Oral cancer awareness and knowledge in adults attending a dental hospital in ...Apollo Hospitals
Cancer, being one of the most common causes of death after
coronary heart diseases, causes nearly 7 million deaths each
year worldwide and according to WHO, presently, almost 25
million people are suffering from cancer, and by 2020 it is
projected that there may be 16 million new cancer cases and
ten million cancer deaths reported every year.1 In most
countries, one to ten cases per 1,00,000 people are diagnosed
with oral cancer every year. Though, it accounts for only two
percent of all cancers reported worldwide, it is the second
most common cancer in males and the fourth most common
cancer in females in South-Central Asia, accounting for seven
percent of the total cancers diagnosed in this region, ranking
among the three most common types of cancers reported in
the region.2 With 75,000e80,000 new cases of oral cancers
being reported every year, India has the highest prevalence of
oral cancer in the world. According GLOBOCON 2012 report,
oral cancer is a third most frequent cancer after breast and
cervix with an estimated 5-year prevalence rate of 6.6%.3 In
India, Northeast India including Assam accounts for more
than 40% of these cases.4 Oral cancer has a higher cure rate
when detected early and treated accordingly, but unfortu-
nately most oral cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages,
requiring aggressive treatment and associated morbidity,
resulting in higher mortality rates.
Effects of Malocclusion on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL): A C...Ziad Abdul Majid
The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful critical review relating to the effects of malocclusion on the physical, social, and psychological aspects of the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients.
Published by : European Scientific Journal, Vol 11, Issue 21, July 2015
Prevalence of Anamiea and Its Predictors in Pregnant Women Attending Antenata...iosrjce
Background: Anemia impairs cognitive development, reduces physical work capacity and in severe cases
increases risk of mortality particularly during prenatal period. In India, 16% of maternal deaths are attributed
to anemia. However, high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women persists in India despite the
availability of effective, low-cost interventions for prevention and treatment. Aknowledge of them
sociodemographic factors associated with anemia will help to formulate multipronged strategies to attack this
important public health problem in pregnancy.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of anaemia and its predicting factors among pregnant women attending
antenatal clinic at Tertiary care center.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 2014 – September 2014
among 5788 pregnant womens who had been attending antenatal clinic. Red blood cell morphology and Hgb
level determination were assessed following the standard procedures. Socio-demographic data was collected by
using a structured questionnaire. The data entered and analyzed by using the SPSS version 16.0 statistical
software. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Result: Overall prevalence of anemia among the pregnant women was found to be 86.37%. Factors such as
diet, level of education of women and their husbands and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly
associated with the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy.
Conclusion: The present study showed high prevalence of anemia and the majority of them were of the
moderate type (hemoglobin: 10-10.9 g/dl). Low socioeconomic class, illiteracy, Multiparous were significantly
associated with high prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Indian women.
Oral cancer awareness and knowledge in adults attending a dental hospital in ...Apollo Hospitals
Cancer, being one of the most common causes of death after
coronary heart diseases, causes nearly 7 million deaths each
year worldwide and according to WHO, presently, almost 25
million people are suffering from cancer, and by 2020 it is
projected that there may be 16 million new cancer cases and
ten million cancer deaths reported every year.1 In most
countries, one to ten cases per 1,00,000 people are diagnosed
with oral cancer every year. Though, it accounts for only two
percent of all cancers reported worldwide, it is the second
most common cancer in males and the fourth most common
cancer in females in South-Central Asia, accounting for seven
percent of the total cancers diagnosed in this region, ranking
among the three most common types of cancers reported in
the region.2 With 75,000e80,000 new cases of oral cancers
being reported every year, India has the highest prevalence of
oral cancer in the world. According GLOBOCON 2012 report,
oral cancer is a third most frequent cancer after breast and
cervix with an estimated 5-year prevalence rate of 6.6%.3 In
India, Northeast India including Assam accounts for more
than 40% of these cases.4 Oral cancer has a higher cure rate
when detected early and treated accordingly, but unfortu-
nately most oral cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages,
requiring aggressive treatment and associated morbidity,
resulting in higher mortality rates.
Effects of Malocclusion on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL): A C...Ziad Abdul Majid
The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful critical review relating to the effects of malocclusion on the physical, social, and psychological aspects of the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients.
Published by : European Scientific Journal, Vol 11, Issue 21, July 2015
Prevalence of Anamiea and Its Predictors in Pregnant Women Attending Antenata...iosrjce
Background: Anemia impairs cognitive development, reduces physical work capacity and in severe cases
increases risk of mortality particularly during prenatal period. In India, 16% of maternal deaths are attributed
to anemia. However, high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women persists in India despite the
availability of effective, low-cost interventions for prevention and treatment. Aknowledge of them
sociodemographic factors associated with anemia will help to formulate multipronged strategies to attack this
important public health problem in pregnancy.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of anaemia and its predicting factors among pregnant women attending
antenatal clinic at Tertiary care center.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 2014 – September 2014
among 5788 pregnant womens who had been attending antenatal clinic. Red blood cell morphology and Hgb
level determination were assessed following the standard procedures. Socio-demographic data was collected by
using a structured questionnaire. The data entered and analyzed by using the SPSS version 16.0 statistical
software. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Result: Overall prevalence of anemia among the pregnant women was found to be 86.37%. Factors such as
diet, level of education of women and their husbands and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly
associated with the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy.
Conclusion: The present study showed high prevalence of anemia and the majority of them were of the
moderate type (hemoglobin: 10-10.9 g/dl). Low socioeconomic class, illiteracy, Multiparous were significantly
associated with high prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Indian women.
Background- Oral health is a multi-factorial concept, determined by knowledge, behavior, and attitude of a person. Like any behavior carried out daily like a habit, oral health behaviors are also repeated like a habit. The multidimensionality of behavioral change makes studying it, and factors associated with it, a challenge, since there are so many aspects to consider. Objectives- To find an association between the oral health status and socio-behavioral factors among 12-15 years old school children of Belagavi city, India. Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find an association between the oral health status and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescents. One thousand participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. Dental caries, bleeding on probing, dental trauma, enamel fluorosis, intervention urgency was recorded according to the WHO 2013 proforma and the parameters regarding knowledge, attitudes as well as behavior using a closed ended self-designed questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, and linear correlation tests were done. Results- Among 1000 subjects, 767 (76.7%) participants were found to have dental caries and 512 (51.2%) showed the presence of gingival bleeding. Out of a total score of 41, the mean knowledge score was 34.47 (±3.84) for boys and 34.76 (±4.13) for girls. Linear correlation showed that attitude was weakly correlated (r=0.18 and 0.20 respectively) but with a strong statistical significance to knowledge as well as behavior respectively. Conclusion- Attitude when compared separately either with knowledge or behavior showed a weak correlation that was highly significant. Comparison of behavior with caries experience showed a weak negative correlation which was statistically insignificant. Key-words- Oral health, Adolescents, Socio-behavioral, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Evaluation of Syrian Diabetics’ Knowledge Regarding the Two-Way Relationshi...semualkaira
Periodontal disease is considered as a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Both diseases have a bidirectional adverse association. Patient’s self-care of oral hygiene and awareness of periodontal complications of diabetes is an important factor in controlling complications of diabetes.
Evaluation of Syrian Diabetics’ Knowledge Regarding the Two-Way Relationship ...semualkaira
Periodontal disease is considered
as a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Both diseases have
a bidirectional adverse association. Patient’s self-care of oral hygiene and awareness of periodontal complications of diabetes is an
important factor in controlling complications of diabetes.
Vision health an integral part of public health in nigeriaChibuzor Emereole
A article on why vision care should be inclusive in the Nigerian concept of public health. The article provides the avenues through which advocacy, and public-private partnerships can be employed to achieve this feat, in view of the VISION 2020 - Right to Sight by all by the year 2020.
Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Malaria Anaemia among Children Attending ...theijes
Malaria associated anaemia represent a major public health problem. Thestudy considered Out-Patient children at Emergency Paediatric Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Yola aged 6 months-15 years from June to November 2015. Questionnaires were used to collect information relating to gender, age and parents/guardians sociodemographic characteristics. Microscopic examination of Thick and Thin blood films a technique was employed, Pack Cell Volumewas used to screen for anaemia. Of the 168 children sampled, the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia was 29.2% and 26.2% respectively and it was associated with P. falciparum. Malaria infection in relation to anaemia, children with mild anaemia (47.6%) had the highest infection rate. It was observed that malaria infection was higher among males (32.2%) than the females (25.6%), age group 5-9 years (34.2%) had the highest malaria infection and least was ≥15 years (20.0%) but these were statistically insignificant within gender and age of the children and malaria infection (p˃0.05). Higher malaria infection among children whose parents/guardians were unemployed (38.5%), attended primary education (52.6%) and reside in village setting (31.4%). Malaria anaemia in relation to children epidemiological data, males (31.6%), 5-9 years (31.6%) recorded with high prevalence rate while sociodemographic characteristics of parents/guardians, children whose parents/guardians were civil servant (18.9%), attended tertiary education (13.8%) and live in quarters (11.1%) had the least prevalence rate of malaria anaemia. Children gender, parents/guardians occupation and educational qualification were significantly associated with malaria anaemia (p˂0.05). Therefore, parents/guardians sociodemographic factors such as better occupation, higher educational qualification and well layout and refined area of residence reduces the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia in children. There is need to sensitized public on the importance of management of malaria and the possible effects of malaria anaemia on children in order to circumvent the menace.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Clinical study of fundal changes in high myopiaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Correlation between Blood group, Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes, and combina...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Background- Oral health is a multi-factorial concept, determined by knowledge, behavior, and attitude of a person. Like any behavior carried out daily like a habit, oral health behaviors are also repeated like a habit. The multidimensionality of behavioral change makes studying it, and factors associated with it, a challenge, since there are so many aspects to consider. Objectives- To find an association between the oral health status and socio-behavioral factors among 12-15 years old school children of Belagavi city, India. Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find an association between the oral health status and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescents. One thousand participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. Dental caries, bleeding on probing, dental trauma, enamel fluorosis, intervention urgency was recorded according to the WHO 2013 proforma and the parameters regarding knowledge, attitudes as well as behavior using a closed ended self-designed questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, and linear correlation tests were done. Results- Among 1000 subjects, 767 (76.7%) participants were found to have dental caries and 512 (51.2%) showed the presence of gingival bleeding. Out of a total score of 41, the mean knowledge score was 34.47 (±3.84) for boys and 34.76 (±4.13) for girls. Linear correlation showed that attitude was weakly correlated (r=0.18 and 0.20 respectively) but with a strong statistical significance to knowledge as well as behavior respectively. Conclusion- Attitude when compared separately either with knowledge or behavior showed a weak correlation that was highly significant. Comparison of behavior with caries experience showed a weak negative correlation which was statistically insignificant. Key-words- Oral health, Adolescents, Socio-behavioral, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Evaluation of Syrian Diabetics’ Knowledge Regarding the Two-Way Relationshi...semualkaira
Periodontal disease is considered as a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Both diseases have a bidirectional adverse association. Patient’s self-care of oral hygiene and awareness of periodontal complications of diabetes is an important factor in controlling complications of diabetes.
Evaluation of Syrian Diabetics’ Knowledge Regarding the Two-Way Relationship ...semualkaira
Periodontal disease is considered
as a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Both diseases have
a bidirectional adverse association. Patient’s self-care of oral hygiene and awareness of periodontal complications of diabetes is an
important factor in controlling complications of diabetes.
Vision health an integral part of public health in nigeriaChibuzor Emereole
A article on why vision care should be inclusive in the Nigerian concept of public health. The article provides the avenues through which advocacy, and public-private partnerships can be employed to achieve this feat, in view of the VISION 2020 - Right to Sight by all by the year 2020.
Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Malaria Anaemia among Children Attending ...theijes
Malaria associated anaemia represent a major public health problem. Thestudy considered Out-Patient children at Emergency Paediatric Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Yola aged 6 months-15 years from June to November 2015. Questionnaires were used to collect information relating to gender, age and parents/guardians sociodemographic characteristics. Microscopic examination of Thick and Thin blood films a technique was employed, Pack Cell Volumewas used to screen for anaemia. Of the 168 children sampled, the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia was 29.2% and 26.2% respectively and it was associated with P. falciparum. Malaria infection in relation to anaemia, children with mild anaemia (47.6%) had the highest infection rate. It was observed that malaria infection was higher among males (32.2%) than the females (25.6%), age group 5-9 years (34.2%) had the highest malaria infection and least was ≥15 years (20.0%) but these were statistically insignificant within gender and age of the children and malaria infection (p˃0.05). Higher malaria infection among children whose parents/guardians were unemployed (38.5%), attended primary education (52.6%) and reside in village setting (31.4%). Malaria anaemia in relation to children epidemiological data, males (31.6%), 5-9 years (31.6%) recorded with high prevalence rate while sociodemographic characteristics of parents/guardians, children whose parents/guardians were civil servant (18.9%), attended tertiary education (13.8%) and live in quarters (11.1%) had the least prevalence rate of malaria anaemia. Children gender, parents/guardians occupation and educational qualification were significantly associated with malaria anaemia (p˂0.05). Therefore, parents/guardians sociodemographic factors such as better occupation, higher educational qualification and well layout and refined area of residence reduces the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia in children. There is need to sensitized public on the importance of management of malaria and the possible effects of malaria anaemia on children in order to circumvent the menace.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Clinical study of fundal changes in high myopiaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Correlation between Blood group, Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes, and combina...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Research Design.pdf
1. Research Design
health & medical project and need a sample draft to help me learn.
I want you to do a research design for my topic "Road Traffic Accidents in Patients
Diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea"
I have attached a couple files were provided to me how to make a research design with a
sample paper. I am also attaching my hypothesis, lit review, intro to the problem, so the
research design should be based on them.
Requirements: In depth
Top of Form
COMMUNITY WATER FLUORIDATION
Method
This quantitative research/correlational study will demonstrate the continued
effectiveness of community water fluoridation as an oral health intervention to
communities
without access to fluoridated water. Despite decades of evidence supporting the
effectiveness of
water fluoridation, efforts to begin a community water fluoridation program in non-
fluoridated
areas are repeatedly abandoned. Between October 1, 2019 and October 31, 2019, oral
health data
was obtained on children eight years of age participating in their prospective counties
school-
based sealant program. Water fluoridation status, rural/urban status and socioeconomic
status
(SES) was obtained from a parental questionnaire and each child’s zip code. This study
compared eight-year-old children’s decay experience and prevalence between areas with
and
without water fluoridation in Ohio.
Population
The participants for this study were obtained from The Ohio Department of Health’s
(ODH) School-based sealant program (SBSPs) which targets children from low-income
families
who many have difficulty accessing dental care. Oral health data was obtained by
2. convenience
sampling of children participating in their local school-based sealant program. Enrollment is
voluntary and parents were sent a letter requesting their child’s participation in a study
investigating the associations between oral health and systemic fluoride consumption.
Guidelines
for this study included only children that were eight years of age by the examination date
and
had either exposure to systemic fluoride or no exposure to systemic fluoride. Any children
over
or under the age of eight or who were given supplemental fluoride were excluded. Eight-
year-
old children were selected as permanent first molars and incisors have erupted and
overexposure
to fluoride can be exhibited by dental fluorosis indicating previous fluoride contact.
Data Collection Methods
The children that had parental consent to participate in the study and had parental
questionnaire completed, were examined by two dentists, three dental hygienists and four
second-year dental students using standard epidemiologic criteria as outlined by the World
Health Organization. Disease prevalence was defined as the presence of one or more teeth
with
decay that extended into the dentin, that were filled as a result of decay or that was
extracted
because of decay. Disease was recorded as a count of the total number of decayed, missing
or
filled teeth. The deciduous (baby teeth) were identified with “dmft” and permanent
dentition
were identified with “DMFT.” Despite the examiners working or trained to operate under
similar
conditions, examiner calibration was conducted prior to the study.
The level of fluoride in the water was obtained from a database maintained at the facility
which supplies water to Cuyahoga County, the Cleveland Water Department, and kept
updated
by regular communication with the Cuyahoga County Board of Health and the Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency. The optimum concentration of fluoride in the water is
considered to be approximately one part per million (ppm), although this varies slightly
according to mean daily temperatures within a county. Fluoride concentrations for this
study
were categorized as negligible (0.0–0.29 ppm), suboptimal (0.3–0.69 ppm), or optimal (≥0.7
ppm). In Cuyahoga County, Lake Erie naturally has 0.1 to 0.3 mg/L of fluoride. Between 0.7
and
0.9 mg/L is added to the water supply totaling approximately 1.0 mg/L which is designated
by
Ohio Revised Code 6109.20. A small percentage of children in rural Ohio do not have access
3. to
fluoridated water.
Location status was assessed by using Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) from the
United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. The RUCC
classifications
were used to determine if the location was rural or metropolitan. Socioeconomic status was
determined by a parental questionnaire collecting information on household income,
education
attained, occupation and if they had dental insurance. Details included in the consent
comprised
of where the data would be used, identities of participants and families would not be
revealed for
safety and privacy and compensation would not be provided other than the usual services
provided by the sealant program. Other data collected were race, ethnicity and enrollment
in the
Free and Reduced Meal Program (as an estimate of family income.) If a parent did not give
informed consent for the study, it did not exclude children from the sealant program. All
indices
were matched for the zip codes of the child or the zip code of the clinic if the resident code
was
not available.
Hypothesis: Patients diagnosed with severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are more likely
to be involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) than patients without OSA.
Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in the likelihood of patients diagnosed with severe
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and patients without OSA being involved in a motor vehicle
accident (MVA).
The revised hypothesis is that patients diagnosed with severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea
(OSA) will have an increased risk of involvement in a motor vehicle accident (MVA)
compared to patients without OSA. This hypothesis is based on the literature which
suggests that OSA reduces sleep quality, leading to drowsiness and decreased alertness
while driving and increasing the risk of MVA.
The null hypothesis is that patients with severe OSA will not have an increased risk of
involvement in a motor vehicle accident compared to patients without OSA. This null
hypothesis is based on the idea that OSA does not necessarily have a negative impact on
sleep quality, alertness, and driving behavior, and therefore would not lead to an increased
risk of MVA.
4. Literature Review
The association between sleep apnea and the incidence of all types of traffic accidents has
been a subject of increasing interest in recent years, with evidence suggesting that
individuals with the selected pathology are at a higher risk of vehicle accidents compared to
those without the condition. The purpose of this literature review is to examine and
synthesize the current state of knowledge on the topic of road traffic accidents in
individuals diagnosed with all types of severity of OSA. The review will focus on the
magnitude of the problem, the underlying mechanisms linking OSA to road traffic accidents,
and the potential interventions that could reduce the risk of accidents in this population. By
synthesizing the available evidence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive
interpretation of the relationship between severe OSA and road traffic accidents and to
inform future research and interventions aimed at reducing the risk of accidents in this
population.
When it comes to the general population, obstructive sleep apnea (known as OSA) is a very
common disorder that frequently remains untreated. In people in their middle years, the
prevalence of OSA can be as low as 10% and as high as 50% in persons over 60. Cognitive
dysfunction, melancholy, anxiety, memory issues, and sleeplessness are just a few of the
symptoms of OSA. It can also increase your risk of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and
cardiovascular diseases. The effect of OSA on driving is especially alarming because the
condition's extreme daytime drowsiness has been established as a major health risk in both
commercial but also non-commercial transportation. This is because there is a chance that
these conditions might affect alertness, memory, concentration, and nevertheless executive
function, which could raise the risk of traffic accidents (Slowik et al., 2022).
The first element regarding the selected topic which will be approached is that of the
incidence of motor vehicle accidents in groups of patients diagnosed with OSA. As evidence
to the proposed hypothesis for this work, Udholm et al. (2022) used Danish registry data to
explore both the severity, and the risk of traffic accidents in individuals with a diagnosis of
OSA and compared these to a reference cohort. Results showed that selected sample of
patient had an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents compared to the reference cohort.
More than that, it also states that patients with OSA also tended to be involved accidents
that led to more severe outcomes. These values were also confirmed by a study conducted
by Cheng et al., (2021) which investigated the effect of OSA on overall injury risk. One of the
conclusion states that these patients tend to have an overall 83.1% higher risk of overall
injury, with traffic injuries being one of them. The pilot study which was conducted found
5. that 26% of drivers hospitalized after MVAs were at high risk for OSA. The higher rates of
hospital readmission within 1 year of discharge for patients with moderate and high risk for
OSA, compared to the low-risk group, further highlights the need for intervention in this
patient population. Both these statement, further confirm the fact that patients with OSA
tend to be more frequently involved in traffic related accidents.
As previously stated, OSA is characterized by frequent breathing pauses while a person is
asleep. As a result, there are more frequent awakenings and less restorative sleep. People
who have OSA therefore have increased daytime drowsiness as a result of sleep loss.
Constant sleep disruption and poor quality sleep can contribute to weariness, a loss in
general alertness, and worse cognitive performance during the day. This mechanism was
incriminated as a potential risk factor for the higher rates of traffic accidents in this lot of
patients and was further investigated by researchers (Lal et al., 2021). The goal of the study
by Sabil et al., (2021) was to assess the degree to which people with Obstructive Sleep
Apnea (OSA) are more likely to be involved in car accidents than the general population.
Participants got clinical and polysomnographic tests after being chosen from a sleep
research facility. The connections between OSA severity, level of daytime drowsiness, and
other possible risk variables with self-reported motor vehicle collisions and near-misses
were examined by the researchers using a variety of approaches such as driving
simulations, personal questionnaires and also polysomnography. The research, which
included 2,673 OSA sufferers, found that those with untreated OSA (AHI > 5 occurrences per
hour) had a self-reported crash risk that was three times greater (0.05 motor vehicle
accidents every year) than that of healthy people (0.03 motor vehicle crashes per year).
Furthermore, 11% of the OSA-afflicted participants— who were mostly middle-aged, obese
men—reported experiencing an accident as a result of feeling drowsy or dozing off behind
the wheel. 32% of participants admitted to falling asleep behind the wheel, and 26%
reported at least one near-miss brought on by tiredness. The findings also showed a
significant overall relationship between tiredness and a rise in reported near-misses. These
results underline how important it is to identify and treat OSA in order to lower the risk of
car accidents.
In addition to these elements, some studies focused on risk factors for OSA as indirect
causes of increased incidence of traffic accidents. Obstructive sleep apnea has been proven
to be a major risk factor associated with obesity (OSA). The buildup of extra body fat,
especially in the neck and upper airway, which might result in mechanical constriction and
greater resistance to airflow during sleep, is mostly to blame for this connection.
Additionally, obesity may increase the pharyngeal walls' size and ability to collapse, which
can further constrict the airway and raise the risk of sleep disordered breathing. More than
that, a number of metabolic and hormonal alterations linked to obesity may possibly play a
role in the development of OSA. It is crucial to remember that losing weight can enhance
general health and quality of life while also being found to lessen the severity of OSA in
obese people (St-Onge,Tasali, 2021). Pocobelli et al. (2021) conducted a significant study on
the association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and increased risk of vehicle
accidents among non-commercial drivers. The researchers carried out a thorough
evaluation of potential confounding variables such as Body Mass Index to account for their
6. impact on the results. The results of the study were clear and demonstrated a strong
correlation between the presence of OSA and the likelihood of a vehicle accident among
non-commercial drivers.
The findings of Pocobelli et al. (2021) study provide critical insights into the impact of OSA
on driving safety. With the prevalence of OSA on the rise, it is essential to understand the
extent of the problem and take necessary measures to mitigate the risk. The strong link
established between OSA and higher risk of vehicle accidents among non-commercial
drivers support the need for more extensive research in this field to better understand the
underlying mechanisms and develop effective interventions to address the problem. It is
also important to educate individuals about the dangers of OSA and encourage individuals
with OSA to seek medical attention and undergo appropriate treatment. The research did
not, however, look at whether obesity contributed to auto accidents on its own. Later, a
review conducted by Felix et al., (2022) that discovered a connection between obesity and a
greater risk of accidents and serious or fatal injuries filled this gap. They did, however, also
point out that, regardless of fat, treating OSA might enhance driving ability and lower
collision risk. The high incidence of OSA in obese people, which was noted in the research,
raises the risk that obese drivers may fall asleep at the wheel or have other driving-related
impairments, such lower attentiveness, as evaluated by EEG. According to recent research
(Adekolu & Zinchuk, 2022)., obese people with OSA were twice as likely to get in auto
accidents as their healthy counterparts. The prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
has been on the rise, and its impact on driving safety has been of great concern to
researchers. Previous studies have found a strong association between OSA and increased
accident rates among non-commercial drivers, with the severity of OSA being measured by
the Apnea-Hypopnea Index. One key aspect of OSA that has been explored as a risk factor
for driving accidents is the relationship between neck circumference and OSA.
Research has shown that among non-commercial drivers with OSA, a larger neck
circumference and severe daytime sleepiness are highly predictive of a greater collision
risk. Neck circumference is widely used as a measure of obesity, and the association
between larger neck circumference and greater collision risk highlights the need for early
identification and treatment of OSA in obese individuals. On the other hand, another study
found no correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) or hypoxemia and the likelihood of a
collision or near-miss, but did establish a link between crash risk and neck circumference.
This highlights the importance of considering neck circumference as a predictor of
OSArelated driving hazards, in addition to BMI (Wojnowski et al., 2022).
It is crucial to conduct more research on Obstructive Sleep Apnea and how it affects non-
commercial driving behavior. More thorough research is required in order to improve
current understanding of the connection between OSA and driving safety. The impact of
OSA on driving behavior can be better understood by contrasting self-reported traffic
violations and authorized driving records amongst the non-commercial drivers who were
diagnosed with this condition compared to the healthy sample. Analysis of the link between
OSA and driving safety, specifically in groups of OSA sufferers, will also be helpful.
Numerous studies have examined the relationship between OSA and auto accidents, with
the vast majority highlighting the severe negative effects OSA has on driving performance.
7. The findings of these studies highlight the need for additional research into how OSA affects
CMV drivers' ability to drive. Additionally, the high frequency of OSA among CMV drivers
and the potential risks this illness poses underscore the necessity of accurate OSA screening
and diagnosis in this population. To guarantee the safety of both drivers and the general
public, effective management and treatment of OSA are crucial. Further study is required to
better understand the effects of OSA on driving performance and to create efficient
screening, management, and treatment strategies to address this disease among CMV
drivers, given the crucial role that CMV drivers play in transportation and commerce. The
importance of the problem underlines the necessity of continuing research and observation
to make sure that
CMV drivers are prepared to carry out their responsibilities in a safe and efficient manner.
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