This document discusses the relationship between economic growth and public expenditure in India based on Wagner's Law. It introduces the six versions of Wagner's Law proposed by different economists from 1961 to 1980. The document then reviews several previous studies that have examined the validity of Wagner's Law in India and other countries. The focus of the current study is described as examining the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth in India using the six versions of Wagner's Law. The study uses annual time series data from 1970-71 to 2011-12 and tools like unit root tests, cointegration analysis, vector error correction models, and Granger causality tests to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.
Revisiting the link between government spending and economic growth in the pr...iosrjce
This paper aims to revisit the link between government spending and economic growth in the present
of Wagner’s Law in Nigeria from 1972-2011. The examination is based on the functional form of Wagner Law
augmented by incorporating the square of GDP. We employed ARDL bound testing, combine cointegration and
Toda-Yamamoto non- Granger causality test in this study. Cointegration was found in both methods, and the
causality test supports the presence of Wagner’ Law. However, increase in GDP (i.e. Square of GDP) has an
adverse impact on economic growth. This shows that GDP as a proxy for economic growth has a certain point
from which, any additional increase will reduce government spending. Therefore, the government needs to come
up with programs that will motivate small and medium enterprises at all levels of government. Hence, the
increase in GDP in the long run, tend to reduce government expenditure, which in turn prevents deficit
financing
The main focus of this study is to investigate the impact of expansion in economic growth on
government expenditure in Nigeria covering the periods 1970 to 2012. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was
used as a proxy for economic growth, and the GDP time series was decomposed using the partial sum approach
in order to achieve asymmetry in the variable. The asymmetric ARDL estimation technique was appropriately
employed in this study. The findings of this study revealed that expansion in economic growth has significant
impact on government expenditure in Nigeria. The study further provided evidence of long-run causality from
boom/expansion in economic growth to government expenditure in Nigeria but could not support any evidence
of short-run causality. The researcher recommended among others, that Governments in Nigeria should give
more impetus to policies that will guarantee sustainable economic growth.
Using time series data, this study investigated the effect of aggregated and disaggregated public spending on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1980 – 2015. Time series data such as aggregated expenditure proxy by total federal government expenditure (TFGE), disaggregated expenditure proxy by recurrent expenditure (REXP) and capital expenditure (CEXP,) and economic growth proxy by GDP were obtained from central bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to estimate the model. The result of the finding revealed that the total federal government expenditure (TFGE) and capital expenditure (CEXP) exerts positive and significant influences on GDP while recurrent expenditure (REXP) has a positive and insignificant influence on GDP. This implies that the higher the public spending, the higher the GDP. The researchers therefore, recommend that for sustainable Economic Growth (GDP), federal government should increase capital expenditure by allocating more funds to the productive sector of the economy. More so, the positive contributions of public spending to economic growth necessitate the continued use of fiscal policy instruments to pursue macroeconomic objectives in Nigeria.
Revisiting the link between government spending and economic growth in the pr...iosrjce
This paper aims to revisit the link between government spending and economic growth in the present
of Wagner’s Law in Nigeria from 1972-2011. The examination is based on the functional form of Wagner Law
augmented by incorporating the square of GDP. We employed ARDL bound testing, combine cointegration and
Toda-Yamamoto non- Granger causality test in this study. Cointegration was found in both methods, and the
causality test supports the presence of Wagner’ Law. However, increase in GDP (i.e. Square of GDP) has an
adverse impact on economic growth. This shows that GDP as a proxy for economic growth has a certain point
from which, any additional increase will reduce government spending. Therefore, the government needs to come
up with programs that will motivate small and medium enterprises at all levels of government. Hence, the
increase in GDP in the long run, tend to reduce government expenditure, which in turn prevents deficit
financing
The main focus of this study is to investigate the impact of expansion in economic growth on
government expenditure in Nigeria covering the periods 1970 to 2012. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was
used as a proxy for economic growth, and the GDP time series was decomposed using the partial sum approach
in order to achieve asymmetry in the variable. The asymmetric ARDL estimation technique was appropriately
employed in this study. The findings of this study revealed that expansion in economic growth has significant
impact on government expenditure in Nigeria. The study further provided evidence of long-run causality from
boom/expansion in economic growth to government expenditure in Nigeria but could not support any evidence
of short-run causality. The researcher recommended among others, that Governments in Nigeria should give
more impetus to policies that will guarantee sustainable economic growth.
Using time series data, this study investigated the effect of aggregated and disaggregated public spending on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1980 – 2015. Time series data such as aggregated expenditure proxy by total federal government expenditure (TFGE), disaggregated expenditure proxy by recurrent expenditure (REXP) and capital expenditure (CEXP,) and economic growth proxy by GDP were obtained from central bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to estimate the model. The result of the finding revealed that the total federal government expenditure (TFGE) and capital expenditure (CEXP) exerts positive and significant influences on GDP while recurrent expenditure (REXP) has a positive and insignificant influence on GDP. This implies that the higher the public spending, the higher the GDP. The researchers therefore, recommend that for sustainable Economic Growth (GDP), federal government should increase capital expenditure by allocating more funds to the productive sector of the economy. More so, the positive contributions of public spending to economic growth necessitate the continued use of fiscal policy instruments to pursue macroeconomic objectives in Nigeria.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Nig...iosrjce
This study has examined the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria using time
series data for the period 1970-2012. Secondary data were sourced from the CBN, NBS, journals, text books
etc. The adopted model was fitted with three variables: real GDP, capital and recurrent expenditure. The tools
of analysis were the ADF unit root test and ordinary least square multiple regression accompanied by pairwise
Granger causality test. The major objective of this study is to analyse the impact as well as direction of
causality between the fiscal variables and economic growth. All the variables included in the model are
stationary at level. Empirical findings from the study show that there is positive and insignificant relationship
between capital expenditure and economic growth while recurrent expenditure had a significant positive impact
on economic growth. Also, Granger causality test demonstrates a unidirectional causality running from the
fiscal variables to economic growth in validation of the Keynesian theory. Consequently, the study
recommended more allocation of resources for recurrent purposes as well; government should establish the
body that will monitor contract awarding process of capital projects closely, to guard against over estimation of
project cost and stealing of public funds.
Abstract: The paper examines the impact of public sectoral expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2013. It was observed that the growth of government expenditure has not fully felt by the economy. The econometric methodology employed is the ARDL model and results show that while the impact of government expenditure on administration and debt servicing were positive on economic growth in the long and short run, expenditure on economic and social sectors has negative impact. We argue that this may not be unconnected with the high level of corruption prevalent in the public sector where funds that are meant for provision or maintenance of social-economic activities like agriculture, roads, transportations, schools and hospitals are diverted for personal use. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ test show the model is stable as neither of them cross the 5% boundary. The paper recommended that government should increase expenditure to the social and economic sectors while debts or debt servicing should be reduced. Also, corruption so prevalent in the public sector must be minimized if cannot be eradicated.
Since the late 1990s, aggregate inflation has been less sensitive to changes in economic conditions than it has in previous decades. Analysis using the Phillips curve model at the component level shows that cyclical sensitivity of inflation varies substantially for different types of goods and services. In particular, inflation for most service components (such as shelter) and food has remained largely “pro-cyclical” (that is, rising during economic expansions and falling during economic contractions), but inflation for many types of goods (such as motor vehicles) has not. The lack of cyclical sensitivity in price inflation for goods helps explain the decreased cyclical sensitivity of aggregate inflation over the past two decades.
Also during that period, inflation expectations have become more anchored and less dependent on past inflation. Analysis using the Phillips curve model with 10 different measures of aggregate inflation suggests that that process is probably incomplete. In particular, both past inflation and the constant term in the Phillips curve model appear to help explain the dynamics of inflation through the lens of that model.
Presentation by Yiqun Gloria Chen, an analyst in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the University of Michigan’s 66th Annual Economic Outlook Conference.
Revisiting the link between government spending and economic growth in the pr...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) discourages theoretical articles that are limited to axiomatics or that discuss minor variations of familiar models. Similarly, IOSR-JEF has little interest in empirical papers that do not explain the model's theoretical foundations or that exhausts themselves in applying a new or established technique (such as cointegration) to another data set without providing very good reasons why this research is important.
Statistical Analysis of Interrelationship between Money Supply Exchange Rates...Atif Ahmed
Several researches have been conducted to study the impact of different macro-economic variables and their influence on government expenditure. By using different statistical tools researchers have examined that how money supply and exchange rate influence the government expenditure. Few other studies also conducted work on the quarterly time series data to examine the long run equilibrium association between the macroeconomic variables.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Nig...iosrjce
This study has examined the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria using time
series data for the period 1970-2012. Secondary data were sourced from the CBN, NBS, journals, text books
etc. The adopted model was fitted with three variables: real GDP, capital and recurrent expenditure. The tools
of analysis were the ADF unit root test and ordinary least square multiple regression accompanied by pairwise
Granger causality test. The major objective of this study is to analyse the impact as well as direction of
causality between the fiscal variables and economic growth. All the variables included in the model are
stationary at level. Empirical findings from the study show that there is positive and insignificant relationship
between capital expenditure and economic growth while recurrent expenditure had a significant positive impact
on economic growth. Also, Granger causality test demonstrates a unidirectional causality running from the
fiscal variables to economic growth in validation of the Keynesian theory. Consequently, the study
recommended more allocation of resources for recurrent purposes as well; government should establish the
body that will monitor contract awarding process of capital projects closely, to guard against over estimation of
project cost and stealing of public funds.
Abstract: The paper examines the impact of public sectoral expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2013. It was observed that the growth of government expenditure has not fully felt by the economy. The econometric methodology employed is the ARDL model and results show that while the impact of government expenditure on administration and debt servicing were positive on economic growth in the long and short run, expenditure on economic and social sectors has negative impact. We argue that this may not be unconnected with the high level of corruption prevalent in the public sector where funds that are meant for provision or maintenance of social-economic activities like agriculture, roads, transportations, schools and hospitals are diverted for personal use. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ test show the model is stable as neither of them cross the 5% boundary. The paper recommended that government should increase expenditure to the social and economic sectors while debts or debt servicing should be reduced. Also, corruption so prevalent in the public sector must be minimized if cannot be eradicated.
Since the late 1990s, aggregate inflation has been less sensitive to changes in economic conditions than it has in previous decades. Analysis using the Phillips curve model at the component level shows that cyclical sensitivity of inflation varies substantially for different types of goods and services. In particular, inflation for most service components (such as shelter) and food has remained largely “pro-cyclical” (that is, rising during economic expansions and falling during economic contractions), but inflation for many types of goods (such as motor vehicles) has not. The lack of cyclical sensitivity in price inflation for goods helps explain the decreased cyclical sensitivity of aggregate inflation over the past two decades.
Also during that period, inflation expectations have become more anchored and less dependent on past inflation. Analysis using the Phillips curve model with 10 different measures of aggregate inflation suggests that that process is probably incomplete. In particular, both past inflation and the constant term in the Phillips curve model appear to help explain the dynamics of inflation through the lens of that model.
Presentation by Yiqun Gloria Chen, an analyst in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the University of Michigan’s 66th Annual Economic Outlook Conference.
Revisiting the link between government spending and economic growth in the pr...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) discourages theoretical articles that are limited to axiomatics or that discuss minor variations of familiar models. Similarly, IOSR-JEF has little interest in empirical papers that do not explain the model's theoretical foundations or that exhausts themselves in applying a new or established technique (such as cointegration) to another data set without providing very good reasons why this research is important.
Statistical Analysis of Interrelationship between Money Supply Exchange Rates...Atif Ahmed
Several researches have been conducted to study the impact of different macro-economic variables and their influence on government expenditure. By using different statistical tools researchers have examined that how money supply and exchange rate influence the government expenditure. Few other studies also conducted work on the quarterly time series data to examine the long run equilibrium association between the macroeconomic variables.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This paper studies the causal relationship between inflation and economic growth in Qatar for the period of 1980 to 2016. A time series analysis of unit roots tests, Johansen cointegration method and Granger causality tests were applied on data. The variables were found to be cointegrated, hence a long run-relationship between them exists. Granger causality test found causality runs from inflation to economic growth.
Measurement and Analysis of the Stability of Local Fiscal RevenueIJAEMSJORNAL
The stability of fiscal revenue, so called the fluctuation of fiscal revenue, refers to the fluctuation degree of local government's actual fiscal revenue deviating from the expected fiscal revenue. As the main way of funds for local governments to perform public service functions, fiscal revenue is an important starting point for local governments to regulate and participate in economic activities. The drastic fluctuation of fiscal revenue will interfere with the government's economic functions, reduce the quantity and quality of public services, and produce inefficient government activities. The economic and social activities carried out by governments at all levels in practice are numerous and complicated, which can be classified according to different purposes and perspectives. However, no matter which classification method is adopted, stable financial revenue is the core guarantee of government economic activities, which is in the position of "leading the development and affecting the whole body". Based on the combination variance method of white (1983), this paper constructs the stability index of local fiscal revenue, and measures the stability of fiscal revenue of all provinces in China, and interprets and analyzes the measurement results through the theoretical method of economics. It is found that there are significant regional differences in the fluctuation of local fiscal revenue in China. By comparing the changes of fiscal revenue fluctuation index in 2000, 2009 and 2018, the fluctuation index of fiscal revenue shows obvious regional differences. The fluctuation degree of the economically developed eastern coastal area is lower than that of the underdeveloped central and Western Region, and the southern region with lower economic activity is significantly lower than that of the north. On the other hand, the external shocks such as "replacing business tax with value-added tax" and financial crisis also have a positive impact on local tax fluctuations. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it is found that good economic foundation, capital accumulation, industrial structure and geographical location have a great impact on financial stability. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the gap between the stability of fiscal revenue in different regions, actively improve the economic foundation of the poor stability of the central and western regions, formulate differentiated economic and financial policies, vigorously develop the secondary and tertiary industries, and improve the stability of fiscal revenue to cope with regional economic risks and improve the administrative efficiency of the government.
Variations or irregular rise of consumer price index worldwide of which Ghana is no exception has affected many businesses in the country. However, the obvious indicator of an inflationary situation is rising prices of consumer goods. On the basis of the above, the researchers decided to do a trend analysis on consumer price indices obtained from the Ghana Statistical Service to serve as a guide to the business community in Ghana. The main objective of the analysis is to determine the overall pattern in the data and to subsequently fit an appropriate trend for forecasting future values. The main statistical technique used in this work is time series analysis. Based on the trend analysis carried out, the study revealed that, there was general upward trend in the CPIs in Ghana, collaborating an earlier research conducted by Ampofo. However, the shapes of graphs of the CPIs, showed a slight difference. Finally, forecast values or predictions for the CPIs were made for the year 2008.
Similar to Relationship between economic growth and public expenditure (20)
A global_outlook_of_economic_expansion_and_environmental_degradation-__an_emp...Marwadi University Rajkot
The study initiated with the questioning about the relation among economic growth, energy use in industries and environmental pollutants of countries in the world. This research work uses cubic function for which data collected in both time series and cross section the panel econometric models such as pooled OLS, unit root tests, co-integration, ADL models were used. This study measures the relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth. The research advocates that the correlation among CO2, energy consumption and economic development in major countries of the world on both co-integration and individual cross-country results. The study also recombed on the lower time period as well as long term relation embrace environmental protection plan such as re-usable sources, greenery development as directed by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and other Environmental agencies in the world and vis versa to control on carbon emissions in coming years.
Keywords: Industrial energy use, environmental pollutants, economic growth, CO2 emissions, panel data models, Environmental Kuznets Curve
Dr. Dhiresh Kulshrestha
Associate Professor of Economics
Faculty of Business Management, Marwadi University Rajkot
Prof. Sunil Kumar Jakhoria
Professor & Dean
Faculty of Business Management, Marwadi University Rajkot
Dr Dhiresh Kulshrestha Associate Professor of Economics Faculty of Business Management Marwadi University Rajkot
Prof. Sunil Jakhoria Professor & Dean, Faculty of Business Management Marwadi University Rajkot
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The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
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USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
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Eligibility Criteria:
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Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
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Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
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Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
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USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
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US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
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how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.