This is my original research on Role of internet use on "Sexual behaviour of Adolescents and Youths in Kathmandu"

1. Principal Investigator and Presenter:
Surendra Kumar Bohara
YUWA general member
Supervisor: Raj K. Subedi
Date:17th February, 2015
1

2. Background of the topic
• Adolescent and youth (A&Y) is the age for reorganization for sexuality (Fortenberry 2013)
• A&Y sexual health is affected by various factors including those of social, mental, physical,
emotional, technological, political, vocational, communication, economic.
• Sexual Health is a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to
sexuality (Anna Glasier et al. 2006; WHO 2006) to have responsible, safe and satisfying
sexual life.
• Internet is the key medium to development of sexual behavior
of A&Y Viz. Abstinence, masturbation and partnered sex(Fortenberry 2013)
• A&Y are standing at the center of risk to internet use
2

3. Need statement
• Internet has become means for liberalism(Kaye Wellings et al. 2006) and sexual
socialization(Alison Parkes et al. 2013) for A&Y
• Internating for A&Y = Social media use = self-presentation/self identity (Byron et al. 2013)
• Internating is associated with early puberty and frequent masturbation, vaginal sex, oral sex,
increased sex partners, STI, permissive sexual norms, sexual crimes (Roman H. Gebremeskel et
al. 2014; Susannah Allison et al. 2012)
• Internating only 2 % in Nepal, of which 6 % use internet every day in Urban, of which large
proportion of internet is used for chatting purpose in Nepal (63% for male and 72 % for female).
Pornography material visiting among male was only 1.93 percent in urban and 2.79 percent in
Rural (MoHP 2012)
• Those who look X-rated materials are six times more likely to report forcing someone to do
something sexual online than those who are not exposed to X-rated materials(Hughes 2014).3

4. Objectives of Research
General:
To study the role of internet use on the sexual behavior of the adolescents and youths in Kathmandu.
Specific:
• To describe the socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents and youths of Kathmandu
• To explore the status of internet use, and purpose among the adolescents and youths in Kathmandu
• To describe the role of internet on Knowledge, Attitude of sexual behavior of adolescents and youth in
Kathmandu.
• To find the role of pornography on sexual behavior of adolescents and youths in Kathmandu.
• To describe the deviated sexual behaviors initiated by social media among adolescents and youths.
• To recommend the concern authority about the internet based risk
factors determining sexual behavior of adolescents and youths in Kathmandu.
4

5. Research Questions
• What are the characteristics of Adolescents and youths who use Internet in Kathmandu?
• Is there any role of internet in enhancing sexual behavior (SB) among adolescents and youths
of Kathmandu?
• How and What knowledge on sexual behavior can lead to practicing sexual activities?
• How and What attitude from internet can youths get to enhance sexual activities?
• What is the role of pornography on sexual behavior, and situation of deviated SB?
• What is the situation of masturbation among adolescents and youths in Kathmandu?
• What recommendations can be made for concerned authority if there is found any problems
on internet security and safety?
5

6. Conceptual framework
• Adolescent/ youth
peer
influence/parental
control
• Internet use
Purpose/owernership/type
/Social media
use/youtube/internet
addiction/frequency/porn
sites
• Sexual behavior
types/love/affairs/BF/GF/online
purposes/Sexual desire and
intercourse/frequency/sexual
permissiveness/texting/sexting/
pornography/online
dating/cyberbullying/sexual
deception/sexual crimes
Socio-demographic
characteristics
Knowledge, attitude
towards sex, sexual
sensitization
6

7. Methodology
Study Design
Cross-sectional descriptive study design under mixed method
Study setting
Site: Kathmandu (Specifically schools and colleges)
Study population
School/college going Late adolescents and Youths (15-24 years age group)
Unit of analysis
Individual students 15-24 years
7

8. Sampling procedure and sample size
• Simple Random sampling and systematic sampling
• On the basis of exclusion and inclusion criteria
• Size of school/colleges (42) from WHO guideline (10%) of representative sampling in case of
institutions based study
• STATA version 1.1 for Random number generation for 42 school/colleges out of 415
schools/colleges
• Sample size of participants is calculated by the formula of qualitative study with prevalence of
sexual behavior among adolescent and youth as 50 percent and allowable error of ±0.05 at 95
percent confidence level.
n= 1.1*[{Z2P(1-P)}/d2]
8

9. Data collection, analysis and interpretation
Techniques
• Self-administered questionnaires, Key Informant Interview, Case stories (from Facebook, directly from
respondents, friend’s circle, Television programs
Tools:
• Questionnaires, KII guideline
Validity and Reliability
• Techniques and tools will be developed with the direct supervision of Department of Public Health, CiST College.
• Self-administered Questionnaires will be developed based on the national standard, and revised as per the
purpose of this study adopted by international organizations like, WHO, CDC, GIZ, Family Health Division of
MoHP.
• The consistency and accuracy will be checked after each day of data collection.
• Double entry of data will be done in a systematic way.
• Data validation command will be used in data entry in Excel.
• Data storage and retention will be clearly the systematic one.
• Data analysis and interpretation will be done in SPSS 20 software. 9

10. Data collection, analysis and interpretation
Data entry:
• MS-Excel (2013)
Data analysis:
• SPSS 22
Ethical Considerations
• Approval from College Ethical Review Committee
• Ethical Approval from NHRC
• Written Informed consent while administration
• Plus Parental consent form for below 18 students
10

11. Data collection, analysis and interpretation
Limitation of the study
• Very few literatures available in context to Nepalese adolescents and youths hence, literature
review in Nepalese context can be the limitation of this study.
• Adolescents and youths out of colleges will not be included in this study.
• The Sampling frame of colleges will be taken from the registered colleges in internet. Colleges
Out of registration will not be included in sampling frame and hence excluded in sampling.
11

12. Findings
12
Sex Ratio (Male/Female): 0.86

13. Findings…
13
Mean= 19.65 years
Median, Mode= 20

14. Findings…
District belongingness of A&Y:
• Kathmandu= 36.6 percent
• NA=9.9
• Other 59 Districts= 53.5 percent
14
Table 5: Religion wise distribution of A&Y in Kathmandu
Religion Frequency Percent
Hindu 378 89.4
Buddhist 25 5.9
Islam 4 0.9
Christian 12 2.8
Kirant 4 0.9
Total 423 100.0

15. Findings..
Table 3: Distribution of Marital Status of respondents with their level of Education and Gender
Education level with Gender
Marital status
Married Unmarried Living together
Count Percent % Count Percent % Count Percent %
Total
M/F
To
tal
Intermediate M 1 0.2 61 14.4 1 0.2 63
F
0 0 62 14.7 0 0 62
12
5
Bachelor 1st year M 0 0 18 4.3 0 0 18
F 2 0.5 26 6.1 0 0 28 46
Bachelor 2nd Year M 1 0.2 37 8.7 0 0 38
F 2 0.5 48 11.3 0 0 50 88
Bachelor 3rd year M 1 0.2 38 9.0 0 0 39
F 3 0.7 41 9.7 0 0 44 83
Bachelor 4th year M 0 0 25 5.9 0 0 25
F 2 0.5 25 5.9 0 0 27 52
Master level M 1 0.2 12 2.8 0 0 13
F 1 0.2 15 3.5 0 0 16 29
Total 14 3.30% 408 96.5% 1 0.20% 423
42
315

16. Findings…
Table 6: A&Y distribution based on their engage status with their education
Engaged in
Intermedi
ate level
Bachelor
1st year
Bachelor
2nd Year
Bachelor
3rd Year
Bachelor
4th Year
Master
Level Total
Volunteer in
Organization 7.10% 1.20% 4.70% 3.80% 2.60% 1.20% 20.60%
Media 2.40% 0.20% 0.90% 0.90% 0.20% 0% 4.70%
Business 1.90% 0.50% 1.90% 1.20% 1.40% 1.40% 8.30%
Teaching 2.10% 0.90% 1.20% 1.40% 0.70% 0.20% 6.60%
Office based
job 1.70% 1.20% 2.60% 2.10% 0.70% 0.20% 8.50%
16

17. Findings…
Table 7: Distribution of Residing Status of A&Y in Kathmandu
Frequency Percent
Parents, mother/father in law 233 55.1
Husband/wife 8 1.9
Brother/sisters 82 19.4
With relatives 33 7.8
With my employer 3 0.7
Residing Alone in Rent 27 6.4
Residing alone in own house 2 0.5
Staying together with Boyfriend/girlfriend although
not married
1 0.2
Hostel 30 7.1
With friends 2 0.5
Others 2 0.5
Total 423 100 17

18. Findings…
Table 11: Accessibility of modern means of communication to A&Y in
Kathmandu
Frequency Percent
Access to car 28 6.70%
Access to motorbike/scoter 147 35.20%
Access to personal mobile 369 88.30%
Access to PC 274 65.60%
Access to internet 386 92.30%
Access to radio 218 52.20%
Access to TV 296 70.80%
Access to newspaper 257 61.50% 18

19. Findings..
Table 12: Percentage distribution of media preference among A&Y
Gender
Male Female
Highest preference
to media use
Radio 0.7% 1.7%
Internet 34.2% 34.0%
Newspaper/magazi
ne 0.7% 1.7%
Television 7.1% 11.4%
Books/scholar/jour
nal 3.3% 5.2%
P-value
At 4
df 0.159
Lowest preference
to media use
Radio 24.7% 28.2%
Internet 1.1% 0.5%
Newspaper/magazi
ne 4.0% 5.9%
Television 4.0% 3.2%
Books/scholar/jour
nal 12.0% 16.5%
P-value
At 4
df 0.529
19

20. Table 12: Percentage Distribution of use and preference of media for sexual information
Gender
Male Female
Do you use media for sexual information
No 9.00% 25.10%
Yes 37.40% 28.40%
P-value At 1 df 0.000
highest preference to media for sex info
Radio 1.10% 1.80%
Television 1.80% 4.20%
Newspaper 1.80% 2.10%
Books/scholar/journals 1.80% 6.30%
Internet 50.20% 29.10%
P-value At 4 df 0.000
lowest preference to media for sex info
Radio 40.30% 25.60%
Television 2.30% 2.30%
Newspaper 3.10% 3.90%
Books/scholar/journals 9.70% 10.50%
Internet 1.20% 1.20%
P-value with gender At 4 df 0.356 20

21. Table 12: Percentage Distribution of hearing on specific words
Gender
Male Female
Heard about defloration
No 7.40% 15.70%
Yes 39.00% 37.90%
P-value At 1 df 0.001
Source of hearing defloration
Newspaper/magazine 7.10% 4.90%
Social media 3.40% 9.20%
Porn sites 21.50% 3.70%
Friend's circle 18.50% 24.00%
Television 0.60% 4.60%
Parents 0.00% 2.50%
P-value 5 df 0.000
Heard on F***
No 1.70% 6.70%
Yes 45.00% 46.70%
P-value At 1 df 0.001
Source of hearing F***
Newspaper/magazine 3.40% 2.10%
Social media 6.20% 11.40%
Porn sites 16.90% 2.60%
Friend's circle 19.00% 26.20%
Television 3.60% 7.30%
Parents 0.00% 1.30%
P-value At 5 df 0.001
21

22. 22
Table 13: Sexual knowledge, attitude, practice and sexual
permissiveness among A&Y
Description Do you know about ….?
Do you think it.... is
common for people of
your age practice it…?
Do you know if
people of your
age practice
it…..?
Have you ever
done it……for
yourself?
Watching porn videos 305 (77.6%) 279(71%) 290(73.8%) 181(46.1%)
Masturbation 252(64.1%) 216(55%) 208(52.9%) 146(37.2%)
Kissing to get sexual
satisfaction 273(69.5%) 255(64.9%) 269(68.4%) 125(31.8%)
Hugging to get sexual
satisfaction 254(64.6%) 250(63.6%) 253(64.4%) 111(28.2%)
Touching to get sexual
satisfaction 246(62.6%) 226(57.7%) 225(57.3%) 109(27.7%)
Vaginal sexual
intercourse 236(60.1%) 175(44.5%) 178(45.3%) 81(20.6%)
Oral sex 224(57%) 131(33.3%) 153(38.9%) 44(11.2%)
Anal sexual intercourse 184(46.8%) 100(25.4%) 110(28%) 15(3.8%)

23. 23
Table 14: Distribution of variables with gender, age group and education level of A&Y in Percentage
Gender Age of 15 - 24
Male Female 15-19 20-24
Source of information for
SB above
Books/scholarly 1.90% 3.30% 2.40% 2.90%
Social media 5.20% 16.10% 9.80% 11.50%
Porn videos 27.70% 15.40% 17.30% 26.10%
Friend's circle 8.50% 12.80% 10.10% 10.80%
Newspaper 1.70% 0.20% 0.70% 1.20%
Radio/television 1.40% 5.20% 2.20% 4.60%
Parents 0.00% 0.50% 0.20% 0.20%
P-value with gender At 6 df 0

24. Table 14: Distribution of variables with gender, age group and education level of A&Y in Percentage
Gender Age of 15 - 24 Education level
Male Female 15-19 20-24
Intermediat
e
Bachelor 1st
year
Bachelor 2nd
Year
Bachelor 3rd
year
Bachelor 4th
year
Master level
Highest
preference to
Internet use
Social media/FB 32.00% 38.20% 29.50% 41.10% 20.30% 8.40% 13.40% 16.00% 7.40% 4.80%
YouTube videos 7.60% 4.30% 3.40% 8.20% 2.40% 1.00% 2.90% 1.70% 2.60% 1.40%
Porn videos 2.40% 1.40% 2.40% 1.40% 2.10% 0.00% 0.20% 0.50% 0.70% 0.20%
Online dating 0.50% 0.20% 0.50% 0.20% 0.50% 0.00% 0.20% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Electronic
newspaper
0.50% 1.20% 0.70% 1.00% 0.50% 0.20% 0.20% 0.00% 0.50% 0.20%
Search for
academic
knowledge and
information
3.60% 8.10% 6.00% 5.60% 3.80% 1.00% 3.80% 1.70% 1.20% 0.20%
P-value with
gender
At 5 df 0.014
Lowest
preference to
internet use
Social media/FB 1.90% 3.30% 1.40% 3.90% 1.10% 0.00% 2.20% 1.10% 0.80% 0.00%
YouTube videos 1.40% 3.30% 1.40% 3.30% 1.10% 1.10% 0.30% 1.70% 0.00% 0.60%
Porn videos 8.30% 27.30% 14.20% 21.20% 9.40% 3.60% 6.60% 6.90% 6.10% 3.00%
Online dating 16.00% 11.90% 8.90% 19.20% 4.40% 3.90% 7.20% 5.50% 3.60% 3.30%
Electronic
newspaper
13.00% 3.60% 7.80% 8.90% 6.90% 1.10% 3.30% 2.20% 2.20% 0.80%
Search for
academic
knowledge and
Information
6.90% 3.00% 6.10% 3.60% 3.30% 0.60% 2.80% 1.70% 1.70% 0.00%
P-value with
gender
At 5 df 0
Total 47.50% 52.50% 39.80% 60.20% 26.20% 10.20% 22.40% 19.10% 14.40% 7.70%24

25. 25
Table 16: Distribution of A&Y attitude related to internet use and sexual behaviors
Gender
Male Female
Count % Count %
Think you could have BF/GF on Facebook
No 72 17.00% 121 28.60%
Yes 124 29.30% 106 25.10%
P-value At 1 df 0.001
Love to have sexual chatting in SM
No 112 26.50% 196 46.30%
Yes 84 19.90% 31 7.30%
P-value At 1 df 0
Like to join online dating site
No 103 24.30% 190 44.90%
Yes 93 22.00% 37 8.70%
p-value At 1 df 0
Think easy access to X-rated material on internet
No 52 12.30% 114 27.00%
Yes 144 34.00% 113 26.70%
p-value At 1 df 0
Lack information on Sexual Behavior
No 98 23.30% 100 23.80%
Yes 98 23.30% 125 29.70%
p-value At 1 df 0.255
Think A&Ys are vulnerable for internet
No 43 10.20% 37 8.80%
Yes 153 36.40% 187 44.50%
p-value At 1 df 0.158
YouTube have encourage for SB
No 90 21.30% 55 13.00%
Yes 106 25.10% 171 40.50%
p-value At 1 df 0
Porn effect your sexual behavior
No 64 15.20% 100 23.80%
Yes 131 31.10% 86 20.40%
Never seen porn 1 0.20% 39 9.30%
p-value At 2df 0

26. 26
Table 17: Distribution of opinion of A&Ys regarding internet use and sexual behavior
Opinions
Gender
Male (196) Female (227) P-value
Count % Count %
Flirting is common in SM
Agree 152 35.90% 181 42.80%
Disagree 20 4.70% 11 2.60%
Don't know 24 5.70% 35 8.30% 0.084
Most love proposals are through SM
Agree 131 31.00% 184 43.50%
Disagree 39 9.20% 22 5.20%
Don't know 26 6.10% 21 5.00% 0.003
Internet can change attitude towards SB
Agree 163 38.50% 146 34.50%
Disagree 20 4.70% 18 4.30%
Don't know 13 3.10% 63 14.90% 0
Unwanted sex is fostered by Facebook use
Agree 78 18.40% 67 15.80%
Disagree 69 16.30% 55 13.00%
Don't know 49 11.60% 105 24.80% 0
Internet is best source of information for Youths
Agree 168 39.80% 152 36.00%
Disagree 17 4.00% 34 8.10%
Don't know 11 2.60% 40 9.50% 0
SM can increase in number of love and sex partner
Agree 129 30.50% 141 33.30%
Disagree 31 7.30% 29 6.90%
Don't know 36 8.50% 57 13.50% 0.214
Porn increase masturbation frequency
Agree 143 33.80% 93 22.00%
Disagree 22 5.20% 7 1.70%
Don't know 31 7.30% 127 30.00% 0
Porn can aggravate Sex crimes among A&Ys
Agree 130 30.70% 118 27.90%
Disagree 29 6.90% 7 1.70%
Don't know 37 8.70% 102 24.10% 0
Sex materials in internet misguiding A&Ys
Agree 119 28.20% 142 33.60%
Disagree 40 9.50% 23 5.50%
Don't know 37 8.80% 61 14.50% 0.005
Need for policy guideline on internet use and SB of A&Ys
Agree 147 34.90% 182 43.20%
26 6.20% 6 1.40%Disagree
Don't know 23 5.50% 37 8.80% 0

27. 27

28. Internet Accessibility and use..
28
Table 21: Internet using behavior of A&Ys in Kathmandu
How long using internet in
month(s)
Hour(s) in a day spend on
internet
Mean 36.1 3.2
Median 30 2
Mode 36 2
Std. Deviation 27.5 3
Minimum 1 0
Maximum 240 30
• Accessibility to more than 92 percent A&Y
• Internet facility at home is more than 94 percent
• Internet ownership among 82 percent A&Y

29. 29

30. 30

31. Topics mostly visited by A&Y on internet
31

32. 32
Have Account on Facebook among A&Ys was 99 percent

33. A&Y perception on influence of internet use on their SB
33

34. Internet use for..
34

35. Table 24: Cross-tabulation between Gender and purpose of internet use
Purpose of meeting
people with same
belief
Purpose for
finding long
term relation
Purpos
e just
for fun
Purpose for
information
and knowledge
Purpose for
self-desire and
dignity
Male Count 98 24 130 128 64
% 23.4% 5.7% 31.1% 30.6% 15.3%
Femal
e
Count 82 13 146 132 47
% 19.6% 3.1% 34.9% 31.6% 11.2%
Total Count 180 37 276 260 111
% 43.1% 8.9% 66.0% 62.2% 26.6%
35
84 percent were satisfied with their internet use

36. 36

37. 37

38. Love relations and internet use
Table 31: Distribution of time spend by A&Y with their love partner
Responses
N Percent
Spend time chatting 134 50.6%
Spend time dating new places 78 29.4%
Spend time visiting disco/cinema 28 10.6%
Spend time working together 25 9.4%
Total 265 100.0%
38
• 48.5 percent were found in love relationship in this research
• 30.5 percent looking for new love relationship

39. 39

40. 40

41. Sexual conduct
Table 33: Distribution of various modes of sexual proposal among A&Y
Gender
Totalmale Female
Sex proposal with cash/present Count 17 9 26
% of Total 9.6% 5.1% 14.6%
Sex with threatening/force Count 5 3 8
% of Total 2.8% 1.7% 4.5%
Sex using drug/liquor Count 5 3 8
% of Total 2.8% 1.7% 4.5%
Sex showing porn videos Count 25 5 30
% of Total 14.0% 2.8% 16.9%
Sex proposal via Facebook/Social media Count 64 68 132
% of Total 36.0% 38.2% 74.2%
41

42. Table 35: Descriptive statistics of various sexual conducts
Age at
first
sexual
intercours
e
Number of
commercia
l sex
partners
Number of
coercive
sex
partner
Number
of casual
sex
partner
Age of
first sex
partner
Age at
first
watched
porn
videos
Previous
time
watched
porn (in
hour)
Mean 18.03 3.14 2.30 2.63 18.89 15.44 68.93
Median 18 1.50 1 1 18 16 18
Mode 20 1 1 1 18 16 10
Std.
Deviation
2.56 4.52 2.83 3.92 3.94 2.69 154.69
Minimum 10 0 0 0 4 7 0
Maximum 24 20 8 20 35 22 1000
42
28 percent A&Y ever had Sexual intercourse

43. 43
Table 36: Cross-tabulation of sexual practice with internet related variables
Have sexual intercourse with anyone
No Yes
Count % Count %
Access to internet
No 23 5.60% 11 2.70%
Yes 276 66.70% 104 25.10%
Total 299 72.20% 115 27.80%
P-value At 1 df 0.534
How often use internet
Once daily 61 14.80% 27 6.60%
Twice daily 76 18.40% 22 5.30%
More than 3 times a day 117 28.40% 52 12.60%
Once in 2 days 17 4.10% 5 1.20%
Once in 3 or more days 26 6.30% 9 2.20%
Total 297 72.10% 115 27.90%
p-value At 4 df 0.583
How often use FB
More than twice a day 150 36.90% 63 15.50%
Once daily 88 21.60% 30 7.40%
Once in 2 days 23 5.70% 5 1.20%
Once in 3 or more days 33 8.10% 15 3.70%
Total 294 72.20% 113 27.80%
p-value At 3 df 0.506
Have you ever practiced watching porn
No 180 43.70% 24 5.80%
Yes 98 23.80% 82 19.90%
No response 19 4.60% 9 2.20%
Total 297 72.10% 115 27.90%
p-value At 2 df 0

44. 44
Table 40: Gender wise distribution of Pornography among A&Y
Gender
Male Female Total
Count % Count % Count %
Feel addicted towards
watching porn videos
No 153 37.00% 215 52.10% 368 89.10%
Yes 43 10.40% 2 0.50% 45 10.90%
p-value At 1 df 0
Search for Sex videos on
YouTube
No 94 22.50% 188 45.10% 282 67.60%
Yes 101 24.20% 34 8.20% 135 32.40%
p-value At 1 df 0
Feel Hungry for sex
More than once daily 23 5.50% 3 0.70% 26 6.20%
Once in 2 days 18 4.30% 3 0.70% 21 5.00%
Once in 3 days 16 3.80% 1 0.20% 17 4.10%
Once in a week 75 18.00% 40 9.60% 115 27.60%
I never feel 63 15.10% 175 42.00% 238 57.10%
p-value At 4 df 0
Think to have sex with
someone while watching porn
videos
Definitely not 21 5.00% 64 15.40% 85 20.40%
Probably not 13 3.10% 19 4.60% 32 7.70%
Don't know 38 9.10% 84 20.20% 122 29.30%
Probably yes 86 20.70% 44 10.60% 130 31.30%
Definitely yes 38 9.10% 9 2.20% 47 11.30%
p-value At 4 df 0
Watched porn with
Boyfriend/girlfriend
No 150 36.00% 199 47.70% 349 83.70%
Yes 46 11.00% 22 5.30% 68 16.30%

45. 45
Table 41: Gender wise distribution of Masturbation among A&Y
Gender
Male Female Total
Count % Count % Count %
Practice
masturbation
No 49 11.80% 175 42.00% 224 53.70%
Yes 147 35.30% 46 11.00% 193 46.30%
p-value At 1 df 0
How often do
you practice
masturbation
Once daily 24 5.80% 2 0.50% 26 6.20%
Twice or more
times daily
5 1.20% 0 0.00% 5 1.20%
Once in 2 days 25 6.00% 0 0.20% 25 6.00%
Once in 3-6
days
36 8.60% 4 1.00% 40 9.60%
Once in a week 55 13.20% 41 9.80% 96 23.00%
I never
masturbate
51 12.20% 174 41.70% 225 54.00%
p-value At 5 df 0

46. 46
Table 43: Gender wise distribution of Sexual crimes on internet
Gender
Male Female Total
Count % Count % Count %
Have heard on
sexual crimes
No 19 4.50% 24 5.70% 43 10.30%
Yes 177 42.30% 198 47.40% 375 89.70%
p-value At 1 df 0.708
Victim of online
fraud
No 180 43.10% 204 48.80% 384 91.90%
Yes 16 3.80% 18 4.30% 34 8.10%
p-value At 1 df 0.984
Experienced
bullying on internet
No 160 38.30% 182 43.50% 342 81.80%
Yes 36 8.60% 40 9.60% 76 18.20%
p-value At 1 df 0.926
You’re your
Friends ever
suffered sexual
crimes
No 145 34.80% 160 38.40% 305 73.10%
Yes 50 12.00% 62 14.90% 112 26.90%
p-value At 1 df 0.599

47. Discussion
• There are widespread concerns that on the internet, adolescents are
especially vulnerable and take more risks than adults. However, research
supporting this concern is still missing. (Susanne E. Baumgartner et al.
2010)
• This research has found average internet users (in hours a day) as 3 hours,
where as among US A&Y it was 2 hours a day, and authorities were found
worried on it(Harbaugh 2010).
47

48. Discussion..
• In today’s media environment, information is not simply passed from producers
to consumers, but is mediated by participants of new media cultures, including
information on sexual health (Byron et al. 2013)
• “Social media is platform for freedom to everyone”. A fat, 80kg, girl/boy has
freedom to upload zero figure. A grandmamma can enjoy her puberty.
• Facebook has been linked to 1 out of every 5 divorces (Twitter 2014)
• It is an unavoidable act to use social media for A&Y, and almost difficult to break
the attachment between teens and screen. A research has found 73 percent of
12-17 years teens using Facebook(Ali 2014).
48

49. “काठमाडौं उपत्यका भित्र ककशोर-ककश्वोरीहरु ब्याबशाहहक यौन
संपकक का लागि उपलब्ध छन। थप जानकारी को लागि
९८०८९६९९२१/९८०८९७०१११ मा फोन िननकहोला।”
49

50. “This is an era of technology. It is a good thing but it should not be misused.
Making friends on Facebook, falling in love and then breaking up. This all is not
good. They should limit it to studies and not use it in the wrong way.“ Said Tikait,
Muzaffarnagar, UP 2014
50

51. Discussion
Figure 29: Cycle of pornography Source: (Brown 2008)

52. Laws and provisions on internet safety in Nepal (CWIN-Nepal 2010)
• The Nepal’s Children’s Act 1992, Article 16, states that children should not be
involved in immoral professions, which includes taking photographs of
children, producing, distributing or exhibiting such for the purpose of
engaging a child in immoral profession. This includes publishing, exhibiting or
distributing photographs or personal events or descriptions of a child
tarnishing the character of a child.
• The draft Nepal’s Child Rights Act, 2064 identifies child pornography as an
act of abuse against children which is an improvement from the current law.
• Electronic Transaction Act 2063- First Cyber Law in Nepal
52

53. Conclusion
• Respondent’s (A&Y aged 15-24) Sex ratio was taken as 0.86 with mean age of 19.65 years.
• Most A&Y respondents were from Kathmandu followed by other 59 districts
• Internet accessibility was found among almost 93 percent of A&Y
• A&Ys using media for sexual information were found 65.8 percent with highest preference to
internet and lowest to radio
• Knowledge and attitude of A&Y towards various sexual behavior and statements was found in
higher proportion than practicing them with gender wise significant association
• 42 percent of A&Y have administered on their perception on negative effects of internet use on
their sexual behavior
• Mean age appropriate for sex was found as 22 years.
• 37 percent A&Y would like to join Application on sexual behavior
• 54 percent chose internet as best option for information on sexual behavior
• Sex proposals encountered by A&Y in Facebook was found among 74.2 percent

54. Conclusion..
• Mean age first sex was found as 18 years
• Mean age at first watched porn was 15 years
• Mean hours previously watched porn video was 68.93 hours
• Out of 115 percent having sexual intercourse, 104 (25.1 percent of total) were found
to have using Internet
• 77 percent know about porn, and 46 percent practice watching porn
• 64 percent know on masturbation and 46 percent practice it
• 90 percent have heard on sexual crimes, 8.1 percent were victim of online fraud
• 27 percent told their friend have ever suffered sexual crimes. 18 percent told they
experienced cyberbullying
“The oldest business of ‘prostitution’ has now busting and blooming through internet
as ‘Pornography’”. 54

55. Conclusion
55

56. Motivation for A&Y in Social Media like Facebook
56

57. Recommendation to Governmental Authority
• Government don’t have information on youth diversity in Kathmandu, so this should be meet through use of
technology and researches.
• Clear definition of A&Y with changing technology is needed.
• International laws ad regulations in safe internet use need to be gear up.
• Legal Regulations regarding pornography, punishment to perpetrators is needed at national level.
• Special police (like the cyber cell in India) needed to be installed for execution of cyber law.
• Youth sexual behavior should be guided through Sexual info Apps
• Internet safety issues should be prioritized through planning and programs.
• Means of recreation like sporting, religious sensitization can be promoted to attract A&Y.

58. Recommendation..
To the Parents:
• Friendliness behavior is what today’s A&Y are expecting, hence, parents should marched
to provide such environment.
• Parents need to walk with their children on using safety precautions on social media
• “Don’t stop A&Y, rather guide them”
• Monitoring and supervision of their children’s internating behavior should be considered.
To the Academic places
• Promote server and promote engineering methods creating learning environment to the
students
• Duration and age limits for social media use at academic sites

59. Recommendation..
To researchers
• Further, research on social media use, pornography and online sexual crimes should be
focused particularly in urban areas.
To NGOs
• Special projects are needed to workout on the technological aspect of A&Y’s sexual
behavior.
• Should make environment for positive growth on A&Y involvement
• Focus on awareness programs on positive aspect of internet use
• Work on innovation of technology on promoting SRH of A&Y
To A&Y
• Track your time: make sure you are not wasting it
• Limit account in social media platform: understand their diversity and functions well
• Prioritize the activities

60. Work plan
60
S.N. Activities July August September October November December
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1. Topic selection
2. Literature review
3. Proposal development
4. Preparation of tools
and technique
5. Data collection
6. Data entry, analysis
and interpretation
7. Draft report preparation
8. Thesis presentation
9. Final report submission

61. References
• Ajit Pradhan and M. Strachan (2003). Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health In Nepal. Status, Issues, Policies and programs.
• Ali, U. (2014). Research on Negative Effects of Using Social Media, slideshare.
• Alison Parkes, Daniel Wight, et al. (2013). "Are sexual media exposure, parental restrictions on media use and co-viewing TV and DVDs
with parents and friends associated with teenagers’ early sexual behaviour?" Journal of Adolescence 36: 1121-1133.
• Ana I. Balsa, Néstor Gandelman, et al. (2010). The Impact of ICT on Adolescents' Perceptions and Consumption of Substances, Inter-
American Development Bank (IDB).
• Anderson, J. and L. Rainie (2014). Digital Life in 2025, Pew Research internet project.
• Anna Glasier, A Metin Gülmezoglu, et al. (2006). "Sexual and reproductive health: a matter of life and death*." The Lancet.
• Bradly, L. (2014). "People Don't Hate Millennials: They hate 21st century technology." from
http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2014/12/you_don_t_hate_millennials_you_hate_21st_century_technology.html
.
• Broderick, R. (2014). "Here’s How A Fake Feminist Hashtag Like #EndFathersDay Gets Started And Why It’ll Keep Happening." from
http://www.buzzfeed.com/ryanhatesthis/end-fathers-day-and-feminist-troll-accounts#.kxxw2EnXOA.
• Brown, J. M. (2008). THE ENEMY IN THE SCREEN: A COLLECTIVE CASE STUDY ON PERPETRATORS OF INTERNET CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN.
Virginia, Liberty University.
• Byron, P., K. Albury, et al. (2013). "It would be weird to have that on Facebook”: young people’s use of social media and the risk of sharing
sexual health information." Reproductive Health Matters 21(41): 35-44.
• CBS (2012). Nepal in Figures 2012, National Planning Commission secretariat, Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Nepal.
61

62. References
• CWIN-Nepal (2010). Nepalase Cyber Law and Children.
• Debaise, C. (2014). "10 Interestinf Facts About Pornography That will Blow more than Just your Mind." from
http://www.omgfacts.com/lists/16080/10-Interesting-Facts-About-Pornography-That-Will-Blow-More-Than-Just-Your-Mind.
• DeBaise, C. (2014). 13 Internet Facts That Will Boggle Your Mind. #proves Just How Horny Everyone Is, OMF FACTS.
• Dhakal, P. (2013). Male not only Practice Masturbation. Naya Patrika, Swasthya Khabar Patrika.
• DoHS (2014). Annual Report, Management Division of Ministry of Health and Population.
• Edition, P. (2014). "The age of Consent: How young is too young?" Laws on teenage sex are converging. So is thinking about their purpose,
from http://www.economist.com/news/international/21632522-laws-teenage-sex-are-converging-so-thinking-about-their-purpose-how-
young-too?fsrc=scn/tw/te/pe/howyoungistoyoung.
• Ferguson, S. (Oct. 28 2014). "Inspiration Porn: Why We Need to Stop Tokenizing Survivors." from
http://everydayfeminism.com/2014/10/survivor-stories/.
• Fortenberry, J. D. (2013). Sexual Development in Adolescents. Handbook of Child and Adolescent Sexuality. Indianapolis, Elsevier: 171-
192.
• Gautam, M. (2011). Facebook becoming a ruling passion among Nepali Internet users. eKantipur, eKantipur.com.
• Gautam, N. (2009). "History of internet in Nepal." Retrieved Sep 04, 2009, from http://www.nirmal.com.np/home/history-of-internet-in-
nepal.html.
• GON (2008). The Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (2008). 27.
• Harbaugh, E. R. (2010). "The effect of Personality Styles (Level of Introversion-extroversion) on Social Media Use." The Elon Journal of
Undergraguate Research in Communication 1(2).
62

63. References..
• JA. Carroll and R. L. Kirkpatrick (2011). Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Behavioral Health in California. Oakland, California
Adolescent Health Collaborative
• JANIS WOLAK, DAVID FINKELHOR, et al. (2004). "Internet-initiated Sex Crimes against Minors: Implications for Prevention Based on
Findings from a National Study." Journal of Adolescent Health 35(5): 11-20.
• Jones, L. M., K. J. Mitchell, et al. (2012). "Trends in Youth Internet Victimization: Findings From Three Youth Internet Safety Surveys 2000–
2010." Journal of Adolescent Health 50: 179-186.
• Kaye Wellings, Martine Collumbien, et al. (2006). "Sexual behavior in context: a global perspective." Lancet 368: 1706-28.
• Lenhart, A. (2014). Dating and Mating in the Digital Age: Relationships and Technology in the modern era. Miami, FL, Pew Research Center.
• Live, A. (Nov. 18, 2014). "Girl student caught performing live sex from university library." from
http://www.abplive.in/lifestyle/2014/11/18/article440507.ece/Girl-student-caught-performing-live-sex-from-university-library.
• LIVE, A. (Nov. 19, 2014). "Khap wants ban on WhatsApp, FB for youngsters." from
http://www.abplive.in/crime/2014/11/19/article441218.ece/Khap-wants-ban-on-WhatsApp-FB-for-youngsters#.VGyVI2dadfR.
• Mahle, D. (Feb. 27, 2014). One Man’s Journey: How I Stopped Watching Porn for One Year and Why I’m Not Going Back, Everyday
Feminism.
• MoHP (2012). Nepal Adolescents and Youth Survey, Population Division of Ministry of Health and Population, Nepal.
• Monica Das Gupta, Robert Engelman, et al. (2014). The Power of 1.8 billion Adolescents, Youth and the Transformation of the Future,
UNFPA.
• N S Musacchio and M. Forcier (2008). Adolescent Health. Chicago, Elsevier: 33-48.
• Naresh Khatiwada, Pushkar Raj Silwal, et al. (2013). Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Youth in Nepal: Trends and
Determinants. Further Analysis of the 2011 Nepal Health and Demographic Survey, Ministry of Health and Population. 63

64. References..
• NepaliTimes. (2010). "Govt. to ban huffingtonpost.com." from http://www.nepalitimes.com/blogs/thebrief/2010/10/28/nepal-bans-
huffingtonpost-com/.
• Nicole Stone, Roger Ingham, et al. (2003). "Knowledge of Sexual Health Issues among Unmarried yound people in Nepal." Asia-Pasafic
Population Journal 18(2): 33-54.
• NPHC (2012). National Population and Housing Census 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics 1.
• Parajuli, D. S. (2013). Types of Sexual deviant behaviour. Swasthya Khabar Patrika. Kathmandu.
• Paudel, D. R. (2013). "Attitude on Premarital Sex, Marriage and Family Size among Adolescents in Pokhara Valley." JHAS 3(1): 60-63.
• Pawson, H. (2014). 7 Things I Want My Son To Know About Porn. Everyday Feminism.
• Pediatrics, A. A. o. (2011). "Social Media and Kids: Some Benefits, Some Worries ", from http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-
press-room/Pages/Social-Media-and-Kids-Some-Benefits,-Some-Worries.aspx.
• Pfeiffer, C., M. Kleeb, et al. (2014). "The use of social media among adolescents in Dar es Salaam and Mtwara, Tanzania." Reproductive
Health Matters 23(43): 178-186.
• Pokhrel, D. S. K. (2014). Masturbation: Need or compulsion. Swasthya Khabar Patrika.
• Post, K. (Dec.12, 2013). Growth rate of internet users doubles in Q1. Kathmandu Post.
• Purdy, C. H. (2011). "Using the Internet and Social Media to Promote Condom Use in Turkey." Reproductive Health Matters 9(37): 157-165.
• R B Sah, A Ghimire, et al. (2012). "Knowledge and attitude on sexual behaviour among school adolescents." Sexual Behaviour among
School Adolescents 10(3): 224-228.
• Ram Hari Aryal and U. P. Adhikary (2001). Adolescents and Youth in Nepal.
• Ram Sharan Pathak and T. Pokharel (2012). "SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH IN NEPAL." Nepal
Population Journal 17(16): 121-131.
64

65. References..
• Rauniyar, R. (Nov. 18, 2014). Using Social Media: consciously. My Republica.
• Report, P. (2013). Growth Rate of Internet users doubles in Q1. The Kathmandu Post.
• Reuters and I. Kalnins. (Oct. 5, 2014). "Europol warning: ‘Internet of Everything’ could lead to ‘online murder’ by end of 2014." from
http://rt.com/news/193312-first-online-murder-cybercrime/.
• Roman H. Gebremeskel, Krysten Sessoms, et al. (2014). "SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND ADOLESCENT RISK TAKING BEHAVIOR." Poster
Presentation 54.
• Rosenberg, K. P., S. O’Connor, et al. (2012). "Sex Addiction: An Overview." Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy.
• Saptahik (2014). Sexual desire expressed through Facebook. Saptahik: Nepali National Weekly. 10.
• service, H. N. (2012). Cyber crime a growing security threat: Police say they are ill-equipped to deal with it. The Himalayan Times.
• Seth Nolan, Sharon Rubart, et al. (2014). Negative Effects of Social Media: Cyberbullying, slideshare.
• Simardeepvath (2013). Negative impacts of Social Media, slideshare.
• Singhania, Y. (2014). Effects of Social Media on Youth, slideshare.
• Suris, J. C., C. Akre, et al. (2014). "CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG ADOLESCENTS ACCESSING PORNOGRAPHY ONLINE." Poster Presentation
54.
• Susannah Allison, Jose A. Bauermeister, et al. (2012). "The Intersection of Youth, Technology, and New Media with Sexual Health: Moving
the Research Agenda Forward." Journal of Adolescent Health 51: 207-212.
• Susanne E. Baumgartner, Patti M. Valkenburg, et al. (2010). "Unwanted online sexual solicitation and risky sexual online behavior across
the lifespan." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 31: 439-447.
65

66. References..
• SwasthyaKhabar (2013). Amazing Sex Facts of Adolescent. Swasthya Khabar Patrika.
• SwasthyaKhabar (April 5, 2013). Do you have Sex Addiction. Swasthye Khabar Patrika.
• SwasthyaKhabar (May 30, 2014). Watching Porn Video contracts mental ability.
• TeachSansar. (2010). "Nepal bans major websites in name of controlling adult sites." from
http://techsansar.com/technology-in-effect/nepal-bans-major-websites-in-name-of-controlling-adult-sites/.
• Thapa, S. and V. Mishra (2003). "Mass Media Exposure among Urban Youth in Nepal." Asia-Pasafic Population Journal
18(1): 5-28.
• Tuladhar, S., K. R. Khanal, et al. (2013). Women's Empowerment and Spousal Violence in Relation to Health Outcomes in
Nepal. Further Analysis of the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Population.
• V.Sithira and Y.-Y. Nguwi (2014). "A Study on the Adolescent Online Security Issues." International Journal of
Multidisciplinary and Current Research 2.
• Watch, C. (2014). Making Blue film in Nepal: Uncontrolled super market for Blue films in Nepal: the actress incentives from
ranges from 5 hundred to 25 thousand. Kathmandu Sagarmatha Telivision.
• Weissmann, J. (2014). "A Viral Study Says Porn Is Killing Marriage. Here's why its Pure Bunk." from
http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2014/12/22/study_says_porn_is_killing_marriage_the_research_is_bunk.html.
• WHO (2006). Defining Sexual Health: Report of a technical consultation on sexual health 28–31 January 2002, Geneva.
• WHO (2011). mHealth: New horizons for Health through Mobile technologies, Global Observatory for eHealth Series. 3.
• Wikipedia. (2014). "Kathmandu." 66

67. Thank you for Listening 
Let’s discuss????
67