This document discusses three relevant advertising theorists and their theories: 1. Roland Barthes' theory of denotation and connotation, which refers to the literal and implied meanings in signs and images. 2. Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model of communication, which considers how audiences interpret messages based on their social/cultural contexts and can decode messages in dominant, negotiated, or oppositional ways. 3. Gillian Dyer's theory that advertising typically portrays hedonistic lifestyles focused on pleasure and self-indulgence. The document asks how this theory can be applied to a print advertisement. It encourages analyzing an Old Spice advertisement using Barthes' and Hall's theories