This report from Assignment Desk UK proposes to develop health communities by resolving the issue of teenage pregnancy in the Wolverhampton area of England.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
1. Singapore’s GDP is forecasted to gradually grow to 4 to 6 per cent in 2021. The bulk of economic growth will come from trade and manufacturing sectors.
2. DPM Heng unveiled a $107 billion plan in his Singapore Budget 2021 speech, which includes a $11 billion COVID 19 Resilience Package.
3. M3@Jalan Besar was launched and its initiative aim to help residents cope with mental health issues and empower elderly residents to adopt digital tools.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• Singapore's economy is expected to rise by 6% or more this year, according to the government's most recent prediction.
• Following the cabinet reshuffle on May 15, seven of the 15 ministries will be led by new ministers.
• Restrictions should be eased if the Covid-19 situation improves and the number of community cases lowers further.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The document summarizes key findings from the 2020 World Values Survey on Singaporean values and attitudes. Some of the main findings are:
- Respondents considered family as very important compared to other aspects of life, while importance of work has declined since 2002.
- Younger respondents saw friends as most important, while middle-aged saw work and wealth as more important.
- Respondents with lower education saw religion and wealth as more important but work as less important than better educated peers.
- Respondents generally had confidence in local institutions, most for state institutions compared to less for political parties.
News Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is produced by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• The Singapore Budget will continue to provide support for sectors that face difficulties amid the Covid-19 pandemic and help Singaporeans manage concerns over the cost of living.
• Lower-income groups will benefit the most from the comprehensive set of measures laid out in the Budget to help everyone cope with the cost of living.
• National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) and MENDAKI sign Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to help Malay-Muslim workers boost skills and employability.
Defining the Eradication of Child Poverty in the Child Poverty BillMike Blamires
The document discusses the Child Poverty Bill, which aims to eradicate child poverty in the UK within 20 years. It outlines the challenges of defining child poverty measures in legislation given limitations of existing data. Key measures included are relative low income, absolute low income, material deprivation, and persistent poverty. Significant effort was required to communicate technical definitions to stakeholders and address debates during the bill's passage through Parliament.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• With a total of 262 articles, Social and Community (85), Budget 2021 (56) and Economy and employability (42) news were widely reported in March 2021. This reflects Singapore’s on-going concerns over economic and employability issues arising from COVID-19.
• This reflects Singapore’s growing concerns over social and community issues arising from COVID-19 and the highlights of the Singapore Budget 2021 initiatives.
• This version of Bites will cover aspects of the Budget that was engaged by the Straits Times, Berita Harian and Berita Minggu.
News Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is produced by the Research and Design Department (R&D) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• Higher grant among initiatives to give more support and respite to caregivers, many of whom are women.
• More going abroad to study from second half of last year; Rise in number of Singaporeans keen on studying in Japan and South Korea.
• Employers to receive over $145m in final JSS payouts to support wages of more than 289,500 local staff.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
1. Singapore’s GDP is forecasted to gradually grow to 4 to 6 per cent in 2021. The bulk of economic growth will come from trade and manufacturing sectors.
2. DPM Heng unveiled a $107 billion plan in his Singapore Budget 2021 speech, which includes a $11 billion COVID 19 Resilience Package.
3. M3@Jalan Besar was launched and its initiative aim to help residents cope with mental health issues and empower elderly residents to adopt digital tools.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• Singapore's economy is expected to rise by 6% or more this year, according to the government's most recent prediction.
• Following the cabinet reshuffle on May 15, seven of the 15 ministries will be led by new ministers.
• Restrictions should be eased if the Covid-19 situation improves and the number of community cases lowers further.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The document summarizes key findings from the 2020 World Values Survey on Singaporean values and attitudes. Some of the main findings are:
- Respondents considered family as very important compared to other aspects of life, while importance of work has declined since 2002.
- Younger respondents saw friends as most important, while middle-aged saw work and wealth as more important.
- Respondents with lower education saw religion and wealth as more important but work as less important than better educated peers.
- Respondents generally had confidence in local institutions, most for state institutions compared to less for political parties.
News Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is produced by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• The Singapore Budget will continue to provide support for sectors that face difficulties amid the Covid-19 pandemic and help Singaporeans manage concerns over the cost of living.
• Lower-income groups will benefit the most from the comprehensive set of measures laid out in the Budget to help everyone cope with the cost of living.
• National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) and MENDAKI sign Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to help Malay-Muslim workers boost skills and employability.
Defining the Eradication of Child Poverty in the Child Poverty BillMike Blamires
The document discusses the Child Poverty Bill, which aims to eradicate child poverty in the UK within 20 years. It outlines the challenges of defining child poverty measures in legislation given limitations of existing data. Key measures included are relative low income, absolute low income, material deprivation, and persistent poverty. Significant effort was required to communicate technical definitions to stakeholders and address debates during the bill's passage through Parliament.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• With a total of 262 articles, Social and Community (85), Budget 2021 (56) and Economy and employability (42) news were widely reported in March 2021. This reflects Singapore’s on-going concerns over economic and employability issues arising from COVID-19.
• This reflects Singapore’s growing concerns over social and community issues arising from COVID-19 and the highlights of the Singapore Budget 2021 initiatives.
• This version of Bites will cover aspects of the Budget that was engaged by the Straits Times, Berita Harian and Berita Minggu.
News Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is produced by the Research and Design Department (R&D) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• Higher grant among initiatives to give more support and respite to caregivers, many of whom are women.
• More going abroad to study from second half of last year; Rise in number of Singaporeans keen on studying in Japan and South Korea.
• Employers to receive over $145m in final JSS payouts to support wages of more than 289,500 local staff.
RPD Bites is a monthly report by MENDAKI's Research and Planning Department that summarizes news articles relevant to the Malay/Muslim community. The September 2021 issue found that community and health issues were widely reported due to rising Covid-19 cases and restrictions. Emerging themes included efforts to support education, mental health, the economy, and employment amid the pandemic. New initiatives targeted issues like dementia, digital inclusion, and supporting vulnerable groups.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community.
It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
1. The fight against COVID-19 has entered a new phase as the Singapore government unveiled the comprehensive vaccination programme for the people.
2. Despite a challenging year, Singapore’s economy has received $17.2 billion in fixed asset investments in 2020.
3. The ninth M3 town in Geylang Serai was launched on 23rd January. Wisma Geylang Serai seeks to be a pillar of support for the community as it plans new initiative such as promoting lifelong learning and healthy lifestyle
Your feedback is important for us to continuously improve our resources and publications for our readers.
RPD Bites is a monthly report by Yayasan MENDAKI's Research and Planning Department that summarizes news articles relevant to the Malay/Muslim community. The January 2022 issue covered 229 articles across various topics. Key topics included rising Covid-19 cases among children, support for those with special needs, ongoing vaccination efforts, the increase in chronic kidney disease, and the doubling of counseling cases at Temasek Polytechnic. The report also highlighted economic trends, the jump in property prices and rents, and emerging scams targeting bank customers through SMS.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
The new PSLE scoring system sees more pupils qualifying to take secondary school subjects at higher level as more pupils qualify for Express course and 98.4% progress to secondary school.
13,000 disadvantaged students to get more help to stay in school through after-school support and customised holiday programmes.
More organisations have beefed up mental health support such as organizing self-care activities, training ‘mental health first aiders’, creating portals to provide online mental health resources, and partnering with counselling organisations to provide employee assistance.
Submission to Dilnot Commission on Social Care UKOliver O'Connor
The document discusses Ireland's reform of financing long-term residential care. It introduced a new scheme in 2009 that shares costs between individuals and the state based on means testing, without requiring individuals to sell their homes to pay for care. The reform aimed to establish a coherent system with protections for users and choice among public and private homes meeting quality standards. Significant political commitment was needed to overcome initial opposition during the multi-year design and implementation process.
The document discusses the potential benefits of adopting a "one budget" approach that fully integrates health and social care budgets in the UK. Key points include:
- Integrating budgets could end cost-shifting between health and social care, incentivize preventative social care, and allow services to be commissioned based on integrated outcomes rather than artificial divisions.
- Challenges include ensuring resources aren't just pulled back to hospitals, determining personal budgets under a single system, and adapting regulations for integrated providers.
- Health and wellbeing boards could provide local governance structures but may require primary legislation to fully implement a single budget approach.
1. The document discusses progress made since the 2010 Marmot Review on health inequalities in England in ensuring every child has the best start in life.
2. While some steps have been taken like expanding early childhood programs, funding has also been cut to services that support families and children.
3. Integrating services across sectors like education, healthcare and social services is presented as a way to better support children's health and development with existing resources.
The document outlines Wales' journey towards sustainable development and plans for a Future Generations Bill. It discusses establishing long-term goals for Wales through a national conversation. A pilot reporting process will gather public views on their vision for Wales and priority challenges to develop a draft interim report and first Future Generations Report, which will inform decision-making.
Universal Credit is the UK's new working-age benefit system that aims to simplify the previous complex system of benefits and tax credits. It consolidates 6 benefits into one monthly payment administered through an online system. The goals are to make work pay, reduce poverty and fraud, and incentivize people into employment. However, its rollout has been problematic, with many claimants experiencing difficulties accessing payments and hardship. Evaluations show improvements in employment for some but significant issues remain regarding delivery and the system has not proven its value for money. There is ongoing debate around whether Universal Credit is achieving its original aims and meeting the needs of the 21st century job market.
Will the Future Generations Bill deliver on its promise to make Wales a susta...walescva
The document outlines Wales' journey towards sustainable development and plans for a Future Generations Bill. It discusses proposals for the bill to embed sustainable development as a central principle, establish a statutory planning framework, and create an independent sustainable development body. It notes the bill was renamed the Future Generations Bill to better communicate its purpose. A pilot project is proposed to test producing a Future Generations Report engaging the public on long-term goals for Wales and measuring progress against those goals.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community.
It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
1. Singapore's economy will grow by 5.5 per cent in 2021, putting an end to the nation's worst recession ever.
2. The first shipment of Covid-19 vaccine has arrived in Singapore on 21 Dec 2020.
3. The new COVID-19 Recovery Grant, which will be launched on 18 Jan 2021, focuses on lower- to middle-income workers and self-employed people.
4. Three new M³@Towns has been announced to be established in 2021. They are M³ @ Geylang Serai, M³ @ Bishan-Toa Payoh and M³ @ Jalan Besar.
The document discusses providing social welfare to informal sector workers in India. It proposes establishing an organization called ECSTU (Engineers, Civil Servants and Trade Unions) that would register informal workers, ensure minimum wages are paid, and provide social security benefits. ECSTU would have branches across states staffed by engineers, civil servants, and representatives from trade unions. It would aim to reduce corruption and better implement existing social welfare laws and programs for informal workers. Challenges around funding the initial infrastructure for ECSTU branches are acknowledged but it is argued that it would ultimately help promote social welfare in an effective manner.
Economics of dementia care adelina comas herrera athea vienna 28 november 14Adelina Comas-Herrera
This document summarizes a presentation on the economics of dementia care. It discusses three main topics: 1) ways to decrease future cases of dementia through prevention and treatment; 2) ensuring adequate financing for dementia care; and 3) improving spending on dementia care through evidence-based interventions. The presentation notes that dementia care costs are rising rapidly and will require much more spending. It emphasizes the need for prevention, adequate funding mechanisms, and using research evidence to optimize care delivery and shift spending from "bad" to "good" costs.
Poverty and social impact analysis of workers welfare fundAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the poverty and social impact of Pakistan's Workers Welfare Fund program. The study finds issues with documentation, delays in aid disbursement, and distance to schools are barriers to education support. Housing schemes are slow with compromised quality, and health facilities discriminate and lack accountability. The document reviews literature on similar welfare programs internationally and in other parts of Pakistan. It outlines the methodology used in the study, which includes focus groups and interviews with stakeholders to evaluate the impacts of the program on communities and labor productivity.
Jo Ward - Big Innovation Conversation: Social prescribingInnovation Agency
This document provides an overview of social prescribing. It discusses how social prescribing empowers patients by connecting them with community services like arts activities and exercise classes to treat social needs in addition to medical ones. Evidence shows social prescribing reduces GP visits and A&E attendances. The document outlines NHS England's plans to spread social prescribing schemes and develop a common outcomes framework to measure their impact on individuals, communities, and the healthcare system.
AOHC member centres are playing a significant role in Healthy Smiles Ontario, the government's oral health initiative for children and youth. Over 30 AOHC centres will help implement the initiative by providing infrastructure funding, expanding programs, and collaborating with public health units. While Healthy Smiles Ontario is a step in the right direction, AOHC intends to advocate for expanding eligibility to include Aboriginal children and removing the OHIP card requirement, as well as extending coverage to low-income adults.
Recap of the major benefits changes and Coronavirus (COVID-19)Policy in Practice
As new measures to control Coronavirus (COVID-19) are introduced Policy in Practice's Head of Policy, Zoe Charlesworth, summarises the major changes to the welfare system.
As part of the support we've been providing we’ve answered hundreds of questions from people worried about the impact of Coronavirus on their income. Zoe shares of the common themes emerging and our thoughts on policy changes that could help. Zoe also shares highlights from the analysis we've done to show the impact of the new measures and how they will help households hit by Coronavirus (COVID-19).
Review the slides to learn:
- What benefits people in different situations might get
- How to get the most support for families and households
- Common questions people are asking, and our answers
- What the impact of the 3 main changes mean for households
This document discusses teenage pregnancy, including demographics, key issues facing pregnant teenagers and midwives, and local and national strategies. It provides statistics on teenage pregnancy rates in Scotland and discusses challenges such as lack of family support, mental health, continuing education, and involvement of the father. National strategies aim to halve teenage pregnancy rates through education and support programs. Local support organizations and midwifery guidelines also aim to address the holistic needs of pregnant teenagers.
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for examining problems by developing hypotheses and guiding research design and interpretation. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. The document provides guidance on developing frameworks, including selecting concepts, identifying relationships between concepts, defining concepts, and formulating the theoretical rationale. Frameworks can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive. The document also discusses critiquing frameworks and the contribution of nursing frameworks to research.
Theories aim to explain phenomena through generalizations and models of reality. The theoretical framework of a study presents the theory that explains the research problem and serves as the basis for conducting the research. It helps the researcher identify variables and provides a framework for data analysis. Formulating a theoretical framework requires presenting authoritative theories, identifying key concepts and variables, and stating relationships between hypothesized variables, while assumptions provide an untested basis for developing theories and influencing the research process.
RPD Bites is a monthly report by MENDAKI's Research and Planning Department that summarizes news articles relevant to the Malay/Muslim community. The September 2021 issue found that community and health issues were widely reported due to rising Covid-19 cases and restrictions. Emerging themes included efforts to support education, mental health, the economy, and employment amid the pandemic. New initiatives targeted issues like dementia, digital inclusion, and supporting vulnerable groups.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community.
It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
1. The fight against COVID-19 has entered a new phase as the Singapore government unveiled the comprehensive vaccination programme for the people.
2. Despite a challenging year, Singapore’s economy has received $17.2 billion in fixed asset investments in 2020.
3. The ninth M3 town in Geylang Serai was launched on 23rd January. Wisma Geylang Serai seeks to be a pillar of support for the community as it plans new initiative such as promoting lifelong learning and healthy lifestyle
Your feedback is important for us to continuously improve our resources and publications for our readers.
RPD Bites is a monthly report by Yayasan MENDAKI's Research and Planning Department that summarizes news articles relevant to the Malay/Muslim community. The January 2022 issue covered 229 articles across various topics. Key topics included rising Covid-19 cases among children, support for those with special needs, ongoing vaccination efforts, the increase in chronic kidney disease, and the doubling of counseling cases at Temasek Polytechnic. The report also highlighted economic trends, the jump in property prices and rents, and emerging scams targeting bank customers through SMS.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
The new PSLE scoring system sees more pupils qualifying to take secondary school subjects at higher level as more pupils qualify for Express course and 98.4% progress to secondary school.
13,000 disadvantaged students to get more help to stay in school through after-school support and customised holiday programmes.
More organisations have beefed up mental health support such as organizing self-care activities, training ‘mental health first aiders’, creating portals to provide online mental health resources, and partnering with counselling organisations to provide employee assistance.
Submission to Dilnot Commission on Social Care UKOliver O'Connor
The document discusses Ireland's reform of financing long-term residential care. It introduced a new scheme in 2009 that shares costs between individuals and the state based on means testing, without requiring individuals to sell their homes to pay for care. The reform aimed to establish a coherent system with protections for users and choice among public and private homes meeting quality standards. Significant political commitment was needed to overcome initial opposition during the multi-year design and implementation process.
The document discusses the potential benefits of adopting a "one budget" approach that fully integrates health and social care budgets in the UK. Key points include:
- Integrating budgets could end cost-shifting between health and social care, incentivize preventative social care, and allow services to be commissioned based on integrated outcomes rather than artificial divisions.
- Challenges include ensuring resources aren't just pulled back to hospitals, determining personal budgets under a single system, and adapting regulations for integrated providers.
- Health and wellbeing boards could provide local governance structures but may require primary legislation to fully implement a single budget approach.
1. The document discusses progress made since the 2010 Marmot Review on health inequalities in England in ensuring every child has the best start in life.
2. While some steps have been taken like expanding early childhood programs, funding has also been cut to services that support families and children.
3. Integrating services across sectors like education, healthcare and social services is presented as a way to better support children's health and development with existing resources.
The document outlines Wales' journey towards sustainable development and plans for a Future Generations Bill. It discusses establishing long-term goals for Wales through a national conversation. A pilot reporting process will gather public views on their vision for Wales and priority challenges to develop a draft interim report and first Future Generations Report, which will inform decision-making.
Universal Credit is the UK's new working-age benefit system that aims to simplify the previous complex system of benefits and tax credits. It consolidates 6 benefits into one monthly payment administered through an online system. The goals are to make work pay, reduce poverty and fraud, and incentivize people into employment. However, its rollout has been problematic, with many claimants experiencing difficulties accessing payments and hardship. Evaluations show improvements in employment for some but significant issues remain regarding delivery and the system has not proven its value for money. There is ongoing debate around whether Universal Credit is achieving its original aims and meeting the needs of the 21st century job market.
Will the Future Generations Bill deliver on its promise to make Wales a susta...walescva
The document outlines Wales' journey towards sustainable development and plans for a Future Generations Bill. It discusses proposals for the bill to embed sustainable development as a central principle, establish a statutory planning framework, and create an independent sustainable development body. It notes the bill was renamed the Future Generations Bill to better communicate its purpose. A pilot project is proposed to test producing a Future Generations Report engaging the public on long-term goals for Wales and measuring progress against those goals.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community.
It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
1. Singapore's economy will grow by 5.5 per cent in 2021, putting an end to the nation's worst recession ever.
2. The first shipment of Covid-19 vaccine has arrived in Singapore on 21 Dec 2020.
3. The new COVID-19 Recovery Grant, which will be launched on 18 Jan 2021, focuses on lower- to middle-income workers and self-employed people.
4. Three new M³@Towns has been announced to be established in 2021. They are M³ @ Geylang Serai, M³ @ Bishan-Toa Payoh and M³ @ Jalan Besar.
The document discusses providing social welfare to informal sector workers in India. It proposes establishing an organization called ECSTU (Engineers, Civil Servants and Trade Unions) that would register informal workers, ensure minimum wages are paid, and provide social security benefits. ECSTU would have branches across states staffed by engineers, civil servants, and representatives from trade unions. It would aim to reduce corruption and better implement existing social welfare laws and programs for informal workers. Challenges around funding the initial infrastructure for ECSTU branches are acknowledged but it is argued that it would ultimately help promote social welfare in an effective manner.
Economics of dementia care adelina comas herrera athea vienna 28 november 14Adelina Comas-Herrera
This document summarizes a presentation on the economics of dementia care. It discusses three main topics: 1) ways to decrease future cases of dementia through prevention and treatment; 2) ensuring adequate financing for dementia care; and 3) improving spending on dementia care through evidence-based interventions. The presentation notes that dementia care costs are rising rapidly and will require much more spending. It emphasizes the need for prevention, adequate funding mechanisms, and using research evidence to optimize care delivery and shift spending from "bad" to "good" costs.
Poverty and social impact analysis of workers welfare fundAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the poverty and social impact of Pakistan's Workers Welfare Fund program. The study finds issues with documentation, delays in aid disbursement, and distance to schools are barriers to education support. Housing schemes are slow with compromised quality, and health facilities discriminate and lack accountability. The document reviews literature on similar welfare programs internationally and in other parts of Pakistan. It outlines the methodology used in the study, which includes focus groups and interviews with stakeholders to evaluate the impacts of the program on communities and labor productivity.
Jo Ward - Big Innovation Conversation: Social prescribingInnovation Agency
This document provides an overview of social prescribing. It discusses how social prescribing empowers patients by connecting them with community services like arts activities and exercise classes to treat social needs in addition to medical ones. Evidence shows social prescribing reduces GP visits and A&E attendances. The document outlines NHS England's plans to spread social prescribing schemes and develop a common outcomes framework to measure their impact on individuals, communities, and the healthcare system.
AOHC member centres are playing a significant role in Healthy Smiles Ontario, the government's oral health initiative for children and youth. Over 30 AOHC centres will help implement the initiative by providing infrastructure funding, expanding programs, and collaborating with public health units. While Healthy Smiles Ontario is a step in the right direction, AOHC intends to advocate for expanding eligibility to include Aboriginal children and removing the OHIP card requirement, as well as extending coverage to low-income adults.
Recap of the major benefits changes and Coronavirus (COVID-19)Policy in Practice
As new measures to control Coronavirus (COVID-19) are introduced Policy in Practice's Head of Policy, Zoe Charlesworth, summarises the major changes to the welfare system.
As part of the support we've been providing we’ve answered hundreds of questions from people worried about the impact of Coronavirus on their income. Zoe shares of the common themes emerging and our thoughts on policy changes that could help. Zoe also shares highlights from the analysis we've done to show the impact of the new measures and how they will help households hit by Coronavirus (COVID-19).
Review the slides to learn:
- What benefits people in different situations might get
- How to get the most support for families and households
- Common questions people are asking, and our answers
- What the impact of the 3 main changes mean for households
This document discusses teenage pregnancy, including demographics, key issues facing pregnant teenagers and midwives, and local and national strategies. It provides statistics on teenage pregnancy rates in Scotland and discusses challenges such as lack of family support, mental health, continuing education, and involvement of the father. National strategies aim to halve teenage pregnancy rates through education and support programs. Local support organizations and midwifery guidelines also aim to address the holistic needs of pregnant teenagers.
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for examining problems by developing hypotheses and guiding research design and interpretation. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. The document provides guidance on developing frameworks, including selecting concepts, identifying relationships between concepts, defining concepts, and formulating the theoretical rationale. Frameworks can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive. The document also discusses critiquing frameworks and the contribution of nursing frameworks to research.
Theories aim to explain phenomena through generalizations and models of reality. The theoretical framework of a study presents the theory that explains the research problem and serves as the basis for conducting the research. It helps the researcher identify variables and provides a framework for data analysis. Formulating a theoretical framework requires presenting authoritative theories, identifying key concepts and variables, and stating relationships between hypothesized variables, while assumptions provide an untested basis for developing theories and influencing the research process.
This document discusses teenage pregnancy, including definitions, statistics, causes, and effects. It notes that teenage pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in females under 20 years old. Black and Hispanic teenagers have the highest rates of pregnancy, while whites and Asians have the lowest. Peer pressure, lack of parental guidance, lack of education, sexual abuse, and alcohol use are cited as common causes. Potential effects include medical complications, emotional issues, worries about the future, depression, delayed education, neglect of the baby, and financial troubles.
This document defines key terms related to theoretical and conceptual frameworks, including concepts, constructs, variables, conceptual framework, and theoretical framework. It explains that a conceptual framework consists of concepts and proposed relationships between concepts, while a theoretical framework is based on existing theories. The purposes of conceptual and theoretical frameworks are to clarify concepts, propose relationships between concepts, provide context for interpreting findings, and stimulate further research and theory development.
Teenage pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in female adolescents under the age of 20. It can occur as early as age 12 or 13 when ovulation begins, though it usually occurs from age 14 onward. There are many factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy, including curiosity, peer pressure, lack of family support, lack of information about sex and contraception, and liberal views about sex. Teenage pregnancy can present medical, financial, educational, and emotional challenges for both mother and child.
Sample Report on International Healthcare policy By Global Assignment HelpAmelia Jones
Sample Report on International Healthcare policy By Global Assignment Help.This report is prepared to analyze the formation of healthcare policy in an international context and discussed contemporary issues in International Healthcare policy.
This document summarizes a report by the Centre for Social Justice on further welfare reform for the next UK Parliament. It discusses:
1) Proposing a new "Youth Offer" to reduce youth unemployment through intensive support from primary school through adulthood, including career coaching, work experience, and a "Community Wage."
2) Recommending reform of Jobcentre Plus to improve job seeking support, drawing inspiration from Australia's system and introducing more competition.
3) Suggesting a focus on increasing progression in work so those who start in low-paid jobs do not get stuck there long-term.
This document discusses developing a new disability strategy in the UK to enable disabled people to fulfill their potential and have opportunities to play a full role in society. It seeks input on how to overcome barriers, tackle discrimination and outdated attitudes, and give disabled people more choice and control in their lives. The minister for disabled people invites ideas on practical ways to make progress and prioritize those facing the greatest challenges to independent living. Organizations welcome the strategy's focus on disabled people's lived experiences and involvement in shaping the strategy.
Stephen Horsley presented an update on actions to reduce health inequalities in Sheffield as outlined in the Joint Health and Wellbeing Strategy. The presentation provided an overview of 9 actions being taken to address inequalities, including improving data collection, strengthening communities, ensuring access to services, and giving children the best start. It highlighted that life expectancy and excess winter death gaps have remained similar over time. Examples of current initiatives were provided such as community health needs assessments and a pilot project connecting unemployed residents to jobs. Key areas for discussion included leveraging other funding opportunities, better coordinating community resilience work, and supporting services for new arrivals.
History Of Louisiana Department Of Transportation And...Amanda Burkett
The document discusses Louisiana's Complete Streets policy, which aims to address infrastructure issues and improve pedestrian and cycling safety. Following devastating hurricanes in 2005, Louisiana had over $12 billion in needed road repairs. In 2009, the Louisiana Department of Transportation convened a work group to develop a Complete Streets policy to consider all road users and recommend future actions. However, pedestrian fatalities remained high, indicating more safety measures were needed in city planning. The policy aims to improve infrastructure while enhancing safety for all modes of transportation.
Generic working practices in adult social care (UK)Blaine Robin
Increasingly job roles in Adult Social Care settings are becoming generic. An example of this is the joint role of social work and occupational therapy is organising reablement services.
The Importance Of Lifestyle Factors In The Maintenance Of...Amanda Burkett
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PUBH 380 Measures of Morbidity – Indirect Age AdjustmentHomew.docxwoodruffeloisa
PUBH 380: Measures of Morbidity – Indirect Age Adjustment
Homework 3 (35 points)
NAME:
Based on the information given in the following table, and knowing that there were 4,500 deaths in Population X and 25,000 deaths in Population Y in 2009, and that crude death rate of standard population is 50 deaths per 1,000 persons, calculate and interpret the following (including any comparisons between X and Y in your interpretation):
NOTE: When you do indirect adjustment, all comparisons are done with the referent (standard) population, NOT between “adjusted” populations.
1. Complete the table below (20 pts)
Age
Standard Death Rates per 1,000
Population X
Expected Deaths in Pop X
Population
Y
Expected Deaths in Pop Y
<1
18
6000
50000
1-4
3
7000
70000
5-14
2.5
7000
25000
15-24
1.5
8000
30000
25-34
1.5
10000
70000
35-44
3.5
10000
25000
45-54
10
25000
20000
55-64
15
15000
25000
65+
80
30000
20000
Total
XXX
118,000
335,000
2. Calculate the crude death for each population (7 points – 3 for each crude, 1 for interpretation)
3. Calculate the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for each population (interpretation should include what the SMRs mean) (3 points – 1 for each SMR, 1 for interpretation)
4. Age-adjusted death rates for populations X and Y, using the indirect adjustment method. Please explain why your results might have occurred in your interpretation. (3 points – 1 for each IAR, 1 for interpretation)
5. Rates are adjusted for age to: (Please choose one answer) (2 pt)
a) Remove the bias of dissimilar age group distribution between populations.
b) Minimize the health problems of a community as compared to standard.
c) Determine how well a community compares with acceptable national births, deaths, and disease rate standards.
d) Allow valid comparison between populations with similar age distributions but different race and sex makeup.
e) All of the above.
NM 208 – Nursing Informatics
Telehealth Assignment
PART 2 – 100 points
This will be a research paper at least 3 pages in length, in APA format, that includes:
· The information from part 1.
· An outline of your telehealth effort.
· How will you determine if the information presented was understood?
· What resources will you need? Consider technological resources, physical space, interpreters, etc.
· How will you make up for the fact that you will not be face to face with the client(s)?
.
Running head: HOMELESS POPULATION 1
HOMELESS POPULATION 2
Application of Telehealth in Homeless Population
Name:
Course: Nursing Informatic
University:
Date of Submission: January 19, 2020
Application of Telehealth in Homeless Population
In the advent of technology, telehealth has greatly ...
Throughout my research, I have found that Low wages, unemployment, low income families’ high expenses are the major reasons which creates problem of finance and that lead poverty
The document summarizes feedback from two public engagement events on the Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Sustainability and Transformation Plan (STP). Key themes from discussions included:
- The importance of cooperation and meaningful public engagement in health service design.
- Ensuring all communities are included in consultation, including hard to reach groups.
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THE SPECIAL SENCES- Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound...Nursing Mastery
Title: Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound, Smell, Taste, and Balance
Introduction:
Welcome to our captivating SlideShare presentation on the Special Senses, where we delve into the extraordinary capabilities that allow us to perceive and interact with the world around us. Join us on a sensory journey as we explore the intricate structures and functions of sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance.
The special senses are our primary means of experiencing and interpreting the environment, each sense providing unique and vital information that shapes our perceptions and responses. These senses are facilitated by highly specialized organs and complex neural pathways, enabling us to see a vibrant sunset, hear a symphony, savor a delicious meal, detect a fragrant flower, and maintain our equilibrium.
In this presentation, we will:
Visual System (Sight): Dive into the anatomy and physiology of the eye, exploring how light is converted into electrical signals and processed by the brain to create the images we see. Understand common vision disorders and the mechanisms behind corrective measures like glasses and contact lenses.
Auditory System (Hearing): Examine the structures of the ear and the process of sound wave transduction, from the outer ear to the cochlea and auditory nerve. Learn about hearing loss, auditory processing, and the advances in hearing aid technology.
Olfactory System (Smell): Discover the olfactory receptors and pathways that enable the detection of thousands of different odors. Explore the connection between smell and memory and the impact of olfactory disorders on quality of life.
Gustatory System (Taste): Uncover the taste buds and the five basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. Delve into the interplay between taste and smell and the factors influencing our food preferences and eating habits.
Vestibular System (Balance): Investigate the inner ear structures responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Understand how the vestibular system helps maintain posture and coordination, and explore common vestibular disorders and their effects.
Through engaging visuals, interactive diagrams, and insightful explanations, we aim to illuminate the complexities of the special senses and their profound impact on our daily lives. Whether you're a student, educator, or simply curious about how we perceive the world, this presentation will provide valuable insights into the remarkable capabilities of the human sensory system.
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NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPTblessyjannu21
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...rightmanforbloodline
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 3
Relevant political drivers ............................................................................................................ 4
Problems that the project will deal with ..................................................................................... 5
THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE PROJECT ............................................................................. 6
Aims of the project.......................................................................................................................6
Theoretical approach and models ............................................................................................... 6
Alternatives considered but dismissed.........................................................................................8
Critical examination and evaluation of previous projects............................................................8
METHODS OF EVALUATION ....................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 11
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INTRODUCTION
The present project is a funding proposal which proposes to develop health communities
by resolving the issue of teenage pregnancy in the Wolverhampton area of England. Teenage
pregnancy is a serious issue in UK which comes with unique challenges. It brings negative
consequences for adolescent females as well as the baby. UK has the highest rate of teenage
pregnancy in the world (Chorley, 2014). However, the health of people in the area of
Wolverhampton is generally worse than the England average. The levels of teenage pregnancy
are also worse than the England average.
Therefore, the present funding proposal is aimed at the teenage girls of Wolverhampton.
It will consider interventions at school and community levels to prevent teenage pregnancies in
the area. The present funding proposal will provide a background which will act as a justification
to the proposed project. Theoretical basis for the project has also been provided which includes
models that best apply to the project. Critical evaluation of previous projects has been done.
Lastly, the funding proposal has considered methods of evaluation.
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(Source: Teenage pregnancy rates through England and Wales, 2011)
Relevant political drivers
The rationale of the funding proposal is linked to the government policy to a great extent.
Teenage pregnancy has become a serious problem in UK. The government is concerned about
this problem and has undertaken various efforts for reducing the rate of teenage pregnancy in the
nation (Petersen and et.al., 2009). United Kingdom has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy and
hence, the government is focused upon dealing with the issue. Moreover, the problem is to be
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dealt sternly in the deprived areas of London where young people are more vulnerable to suffer
from this problem. The aim of the government policies is to provide education to the teenagers
about sexual health and to make them aware of the various services available in this area. They
are also aimed at providing counseling services to the teenagers so that the rate of teenage
pregnancy can be reduced (Boonstra, 2011). This is in alignment with the rationale of the
funding proposal. The proposal has been created with the aim of obtaining funds so that effective
interventions can be undertaken to prevent and control the rate teenage pregnancy in the area of
Wolverhampton.
Furthermore, it is evident that increased number of teenage pregnancies in this area are
due to the reason that people are deprived of the basic facilities such as education, health care etc.
there is high rate of unemployment in the area (Raymond and et.al., 2008). Teenage girls living
in the most deprived areas are not able to access health care services. Policies of the government
are formulated keeping in mind the above mentioned aspects. They aim at supporting the people
in the deprived areas ad provide them with equal opportunities to access health care services.
Hence, the present funding proposal is needed as it is aptly linked to the government policy and
supports it in the achievement of the objectives of reducing teenage pregnancy (Johns, Dickins
and Clegg, 2011). Considering the teenage pregnancy levels in the area, this proposal will be
delivered in Wolverhampton.
Localism Act 2011 is an act of parliament of United Kingdom. This act is responsible for
changing the powers of local government in England. The aim of the Localism Act 2011 is to
facilitate devolution of decision making powers from the central government so that these can be
distributed to the individuals and communities (A plain English guide to the Localism Act, 2011).
This act has facilitated the shift of power from the government to the communities and people.
The Localism Act will contribute to the funding proposal by providing an opportunity to bring
forwards the ideas and interventions towards tackling the problem of teenage pregnancy. People
have little opportunity to tackle the problems in the ways they want (Rolleri and et.al., 2008). As
a result of this, the potential contribution of the voluntary and community groups is neglected. It
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is worth noticing that some of the most innovative and effective works in the public welfare are
carried out by this people. Localism Act provides encouragement to these people and also to the
present funding proposal (Hampshire and et.al., 2011). This is because, through the Act, new
significant rights are passed directly to the people and communities. With the help of these right,
it becomes easier to undertaken various interventions and achieve the ambition of tackling
teenage pregnancy issue in the area of Wolverhampton.
Problems that the project will deal with
There are few problems which the project will deal with. The current education system of
Wolverhampton is not efficient enough to control the problem of teenage pregnancy. The area
has teenage pregnancy levels which are worse than England average. This clear;y indicates that
the education system needs to be reformed (Pike, 2007). The problem here is associated with
introduction with a system of sex education which not only educates the teenagers about biology
but also about relationships. The existing education system, which includes sex education has not
been effective enough in making young people aware and knowledgeable about the issue of
teenage pregnancy and its consequences (Sonfield and Pollack, 2013). This problem will be dealt
by the project which will aim at developing effective interventions and solutions for reforming
the education system of the area.
Another problem which is associated with the issue of teenage pregnancy is that this
problem is more common in the highly deprived areas (McCave, 2007). Wolverhampton is one
of the most deprived areas of UK. Basic facilities like education, health care, adolescent
counseling etc. are not available to the teenagers in this area. The funding proposal will deal with
this problem. Along with reforming the education system, it will aim at making rte various
services available to the people. Also, it will make it possible that the interventions reach
maximum number o teenagers in the area.
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THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE PROJECT
Aims of the project
The project aims at improving the sexual health of people in Wolverhampton by tackling
the problem of teenage pregnancy. It is intended to implement various interventions which will
help in making the teenagers more aware about sexual health thereby providing them the
required support and guidance.
The present funding proposal aims to achieve the following:
To reduce the rate of teenage pregnancy in Wolverhampton
To make people aware about the negative consequences of teenage pregnancy in
Wolverhampton
To support teenagers by providing them sexual health services, counseling and education
in Wolverhampton
Theoretical approach and models
There are various models of health promotion which can be suitable for the present project.
Beattie's Model
Beattie's model, developed in 1991, sets out four main strategies for promoting the health
of people (Fletcher, 2012). These strategies are the following:
Health persuasion- This comprises of interventions which are directed at individuals.
Professionals such as community nurse or midwife undertake these interventions
(Grobler and et.al., 2007).
Personal counseling- This strategy consists of client led interventions which aim at
encouraging individuals to make choices on their own.
Community development- These interventions are undertaken within a defined
community so that thee local health issues can be identified. This strategy aims at
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working with the local people and taking actions towards the identified health problems
(Anning and Ball, 2008).
Legislative action- These are legislative interventions which are undertaken to protect
the health of the community.
Beatie's model can be applied for sexual health promotion regarding the issue of teenage
pregnancy. The strategy of health persuasion can be used for bringing behavior change in the
teenagers. This can be done through education and provision of advice. Teenagers are in need o
guidance and counseling in the matters of sexual education (Jackson and et.al, 2012). Therefore,
this strategy can be used to spread awareness about the issues of teenage pregnancy through
mass media and social marketing. Counseling services can be made available for the teenagers
where they can learn about their sexual health. Safer sex education can be provided to the
teenagers. At the next level, personal counseling can be used for empowering individuals to
make changes. Young people can be provided help in identifying their own health concerns.
Further, the school nurses and counselors can work with them to develop their confidence and
skills (Hoggart and Phillips, 2011). Youth workers can also undertake group work for building
confidence and skills. Another intervention at this level could be school nurse drop- inns. Further,
the next strategy according to Beatie's model, which is community development, can be used for
raising awareness among the local people regarding negative consequences of teenage pregnancy.
Teenage pregnancy prevention campaigns will also form a part of this strategy. At the level of
the fourth strategy, policy can be made for prevention of teenage pregnancy (Kenny and et.al.,
2012). Implementation of this policy can be undertaken in the area of Wolverhampton.
Theory of reasoned action
According to this theory, there are two factors that cause behavioral intent. They are
attitudes and subjective norms. Attitudes towards an act comprises of the positive or negative
feelings of an individual about performing a behavior. This is determined through the assessment
of beliefs of a person. In contrast to this, subjective norm is defined as the perception of an
individual as to how important do people around the individual think that a particular behavior
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should be performed. Based on individual attitude and subjective norms, people make conscious
choices regarding their behavior (Research Summaries, 2016). Theory of reasoned action helps
in understanding the specific beliefs, attitudes and norms which influence teenagers and make
them adopt sexual behavior at an early age. By gaining knowledge about the ways in which
individual behavior leads to teenage pregnancy, effective interventions can be undertaken in the
direction. Theory of reasoned action can be used for understanding the sexual behavior of
teenagers. This is because, among adolescents sexual behavior is characterized to be unplanned
and impulsive. Beliefs, values, attitudes of teenagers about sex impact their behavioral intentions
and make them engage in early sexual activity (Amoran, 2012). Teenagers also experience
increased peer pressure from their friends, classmates and other per groups to engage in sexual
activity. This can be regarded as the subjective norms. Hence, by understanding these factors
which influence teenage behavior, their behavior can be changed by adopting various methods.
This helps in health promotion in the area of teenage pregnancy.
Alternatives considered but dismissed
There are other models as well which were considered for the theoretical basis. However,
these were dismissed due to various reasons. Health belief model is regarded as a psychological
health behavior change model. It helps in explaining and predicting health related behaviors.
According to this model, there are various factors which explain the engagement of an individual
in health promoting behavior (Joyce and Yates, 2011). These include beliefs about health
problems, perceived benefits of action, barriers to action and self efficacy. However, it can be
critically analysed that for tackling the problem of teenage pregnancy in an impoverished area
like Wolverhampton, there is a need to consider other factors as well which influence health
behaviors. As young people in this area are deprived of the basic facilities and services, this
influences their health behavior. This is one of the reasons behind high rates of teenage
pregnancy in Wolverhampton (Hoggart, 2012). Hence, health belief model was dismissed and
not applied for health promotion to tackle the issue of teenage pregnancy.
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Critical examination and evaluation of previous projects
Every child matter and Youth Matters program was undertaken to reshape children's and
young people's services. The program offered an opportunity to identify the risk factors which
are associated with teenage pregnancy. It also provided a chance to the young people to make
positive choices about their health (Teenage Pregnancy, 2010). However, it can be critically
evaluated that the programmed lacked in various aspects in influencing young people's decisions
about their sexual behavior. As per the program, messages were sent to the young girls and
making them aware about the negative consequences of making sexual contact at an early age.
However, these did not prove to be effective in bringing a behavior change in teenagers. It can be
critically analysed that in Wolverhampton, there is a need to make counseling and support
services available for the teenagers. Merely sending messages would not help in eradicating the
problem of teenage pregnancy in an area which is much deprived than other areas of UK (Baird
and Porter, 2011). This indicates that the present funding proposal need to devise and implement
strategies at the school as well as the community level in Wolverhampton.
Another project was Teenage Pregnancy Strategy which was launched with the target to
half the rate of under 18 contraception by the year 2010. The strategy was launched in 1999 and
shows steady progress (Luttrell, 2014). However, it can be critically analysed that the levels of
teenage pregnancy in Wolverhampton are worse than England average. This indicates that the
strategy may have worked in other areas of UK but it has not been effective in the city of
Wolverhampton. The issue of teenage pregnancy has become a serious concern in the area.
Considering the loopholes in the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy, there is a need to effectively
deliver strategies at the local level. There is a need to strengthen the implementation of
counseling and education interventions within the area and focus on 'hot spot' neighborhoods and
young people who are at high risk (Annas and Mariner, 2011). Further, the present funding
proposal is required to address poor progress in the areas such as use of contraception, provision
of sexual health services etc.
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METHODS OF EVALUATION
The proposal needs to be evaluated in order to demonstrate its quality. This is important
for the measurement of effectiveness and contribution of the proposal to dealing with the issues
of teenage pregnancy in Wolverhampton. For this, there is availability of a number of evaluation
tools and frameworks which can be used for assessing the present funding proposal to tackle the
problem o teenage pregnancy (Johns, Dickins and Clegg, 2011). Formative evaluation can be
undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the proposed funding project. This will be associated
with process evaluation. It will include acquisition and development of necessary resources. In
order to implement the proposal, there will be requirement of resources in physical, human,
financial form. By examining the resources requires, the current project can be evaluated.
Another method that can be used for evaluating the present funding proposal is survey
and questionnaire. These are instruments which can be used after implementation of the project.
These effectively help in determining whether the desired changes have occurred over time
(Fletcher, 2012). Moreover, another strength of questionnaires and surveys is that these can be
used at one point in time and hence are effective at determining the status of the issue of teenage
pregnancy in Wolverhampton.
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CONCLUSION
From the report, it can be concluded that Wolverhampton is one of the most deprived
areas in UK. It suffers from the problem of teenage pregnancy which has become a serious
concern for the city. The levels of teenage pregnancy in Wolverhampton are worse than the
England average. Teenage pregnancy has serious negative consequences for both the teenage
mother as well as the child. It exposes the child as well as the mother to various health risks. This
generates the need for implementing the funding proposal in Wolverhampton. Beattie's model
and theory of reasoned action can form the theoretical basis for the proposal. For evaluating the
proposal various methods can be used. These are formative evaluation, summative evaluation
and surveys and questionnaires.
REFERENCES
● Annas, G. J. and Mariner, W. K., 2011. Women and Children Last—The Predictable Effects
of Proposed Federal Funding Cuts. New England Journal of Medicine. 364(17). pp.1590-
1591.
● Anning, A. and Ball, M., 2008. Improving services for young children: from Sure Start to
children's centres. Sage.
● Baird, A. S. and Porter, C. C., 2011. Teenage pregnancy: strategies for
prevention. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine.
● Boonstra, H. D., 2011. Teen pregnancy among young women in foster care: A
primer. Guttmacher Policy Review.
● Fletcher, J. M., 2012. The effects of teenage childbearing on the short-and long-term health
behaviors of mothers. Journal of Population Economics.