The document discusses the research process and provides definitions and examples of different types of research. It describes basic research as focusing on developing new knowledge without practical application, while applied research aims to address specific problems. Some key points made include: - Basic research seeks to develop theories without immediate application, while applied research aims to solve practical problems. - Research can be exploratory to identify questions, descriptive to provide observations, or explanatory to test theories. - The research process involves selecting a topic, developing questions, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating results.

1. Research Process:
An Introduction

2. Motivation:
Do you know how to make a
coffee?

3. Research Process:
An Introduction

4. RESEARCH
• A systematic,objective and comprehensive
investigation of certain phenomenon which
involves accurate gathering and recording and
critical analysis and interpretation of all facts
about the phenomenon for critical or practical
ends. (Ardales,2001)

5. SOCIAL RESEARCH
• Is a process in which a researcher combines a
set of principles, outlooks, and ideas with a
collection of specific practices, techniques and
strategies to produce knowledge. (Neuman,
2007)

6. USES OF RESEARCH
• There are 4 important things to consider in
conducting a specific type of research :
1)The use of Research
2)Purpose of the Study
3)Time Dimension of the Study
4)Data gathering method or technique to be
used

7. The use of Research
Social Research has 2 main uses:
1.To develop and produce new knowledge about
the social world.
2. To address a specific issue and concern and
provide an answer or solution to a problem
affecting a person, group,community and society
in general

8. The use of Research
1.BASIC RESEARCH
• Focuses on the advancement and
production of new knowledge.
• Used by academicians and
scientists, the primary consumers
of such research.

9. 1.BASIC RESEARCH
• According to Neuman,it has the
following characteristics:
a.Its goal is to refute or support theories
that explain how the social world works,
what causes things to occur, why society
changes and why social relations operate in
that manner

10. 1.BASIC RESEARCH
• According to Neuman,it has the
following characteristics:
b.It lacks practical application
c.It provides a foundation for the
advancement of knowledge in remote extra
space various fields of study and policy
areas.

11. d.It provides explanations and is a source of
methods, theories, frameworks and
concepts to understand the causes of how
people act or think.
e.It is bounded by scientific method and
requires the highest degree of academic
scholarship

12. f. The research problems and topics are
varied and diverse
g.The results are usually published in
scholarly journals, books and other
academic publications or presented in
academic conferences.

13. 2.APPLIED RESEARCH
• It focuses on addressing a specific
concern or usually offers a solution
problem.
• Results are used in the decision-
making process of the company or
organization.

14. Neuman (2007) gives the following
characteristics:
a.Research conducted is part of the job
b.Research problems are very specific
according to the demands of the superiors.
c.Rigors and standards of scholarships
depend on the use of research results

15. Neuman (2007) gives the following
characteristics:
d.The goal of research is to provide
generalizations to areas of interests of the
sponsors
e.Success is determined when the sponsors
used the research results in decision-
making.

16. Neuman (2007) gives the following
characteristics:
f.Applied research results are not publicly
disseminated or published in journals and
are usually made available to only a few
decision-makers, practitioners or research
sponsors.

17. EXAMPLES OF APPLIED RESEARCH
1. EVALUATION RESEARCH STUDY
• This study is done to assess the
effectiveness of a program,policy or
campaign.
• In this study,decision makers and
researchers define the scope and
objective of research.

18. EXAMPLES OF APPLIED RESEARCH
2.ACTION RESEARCH STUDY
• This research study treats knowledge as a
form of power and abashes the division
between creating knowledge and using
knowledge to engage in political action.

19. 5 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS:
a.The people being studies are actively
participating in the research process.
b)The study includes ordinary or popular
knowledge
c.The research focuses on power issue

20. 5 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS:
d.The study wants to raise consciousness of
people about issues.
e.The research is connected to a plan or
program of action

21. EXAMPLES OF APPLIED RESEARCH
3.SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT RESEARCH
STUDY
• Gives the possible effects or outcomes of
a planned intervention or probable
changes that might happen in the future.

22. B. PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
Researchers conduct studies for different
reasons.Social research has different
purposes, the most common of which are :
1)Exploratory research
2)Descriptive research
3)Explanatory research

23. 1)Exploratory research
• Most social research studies are
conducted to explore a topic.
• A Researcher looks into new area to
identify a specific question that can
be addressed in future research.

24. • According to Earl Babbie (2013),it
has the following purposes:
1.To satisfy the researcher’s curiosity
and desire for better understanding

25. 2.To examine the viability of
undertaking a more extensive study
3. To develop the methods to be used
in future studies.

26. 2.DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
• It aims to describe situations and
events.
• The researcher observes and
provides a description of what he or
she has observed.

27. Neuman, 2007 provides the following
functions of descriptive research:
a)Provides a detailed and accurate
picture of the situation
b)Clarifies a sequence of steps or
stages

28. Neuman, 2007 provides the following
functions of descriptive research:
c) Documents a causal process or
mechanism
d)Reports on the background or
context of a situation

29. 3.EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
• Identifies the sources of social
behavior,beliefs, conditions and
events.

30. According to Neuman(2007),
explanatory research has the following
goals:
a)To test the predictions or principles
of a theory
b)To elaborate and expand the
explanation of a theory

31. c.To extend or develop a theory to new
issues or topics
d.To support or contradict an
explanation
e.To connect issues or topics with a
general principle or theory
f.To determine which of the
explanations is considered the best

32. STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS
1.Selecting a topic
2.Identifying the research question
3.Developing a research design
4.Gathering or collecting data
5. Analyzing data
6. Interpreting data
7. Communicating research design