Music videos are typically made through a post-production process involving editing footage, adding visual effects and sound design. They serve to promote and market new songs, developing the artist's brand and star persona. Famous music video directors like Joseph Kahn create highly creative and artistic videos that help popularize songs. While average music video budgets range from $500 to $1250 per day of production, some large-budget videos like Britney Spears' "Toxic" cost over $1 million to produce. Audiences can now access music videos through various platforms like television, YouTube, social media and music downloads on services like iTunes.

1. RESEARCH INTO
THE MUSIC VIDEO
INDUSTRY

2. How are music videos generally made?
What is the production process?
Post – Production:
This is a part of filming, video
production and photography. It is
mainly know of from motion
picture, television programs,
radio programs, advertising,
audio recording and digital art.
This is the term for all stages of
production that are happening
after the shooting and recording
Post-production is many different processes grouped under
one name. These typically include:
• Video editing the picture of a television program using
an edit decision list (EDL)
• Writing, (re)recording, and editing the soundtrack.
• Adding visual special effects - mainly computer-
generated imagery (CGI) and digital copy from which
release prints will be made (although this may be made
obsolete by digital-cinema technologies).
• Sound design, sound effects, ADR, foley and music,
culminating in a process known as sound re-recording or
mixing with professional audio equipment

3. What is the purpose of a music video for
the companies / artists that make them?
Why Artists Produce Music
Videos?
• Promote a single (that will
create their star persona)
• Increase the profile of the
artist
• To develop a brand of the
artist
• Extension of income
• Modern music videos were originally made and used as
marketing device intended to promote the sale of music
recordings
• Music videos come to play a central role in the marketing of
an act or artist
• Stars used music videos to represent their star image and
star power for example Madonna owed a great deal of her
success to the skilful construction and seductive appeal of
her videos
• They are often used to set a certain mood and atmosphere of
the song

4. Who are some famous music video
directors and why are their videos so
well known / successful?
Famous song director of Pop
music:
• Joseph Kahn (Taylor Swift –
Out of the Woods)
• Xavier Donald (Adele – Hello)
• Parris Goebel (Justin Bibber –
lose yourself)
Joseph Kahn:
• Joseph Kahn, is a Korean American film (Power
Rangers) and music video director
• Kahn has worked with various artists such as U2, Lady
Gaga, Shakira, Aaliyah, Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Mariah
Carey, Christina Aguilera, 50 Cent, Britney Spears,
Taylor Swift, Eminem, Janet Jackson, Maroon 5, and
Katy Perry, and recently directed four Taylor Swift's
music videos
• His music videos are very creative and are considered
to be a work of art

5. How much money is usually spent on the average
music video? Have any been made very cheaply or
are there any that have had huge budgets?
Pop music videos bugged
• Britney Spears (Toxic) - $1
million
• Janet Jackson's (Doesn't
Really Matter) - $2.5 million
• Estimated production costs:
• •Producer fee: $500 – $1250/day
• •Director fee: $500 – $1250/day
• •Camera operator: $500-1000/day
• •Camera equipment rental: $150 – $3500/day
• •Key grip + assistant + lighting gear: $1000 – $1750/day
• •Wardrobe: estimated $20 – $1000/day per character
project
• •City permits: $25 – $1000/day (depending on the city,
exact location, whether roads need to be closed, etc…)
• •Location fees and rentals: $250 – $2500+/day
• •Actors: $200 – $1200/day (each)
• •Extras: $50 – $200/day (each)
• Estimated days of post-production required: 2-3 days
• •Editor fee: $500 – $1250/day
• •Redundant Hard disk archive: $200 – $400
• •Visual FX artist fee: $75 – $150/hour
• •Colorist fee: $100 – $200/hour

6. How do audiences access music videos? Where can
they be seen?
How?
• Television
• Radio
• Social Media
• ITunes (Downloads)
• YouTube
• Television: Remains one of the key ways for audience to
access music videos. Channels such as MTV are dedicated to
broadcasting music videos with different genres to create
the mass audience
• YouTube: Since its launch in 2005, YouTube has been one of
the leading sources of viewing music videos. Independent
and major records artist as well as freelance artists have
been able to enjoy the free service to lunch their music
video to an expected audience. YouTube is available in over
79 countries in the world which presents that is well known
globally
• ITunes: They sell singles, albums, TV program's and movies
at a fee. This fee singles are reaching for the audience that
are prepared for their music . The fee encourage illegal
downloading or going to alternative steaming like Radio or
YouTube