This document discusses how to report speech or things that other people have said. There are two types of reported speech: direct speech uses the person's exact words, while reported speech restates their message without using their exact words. When changing direct to reported speech, tenses, time/place expressions, and pronouns may need to be changed. Commands and questions also have specific rules for changing to reported speech involving changes in tense and word order.
A presentation that tries to explain the changes from Direct Speech to Reported Speech in different situations: questions, affirmative statements, commands, requests and suggestions; paying special attention to the appropriate verbs for each use.
Choosing the most appropriate verb tense when reporting what people say or think can sometimes be a challenge to writers. With this training deck, you'll get to review the guidelines in writing a reported speech to make your writing clear.
A presentation that tries to explain the changes from Direct Speech to Reported Speech in different situations: questions, affirmative statements, commands, requests and suggestions; paying special attention to the appropriate verbs for each use.
Choosing the most appropriate verb tense when reporting what people say or think can sometimes be a challenge to writers. With this training deck, you'll get to review the guidelines in writing a reported speech to make your writing clear.
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Learn English Grammar - reported speech - direct and indirect speech.
This is an English lesson from Language Open Learning Learn English Grammar Course.
http://languageopenlearning.com/en/english-grammar-course-2?quiz_id=56
For more details on the Learn English course from Language Open Learning, please visit the website at http://www.LanguageOpenLearning.com
Learn English Grammar - Reported Speech IAjarn Ken
Learn English Grammar - reported speech - direct and indirect speech.
This is an English lesson from Language Open Learning Learn English Grammar Course.
http://languageopenlearning.com/en/english-grammar-course-2?quiz_id=56
For more details on the Learn English course from Language Open Learning, please visit the website at http://www.LanguageOpenLearning.com
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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3. It is used to say what another person has said. There are two types: Direct speech (using his/her own words): Mary said, 'I'm going to the beach this weekend.' Reported speech (free discourse, not using his/her own words): Mary said (that) she was going to the beach that weekend. REPORTED SPEECH
4. As you can see, there are certain changes to be made when using reported speech: Tenses. Time and place expressions. Pronouns. CHANGES ‘I’mgoingtothebeachtomorrow’ She / He saidthatshewasgoingtothebeachthenextday.
5. Tenses You can see now how the different verbal tenses change in reported speech:
9. You can use logic to see the changes. Thus, if you have doubts, remember the following associations: Pronouns
10. We normally use the verbs say and tell. The difference between them is that say can be used without object (or to + object) and tell is always used with the object: He told me that she knew it. He said (to me) that she knew it. INTRODUCTORY VERBS
11. COMMANDS Howabout if we want to report commands? Have a look at these ones: 'Shut up, boys!' The teacher asked us to shut up. 'Don't speak, boys!‘ The teacher asked us not to speak. As you can see, the imperative tense has no subject in English and the verb is used in infinitive without to. Thus, if you want to report it, you have to use a to infinitive(or not to-infinitive) as in the examples above. Shut up!!!!
12. QUESTIONS Remember there are two types of questions: Yes / No questions: the answer is always 'yes' or 'no', starting with a verb: 'Do you like football?' 'Yes, I do.' 'Were you at home last night?' 'No, I wasn't.' Whquestions: the answer depends on the interrogative pronoun: 'Where did you go?' 'I went to the beach.' 'How often do you play football?' 'I play football once a week.'
13. As you can see, there are changes as in statements, but we need the verb ASK and include IF. Keep in mind that the word order has a statement structure: 'Doyoulikefootball?', he asked me. He asked meifIlikedfootball. 'Areyou at home?', he asked me. 'No, I'm not', I answered. He asked meifIwas at home and I answered I was not. Yes-No questions Do youlikeEnglish?
14. In these cases, there is also a shift in word order and tenses also change. However, IF is substituted by the interrogative pronoun given. Have a look at these examples: 'Whereare you going?', he asked me. He asked mewhereIwas going Wh- questions What time isit?
15. SUGGESTIONS 'Let's go to the park!' 'Why don't we visit her?' 'Shall we stay longer?' In these cases, the structure is specific: SUBJECT + SUGGESTED THAT + SUBJECT+ VERB IN PAST. 'Let's go to the park!' He suggested that we went to the park. 'Why don't we visit her?' She suggested that we visited her. 'Shall we stay longer?' He suggested that we stayed longer.
