20 breaths per minute.
• A 70 kg human breathes 20 m3 /day. This shows the importance of air purification in human life.
• Air pollution from dust is an essential threat to human health.
• The process of removal of dispersed particles in the air by the porous medium is called filtration.
• Dispersed particles may be solids or liquids, whereas the dispersing medium may be gas (mostly
air) or liquid.
• Nonwovens are the basic material used for purifying air from aerosol impurities in the form of
solid or liquid particles.
• The porous media used in the filtration process are differentiated by structure, which can be
fibrous, granular, and capillary.
13. • FFP3 RESPIRATORS - For highest levels of filtering efficiency and protection factor.
14. RESPIRATOR FABRIC STRUCTURE
It consists of 3 layers
• Nonwoven needle felt or melt blown middle layer
• Surrounded by spun bonded inner and outer layer.
15. NEEDLE PUNCHED FILTER FABRIC
INFLUENCING PARAMETERS ON FILTRATION EFFICIENCY:
Fibre diameter, areal density, thickness of the filtration layer, and the fibre blend's composition.
Effect of filtration is maintained by these non woven are at least five months after manufacturing.
The air flow resistance for the above-mentioned nonwovens is not higher than 51 Pa.
19. SPECIFICATIONS OF RESPIRATORS
An N95 respirator – PPE designed to achieve a very close facial fit and very
efficient filtration of airborne particles.
The following notations are called for respirator description.
• N – Not Resistant to Oil
• R – Somewhat Resistant to Oil
• P – Strongly Resistant to Oil (Oil Proof)
N95 respirators remove at least 95% of airborne particles with a size of 300nm
(0.3 micron).
N99 respirators remove at least 99% of airborne particles.
N100 respirators remove at least 99.97% of airborne particles.
20. N95 vs. FFP3 & FFP2
• The most commonly discussed respirator type is N95. This is an American standard managed
by NIOSH – part of the Center for Disease Control (CDC).
• Europe uses two different standards. The “filtering face piece” score (FFP) comes from EN
standard 149:2001. Then EN 143 standard covers P1/P2/P3 ratings. Both standards are maintained
by CEN (European Committee for Standardization).
21. • As you can see, the closest European equivalent to N95 are FFP2 / P2 rated respirators, which are rated at
94%, compared to the 95% of N95.
• Similarly, the closest to N100 are P3 rated respirators – with FFP3 following closely behind.
• You could approximate things to say:
22. KN95 vs N95
• According to 3M, the Chinese KN95 standard has an equivalent specification to N95/FFP2
respirators . To quote:
• In practice the issue is more complex, and I wouldn’t take for granted that all KN95 respirators
are up to the same standard.
“It is reasonable to consider China KN95, AS/NZ P2,
Korea 1st Class, and Japan DS FFRs as equivalent to US
NIOSH N95 and European FFP2 respirators”
23. Things to watch out for:
Typically KN95 respirators are held in place by over-ear elastic loops, rather than behind the head
elastics. This can result in a weaker seal.
There’s no guarantee that all KN95 respirators actually meet the Chinese KN95 standard.
However, with the current respirator shortage, unfortunately the same goes for N95/FFP also.
24. ARE N95/N100 ACTUALLY BETTER THAN FFP2/P3?
• Not necessarily, it’s important to note that these standards only specify the minimum % of
particles that the respirator filters.
• For example, if a mask is FFP2 rated, it will filter at least 94% of particles that are 0.3 microns in
diameter or larger. But in practice it will filter somewhere between 94% and 99%. The precise
figure will often be quoted by the manufacturer in the product description.
• A good example is the GVS Elipse respirator, which in the USA is rated at P100 (99.7%), and in
Europe is rated at P3 (99.95%). In practice it’s likely to have the same filtering capacity in both
regions.
25. HOW BIG IS THE CORONAVIRUS, AND CAN RESPIRATORS FILTER IT?
• Respirators with high efficiency at 0.3 micron particle size (N95/FFP2 or better) can in theory filter particles
down to the size of the coronavirus (which is around 0.1 microns).
• A recent paper shows that the coronavirus ranges from between 0.06 and 0.14 microns in size.
• The reason for the focus on 0.3 microns is because it is the “most penetrating particle size” (MPPS). Particles
above this size move in ways we might anticipate, and will get trapped in a filter with gaps smaller than the
particle size. Particles smaller than 0.3 microns exhibit what’s called brownian motion – which makes them
easier to filter.
26. • Brownian motion refers to a phenomenon whereby the particle’s mass is small enough that it no longer travels
unimpeded through the air. Instead it interacts with the molecules in the air (nitrogen, oxygen, etc), causing it
to pinball between them, moving in an erratic pattern.
• What we can take away from this, is that high filter efficiency at 0.3 micron size will generally translate to
high filter efficiency below this size also.
• An article by 3M discusses research showing that all 6 of the N95 respirators they tested can efficiently filter
lower than 0.1 micron size with approximately 94% efficiency or higher. The graph below is from that article,
and illustrates this:
According to researchers this point between “normal” motion and
brownian motion is the hardest particle size for filters to capture.
27. • The below image shows the size of the coronavirus, relative to other small molecules like a red blood cell,
or the often talked about PM2.5 particle size.
28.
29. RISKS WITH USING RESPIRATORS
There are a number of possible risks with respirators that it’s worth being aware of,
so that you can avoid making them.
1. Not fitting and wearing respirators correctly – A respirator can’t fully protect
you if it doesn’t fit your face.
2. Touching the front of the respirator (which catches viruses etc) and then
transferring that to other objects, which could eventually lead back to your mouth
and nose.
3. Taking unnecessary exposure risks because you’re wearing a respirator. Don’t
let it give you false confidence. The safest thing is maintaining social distance.
30. SURGICAL MASKS
• A surgical mask is a loose-fitting, disposable
device that creates a physical barrier between
the mouth/nose of the wearer and potential
contaminants in the immediate environment.
• It also prevent patients from direct transmission
of infectious agents from health care
professionals or the surgical area.
• Surgical masks are not PPE as defined under the
European Directive 89/686.
31. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF SURGICAL MASK
Prevent the spread of infection between sick and well persons.
Simple surgical masks should protect wearers from being splashed
with body fluids.
Prevent transmission of body fluids from the medical professional to
the patient.
Should have sufficient filtration efficiency to Bacterial and aerosol
particles.
32. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Should have fluid proof and splash resistance to blood and body fluids.
Should have pleats/folds – For allowing the user to expand the mask so as to
cover the nose and under the chin.
Commonly 3 pleated are used.
Should have stability during breathing, – i.e. The mask should maintain its shape
in a better way during breath.
Should have minimum pore size for efficient filtration.
In case of higher filtrations, 3 ply material is made up from a melt blown placed
between spun bonded non-woven fabric, – the melt-blown material acts as the
filter that stops microbes from entering or exiting the mask.
Should have additional filtration media for effective filtration (Optional).
33. ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS
Should be breathable and have less breathing resistance.
Loosely cover the mouth and nose.
It should have two headbands, nose foam and nose clip.
Should have elastic strap band instead of tie-on strap.
Made of soft materials and be comfortable to wear.
Should be light in weight
35. SPUN BONDED NON WOVEN FABRIC
Raw materials:
• polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene.
Bonding method:
• Thermal bonding or resin bonding
• Bonding should be throughout the web
Benefits
• Soft on skin
• Disposable
• Air permeable
• Water proof
• Can be sanitized
• Easy to stitch
GSM Range: 15 - 30
37. MELT BLOWN NON WOVEN FABRIC
Composed of super-thin, non-continuous fibres.
Melt-blown nonwoven are characterised by random arrangement of fibres.
Stability is achieved mainly by the cohesion forces, as the fibres are mutually
glued during solidification.
Polypropylene (PP) has a low melting point and is the most popular polymer for
melt-blown nonwovens.
The following polymers can also be used:
polyethylene terephthalate (PET),
polyamide (PA) and its copolymers,
polyethylene (PE),
polycarbonates (PCs),
simple and complex polyurethanes (PU).
39. WHAT SHOULD I KNOW BEFORE USING SURGICAL MASKS?
• Surgical masks will not fully protect you from being infected.
• Masks must be changed when they become wet with saliva or other bodily fluids,
as they lose their protective properties.
• Surgical masks are not tested against specific requirements.
• Never reuse, wash or disinfect surgical masks.
• Never share surgical masks with others.
• Place used or soiled masks into a tied plastic bag to prevent dripping.