The document discusses the relationship between drug trafficking and conflict, focusing on Afghanistan. It recognizes states' sovereignty and the expansion of the drug trade. It encourages cooperation between states like Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan to control borders and monitor drug flow. It also supports implementing strict law enforcement, providing alternative jobs, and curbing demand through rehabilitation programs, education, and media campaigns.
The report notes that transnational organized crime groups are active in some illicit wildlife markets, where they exploit inconsistencies and weaknesses in regulation and enforcement, adapting their methods and routes continuously to evade detection and prosecution. Corruption also plays a key role in undermining regulation and enforcement actions against wildlife trade
The report notes that transnational organized crime groups are active in some illicit wildlife markets, where they exploit inconsistencies and weaknesses in regulation and enforcement, adapting their methods and routes continuously to evade detection and prosecution. Corruption also plays a key role in undermining regulation and enforcement actions against wildlife trade
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
1. Council: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Date: March 15th, 2012
UNODC/Res/A/1
Topic: Relationship between drug trafficking and conflict
with a special focus on the case of Afghanistan
Sponsors: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, People’s Republic
of China, Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of
Iraq, Libya, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Islamic
Republic of Pakistan, Russian Federation, Tunisian
Republic
1 Recalling the principles outlined in the United Nations’ Charter highlighting the
2 importance of maintaining international peace and security,
3
4 Recognizing the importance of the sovereignty of all member states,
5 Noting the continuous expansion of the illegal drug trade and its violent nature
6 accompanied by the raging conflicts that surround it,
7 Recalling Article 4, Clause 1 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in
8 Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances which states “Each party shall take such
9 measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences it has
10 established when:
11 a) The offence is committed in its territory,
12 b) The offence is committed on board a vessel flying its flag or an aircraft which
13 is registered under its laws at the time the offence is committed,
14 c) The offence is committed by one of its nationals or by a person who has his
15 habitual residence in its territory”,
16 Reiterating Article 7, Clause 2 of the aforementioned convention pertaining to Mutual
17 Legal Assistance which states the following methods of aiding member states:
18 a) Taking evidence or statements from persons,
19 b) Effecting service of judicial documents,
20 c) Executing searches and seizures,
21 d) Examining objects and sites,
22 e) Providing information and evidentiary items,
23 f) Providing originals or certified copies of relevant documents and records,
24 including bank, financial, corporate, or business records,
25 g) Identifying or tracing proceeds, properties, instrumentalities, or other things
26 for evidentiary purposes,
27 Realizing the importance of combating the illegal drug trade and the urgency of tackling
28 the case of Afghanistan,
29 Noting the success of the widespread rehabilitation programs in Afghanistan,
30
2. 31 Encouraging any member state that has implemented or is able to implement successful
32 drug enforcement policy to assist Afghanistan, as long as it does not threaten the internal
33 security of the nation,
34
35 Stressing that inciting military conflict in any of the drug trading nations is counter-
36 productive for efforts to combat the issue,
37 The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime hereby;
38
39 1. Encourages member nations that if military assistance is required to aid Afghanistan
40 with regards to combating drug trafficking it should do so under the condition that it
41 operates in unison with Afghani forces;
42
43 2. Calls for the co-operation between states within The Golden Crescent, which include
44 Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, to take stringent measures to control their borders and
45 monitor the current drug trafficking situation within the area by implementing the
46 following:
47 a) Exchange of intelligence and specific information regarding the flow of illicit
48 drugs,
49 b) Exchange of military and security resources needed for border safety and control;
50 3. Supports the implementation of a strict and effective law enforcement system that
51 includes, but is not limited to:
52 a) Focusing on suppressing the use of illicit drugs that may in turn incite criminal
53 behavior,
54 b) Creating incentives directed at underprivileged individuals affected by or involved
55 in the illicit drug trade, by providing them with improved government services
56 and opportunities, given that they agree to abide by the state’s anti-drug policies,
57 c) Allocating revenues from fines imposed on drug users to the development of
58 prevention and treatment programs;
59
60 4. Recommends alternative jobs to be provided to maintain the financial livelihoods of
61 those entirely dependent on the drug industry, such as:
62 a) The use of opium resources for medicinal purposes, thus providing a legal and
63 socially beneficial alternative to the current usage,
64 b) Providing crop alternatives (i.e. vegetables, cash crops) to maintain their
65 livelihood whist introducing crop rotation and other sustainable agricultural
66 schemes to improve the industry;
67
68 5. Urges member nations to curb illicit drug demand by the following measures, but not
69 limited to:
70 a) Enhancement of existing rehabilitation programs to ensure that recovering addicts
71 do not return to drug abuse and are effectively reintegrated into society,
3. 72 b) The inclusion of the negative effects and consequences of illicit drug consumption
73 in school curriculums at an early age,
74 c) Strengthening the role of the media to combat this problem by educating the youth
75 and displaying a consistent message that drug use is wrong and unacceptable.