The document discusses the examination system of Kathmandu University (KU) in Nepal, with a focus on the deflection system. It provides background on KU's constituent campuses and affiliated colleges. Examinations at KU include internal evaluations and final evaluations. The deflection system cancels a student's internal marks if their internal score exceeds their final exam score by more than 25%. Research was conducted through interviews, questionnaires, and literature reviews. Questionnaire results found most students feel deflection negatively impacts their grades, while faculty views were more mixed. The document examines arguments for and against deflection and potential reforms.

1. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
Dhulikhel, Kavreplanchowk
Nepal
Research Essay
On
Needs of Deflection system in Examination of Kathmandu
University
Submitted to
Mr. Hem Raj Kafle
Department of Humanities and Management
Kathmandu University
Submitted by
Sujeet Kumar Jha
Ist year, 2nd semester
Electrical and Electronics (Communication)
Date: - 12-01-2014

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic
No.
Topics Page No.
1 INTRODUCTION
List of the constitute and affiliated college of KU
1
1
2 Examination in the KU
Internal Evaluation
Final Evaluation
1-2
2
2
3 Focus of the Research
Impact of the deflection on the student
3
3
4 Methodology
Interview
Student Opinion
Faculty Opinion
Book/Brochure/Research paper
Internet
4
4
4
4
4
4
5 Questionnaire Sample 5
6 Representation of questionnaire in Chart 6-7
7 Findings
Suggested Improvements in Deflection system
8
8
5 Conclusion 4
List of Illustration Page no
Chart 1. Graphical representation of question no 1 in column format 6
Chart2: pie chart showing the option of the student about question no 2 7
Chart 3. The pie diagram showing illustrated view of the question 3 7
Chart 4: Illustrative chart representing the answer of question no. 4 8
Abbreviations
KU Kathmandu University
MCQ Multiple choice Questions
CGPA Cumulative Grade Point Average
TU Tribhuvan University

3. ABSTRACT
An examination is special test to see how good someone is at something.
In widest sense, to examine somebody or something is done by several method. In similar way a
University examine their students by taking examination in many ways and method. Since KU is
not an exception, it also conducts examination at various time, level, method etc. Ensuring the
real evaluation of the student KU Adopt the method called deflection. In short it is rule by which
the balance is created between the score of the student in internal evaluation and final evaluation.
Since the deflection is the most controversial rule in KU. The time to time the different student
raise their voice against it. It is the kind of fear that raises in the mind of the student. In the
proposal we discuss in detail about the following things
 Introduction to the deflection
 Scope of the deflection
 Advantage of the deflection
 Disadvantage of the deflection
 Reform needed in the deflection
These details are based on decent research using the method such as interview, Questionnaire,
Study of different journal, books, research etc. We take the student opinion to draw the exact
figure of reality which dig out the conclusion.

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express our heartiest gratitude to Mr. Hem Raj Kafle, Assistant
professor, Department of Humanities and Social Science, Kathmandu University,
for his earnest attention for the topic selection. Apart from this I would also like to
thank him for giving his opinions and direction in order to accomplish our task which
could not be possible without his valuable suggestions and his regular
encouragement with advice.
We are grateful to Mr. Sudeep Gaywali (Assistant controller of Examination, Kath-
mandu University) for giving us his valuable time at interview cannot accomplish
my task in given time without his sincere support.
I would like to acknowledge my colleague, seniors, faculties and staffs at
Kathmandu University, for giving their valuable time in filling questionnaire. Their
valuable suggestion and view is act as raw material for the research. I would also
like to thank Mr. Manish Karn, Mr. Bibek Raj Pangeni and Mr. Kushal Kessi for
their technical assistance to complete the recommended research essay in time.

5. 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Kathmandu University is the Nepal’s third oldest University established in the year 1991
A.D. It is the first non-governmental private University established by the act 34 of the year
2048 BS. Its head office is in Dhulikhel ward no-7, Kavreplanchowk. The university provides
undergraduate and postgraduate programs in the fields of engineering, science, management,
arts, education and medical sciences. (Wikipedia, 2014)
The University has the following constitute campuses.
 School of Medical Sciences
 School of Engineering
 School of Management
 School of Social Science
 School of Education
 School of Arts & Humanities
 School of Science
In a similar way the Kathmandu University grants the affiliation to the following medical
colleges to run program under the School of Medicine.
 Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara
 Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu
 Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu
 College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur
 Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj
 Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar
 Lumbini Medical College, Palpa
 Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu
There also some college operating under the grants of School of Management
 Kathmandu College of Management, Kathmandu
 Little Angel’s College of Management, Kathmandu
 Nepal College of Management, Kathmandu
 St. Xavier College(BSW),Kathmandu
 National College Centre for Development Studies, Kathmandu
Out of these affiliated college Kathmandu University has no more affiliated college running
under the constituent except School of Medicine and School of Management. Since it has
fewer affiliated college in comparison to Tribhuvan University, Pokhara and Purvanchal
University.
2. Examination in KU
Examination is define as the (Wikipedia , 2014) “ is an assessment intended to measure a test-
taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, or classification in many other topics
(e.g., beliefs). A test may be administered orally, on paper, on a computer, or in a confined area
that requires a test taker to physically perform a set of skills”
The way of the examination in which KU evaluate their students’ performance are
 Multiple Choice Question/ Objective type

6. 2
 Written Examination
 Practical Examination
 Open book Test
 Problem Solving/ Project Work
 Viva
Ku practice the semester system in all of its academic program i.e. there is two final qualifying
exam held in a year. Time of examination vary according to the subject and school. The
examination is further divided into two category in Kathmandu University i.e.
 Internal Evaluation( In- Semester Examination)
The certain percentage of total mark of the credit is reserved in the hand of
corresponding instructor to give their students which finally added to the total marks in
the final board exam. The category of division of internal mark vary per subject as well
as the instructor. The internal examination evaluation is carried on the basis certain test
and the factors such as
 Internal Examination ( one or more than one time in semester)
 Assignments
 Attendance & Behavior
 Certain percentage of the internal mark is dived into the above listed categories. Internal
examination may be took place in any way i.e. listed above.
 Final Evaluation (End- Semester Examination)
The final evaluation is also called in local terms “Board Exam” i.e. the remaining
exam of the mark left from the internal evaluation of particular subject. It is take place
under the university level. The exam is conducted for everyone under same school at
same time probably same place. The end-semester examination, the structure of the
question paper of all course than those designated as practical shall be as follows’.
Table 1.1
Number of
items/
questions
Mark for each
item/question
Total Mark Duration
Objective test 15 1 15 20 mins
Short answer
question
6 5 30
2 hours and 40
mins.
Long answer
question
3 10 30
Total 24 - 75 3 hours

7. 3
From the above tables it is clear that the two types of questions is asked in the exam
objective test and written test. The allocated for both is the 3 hours. The total marks
may be vary according to the nature of the subjects.
3. Focus of the Research
Since the background study of the research is written above. Now, we concentrate on the focal
point i.e. deflection system in examination. Hence according to the Sudeep Gawyali, Assistant
controller of Examination (Gaywali, 2014) “ counting of a student’s in-semester assessment
mark for the purpose of grading them in a course is subject to the student’s percent in the
internal assessment not exceeding the percent they score in the end-semester examination by
more than 25 percent. If the percent of the in-semester mark is greater than 25 percent than
percent the student has obtained in the end-semester examination, their in-semester assessment
mark will be cancelled and there will be graded by giving 100 percent weight to their end-
semester examination mark.” That the process of cancelling student’s internal mark and
awarded him with total mark that they score in final is called deflection.
 Impact of the Deflection on the student
Since the deflection is the nightmare for the students because it drastically decrease
their mark in the particular subject. It ultimately reduce the total CGPA of the student.
In other word, one who suffer the deflection he/she get remarkable less CGPA in the
the case if he don’t get. For more clarity the following case illustrated
Table 3.1
Case Marks in
Internal
(Obtained/Total)
Marks in
Final
(Obtained/Total)
Deflection
?
(Yes/No)
Grade in
case of
deflection
Grade
without
deflection
1 23/25 41/75 Yes C B
2 18/25 41/75 No - B-
 Above two case shows that the same student score same marks in final but in case 1 in
internal he scores higher than case 2 but due to deflection he scores grade C where on
case 2 he scores grade B- in spite he scores less marks than case 1. This happens only
due to the deflection system but in case absence of deflection than case than case 1
scores grade B.
 This shows that the deflection decrease the grade of the student in spite of being scored
the highest mark which is the main qualifying status of the student.
 This is the main reason behind the clash between the admistration of KU as well as
student group. The removal of deflection is demanded by students union time by time
where it is imposed by admiration.
The main focus of my study to reach the conclusion that what is the need of deflection system
in KU. Should it removed or not? What is the improvement is needed for this system?

8. 4
4. Methodology
Since the study is about “Need of the deflection system in KU” so in the research we adopt
the following methodology to get idea, logic, statements, proves, hypothesis, assumption etc.
.
 Interview
The research is begin with the interview with the,
He provides his valuable output about the deflection system in the KU. He defines
deflection. Its need and reason for being adopted by the University.
 Student Opinion
The research also takes the output from the limited students up to 40 which includes average of
5 from each departments. I tried my best to select the students of diversity in the level of study
as well as the performance. The students who suffer from the deflections also included in the
list. They give their output through the questionnaire (topic 5, page).Some of them filled
questionnaire in hardcopy where most of them filled in softcopy through e-mail and social
networking sites.
 Faculty Opinion
Since the faculty act as the bridge between the students and the examination. Since, the output
of the faculty also seems important for the research. Due to certain limitation I can only get the
data from few faculty. But it is also important and contribute lot in the research.
 Books/Brochure/Research Paper
Since none of the research can be completed without going through these things. In central
library of KU several books, brochure of different universities, previous research paper etc.
Which help to add global point of view in the research about the deflection. It also gives clear
idea about the background of Kathmandu University.
 Internet
Since internet proves boom for the research it not only deduct the cost of the research
but also saves the valuable time of the research. Since it connects the students of the
KU in one to many as well as many to one connection. Through this I get help from
those student who is unknown to me.
Not only it serves in the getting the data of the research but also it provides the important
data of the well-known Universities which is long far from me by physical distance as
well as from my information and knowledge. The study of the different universities
following deflection and not following deflection system in short period is only done
through the help of the internet.

9. 5
5. Questionnaire Sample
QUESTIONAIRE
NEEDS OF DEFLECTION SYSTEM IN KU
(JUST GIVE TICK MARK √)
1. For you why there is deflection system in Kathmandu University (KU)?
a. Regulating the smooth study of the students.
b. Checking the efficiency of the teacher.
c. Just copy of foreign Universities.
d. Both (a) and (b).
2. Is the deflection system in KU is good for the students?
a. Yes b. No
Why? (Briefly)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. What is the appropriate range of deflection?
a. 0 – 10 %
b. b. 0 - 25%
c. c. 0 - 50 %
d. d. None
4. Should deflection system be removed?
(a) Yes (b) NO
5. If q. (4) answer is No then what improvement in the deflection system should be
made?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Designation
(FACULTY/STUDENT)

10. 6
6. Representation of questionnaire in Chart
The survey is carried among the 60(approx.) members including students, faculties of the
KU. Every multiple choice question is represented in the chart diagram which gives the clear
glimpse of the data in short time.
 Q.1. For you why there is deflection system in Kathmandu University
(KU)?(from page no. 7)
Chart 1. Graphical representation of question no 1 in column format
From the above chart we can see that the 19 % of the students in the survey choose option a,
26% choose option b, 40% choose option c and 15% choose option d as their answer. In case
of faculties 45% choose their answer as option a, 26% as option b , 28% as option c and
remaining as option from above chart it is conclude that point agreement is shown between the
faculties and student at option b and d i.e. checking the efficiency of the teacher and both a and
b. If we talk about both views separately then majority of the student choose option c i.e. just
copy of the foreign Universities and faculties choose option a i.e. regulate the smooth study of
the student
 Is the deflection system in KU is good for the students? (page no. 7)
In the pie chart below the combine view of the students as well as represents in the pie chart
which shows that the 72 % of the total member take part in the survey says that the deflection
system is not good for the students where the 28 percent of the total people says that the
deflection system is good for the students. In addition to that they state their reason for their
state which we discuss later below the pie chart which says about the member view.
19
26
40
15
45
15
2
28
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
a b c d
Percentage
Answer of the question no.1
students Faculties

11. 7
Chart2: pie chart showing the option of the student about question no 2
 Q.3. What is the appropriate range of deflection? (page no 7)
Chart 3. The pie diagram showing illustrated view of the question 3
Since the result of the survey says that the 0% of the member of the survey is agree with
deflection range (0-10%), 8% person agrees with the current range of the deflection where 12
% agrees with the increase in range of deflection i.e. (0-50%) where the majority of them says
that there is no limit of the deflection range. In other word the discard the deflection system in
any condition. May be some of them agrees with deflection if the range of deflection is increase.
yes
28%
No
72%
ANSWER TO Q.NO 2
yes No
0% 8%
12%
80%
Answer to the Question no. 3
0 - 10 % 0-25 0-50 none

12. 8
 Q.4. Should Deflection system should be removed ? (Page no.7)
Chart 4: Illustrative chart representing the answer of question no. 4
7. Findings
Since after every yes/no questions I ask why to all in order to base of the ground on which
they claim that whether it is yes or no .I am listing the remarkable statements of reasons
which support the deflection and also which stand against the deflection.Therfore, the
analysis to each of the statement is also stated.
Reasons supporting the deflection
 Regulating the smooth study of the students
Since due to deflection student gives equal concentration to all subjects throughout the
duration of their study. So that there is smooth result in their internal evaluation as well
final evaluation so that they don’t have to suffer from the deflection. In other way
student only send the internal mark to the board which is capable of the students.
 Checking the Moral ground of the instructor
It is difficult task to teaching and it is more difficult to make all the student understand
the lecture. Then anyone can be lured by the bypass to the duties. In order to avoid the
complain of the student instructor use internal evaluation as the bribe to the student.
They give high mark to everyone so that everyone is pleases with him and excuse the
instructor. But deflection is obstacle for this type of mean tricks. The student can’t be
bribed so that ultimately the instructors have to do their duty regularly and honestly.
68%
32%
Answer to question 4
Yes No

13. 9
 Monitoring the affiliated college to the KU
Since the all of the affiliated college to the KU is private. They are established with the
hidden motive of money. The source of their income is the student in their college. If
there is no deflection system, they bias to their student and give them full score which
ultimately increase their grades. It is beneficial to college in a way that it increase the
number of the students which add source of income. It check the biasness of affiliated
college towards the students.
Reason against the deflection
 Frustrating factor to the students
The most frustrating factor to the student is the deflection since, it deduct the mark in
spite of their hard work and labor. It also encourages student to score average mark in
internal evaluation which also creates the negative impact to whole of their study.
It becomes trend that before sending the internal mark teacher used ask the students if
anyone need to deduct their mark. Surprisingly there are the students who stand for the
decreasing their mark. These mark is obtained with their hard work. It is most
frustrating factor for the students.
 It demoralize the students
Since due to fear of the deflection the student avoid the giving full output to the internal
evaluation. They either leave the assignment or do unwell in examination. Since it is
also seen that some of the instructor not always ready for the decreasing the mark. In
that case the students try to score the marks. It also hampers the performance of the
students in final exam.
 Creates the negative relation between faculty, students and university
Since the students are here in the university to study and score the grades. The deflection
is one of the factor which hampers their grades and also the study of the students. From
the research it is observed in the research that the students who suffer from the
deflection is the students who is good in their students. It creates the negativity in mind
of the students towards the university. It creates negative harmony between the
university and the students. This is the main reason behind clash between University
and different student union.
Suggested improvements in the deflection
Since in the survey there is the tail question for whom who wants that deflection system
should exist with the certain improvement. The suggested improvement are the
 There should be prior and proper orientation about the deflection system to the
student in the orientation so that they can make up their strategy for their study.
 There should be proper and adequate information about the deflection in the
website as well as the brochure of the KU which helps to aware the students.

14. 10
about the deflection system since, it is found nowhere in the websites.
 The deflection system should be applied to the particular subject only such as
practical subject which consists major of evaluation from the internal
assessment only
 The range of deflection should be increase and keep between 30-40% so that
there will be less suffering
7. Conclusion
Since from the research it is came to known that the majority of the students is not happy
with the deflection system currently prevailing in the KU. Since it targets the good as well as
the average student which are well in study. Since practice is alone in KU throughout the
country. Since the logic behind the keeping the deflection system is not so important and can
be replaced by the alternative methods. Since other Universities are running smoothly without
the deflection (Rampant, 2011). The list of conclusion derive from the research are
 Since the KU has limited number of affiliated collegesi which falls under category of
Medical and Management only. Since it is very sensitive subject matter so the biasness
of the college towards the student cannot exceeds the limit that they just gives false
evaluation to their student. This will defame the reputation as well as hamper the
capabilities of their students. It has long term negative effect on the college itself. So
there is no need of deflection to regulate affiliated college since the evaluate their
student on only the base of merit.
 Since as earlier stated that the KU has only limited number of affiliated college running
under Medical and Management affiliation. Since there is no affiliated college of school
of science and school of engineering. But the deflection system is also imposed on
them. And also in spite of presence of deflection there is also presence of biasness of
some instructor towards student is prevailing in the University. This shows that the
deflection system is not well functioning to achieve objectives and motives.
 But it is also can’t be said that the deflection system should be completely removed
whether it needs some reform to eradicate its negativity the improvement is illustrated
earlier in research. It is hoped that after implementing those reforms will help enhance
the understanding the positive aspects of the deflection.
__________________________________________________
i. The List of the colleges is listed in 1. Introduction (page no 1).

15. 11
8. References
Gaywali, S. (2014, 05 26). Assistant Examination Controller. (S. K. Jha, Interviewer)
Rampant, V. (2011). List of Indian Universities. Delhi: Society of Indian Universities.
Wikipedia . (2014, 05 02). Wikipedia free encyclopedia. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_(assessment)
Wikipedia. (2014, June 01). wikipedia free encyclopedia. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathmandu_University