This document discusses the emergence of respectful maternity care. It defines respectful maternity care and categories of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth. It then discusses how women have been defined differently in various historical eras based on the dominant ideologies of those times, including medieval, modern, postmodern, and specific to Nepal. It also examines childbirth practices in medieval, modern and postmodern eras, noting shifts from home to medicalized hospital births and a movement back toward more natural childbirth.
Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a universal human right that encompasses respect for women's autonomy, dignity, feelings, choices, and preferences during childbirth. RMC outlines seven rights of childbearing women: 1) freedom from harm and ill treatment; 2) informed consent and respect for choices; 3) privacy and confidentiality; 4) dignity and respect; 5) equality and freedom from discrimination; 6) health care and the highest attainable level of care; and 7) liberty, autonomy, and freedom from coercion. Benefits of RMC include respect for beliefs and cultures, empowerment of women, continuous support during labor, and freedom of choice and movement.
What it means to be a midwife inc national reform july 2013Belinda Maier
This document discusses what it means to be a midwife from the perspective of Dr Belinda Maier, an adjunct associate professor. It explores various aspects of a midwife's role including why some choose the profession, career options, feminist perspectives, and ensuring women's dignity is respected during birth. It also examines risk discourse around birth and debates around different models of maternity care available to women in Australia. The document advocates for woman-centered care and greater choice, access and autonomy for women in their birthing experiences.
A midwife is a person who has completed midwifery education and training to provide care, support and advice to women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. To practice as an eligible midwife in Australia requires general midwifery registration plus additional experience and training requirements. Options for midwifery employment include public hospitals, private practice, self-employment and various hybrid models. The future of midwifery in Australia may include expanded access to services, negotiated employment contracts, more public models of care and increased utilization of midwives' full scope of practice especially in rural areas.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of midwifery as a profession. It discusses how midwifery was traditionally practiced by women for centuries until the 17th century when male midwives began to emerge. It also outlines key terminology used in midwifery and describes the roles and responsibilities of midwives, which include providing care during pregnancy, labor, delivery and the postpartum period. Additionally, it notes several trends in modern midwifery, such as an emphasis on family-centered care, cost containment measures, expanded nursing roles, and increased use of technology.
This topic contains Meaning and definitions of midwifery, obstetrics, obstetrical nursing, midwife, scope of midwifery, basic competencies of a midwife, history of midwifery in nursing and development of maternity services in India.
The term midwife reflects a philosophy of care that is directed toward women and their individual reproductive needs. A midwife usually offers a variety of options and seeks to eliminate or minimize unnecessary interventions. This philosophy is represented by the Midwives Model of Care.The Midwives Model of Care is based on the belief that pregnancy and birth are normal life processes. (American Pregnancy Association)
Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a universal human right that encompasses respect for women's autonomy, dignity, feelings, choices, and preferences during childbirth. RMC outlines seven rights of childbearing women: 1) freedom from harm and ill treatment; 2) informed consent and respect for choices; 3) privacy and confidentiality; 4) dignity and respect; 5) equality and freedom from discrimination; 6) health care and the highest attainable level of care; and 7) liberty, autonomy, and freedom from coercion. Benefits of RMC include respect for beliefs and cultures, empowerment of women, continuous support during labor, and freedom of choice and movement.
What it means to be a midwife inc national reform july 2013Belinda Maier
This document discusses what it means to be a midwife from the perspective of Dr Belinda Maier, an adjunct associate professor. It explores various aspects of a midwife's role including why some choose the profession, career options, feminist perspectives, and ensuring women's dignity is respected during birth. It also examines risk discourse around birth and debates around different models of maternity care available to women in Australia. The document advocates for woman-centered care and greater choice, access and autonomy for women in their birthing experiences.
A midwife is a person who has completed midwifery education and training to provide care, support and advice to women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. To practice as an eligible midwife in Australia requires general midwifery registration plus additional experience and training requirements. Options for midwifery employment include public hospitals, private practice, self-employment and various hybrid models. The future of midwifery in Australia may include expanded access to services, negotiated employment contracts, more public models of care and increased utilization of midwives' full scope of practice especially in rural areas.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of midwifery as a profession. It discusses how midwifery was traditionally practiced by women for centuries until the 17th century when male midwives began to emerge. It also outlines key terminology used in midwifery and describes the roles and responsibilities of midwives, which include providing care during pregnancy, labor, delivery and the postpartum period. Additionally, it notes several trends in modern midwifery, such as an emphasis on family-centered care, cost containment measures, expanded nursing roles, and increased use of technology.
This topic contains Meaning and definitions of midwifery, obstetrics, obstetrical nursing, midwife, scope of midwifery, basic competencies of a midwife, history of midwifery in nursing and development of maternity services in India.
The term midwife reflects a philosophy of care that is directed toward women and their individual reproductive needs. A midwife usually offers a variety of options and seeks to eliminate or minimize unnecessary interventions. This philosophy is represented by the Midwives Model of Care.The Midwives Model of Care is based on the belief that pregnancy and birth are normal life processes. (American Pregnancy Association)
This document summarizes a research paper about female genital cutting (FGC). It discusses how over 130 million women worldwide have undergone FGC, mainly in Africa and Asia, due to cultural and religious beliefs. FGC can cause both immediate and long-term health complications. The paper aims to describe the issue of FGC and its significance for nursing. It reviews literature on FGC, including a primary research article discussing the physical and psychological impacts of FGC and recommendations for culturally sensitive nursing care. The document also summarizes two additional reference articles defining FGC and providing global statistics on the practice.
HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES,ISSUES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH kirukki
This document discusses historical and contemporary perspectives on maternal and child health. It provides background on midwifery and nursing practices over time in India and Kerala. It outlines key national programs in India related to maternal and child health. It also discusses issues such as malnutrition, infection, uncontrolled reproduction, and gender-based violence that impact maternal and child health in India. Additionally, it summarizes perspectives and goals from the International Conference on Population and Development and Millennium Development Goals related to improving reproductive and sexual health worldwide.
Looking back and beyond health through women’s eyesWOREC Nepal
Community-based women’s health programme is based on women’s empowerment and a self-help approach as well as on plant-based medicine. It was initiated in April 1997 to address the need for the health program to embrace a holistic approach with appropriate human resources. WOREC adopted the concept of barefoot gynaecologists in its program which was the beginning of women’s health movement from the community level where women took control of their own health.
This document discusses models of midwifery care in Central New York and summarizes a presentation given by two midwives. The presentation covered three main points: 1) It discussed models of care that use midwifery for healthy women during pregnancy and well woman care. 2) It discussed research findings that support safe and healthy outcomes for physiologic labor and birth. 3) It facilitated collaboration of a healthcare team to provide comprehensive safe maternity care for women in Central New York.
The document provides a history of midwifery internationally and in Nepal. It describes how midwifery has been practiced since ancient times, with the first recorded midwives found in the Old Testament. Over centuries, midwifery became a more formalized profession, with training programs established in places like Edinburgh in the 18th century. In Nepal, midwifery was traditionally practiced by TBAs with experience but no formal training, but now several universities offer midwifery degree programs to professionalize the field.
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tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
The document summarizes the debate on abortion between pro-choice and pro-life perspectives. It discusses key arguments from both sides, such as whether the fetus has a right to life and whether a woman has a right to terminate her pregnancy. It also outlines global scenarios on the legal status and incidence of abortion, as well as perspectives, philosophical considerations, and religious views from those who are pro-life and pro-choice.
World vision respectful maternity care icm africa july 2013Dr. Margaret Njenga
This document summarizes a project in Alamata, Ethiopia that aimed to increase facility births through embracing respectful maternity care. Key interventions included training midwives and nurses on respectful care, integrating traditional birth attendants into the healthcare system, increasing community awareness of birth risks, and improving the cleanliness and cultural sensitivity of the local health center. Over four years, these efforts led to a dramatic increase in facility births in Alamata, from only 20% previously to over 80%. The project demonstrates that respectful care can help overcome barriers preventing women from giving birth at healthcare facilities.
Maternal mortality and morbidity are serious issues globally. Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination from any cause related to the pregnancy. Maternal deaths are classified as direct, indirect, or fortuitous. Direct deaths result from obstetric complications while indirect deaths result from pre-existing or pregnancy-aggravated conditions. Major causes of maternal mortality include obstetric complications like hemorrhage and infections as well as social factors like poverty, illiteracy, and lack of access to medical care. Preventive measures include antenatal care, treatment of medical conditions, institutional deliveries, and promotion of family planning. Nurses play an important role in providing anten
Vital statistics related to maternal health in indiaPriyanka Gohil
This topic contains introduction of vital statistics, list of important statistics, birth rate, death rate, specific death rates, infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, under five mortality rate, maternal mortality rate (detailed), perinatal mortality rate (detailed), expectation of life, general fertility rate and still births.
Vital statistics related to maternal health provide important information for evaluating community health, developing policies and procedures, and planning health programs. Key vital statistics include maternal mortality rate, which is the number of female deaths due to pregnancy or childbirth complications per 100,000 live births, and maternal morbidity rate, which refers to illnesses related to pregnancy and childbirth. Maintaining accurate vital statistics allows analysis of factors influencing maternal and child health and assessment of initiatives to reduce mortality and morbidity rates.
The document discusses population from biological and sociological perspectives. It addresses how population studies draw from multiple disciplines like demography, economics, sociology, and relates population trends to factors like health, sanitation, education, and women's status. Population influences areas like development planning, family size norms, disease prevalence, and nutritional issues in developing nations. The challenges of environmental sanitation and inadequate medical resources in India are also summarized.
Menstruation and human rights (UNFPA based ppt)Anshu Shukla
Menstruation is a natural and healthy process for girls and women where the uterus sheds its lining. It is part of the menstrual cycle, which is triggered by hormones and typically lasts 2-5 days. When menstruation cannot be managed properly due to lack of access to safe products and facilities, it can undermine human dignity and fundamental rights like education, work, and non-discrimination. Without access to clean materials to absorb blood, places for hygiene and disposal, women's health, education and livelihoods suffer.
1. Cervical cancer disproportionately affects uninsured women in the US, with over 12,000 new cases and 4,000 deaths annually. Uninsured women often cannot afford regular screenings to detect pre-cancerous cells.
2. This document proposes several recommendations to improve cervical cancer outcomes for uninsured women, including increasing education programs in schools, expanding access to low-cost clinics with interpreters, and promoting nutrition and lifestyle seminars.
3. While these changes could help boost screening rates and catch cancers earlier, their implementation may face challenges like inadequate funding, cultural barriers to women's health discussions, and political opposition. Overall, the goals are to enhance prevention, diagnosis and treatment options for at-risk populations
Maternal mortality refers to the death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. Some key points:
- Causes of maternal mortality include hemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, obstructed labor, eclampsia, and complications from existing medical conditions.
- Maternal mortality is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 1 in 16 women face the risk of dying from pregnancy or childbirth-related causes.
- In India, an estimated woman dies every seven minutes from pregnancy or childbirth complications. The maternal mortality ratio in India is around 200 per 100,000 live births.
- Prevention strategies focus on increasing access to antenatal
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on trends and issues in medical surgical nursing. It discusses major trends like reduced length of stay and increased technology. It also covers ethical and cultural issues in nursing care, including communication barriers and religious/family differences. Significant cultural aspects like health beliefs, language, and family structure are examined specifically for Indian culture. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of documentation to meet legal obligations and continue improving patient care.
AWDF Woman of Substance on Maternal Health in GhanaAmos Anyimadu
The document discusses the role of midwives and public health nurses in reducing maternal, newborn and child mortality in Ghana. It provides background on Ghana and defines key terms like maternal mortality rate. It describes the causes of maternal deaths as the three delays - delays in seeking care, reaching care, and receiving adequate care. The document outlines Ghana's policies and efforts to improve maternal health, including the Millennium Development Goals. It discusses the midwife's role in antenatal care, labor/delivery care, and postpartum care. Strategies have been implemented before and after 2000 to strengthen the midwife's role in reducing mortality.
The document provides a historical overview of the development of nursing. It discusses ancient cultures like Egypt where priests acted as healers. Nursing roles developed further under Christianity with women working in care of the sick. Florence Nightingale established modern nursing in the 19th century by founding the first nursing school. The document also defines nursing according to various scholars and organizations, and outlines the main types of nursing educational programs.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of nursing. It discusses nursing in ancient cultures such as Egypt, Greece, India, China, and Rome. Nursing roles evolved over time, with some cultures assigning nursing duties to women and others to men. Formal nursing education did not exist in ancient times. The document then covers the foundations of modern nursing in Germany and Britain in the 19th century, led by pioneers like Florence Nightingale. It also summarizes the development of nursing in the United States and graduate nursing programs in the 20th century. Finally, the role of nursing in Islam is discussed.
This document summarizes a research paper about female genital cutting (FGC). It discusses how over 130 million women worldwide have undergone FGC, mainly in Africa and Asia, due to cultural and religious beliefs. FGC can cause both immediate and long-term health complications. The paper aims to describe the issue of FGC and its significance for nursing. It reviews literature on FGC, including a primary research article discussing the physical and psychological impacts of FGC and recommendations for culturally sensitive nursing care. The document also summarizes two additional reference articles defining FGC and providing global statistics on the practice.
HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES,ISSUES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH kirukki
This document discusses historical and contemporary perspectives on maternal and child health. It provides background on midwifery and nursing practices over time in India and Kerala. It outlines key national programs in India related to maternal and child health. It also discusses issues such as malnutrition, infection, uncontrolled reproduction, and gender-based violence that impact maternal and child health in India. Additionally, it summarizes perspectives and goals from the International Conference on Population and Development and Millennium Development Goals related to improving reproductive and sexual health worldwide.
Looking back and beyond health through women’s eyesWOREC Nepal
Community-based women’s health programme is based on women’s empowerment and a self-help approach as well as on plant-based medicine. It was initiated in April 1997 to address the need for the health program to embrace a holistic approach with appropriate human resources. WOREC adopted the concept of barefoot gynaecologists in its program which was the beginning of women’s health movement from the community level where women took control of their own health.
This document discusses models of midwifery care in Central New York and summarizes a presentation given by two midwives. The presentation covered three main points: 1) It discussed models of care that use midwifery for healthy women during pregnancy and well woman care. 2) It discussed research findings that support safe and healthy outcomes for physiologic labor and birth. 3) It facilitated collaboration of a healthcare team to provide comprehensive safe maternity care for women in Central New York.
The document provides a history of midwifery internationally and in Nepal. It describes how midwifery has been practiced since ancient times, with the first recorded midwives found in the Old Testament. Over centuries, midwifery became a more formalized profession, with training programs established in places like Edinburgh in the 18th century. In Nepal, midwifery was traditionally practiced by TBAs with experience but no formal training, but now several universities offer midwifery degree programs to professionalize the field.
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: https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
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tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
The document summarizes the debate on abortion between pro-choice and pro-life perspectives. It discusses key arguments from both sides, such as whether the fetus has a right to life and whether a woman has a right to terminate her pregnancy. It also outlines global scenarios on the legal status and incidence of abortion, as well as perspectives, philosophical considerations, and religious views from those who are pro-life and pro-choice.
World vision respectful maternity care icm africa july 2013Dr. Margaret Njenga
This document summarizes a project in Alamata, Ethiopia that aimed to increase facility births through embracing respectful maternity care. Key interventions included training midwives and nurses on respectful care, integrating traditional birth attendants into the healthcare system, increasing community awareness of birth risks, and improving the cleanliness and cultural sensitivity of the local health center. Over four years, these efforts led to a dramatic increase in facility births in Alamata, from only 20% previously to over 80%. The project demonstrates that respectful care can help overcome barriers preventing women from giving birth at healthcare facilities.
Maternal mortality and morbidity are serious issues globally. Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination from any cause related to the pregnancy. Maternal deaths are classified as direct, indirect, or fortuitous. Direct deaths result from obstetric complications while indirect deaths result from pre-existing or pregnancy-aggravated conditions. Major causes of maternal mortality include obstetric complications like hemorrhage and infections as well as social factors like poverty, illiteracy, and lack of access to medical care. Preventive measures include antenatal care, treatment of medical conditions, institutional deliveries, and promotion of family planning. Nurses play an important role in providing anten
Vital statistics related to maternal health in indiaPriyanka Gohil
This topic contains introduction of vital statistics, list of important statistics, birth rate, death rate, specific death rates, infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, under five mortality rate, maternal mortality rate (detailed), perinatal mortality rate (detailed), expectation of life, general fertility rate and still births.
Vital statistics related to maternal health provide important information for evaluating community health, developing policies and procedures, and planning health programs. Key vital statistics include maternal mortality rate, which is the number of female deaths due to pregnancy or childbirth complications per 100,000 live births, and maternal morbidity rate, which refers to illnesses related to pregnancy and childbirth. Maintaining accurate vital statistics allows analysis of factors influencing maternal and child health and assessment of initiatives to reduce mortality and morbidity rates.
The document discusses population from biological and sociological perspectives. It addresses how population studies draw from multiple disciplines like demography, economics, sociology, and relates population trends to factors like health, sanitation, education, and women's status. Population influences areas like development planning, family size norms, disease prevalence, and nutritional issues in developing nations. The challenges of environmental sanitation and inadequate medical resources in India are also summarized.
Menstruation and human rights (UNFPA based ppt)Anshu Shukla
Menstruation is a natural and healthy process for girls and women where the uterus sheds its lining. It is part of the menstrual cycle, which is triggered by hormones and typically lasts 2-5 days. When menstruation cannot be managed properly due to lack of access to safe products and facilities, it can undermine human dignity and fundamental rights like education, work, and non-discrimination. Without access to clean materials to absorb blood, places for hygiene and disposal, women's health, education and livelihoods suffer.
1. Cervical cancer disproportionately affects uninsured women in the US, with over 12,000 new cases and 4,000 deaths annually. Uninsured women often cannot afford regular screenings to detect pre-cancerous cells.
2. This document proposes several recommendations to improve cervical cancer outcomes for uninsured women, including increasing education programs in schools, expanding access to low-cost clinics with interpreters, and promoting nutrition and lifestyle seminars.
3. While these changes could help boost screening rates and catch cancers earlier, their implementation may face challenges like inadequate funding, cultural barriers to women's health discussions, and political opposition. Overall, the goals are to enhance prevention, diagnosis and treatment options for at-risk populations
Maternal mortality refers to the death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. Some key points:
- Causes of maternal mortality include hemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, obstructed labor, eclampsia, and complications from existing medical conditions.
- Maternal mortality is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 1 in 16 women face the risk of dying from pregnancy or childbirth-related causes.
- In India, an estimated woman dies every seven minutes from pregnancy or childbirth complications. The maternal mortality ratio in India is around 200 per 100,000 live births.
- Prevention strategies focus on increasing access to antenatal
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on trends and issues in medical surgical nursing. It discusses major trends like reduced length of stay and increased technology. It also covers ethical and cultural issues in nursing care, including communication barriers and religious/family differences. Significant cultural aspects like health beliefs, language, and family structure are examined specifically for Indian culture. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of documentation to meet legal obligations and continue improving patient care.
AWDF Woman of Substance on Maternal Health in GhanaAmos Anyimadu
The document discusses the role of midwives and public health nurses in reducing maternal, newborn and child mortality in Ghana. It provides background on Ghana and defines key terms like maternal mortality rate. It describes the causes of maternal deaths as the three delays - delays in seeking care, reaching care, and receiving adequate care. The document outlines Ghana's policies and efforts to improve maternal health, including the Millennium Development Goals. It discusses the midwife's role in antenatal care, labor/delivery care, and postpartum care. Strategies have been implemented before and after 2000 to strengthen the midwife's role in reducing mortality.
The document provides a historical overview of the development of nursing. It discusses ancient cultures like Egypt where priests acted as healers. Nursing roles developed further under Christianity with women working in care of the sick. Florence Nightingale established modern nursing in the 19th century by founding the first nursing school. The document also defines nursing according to various scholars and organizations, and outlines the main types of nursing educational programs.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of nursing. It discusses nursing in ancient cultures such as Egypt, Greece, India, China, and Rome. Nursing roles evolved over time, with some cultures assigning nursing duties to women and others to men. Formal nursing education did not exist in ancient times. The document then covers the foundations of modern nursing in Germany and Britain in the 19th century, led by pioneers like Florence Nightingale. It also summarizes the development of nursing in the United States and graduate nursing programs in the 20th century. Finally, the role of nursing in Islam is discussed.
The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of nursing as a profession. It discusses early definitions of nursing and the influence of religion and civilizations. It then focuses on the history of nursing in Ethiopia, noting that modern nursing began with Swedish missionaries in the 19th century. It traces developments like the establishment of nursing schools and Ethiopia's first national nurse. Nursing has grown to become the largest healthcare workforce in Ethiopia.
This document provides a history of the development of nursing from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how nursing originated in early cultures, with some assigning nursing roles to females and others to males. Nursing developed further in ancient Egypt, Greece, India, China, and Rome. During the Middle Ages, nursing was primarily provided by women in monasteries and convents. Modern nursing began in the 19th century with the work of Florence Nightingale and the establishment of nursing schools. The document also discusses the foundations of nursing in Islam based on teachings from the Quran and examples from the time of the Prophet Muhammad.
This document discusses the history and development of nursing as a profession from ancient times to the modern era. It describes how nursing began as a way to care for the sick and evolved over time based on scientific advances and societal needs. Key events and figures discussed include the role of religion in early nursing care, Florence Nightingale's pioneering work in the Crimean War that helped establish nursing as a respected profession, and the development of formal nursing education programs in the 19th century. The document traces the progression of nursing from being primarily performed by women in the home to the establishment of nursing as a distinct career path open to both men and women.
This document provides an overview of the history of the development of the nursing profession and regulatory bodies. It discusses how nursing originated from motherly care and has evolved significantly over time. Key developments included the establishment of nursing orders in the Middle Ages, Florence Nightingale founding modern nursing in the 19th century, and the growth of nursing education and specialization in the 20th century. It also examines the characteristics of a profession and analyzes how nursing meets many of the criteria to be considered an emerging profession.
Historical perspectives of nursing and concepts of nursingNursing Hi Nursing
This document provides a historical overview of nursing from ancient civilizations to modern times. It discusses how nursing began as a way to care for the sick and evolved over centuries. A key figure discussed is Florence Nightingale, who is considered the founder of modern nursing. She established the first nursing school and philosophy based on health maintenance. The document also examines the development of nursing as a profession and the concepts, knowledge base, tasks and dimensions of modern nursing practice.
The document discusses the history of nursing from prehistoric times through the Period of Apprenticeship Nursing. It describes how in prehistoric times, illness was believed to be caused by evil spirits that could be treated through magic. Ancient civilizations like Babylonia, Egypt, Israel, Rome, Greece, China, Africa, and India made various contributions to early medicine and nursing. Nursing then progressed to the Period of Apprenticeship from the 11th century to 1836, where nursing care was performed through on-the-job training directed by experienced nurses, often within religious orders.
This document summarizes the history of medicine from ancient cultures to modern times. It discusses early medical specialists and how their roles encompassed spiritual, social, and teaching duties. It also outlines the evolution of medical education and changing attitudes towards women in medicine. Significant contributors like Hippocrates, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister who advanced medical treatments and public health are recognized. Cultural beliefs about illness and traditional medical practices from various societies are also summarized.
The document provides a historical overview of nursing from ancient civilizations to modern times. It describes how nursing began as assisting with childbirth and caring for the sick. Nursing evolved with various cultures and religions, including establishing hospitals under Islam in the 9th century. Florence Nightingale is cited as the founder of modern nursing, transforming military hospitals during the Crimean War in the 1850s and establishing nursing schools. The document summarizes some influential early nursing leaders who advanced the profession.
UNIT 1 FON First chapter of Nursing.pptxssuserb38b59
Here are the key points about the role of a nurse as a counselor:
- Provide emotional, intellectual and psychological support to clients
- Help clients recognize and cope with stressful problems and issues
- Focus on helping clients develop new attitudes, feelings and behaviors
- Assist clients in adapting alternative behaviors and recognizing new choices
- Support clients in developing a sense of control over their situation
The overall goal is to counsel clients, especially those dealing with normal adjustment difficulties, and promote their personal growth through the counseling process.
1. Ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, India, and China made early contributions to health beliefs, medical practices, and the beginnings of nursing care. Women were typically responsible for caring for the sick in the home, while male priests or physicians sometimes took on medical roles.
2. During the Middle Ages, nursing declined as most religious orders became extinct, leaving hospital care to untrained individuals of low social status. The Renaissance and Reformation saw the establishment of early nursing orders like the Sisters of Charity who provided education and care.
3. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. During the Crimean War, she reduced the death rate of soldiers from 42% to 2%
Reproductive Health And The Technocratic ModelRuth Barkan
The document discusses how childbirth in the US transitioned from a female-centered social event attended by midwives at home to a medicalized process controlled by male doctors in hospitals. This was due to the scientific revolution replacing religious beliefs with a mechanistic view of the body. The medicalization of birth established a patriarchal model where doctors are in charge of the "mechanically developing" baby and women's bodies and experiences are seen as defective compared to male standards. Various hospital birth practices like wheelchairs, gowns, and induced labor enforce the prioritization of institutional control and schedules over women's empowerment and bodily autonomy.
Hello dears today we learn about What is "History Of Nursing" , fundamentals of #, Who is Florence Nightingale, Nursing defined by different scholars, Who is Rufhada Bint-e-Saad and History of Nursing education in ,Fon notes , Fon lectures BSN Lectures for Nursing BSN students
The document provides a brief overview of the history of nursing. It mentions that the earliest records of nursing come from Egypt, where people assisted with childbirth, and the Babylonians established patients' right to choose their treatment. Nursing expanded beyond caring for children in the 15th century. Christianity influenced the development of nursing as nuns and the military provided nursing-like services by caring for the sick, feeding the hungry, and burying the dead. Florence Nightingale improved perceptions of nursing by establishing it as a respectable profession after her experiences during the Crimean War, where she developed new hygiene standards and formal nursing theories and training.
Public Health Nursing 1912 1930 Pages 259 265 Trachoma Eradication Through In...Karen Shelton, RN
This document discusses the work of the U.S. Public Health Service and Children's Bureau in combating trachoma and improving maternal and child health in the early 20th century. It describes how trachoma attacked the conjunctiva and could lead to blindness. Special hospitals were established in rural Appalachia to treat trachoma, with one nurse traveling 3000 miles by muleback. The Children's Bureau was created in 1912 to study causes of infant mortality and promote child welfare. Field studies showed high rates were due to untrained midwives and contaminated water/milk. The 1921 Sheppard-Towner Act provided federal funding to work with states on maternity and infant care, including using funds to educate mid
This document provides an overview of the history and foundations of nursing. It discusses how nursing dates back to ancient civilizations and was primarily performed by women caring for the sick in their homes. Significant developments included the establishment of early hospitals in ancient Rome and Renaissance periods. Florence Nightingale is cited as the founder of modern nursing, transforming perceptions of the profession during her work in the Crimean War. The document also defines nursing, outlines nursing education programs, and notes the importance of cultural factors and professionalism within the nursing profession.
Similar to Respectful maternity care dr kiran regmi (20)
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4. Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care >
Defining women in various historical eras
Women have been defined by the ideological
apparatus of the state to suit the patriarchy
Althusser’s (1971) defines ideological state apparatus
as a certain number of realities that present
themselves to the immediate observer in the form of
distinct and specialised institutions
These institutions are religious, educational, familial,
legal, political, and cultural. He thinks that the state
ideologies change with time. As the state ideologies
change, the definition of woman also changes
5. One class structure of women would consist of
an aristocracy, which ruled as a privileged elite.
By and large, they appear as queens, empresses
and consorts of powerful men, or as regents for
sons and grandsons—but occasionally also as
artists, military leaders, political manipulators
and writers.
Another class structure women were restricted in
their roles as the peasantry, which farmed the
land, limited by social status, by economic
constraints.
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care >
Defining women in various historical eras > Medieval
women
6.
7.
8. Western women appear as wives and writers,
lovers and soldiers, mothers and midwives,
scientists and traders
The popular image of the Asian women continues
to be that of a submissive bride behind her veil, a
reticent daughter-in-law, a devoted mother, and
finally, a ruling mother-in-law.
Women’s right to liberty was restricted in the
name of modesty, protection and prevention of
immoral activity
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care >
Defining women in various historical eras > Modern women
9.
10. Sadly, most of the women’s movements fail(ed) to
rescue women in developing countries
The tragedy with the women’s movements is that
women from the upper classes, who mostly dominate
the women of lower class, have never had to suffer the
same ordeals as the women of the oppressed classes
The adverse conditions in important areas such as
public hygiene and childbirth have a greater bearing on
women of the working classes
Hence the struggles for the rights of women, and their
liberation, have different meanings for women of
various classes
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining
women in various historical eras > Postmodern women
11. Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care >
Defining women in various historical eras > Nepali women
ERA Situation of Women
Kirati Women were not different from men in their
living style
Licchavi Freedom to property, education, political
rights and marriage
Malla Women's rights varies according to the caste
and class
Thakuri
dynasty
Renaissance for Nepali women
Rana dynasty Gender discrimination was at a peak
Shaha kings Comparatively better than the Rana period
12. Attention was turned toward the spiritual and supernatural
agencies instead of relying upon observation, experience,
experiment and thought
The magical beliefs and superstitions prevalent at the time
forced people to believe that an unfavorable childbirth
outcome was largely a punishment from God, and so
confession of sin for some wrongdoing was considered
necessary for healing
The enclosed childbirth chamber, the presence of female
attendants, and the birthing women’s modesty, were
believed to be important elements of medieval childbirth
customs that helped to maintain a medieval woman’s
spirituality during childbirth
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining
childbirth in various historical eras > Medieval childbirth >
principle
13.
14. The birth chamber was sealed—from the
windows to the keyholes—and became a site
of exclusively female activity
It was within this enclosed space where
women usually found the only room of their
own. One could possibly view the enclosed
birth room as an extension of the childbearing
body
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining
childbirth in various historical eras > Medieval childbirth >
principle
15. In the Early Middle, childbirth was an event mediated by
female midwives, who delivered women in their homes
with the comfort and help of female friends and family
Trotula Major (historical childbirth book), concludes that
female midwives were not only healers, but also the
researchers who discovered a number of useful drugs that
have become popular in maternity care
They were confidantes and wise advisors to medieval
women.
Their craft knowledge accumulated over many generations
from the keen study of Nature, and from experiments to
find useful ways to work with Nature
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Medieval childbirth > childbirth assistants
16.
17. The natural indigenous medicines described in Trotula Major used
in the course of deliveries which include wine, barley water,
vinegar, rose water, honey, butter, gum Arabic, olive oil, flaxseed,
cloves and roses
The herbs included lady’s mantle to stop bleeding, wormwood to
relieve pain, hops for a calming effect, smut rye to stimulate uterine
contractions, and henbane and poppy for relief from pain
Other more advanced herbal drugs that the midwives discovered
are ergot, used to stop uterine bleeding, belladonna to regulate
contractions and prevent miscarriages, and digitalis for heart
complaints
Derivatives from these plants still play a very major role in modern
medicine
The child was rubbed with salt, and the palate of the gums of the
child was cleansed with honey, to give it an appetite
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Medieval childbirth > Childbirth
medications
19. The clothes women wear during labour were of indigenous
style. It consisted of a shift tucked up under the arms with
a short petticoat placed about the hips which was to be
removed after labour and the dry shift drawn down
The position most commonly used during childbirth was
the Sims position, which entailed lying on the left side of
the body with knees bent and drawn up into the abdomen
This position prevented the accoucheur (birth attendant)
and the woman from seeing each other, enabling the
mother to save face in an embarrassing situation for
Victorian women
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Medieval childbirth > Childbirth privacy
20.
21. The relationship between the sick person and the
doctor, especially in the cases of women, was
governed strictly by the belief in the need for
patient privacy
Doctors seldom, if ever, actually examined
female patients, and childbirth procedures were
carried out via a dividing curtain, which
separated the doctor from the mother
The physician was not even allowed to look at
the woman. After the birth, the midwife cut the
umbilical cord at the length of four fingers
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Medieval childbirth > Childbirth privacy
22. The Renaissance, has its impact in childbirth practices
Although, historically, female midwives were making
significant contributions to medical advancement, they were
also accused of witchcraft
The female started losing their control over the maternity
practices to males in the 16th
century with the advance of
anatomical knowledge
Medieval childbirth practices went through extreme
turbulence
The instability in childbirth practice of the medieval era
created a ground for the emergence of modern childbirth
practice
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Medieval childbirth > Renaissance
23. The caesarean section was first reported in England in the 16th
century
In 19th
century development of obstetrics, which encompasses
all aspects of pregnancy, childbirth and its consequences,
evolved as part of the rise of science and technology
This moved the care of the mother and the child from the
home and the midwife, to the hospital and the doctor
Medicalized childbirth has changed the atmosphere
surrounding childbirth from one of a circle of loving support
around labouring women, to one of space-age technology in a
laboratory setting
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Modern childbirth > Medicalization
24. The birth process become more inhumane, with invasive
rituals such as the shaving of pubic hair, strapping down of
arms and legs, and forcing of enemas, and other equally
frightening and potentially more dangerous procedures took
their place. Childbirth interventions multiplied, creating a new
norm, a new measure of reality making a comeback
These changes encompassed a ‘battle of the sexes’ as male
physician’s control over the childbirth process from female
midwives
Some male doctors saw traditional women healers their
commercial rivals. The traditional women healers’ knowledge
about cheap local herb-based medication and their own
unique approach to birthing women and their family
threatened the male doctors
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Modern childbirth > Medicalization
25.
26. The development of medicine as a science, the emergence of
obstetrics, and the shift from home to hospital as the usual
place of parturition, all contributed to an increasing
medicalization of childbirth
While these strategies were seen to be successful in
improving the safety of childbirth, many believed they were
also responsible for the disintegration of women’s sense of
dignity, fulfilment and autonomy during the birthing
experience
The consensus was a good childbirth experience should be
happy and gratifying, as well as safe. For this they started to
demand an active role in the birth of their babies. This marks
the hallmark of post-modern thought
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Modern childbirth > Medicalization
27. Post-modernists felt the need to make
corrections to the domination of science and
technology in what is essentially a natural
process
The introduction of advanced technologies is not
only viewed as a change in childbirth practices,
but also as a matter for debate
There should be some technique that approaches
childbirth from a woman’s perspective. The
mother’s maternal strength and powers need to
be recognized and enhanced
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Postmodern childbirth > Towards nature
28.
29. By looking at these changes, one can see the
evolution of childbirth practice as it developed
from simply a home affair to a techno-
dominated field, and how it is now beginning
to break away from some of the technocratic
medical methods that have been used for
over fifty years
Emergence of Respectful Maternity Care > Defining childbirth
in various historical eras > Postmodern childbirth > Towards nature
30. Conclusion
“And when Lotus had gone to her room he thought to
himself, ‘I did not fear like this when O-Lan bore her first,
my son’, And he remembered that day. And how she had
gone alone into the small dark room. And, how alone, she
had borne him sons and daughters, and borne them
silently. And she had come out to the fields and worked
beside him again. Yet here was this one, now, the wife of
his son, who cried like a child with her pains, and who had
all the slaves running about the house and her husband by
her door. And he remembered, as one remembers a dream
long past, how O-Lan rested from her work and fed the
child, sitting on the ground in the sunshine. And this
seemed too long ago ever to have happened”. (The good
earth, Buck 1963: 112)