The document discusses the significance and methods of reforestation, emphasizing its role in maintaining ecological balance and mitigating deforestation. It details natural (seed tree and shelterwood methods) and artificial (planting seedlings and direct seeding) reforestation methods, along with their advantages. Additionally, it highlights the importance of forests in providing habitat, regulating water flow, and absorbing carbon dioxide, with specific reference to reforestation efforts in Pakistan, such as the Billion Tree Tsunami initiative.

1. Presentation topic Reforestation
Submitted by Tahir Mehmood 1525
Submitted to Dr. Javid Iqbal Siddique
Subject ecology
Department zoology (morning)
Semester 6th
GOVT.POST GRADUATE COLLEGE SAMANABAD(FAISALABAD)

2. contents
• Reforestation
• Why reforestation is imported?
• Methods of reforestation
• Natural methods of reforestation
• Advantages of natural method
• Artificial method of reforestation
• Advantages of artificial method
• Method of transplanting
• Temperature range
• Planting season
• Importance of forests
• Reforestation in Pakistan

3. REFORESTATION

4. REFORESTATION
Establishing or re-establishing the
forest through natural or artificial
means

5. Why reforestation is important?
Reforestation is a very important procedure in order to save our
planet.
Forests play a very important role in order to maintain the balance in
the ecosystem.
 Forests also play a vital role in maintaining the water cycle,
preventing soil erosion.

6.  Forests are responsible for maintaining the balance of
carbon dioxide and oxygen the in earth’s atmosphere.
 Overcome deforestation and to restore the natural
balance of plant life on the planet.

7. Deforestation a serious threat……

8. METHODS OF REFORESTATION
There are two methods of reforestation:
Natural method
Artificial method

9. NATURAL METHOD
The reforestation through natural method
consist of two further methods:
Seed tree method
Shelterwood method

10. Seed tree method

11. Seed tree method
•Most popular method used for natural
reforestation
•Dependant on size and seed producing capacity of
trees
•Leave between 6 to 12 trees per acre evenly
distributed over the area

12. Shelterwood Method
 Removing trees in a series of two or more cuttings so new
seedlings can grow from the seed of older trees is called
shelterwood method.
Many tree species do not tolerate major shade during the early
stages of development.
So some old plants have to remove so that the new sprouting
plants can get light and proper space for growth and
development.

13. Shelterwood method

14. Advantages of Natural Method:
•Low cost
•Less labor and equipment required
•No problem with local seed origin
•Good early root development
•Less soil erosion

15. Artificial Reforestation Methods
•Planting seedlings
•Direct seeding

16. Planting Seedlings
In this method the germinating seeds or plants at early development are
implanted to soil.
We can control the spacing ,site of planting ,and variety of plants by using
this method.
This is one of the most efficient method used for reforestation.

17. Plant seedlings

18. Direct seeding
In this method seeds of different plant species are directly transported
to the site.
Most popular method used for forestation.
Less time consuming method.
Less labour is required.

19. Direct seeding

20. Methods of Transplanting
Hand planting-using a dibble to plant seedlings
Mechanical planting-using a tractor and planter
to plant seedlings

21. Hand planting
A good crew can average
1000 seedlings per man day.
Seedlings should be carried in
bags or buckets and kept
moist

22. Machine Planting
Under normal conditions
a machine planting crew
can plant from 8000 to
10,000 seedlings per day
Travel speed should be no
faster than 2-2 ½ mph

23. Aerial planting
.
 The plantation with the
modern technology
drones and helicopter is
called the aerial
plantation

24. Aerial plantation

25. Adantanges of Artificial Reforestation:
Control spacing and stocking
Use of genetically improved seedlings
Disease resistant seedlings
Allows for change in species

26. Planting season
In pakistan the season runs from the early
November to the middle of March with the
optimum planting period being from December
to mid-February.

27. Planting temperature
Best range for planting is 33-75 degrees
Marginal range is 76-85 degrees
Critical range is 32 degrees or less and above 85
DO NOT PLANT IF TEMPS ARE IN CRITICAL RANGE!

28. Importance of reforestation
Forests are the important
component of the human
environment.
Forests provide us timber
construction wood for
houses ,fire wood and
herbal medicine.

29. Importance of reforestation
Forests regulate the
flow of water in
streams.

30. Importance of reforestation
 Forest prevent
soil from erosion.

31. Importance of reforestation
Forests provide the habitat to
the wild animals.
Forests are the sourse of food
for many animals.
Forests are very important
are very important to
preserve the endangered
species.

32. Importance of reforestation
• Plants absorbs the Carbon dioxide and prevent from global warming.
• Forests maintain the climate in a specific region.
• They maintain the temperature through transpiration and sourse of rain.
• Forests are called the environmental buffers they make the environment very
pleasant.

33. Reforestation in Pakistan
The BillionTreeTsunami was
launched in 2014, by the
government of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
 Billion Tree Tsunami
restores 350,000 hectares
of forests

34. Reforestation in Pakistan