This document discusses different philosophical perspectives in research design, including post-positivism, constructivism, advocacy/participatory, and pragmatism worldviews. Post-positivism aims to objectively describe observations and experiences to test theories. Constructivism sees reality as subjective interpretations in the human mind. Advocacy/participatory research addresses social justice and empowerment issues. Pragmatism applies mixed methods to inquire from both qualitative and quantitative positions. Critical paradigms examine hidden power structures in society to enact change. The document also provides an overview of FTG Academy, an educational organization focused on disseminating knowledge to learners anywhere through various online platforms and channels.

1. RESEARCH
APPLICATIONS
PART-3
FTG Academy
Journalism & Mass Communication Wing
Professional Communication Wing
Email: ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/FTG-Academy-107915397682120/?modal=admin_todo_tour
Instagram: ftgacademy
LinkedIn: FTG Academy
Youtube: FTG Academy
Blog: https://ftgacademy1234.wixsite.com/ftgacademy
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
1

2. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
WORLDVIEWS IN RESEARCH
DESIGN
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
2
1. Post-Positivist worldview
2.
Constructivis
m
3.
Advocacy/Participato
ry
4.
Pragmatis
m

3. POST POSITIVIST
WORLDVIEW
• It was a scientific approach which claimed one objective; i.e.
‘Absolute Truth.’
• It aims to describe what researchers experience, what they
observe and measure
Characteristics of Post Positivist Worldview
• To identify causes, determine effects and outcomes
• Observation and measurement of objective reality
• It ultimately tests whether the research supports the existing
theories and refines for better understanding.
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
3

4. CONSTRUCTIVISM
It is a perspective which accepts reality as a
construct of the human mind; thus, the reality is
perceived to be subjective, unlike Post-positivist.
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
4

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF
CONSTRUCTIVISM
WORLDVIEW
Its an approach to the qualitative
research
Questions are open-ended.
It works on the assumptions that
individuals seek understanding of the
World in which they live or work.
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
5

6. ADVOCACY/PARTICIPATORY
WORLDVIEW
• The research enquiry here is intertwined with politics and political
agenda.
• It was coined in the 1980s and 1990s to address the issues of social
justice of marginalized individuals in society.
• Characteristics of Advocacy/Participatory Worldview
• Participatory action focuses on bringing changes and aims at
creating political debate and discussion
• Specific issues are addressed here. Example- Inequality,
empowerment, oppression etc
• Researchers here mainly address the issues of social justice of the
marginalized section/individuals in society.
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
6

7. THE PRAGMATIC
WORLDVIEW
Its focus is not only on one system of philosophy and reality, but
rather pragmatists apply mixed methods research. For instance,
they enquire from both qualitative and quantitative assumptions.
Characteristic of Pragmatic Worldview
It uses mixed-method research
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
7

8. CRITICAL PARADIGMS
• Critical paradigms are concerned with society and hidden power
structure that permeate it
• It makes judgements on what is right and wrong about society,
and it also determines what can be done to improve society
• Its main objective is to improve the practical field and to change
the situation with the action. Examples; Feminist studies,
Cultural Studies
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
8

9. BACKGROUND STUDY OF
CRITICAL RESEARCH
• Critical research uncovers and assesses the restrictive and
alienating conditions of status quo by analyzing the
oppositions, conflicts and contradictions in contemporary
society and seeks to eliminate the causes of alienation and
domination.
• Critical research was propounded by Max and Jurgen in the
20th century. It entails critiquing and resolving social inequality.
• It propels people to act towards changing their social and
economic circumstances although their ability is constrained by
various forms of social, cultural and political domination.
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
9

10. RECAP
Terms learnt
• 1. Paradigm
• 2. Praxis
 Paradigm is the way people see the World.
 It is an interpretative framework of beliefs and assumptions about
the World.
 It is different from other theories because it seeks Praxis. Praxis is a
combination of theory and action.
 Critical means to analyze, to question, to assess or to appraise
 Critical thinking; means analyzing and evaluating what one thinks
and why he/she thinks about it.
9/6/2020
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
10

11. 9/6/2020 ftgacademy1234@gmail.com 11
FTG Academy Provides
Access To Learning With A
Particular Focus On Quality
And Retention
FTG Academy Disseminate
Sufficient Knowledge To
Anyone, Anywhere,
Anytime.
FTG Academy
ftgacademy
ftgacademy1234@gmail.com
https://www.facebook.com/FT
G-Academy-
107915397682120/?modal=ad
min_todo_tour
ftgacademy