Spatial Mental Models and Navigation Support Apps for People who are Blind – a Case Study by David Brown, Lindsay Evett, Malcolm Harrison, Allan Ridley & Nick Shopland
El niño fabrica una nave espacial con materiales caseros y juega a ser astronauta con sus amigos. Luego su papá le construye una nave de verdad, con la que el niño y sus amigos emprenden un viaje imaginario al espacio, donde ven planetas y estrellas. Al final, el niño descubre que todo fue solo un sueño.
Presentación de D. Fernando Sánchez Ávila, responsable de RRHH de Carrefour Asturias, en la Jornada de Riesgos Laborales Psicosociales de Intgraf. Gijón octubre 2015.
The document summarizes the airfield infrastructure and facilities at Vnukovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia. It describes the two runways that can accommodate all aircraft types, including heavy aircraft like the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747. It also provides details about the terminals, passenger capacity, airlines, services available, and cargo facilities. Vnukovo Airport has two passenger terminals and one cargo terminal, and can handle up to 35 million passengers annually. It offers domestic and international flights, with services and facilities to accommodate all passengers.
Lemonade Alley is a contest that teaches kids financial literacy and philanthropy. Teams of K-12 students create lemonade recipes, build stands, and sell lemonade to raise money for charities. It includes workshops on recipes, booths, and sales. Teams compete based on business plans, lemonade taste, booths, pitches, and sales. The event has supported over 30 charities, raising over $38,000 for charity over 5 years. It is sponsored by local businesses and receives media coverage.
A comparative life cycle assessment of marine power systems_FinalJanie Ling Chin
This document summarizes a study that performed a comparative life cycle assessment of different marine power systems for cargo ships. The study compared a conventional diesel mechanical system to an advanced retrofit system and new-build system incorporating emerging technologies. The life cycle assessment models developed for each system's components showed that the retrofit and new-build systems consumed less fuel and emitted fewer emissions during operation, but required more resources during manufacture. For most environmental impact categories, both advanced systems achieved reductions compared to the conventional system, with the new-build system showing the greatest potential reductions. However, some impact categories like ecotoxicity and fossil fuel depletion increased more for the advanced systems. The study provides insights on the relative environmental performances of different marine power system
This document provides an English lesson about e-mail. It contains an article discussing how e-mail keeps the author busy, with their inbox always full. While e-mail allows quick communication, the author receives a lot of junk mail and requests. The document then provides exercises for learners, including a gap fill, spelling corrections, rearranging words, writing questions, conducting a student survey, writing about e-mail, and suggesting homework assignments that involve further research and activities related to e-mail.
La Defensoría del Pueblo de Pilar informó que, por tercer año consecutivo, Edenor encabeza el ranking de reclamos de los usuarios según su informe anual. La salud del intendente Zúccaro mejora y fue trasladado a terapia intermedia tras su operación. Además, la edil Liliana Monje renunció a la intendencia interina y el jefe de Gabinete Federico de Achával asumirá el cargo de forma temporal.
Global Presales Community - June Leadership MeetingJonathan Malkin
Sales Engineers from around the world are coming together in the first international association for Sales Engineers and Sales Managers. Go to http://presales.community to learn more.
Tremendous growth in the last two months! Over 1000 people!
Attendees from Dubai, Atlanta, Austin, Seattle, and more attended to see the latest stats and learn how Sales Engineers and Managers around the world can help grow the organization.
El niño fabrica una nave espacial con materiales caseros y juega a ser astronauta con sus amigos. Luego su papá le construye una nave de verdad, con la que el niño y sus amigos emprenden un viaje imaginario al espacio, donde ven planetas y estrellas. Al final, el niño descubre que todo fue solo un sueño.
Presentación de D. Fernando Sánchez Ávila, responsable de RRHH de Carrefour Asturias, en la Jornada de Riesgos Laborales Psicosociales de Intgraf. Gijón octubre 2015.
The document summarizes the airfield infrastructure and facilities at Vnukovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia. It describes the two runways that can accommodate all aircraft types, including heavy aircraft like the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747. It also provides details about the terminals, passenger capacity, airlines, services available, and cargo facilities. Vnukovo Airport has two passenger terminals and one cargo terminal, and can handle up to 35 million passengers annually. It offers domestic and international flights, with services and facilities to accommodate all passengers.
Lemonade Alley is a contest that teaches kids financial literacy and philanthropy. Teams of K-12 students create lemonade recipes, build stands, and sell lemonade to raise money for charities. It includes workshops on recipes, booths, and sales. Teams compete based on business plans, lemonade taste, booths, pitches, and sales. The event has supported over 30 charities, raising over $38,000 for charity over 5 years. It is sponsored by local businesses and receives media coverage.
A comparative life cycle assessment of marine power systems_FinalJanie Ling Chin
This document summarizes a study that performed a comparative life cycle assessment of different marine power systems for cargo ships. The study compared a conventional diesel mechanical system to an advanced retrofit system and new-build system incorporating emerging technologies. The life cycle assessment models developed for each system's components showed that the retrofit and new-build systems consumed less fuel and emitted fewer emissions during operation, but required more resources during manufacture. For most environmental impact categories, both advanced systems achieved reductions compared to the conventional system, with the new-build system showing the greatest potential reductions. However, some impact categories like ecotoxicity and fossil fuel depletion increased more for the advanced systems. The study provides insights on the relative environmental performances of different marine power system
This document provides an English lesson about e-mail. It contains an article discussing how e-mail keeps the author busy, with their inbox always full. While e-mail allows quick communication, the author receives a lot of junk mail and requests. The document then provides exercises for learners, including a gap fill, spelling corrections, rearranging words, writing questions, conducting a student survey, writing about e-mail, and suggesting homework assignments that involve further research and activities related to e-mail.
La Defensoría del Pueblo de Pilar informó que, por tercer año consecutivo, Edenor encabeza el ranking de reclamos de los usuarios según su informe anual. La salud del intendente Zúccaro mejora y fue trasladado a terapia intermedia tras su operación. Además, la edil Liliana Monje renunció a la intendencia interina y el jefe de Gabinete Federico de Achával asumirá el cargo de forma temporal.
Global Presales Community - June Leadership MeetingJonathan Malkin
Sales Engineers from around the world are coming together in the first international association for Sales Engineers and Sales Managers. Go to http://presales.community to learn more.
Tremendous growth in the last two months! Over 1000 people!
Attendees from Dubai, Atlanta, Austin, Seattle, and more attended to see the latest stats and learn how Sales Engineers and Managers around the world can help grow the organization.
This document provides details on cruise packages and voyages offered by CMV Australia, including departure dates, destinations, prices and booking contacts. Over 15 cruises are listed departing from locations like Fremantle, Australia between December 2014 and October 2015, traveling to places in Australia, Asia, Africa and Europe. Contact information is provided for several travel agencies customers can book through.
O documento apresenta uma introdução a uma obra filosófica sobre a presença total do ser. Defende que o pensamento não nos separa do mundo mas nos permite estabelecer-nos nele, descobrindo a imensidão do real do qual fazemos parte. Argumenta que só é possível confiar na vida e no pensamento se estivermos inscritos num absoluto presente em todo o seu inteiro, do qual somos responsáveis.
El documento presenta la historia del autor y su experiencia inicial fallida en el marketing multinivel. Intentó reclutar personas de su lista de contactos y pidiendo referidos, pero tuvo poco éxito. Luego trató de contactar extraños en la calle y hacer encuestas, pero tampoco funcionó. Después de dos años sin resultados, buscó un nuevo enfoque y compañía. Al descubrir el potencial de Internet, decidió estudiar marketing en línea en lugar de contactar personas al azar.
The document provides information about the batch profile of students admitted to the Indian Institute of Management Rohtak for the 2014-16 academic years. It includes statistics on the academic backgrounds, work experience, specializations and achievements of the 79 students in the batch. The batch has diverse educational qualifications ranging from engineering, commerce to sciences. Most students have 0-2 years of work experience with a few having more than 4 years of experience. The most popular specializations among the students are finance, marketing and operations. The profiles also list some of the achievements and accomplishments of individual students.
Este documento presenta información sobre la historia de Colombia. Brevemente describe que los primeros rastros de presencia humana se encontraron alrededor del río Magdalena, y que los españoles establecieron su primera colonia en 1510. Más tarde, en 1538, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada conquistó Santa Fe de Bogotá. Colombia obtuvo su independencia de España en 1819 luego de las victorias militares de Simón Bolívar.
The document discusses key concepts in services marketing and design. It summarizes that services have intangible and simultaneous production and consumption characteristics that pose distinctive challenges for design. It outlines the 7 Ps of services marketing and emphasizes the importance of interaction design. It also discusses concepts like value co-creation, service systems, servuction models, and the service theater metaphor.
Jose Cantero Director y profesor del Curso Programa avanzado en Marketing Ex...José Cantero Gómez
Curso presencial marketing experiencial de 75 horas de duración.
Programa avanzado de Marketing experiencial desarrollado conjuntamente con la escuela de negocios Madrid Scholl Of Marketing.
Director del Programa: José Cantero. Consultor y formador en Marketing experiencial.
1.Conocer con una visión general las nuevas e innovadoras técnicas de Gestión del Marketing desde la perspectiva del marketing experiencial
2.Identificar los aspectos claves y metodología de la denominada economía de la experiencia como nueva e innovadora propuesta de valor diferenciadora en la estrategia de comunicación y marketing
3.Poner en valor el Marketing Experiencial como estrategia de innovación para ayudarnos a enfrentarnos en un entorno de crisis muy competitivo
4.Afrontar y desarrollar con éxito un proyecto de marketing experiencial
5.Diseñar, conceptualizar e implementar campañas de comunicación concebidas desde el marketing experiencial
6.Conocer, desarrollar y aplicar las técnicas creativas para generación de nuevas ideas aplicadas al marketing de experiencias
7.Conocer cómo y por qué aplicar el marketing experiencial como estrategia transversal dentro de la empresa
8.Analizar las claves de éxito de casos relevantes de marketing experiencial en diferentes sectores.
9.Conocer y aplicar estratégicamente los diferentes proveedores y módulos experienciales
10.Integrar una estrategia de marketing relacional con la estrategia de marketing
El documento presenta una introducción al I Ching, un antiguo texto chino que ofrece guía y consejo mediante el uso de hexagramas. El I Ching se deriva de la observación de los ciclos naturales y fue desarrollado a lo largo de varias eras por filósofos chinos. Usa los conceptos del yin y el yang para representar las fuerzas opuestas que impulsan el cambio constante. El consultante obtiene un hexagrama mediante el lanzamiento de monedas u otros objetos y su interpretación provee perspectiva sobre la situación
Reglamento de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de las actividades eléctricas 2...Andy Juan Sarango Veliz
Este documento presenta el Reglamento de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo de las Actividades Eléctricas. Establece lineamientos para la gestión de riesgos en la generación, transmisión, distribución y comercialización de electricidad. Incluye definiciones de peligros, riesgos, accidentes e incidentes, y describe los sistemas de gestión, derechos y obligaciones de los trabajadores, y estudios de riesgos que deben realizarse.
Este documento describe las principales rutas metabólicas de degradación de aminoácidos en bacterias lácticas. Explica que las aminotransferasas y descarboxilasas juegan un papel importante al catalizar la degradación de varios aminoácidos. También describe las tres principales rutas para el ácido aspártico en bacterias lácticas, catalizadas por la aspartato aminotransferasa, aspartato descarboxilasa y aspartasa. Finalmente, señala que aunque no se conoce en detalle el catabolismo de la
A C S0103 Perioperative Considerations For Anesthesiamedbookonline
This document discusses perioperative considerations for anesthesia. It notes advancements in modern surgical care and alterations in anesthetic management to maximize patient benefit. A preoperative evaluation is important to assess medical history and current medications. Certain medications may need to be adjusted or discontinued before surgery, such as MAOIs, oral anticoagulants, and some herbal supplements, to reduce risks of adverse reactions or bleeding complications during the procedure. The risks and options for anesthesia should be discussed with the patient.
Este documento presenta una propuesta de trabajo para conmemorar el Día Internacional de la Mujer en un instituto español. Incluye sugerencias para actividades en las aulas y tutorías como charlas, debates, proyecciones de películas y la creación de paneles informativos. También explica brevemente el origen de esta conmemoración y resume los tres grandes etapas de la lucha feminista: la formación del movimiento feminista, la exigencia del voto femenino, y el movimiento de liberación de la mujer. El objetivo es fom
Este documento describe el régimen voluntario y obligatorio de seguridad social en México. Los trabajadores independientes y familias pueden celebrar convenios voluntarios con el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para recibir beneficios de salud. Los trabajadores agrícolas, domésticos y pequeños negocios pueden asegurarse de forma voluntaria. El régimen provee prestaciones médicas, de guardería, culturales, de capacitación, subsidios por enfermedad, maternidad y riesgo laboral, así como pensiones por jubil
El documento describe varios procesos de degradación ambiental causados por la actividad humana como la sobreexplotación de recursos, la contaminación y la expansión urbana. Estos incluyen la deforestación, erosión del suelo, agotamiento de acuíferos, degradación de la fauna, contaminación atmosférica, de aguas y suelos, entre otros. Muchos de estos procesos amenazan ecosistemas y la biodiversidad.
The Process Of Involving Children With Autism In The Design Of A Museum-Based...MuseWeb Foundation
By Dimitra Magkafa, University of West of England, UK, Nigel Newbutt, University of the West of England, UK
Museums are considered active institutions that facilitate the possibility of self- directed learning and exploration. Decades have passed since the implementation of the Disability Act (1995), and we have seen the incorporation of inclusive practices in museums for a diverse range of people including people with autism. In support of this endeavor, this paper seeks to present a process of designing a museum-based application tailored to autistic children’s needs. By adopting a Participatory Design approach, the paper attempts to capture the preferences of a case study group in co-designing an app for a Bristol-based museum. Initial findings emphasize the significance of adopting a participatory methodology in enabling users to provide feedback whilst collaborating among stakeholders. These were found to be key factors in the development of the platform. This paper will also consider the challenges that emerged from the participants' involvement, and how these influenced the design process.
IET Technology Coffee Morning - Location-based learning: education in the WildLiz FitzGerald
Slides presented at the IET Technology Coffee Morning at the Open University.
Abstract and further details available at http://cloudworks.ac.uk/cloudscape/view/2350.
Apresentação spatialthinkingi cologne_26ag09-12Vânia Carlos
This document discusses a research project that aims to promote and assess students' critical spatial thinking skills through the use of geospatial technologies. The project seeks to determine if geospatial technologies can effectively develop and evaluate critical spatial thinking in the context of education for sustainable development. The methodology involves a literature review on spatial and critical thinking, focus groups with specialists and students, developing learning goals involving geospatial technologies, and assessing critical spatial thinking through fieldwork activities. Preliminary findings from focus groups with students indicate that geospatial technologies help promote competencies like environmental responsibility and allow students to explore places they have never been to before. Students also felt they had fun while learning through this approach. The researchers conclude that further focus should be placed on the "
This document provides guidelines for evaluating the design of physical environments, signs, maps, and queues to support navigation and wayfinding. It discusses guidelines related to path design, sign design, map design, and considerations for individuals with disabilities. The key guidelines are to provide clear and consistent information through elements like unique locations, differentiated regions, landmarks, limited navigation options, and clear line of sight. Signs, maps, and other elements should be simple, clear, legible and only provide relevant information.
This document provides details on cruise packages and voyages offered by CMV Australia, including departure dates, destinations, prices and booking contacts. Over 15 cruises are listed departing from locations like Fremantle, Australia between December 2014 and October 2015, traveling to places in Australia, Asia, Africa and Europe. Contact information is provided for several travel agencies customers can book through.
O documento apresenta uma introdução a uma obra filosófica sobre a presença total do ser. Defende que o pensamento não nos separa do mundo mas nos permite estabelecer-nos nele, descobrindo a imensidão do real do qual fazemos parte. Argumenta que só é possível confiar na vida e no pensamento se estivermos inscritos num absoluto presente em todo o seu inteiro, do qual somos responsáveis.
El documento presenta la historia del autor y su experiencia inicial fallida en el marketing multinivel. Intentó reclutar personas de su lista de contactos y pidiendo referidos, pero tuvo poco éxito. Luego trató de contactar extraños en la calle y hacer encuestas, pero tampoco funcionó. Después de dos años sin resultados, buscó un nuevo enfoque y compañía. Al descubrir el potencial de Internet, decidió estudiar marketing en línea en lugar de contactar personas al azar.
The document provides information about the batch profile of students admitted to the Indian Institute of Management Rohtak for the 2014-16 academic years. It includes statistics on the academic backgrounds, work experience, specializations and achievements of the 79 students in the batch. The batch has diverse educational qualifications ranging from engineering, commerce to sciences. Most students have 0-2 years of work experience with a few having more than 4 years of experience. The most popular specializations among the students are finance, marketing and operations. The profiles also list some of the achievements and accomplishments of individual students.
Este documento presenta información sobre la historia de Colombia. Brevemente describe que los primeros rastros de presencia humana se encontraron alrededor del río Magdalena, y que los españoles establecieron su primera colonia en 1510. Más tarde, en 1538, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada conquistó Santa Fe de Bogotá. Colombia obtuvo su independencia de España en 1819 luego de las victorias militares de Simón Bolívar.
The document discusses key concepts in services marketing and design. It summarizes that services have intangible and simultaneous production and consumption characteristics that pose distinctive challenges for design. It outlines the 7 Ps of services marketing and emphasizes the importance of interaction design. It also discusses concepts like value co-creation, service systems, servuction models, and the service theater metaphor.
Jose Cantero Director y profesor del Curso Programa avanzado en Marketing Ex...José Cantero Gómez
Curso presencial marketing experiencial de 75 horas de duración.
Programa avanzado de Marketing experiencial desarrollado conjuntamente con la escuela de negocios Madrid Scholl Of Marketing.
Director del Programa: José Cantero. Consultor y formador en Marketing experiencial.
1.Conocer con una visión general las nuevas e innovadoras técnicas de Gestión del Marketing desde la perspectiva del marketing experiencial
2.Identificar los aspectos claves y metodología de la denominada economía de la experiencia como nueva e innovadora propuesta de valor diferenciadora en la estrategia de comunicación y marketing
3.Poner en valor el Marketing Experiencial como estrategia de innovación para ayudarnos a enfrentarnos en un entorno de crisis muy competitivo
4.Afrontar y desarrollar con éxito un proyecto de marketing experiencial
5.Diseñar, conceptualizar e implementar campañas de comunicación concebidas desde el marketing experiencial
6.Conocer, desarrollar y aplicar las técnicas creativas para generación de nuevas ideas aplicadas al marketing de experiencias
7.Conocer cómo y por qué aplicar el marketing experiencial como estrategia transversal dentro de la empresa
8.Analizar las claves de éxito de casos relevantes de marketing experiencial en diferentes sectores.
9.Conocer y aplicar estratégicamente los diferentes proveedores y módulos experienciales
10.Integrar una estrategia de marketing relacional con la estrategia de marketing
El documento presenta una introducción al I Ching, un antiguo texto chino que ofrece guía y consejo mediante el uso de hexagramas. El I Ching se deriva de la observación de los ciclos naturales y fue desarrollado a lo largo de varias eras por filósofos chinos. Usa los conceptos del yin y el yang para representar las fuerzas opuestas que impulsan el cambio constante. El consultante obtiene un hexagrama mediante el lanzamiento de monedas u otros objetos y su interpretación provee perspectiva sobre la situación
Reglamento de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de las actividades eléctricas 2...Andy Juan Sarango Veliz
Este documento presenta el Reglamento de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo de las Actividades Eléctricas. Establece lineamientos para la gestión de riesgos en la generación, transmisión, distribución y comercialización de electricidad. Incluye definiciones de peligros, riesgos, accidentes e incidentes, y describe los sistemas de gestión, derechos y obligaciones de los trabajadores, y estudios de riesgos que deben realizarse.
Este documento describe las principales rutas metabólicas de degradación de aminoácidos en bacterias lácticas. Explica que las aminotransferasas y descarboxilasas juegan un papel importante al catalizar la degradación de varios aminoácidos. También describe las tres principales rutas para el ácido aspártico en bacterias lácticas, catalizadas por la aspartato aminotransferasa, aspartato descarboxilasa y aspartasa. Finalmente, señala que aunque no se conoce en detalle el catabolismo de la
A C S0103 Perioperative Considerations For Anesthesiamedbookonline
This document discusses perioperative considerations for anesthesia. It notes advancements in modern surgical care and alterations in anesthetic management to maximize patient benefit. A preoperative evaluation is important to assess medical history and current medications. Certain medications may need to be adjusted or discontinued before surgery, such as MAOIs, oral anticoagulants, and some herbal supplements, to reduce risks of adverse reactions or bleeding complications during the procedure. The risks and options for anesthesia should be discussed with the patient.
Este documento presenta una propuesta de trabajo para conmemorar el Día Internacional de la Mujer en un instituto español. Incluye sugerencias para actividades en las aulas y tutorías como charlas, debates, proyecciones de películas y la creación de paneles informativos. También explica brevemente el origen de esta conmemoración y resume los tres grandes etapas de la lucha feminista: la formación del movimiento feminista, la exigencia del voto femenino, y el movimiento de liberación de la mujer. El objetivo es fom
Este documento describe el régimen voluntario y obligatorio de seguridad social en México. Los trabajadores independientes y familias pueden celebrar convenios voluntarios con el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para recibir beneficios de salud. Los trabajadores agrícolas, domésticos y pequeños negocios pueden asegurarse de forma voluntaria. El régimen provee prestaciones médicas, de guardería, culturales, de capacitación, subsidios por enfermedad, maternidad y riesgo laboral, así como pensiones por jubil
El documento describe varios procesos de degradación ambiental causados por la actividad humana como la sobreexplotación de recursos, la contaminación y la expansión urbana. Estos incluyen la deforestación, erosión del suelo, agotamiento de acuíferos, degradación de la fauna, contaminación atmosférica, de aguas y suelos, entre otros. Muchos de estos procesos amenazan ecosistemas y la biodiversidad.
The Process Of Involving Children With Autism In The Design Of A Museum-Based...MuseWeb Foundation
By Dimitra Magkafa, University of West of England, UK, Nigel Newbutt, University of the West of England, UK
Museums are considered active institutions that facilitate the possibility of self- directed learning and exploration. Decades have passed since the implementation of the Disability Act (1995), and we have seen the incorporation of inclusive practices in museums for a diverse range of people including people with autism. In support of this endeavor, this paper seeks to present a process of designing a museum-based application tailored to autistic children’s needs. By adopting a Participatory Design approach, the paper attempts to capture the preferences of a case study group in co-designing an app for a Bristol-based museum. Initial findings emphasize the significance of adopting a participatory methodology in enabling users to provide feedback whilst collaborating among stakeholders. These were found to be key factors in the development of the platform. This paper will also consider the challenges that emerged from the participants' involvement, and how these influenced the design process.
IET Technology Coffee Morning - Location-based learning: education in the WildLiz FitzGerald
Slides presented at the IET Technology Coffee Morning at the Open University.
Abstract and further details available at http://cloudworks.ac.uk/cloudscape/view/2350.
Apresentação spatialthinkingi cologne_26ag09-12Vânia Carlos
This document discusses a research project that aims to promote and assess students' critical spatial thinking skills through the use of geospatial technologies. The project seeks to determine if geospatial technologies can effectively develop and evaluate critical spatial thinking in the context of education for sustainable development. The methodology involves a literature review on spatial and critical thinking, focus groups with specialists and students, developing learning goals involving geospatial technologies, and assessing critical spatial thinking through fieldwork activities. Preliminary findings from focus groups with students indicate that geospatial technologies help promote competencies like environmental responsibility and allow students to explore places they have never been to before. Students also felt they had fun while learning through this approach. The researchers conclude that further focus should be placed on the "
This document provides guidelines for evaluating the design of physical environments, signs, maps, and queues to support navigation and wayfinding. It discusses guidelines related to path design, sign design, map design, and considerations for individuals with disabilities. The key guidelines are to provide clear and consistent information through elements like unique locations, differentiated regions, landmarks, limited navigation options, and clear line of sight. Signs, maps, and other elements should be simple, clear, legible and only provide relevant information.
Learning in the wild: designing for location-based experiencesLiz FitzGerald
This document discusses designing location-based learning experiences using mobile technologies. It presents three case studies: 1) augmenting visitor experiences at heritage sites using different mobile technologies, finding that simplicity is important; 2) comparing people-led and technology-led audio tours of a historical event, finding social interaction enhanced learning; and 3) Situ8, an app for user-generated location-based media creation and sharing to support informal learning about places. The document advocates designing for context, balancing authoritative and user-generated content, and addresses challenges of in-the-wild research and location-based mobile learning.
University of Nottingham - NGI Geospatial Science Example ActivitiesJeremy Morley
The document discusses research areas and projects at the Nottingham Geospatial Institute including spatial data infrastructures, geospatial analysis, openness and interoperability, location-based services, geosemantics, geoinformatics, 3D GIS, crowdsourcing, planetary, and agricultural applications. It provides examples of PhD projects on topics such as crowd-sourcing 3D building interiors, engaging communities for mapping water supplies, and identifying geological features on Mars using crowd-sourcing. Current activities and projects are also listed relating to areas of crowdsourcing, pervasive computing, semantics, spatial interfaces, 3D modeling, open source software and data, and sensor web technologies.
Way-finding challenges of a blind person in a shopping mallMerja Saarela
Presentation at Nordic Network on Disability Research Conference 6.-8.5.2015, Bergen Norway.
Mobility and orientation are very challenging for the blind and visually impaired people. The presentation will show, how these way-finding challenges occur in a shopping mall, and how blind or visually impaired people used audio, tactile and olfactory landmarks.
Augmented Reality for Learning and AccessibilityShalin Hai-Jew
Recently, the presenter conducted a systematic review of the academic literature and an environmental scan to learn how to set up an augmented reality (AR) shop at an institution of higher education. The ambition was to not only set up AR in an accessible and legal way but also be able to test for potential +/- effects of AR on teaching and learning. The research did not go past the review stage, because of a lack of funding, but some insights about accessibility in AR were acquired.
(The visuals are from Deep Dream Generator and CrAIyon.)
This presentation discusses using mobile technology for field learning activities and multimodal presentations. It offers background on mobile learning and then transitions into activities and sequences for teachers and learners to begin conducting their own field research in the Humanities. It is intended to transform habitus for learners, to make connections through mobile technology, and to compose meaning in multimodal ways.
TRB 2011 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Travel Assistance DeviceSean Barbeau
Independence for individuals with disabilities can be facilitated through the use of devices that have been created and adapted for these individuals. Research regarding the use of technology to afford independence to those with disabilities is growing as new electronic devices are created. One such device is the Travel Assistance Device (TAD), a software application for mobile phones which provides real-time navigation guidance to public transportation riders. TAD has undergone technology proof-of-concept testing, which determined that TAD could provide timely prompts to transit riders at the programmed locations. The purpose of this research study was to determine whether the prompts given by TAD would exhibit stimulus control over the participant’s behavior of pulling the cord to stop the bus at the appropriate time and exiting the bus at the appropriate stop. TAD was evaluated in an ABAB design with three adults with mental retardation. Results show favorable outcomes for the 3 participants who were able to pull the bus cord at the appropriate stops and exit the bus only when TAD delivered prompts.
Presented at the National Academy of Sciences’ Transportation Research Board 90th Annual Meeting.
Read the entire paper here:
http://bit.ly/Bolechala-EvaluatingTAD-TRB2011
2011 Transportation Research Board Conference - Evaluating the Effectiveness ...Sean Barbeau
The USF Florida Mental Health Institute performed the first research study which examined the actual impact of TAD on the bus riding behavior of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Master’s student Arica Bolechala’s thesis demonstrated that when the participants used TAD, they were always successful in exiting the bus at the correct location. When the participants did not use TAD, the individuals were not able to exit the bus at the correct bus stop. Bolechala’s work was presented at the 2011 TRB Conference in January in Washington, D.C. (this presentation) and the 2011 Applied Behavior Analysis International 37th Annual Conference in Denver, CO in May 2011.
The document summarizes research on supporting mobility for the blind through technology. It discusses a blind person's daily activities like entertainment, socializing, learning, errands and navigation. It outlines the abilities of blind users and available technologies like RFID tags, computer vision, touchscreens and text-to-speech. Significant research areas are described, such as navigation tools, learning aids and making the web more accessible. The timeline of assistive technologies and future opportunities like accessible programming tools are also mentioned.
Visualization of cartographic systems in mobile devices is a challenge due to the its own
limitations to show all the relevant information that the user needs on the screen. Within this paper we review
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This project (543577-LLP-1-2013-1-UK-KA3-KA3MP) has been funded with support from the European Commission [Lifelong Learning Programme of the European Union]. This website reflects the views only of the author, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
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Spatial Mental Models and Navigation Support Apps for People who are Blind – a Case Study
1. Spatial Mental Models and Navigation
Support Apps for People who are Blind
Lindsay Evett, Malcolm Harrison, Allan Ridley, David Brown
and Nick Shopland
Interactive Systems Research Group (ISRG)
Computing and Technology Team
Nottingham Trent University, UK
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 1
2. Independent Travel
• People who are blind generally use sequential, route-
based strategies
• Dependent on sighted guides to learn new routes in a
sequential way (using cane, guide dogs)
• Quite a few systems support navigation outside
(e.g., Trekker, smart phone apps; some indoors –
e.g., see Battersby, this session)
• Some systems focus on obstacle avoidance, replacing
sight, often have intrusive audio feed back
• Better to complement existing methods (dog and
cane), focus on goal (getting safely from A to B) and
skills, in an effective and usable manner
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 2
5. Egocentric vs. Exocentric/Allocentric
• Egocentric, sequential routes hard to learn (Martinsen
et al, 2007)
• Body (egocentric), rather than external
(exocentric/allocentric), frame of reference
• Those with more map based, exocentric, frames of
reference perform better in navigational tasks
(Simonnet et al, 2006)
• Map based navigation better than GPS route-based
(Ishikawa, et al, 2008)
• “Cognitive maps” – enhance confidence, flexibility
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 5
6. Cognitive Maps
• External frames of reference and map based strategies
more efficient and flexible – easier to remember, can
take alternative routes, shortcuts, change destinations –
they offer a more complete spatial representation
(Martinsen et al, 2007)
• Active exploration of accessible maps to support
development of map-based strategies and spatial mental
models (Tversky, 1993) to facilitate independent
navigational skills (Cognitive Collages)
• Can use at leisure (unlike real world support)
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 6
7. Spatial Mental Models
• Tversky (1993)
– Mental representations of knowledge of environment
not simply representations of maps (include memory
of journeys, maps, directions, landmarks etc)
– Disparate pieces of knowledge about environments –
cognitive collages rather than single, coherent map;
evidenced by errors of memory and descriptions
– For well-known environments, representations of
spatial layout quite accurate, allowing perspective
taking, re-orientation, spatial inference – Spatial
Mental Models; not metric but preserve coarse
spatial relations and includes reference points
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 7
8. GPS vs Maps and Direct experience
Ishikawa et al (2008) compared mobile GPS to
paper maps and direct experience for walking
routes:
– GPS users travelled longer distances, made more stops
than the others
– GPS users travelled more slowly, made larger direction
errors, drew poorer maps, found wayfinding more
difficult than direct experience
– Reasons? GPS maps small (how much surrounding
area needed?); GPS has local focus; less experience
with GPS
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 8
9. Spatial vs Route Information
Others have pointed out the importance of
spatial, rather than just route, information:
– Showing users their exact location relative to where they
need to get to can help people who struggle with spatial
skills
– Oliver and Burnett – route guidance systems suppress
cognitive map development
– Lindstrom – necessary for people with disabilities to
assimilate a mental map, and should be built in a mobile
environment
– Lindstrom – users with disabilities stress the importance of
being located should they no longer be able to orientate
themselves
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 9
10. Questions
• Many navigational apps; how useful are they?
• Find out about environment, benefits?
• Find out about environment where known
routes, benefits?
• Find out about environment, extend route, new
route, benefits?
• Apps offer similar apparent (?) support but
differences in scale, detail, availability of global
information, accessibility
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 10
15. Evaluate Spatial Mental Models
Does the solution make spatial relationships available, allow multiple
perspectives, sufficient for actual route finding? Possible tasks:
1. Recreate map – verbal description or model
2. Describe routes from A to B and from C to B (taking different
perspectives)
3. Real tasks in areas of a known route:
• demonstrate ability to deal with obstacles
• extend known route
• demonstrate ability to orient with respect to reference points
• create new route
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 15
16. Can Apps Support Independent Travel
for People who are Blind?
• New address, no routes, no chance of trainers
• (Learnt route to get there through Google
maps, Google street view, Trekker)
• Use range of apps, with global and local
information to support and supplement
• Extend route(s), new routes?
• Development of cognitive map? Is having a
cognitive map better than routes alone?
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 16
17. Three New Routes!!
• Explored street map of new area with TouchOver
Map, for as long as wanted, and to find 3 targets –
about 40 minutes
• Active, independent exploration
• From start point, point to targets and describe how to
get there
• Find those targets in the real world
• Yes!!
• NavPoint useful but tricky
• Other apps not much help – WalkyTalky aims to do
what Trekker does but didn’t work; new iPhone does
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 17
18. Further Evaluation
• Spatial mental models:
– Point to other locations?
– Landmarks?
• Is SMM memorable, can it be communicated?
• Larger group – can others do it?
– Compare with and without traditional training
NB needs accessible set up, including search, size
(s, m, l) and store
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 18
19. Location Based Services for People
with Disabilities (this session)
• Location-based services, route learning and
navigational support for wide range of
disabilities
• Travel skills and confidence to learn new
routes are core skills for leading independent
lives
• Showing users their exact location relative to
where they need to get to, and significant
points, can help people who struggle with
spatial skills
• Games-based learning
• Incorporate haptic map?
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 19
20. Additional issues
• Safety – can’t just wave a phone about
• Moving it around could change responses
(NavPoint)
• Shoulder speaker/wizzy earphones
• Phone calls!
• Map accessibility in iOS 6; Walkit.com
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 20
21. Conclusions
• User Centred Design, designing AT using technology
that doesn’t mark out people as ‘other’, cheap, easily
available, mainstream – address abandonment of AT
• Haptic map supports/facilitates creation of Spatial
Mental Models to support independent
travel, independence for people who are blind
• Haptic maps – outdoors (and indoors)
• Location Based Services, navigation support –
incorporate haptic maps (outdoors) Lewis et al, 2012
• Virtual Cane – indoors (outdoors?) Battersby, 2012
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 21
22. Contact Details
Dr Lindsay Evett,
Prof. David J. Brown and the
Interactive Systems Research Group
Computing and Technology Team
NTU, UK
Tel: +44 115 848 8359
lindsay.evett@ntu.ac.uk
Tel: +44 115 848 8350
david.brown@ntu.ac.uk
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 22
24. Sources
Battersby S J (2012), The mobile virtual cane, ITAG12, Nottingham UK
Brown DJ, Standen PJ, Evett L, Battersby S and Shopland N. (2010). Designing Serious Games for
People with Dual Diagnosis: Learning Disabilities and Sensory Impairments. In Educational
Gaming. Chapter in Zemliansky, P and Wilcox, D. M., (eds), Educational Gaming, IGI Global
Brown, D. J., Evett, L. J., Ridley, A., Shopland, N., Merritt, P., Harrison, M. and Van Isacker, K.
(2011) Evaluation of Haptic RIA Maps and other navigational support systems for people who are
blind, paper presented to 2nd International AEGIS Conference, Brussels, Belgium, November
2011, pp 334-341, http://www.epr.eu/aegis/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/AEGIS_Conference_proceedings-final.pdf
accessed 9/1/12
Frankenstein, J, Mohler, B, Bulthof, H H, and Meilinger, T (2011) Is the map in our head oriented
North? Psychological Science, 23, 2: pp. 120-125
HaptiMaps (2011). HaptiMap, Haptic, Audio and Visual Interfaces for Maps and Location Based
Services, http://www.haptimap.org/ accessed 23/11/11
Hill E W, J. J. Rieser, M. Hill, J. Halpin, R. Halpin (1993). How persons with visual impairments
explore novel spaces: strategies of good and poor performers, J. Vis. Imp. and
Blindness, 87, 8, pp. 295-301.
Humanware (2012) Trekker Breeze, http://www.humanware.com/en-
united_kingdom/products/blindness/talking_gps/trekker_breeze accessed 22/10/12
Ishikawa, T., Fujiwara, H., Imai, O., and Okabe, A. (2008) Wayfinding with a GPS-based mobile
navigation system: A comparison with maps and direct experience, Journal of Environmental
Psychology, 28, 74-82
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 24
25. Sources (contd.)
Lewis, J., Popescu, C., Standen, P., and Saridaki, M. (2012) Evaluation of route learning software
on Android for people with disabilities, ITAG12, Nottingham, UK
Lindstrom, J-I. (2006) New technologies to help people with disabilities and elderly people, in
Roe, P. R. W. (ed) Towards and Inclusive Future: Impact and Wider potential of Information and
Communication Technologies, COST219ter, funded by the EU RTD Framework
Programme, http://www.snapi.org.uk/cost219ter/inclusive_future/index.htm accessed 22/10/12
Martinsen, H., J. M. Tellevik, B. Elmerskog, M. Storlilokken (2007). Mental effort in mobility route
learning, Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 101, pp1-18.
Oliver, K. J., G. E. Burnett, (2008). Learning-oriented vehicle navigation systems: a preliminary
investigation in a driving simulator. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Human–Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. pp. 119–126.
Poppinga, B., Pielot, M., Magnusson, C., and Rassmus-Grohn, K. (2011) TouchOver Map: Audio-
tectile exploration of interactive maps, MobileHCI 2011, Stockholm, Sweden, ACM
Simonnet M, J-Y. Guinard J. Tisseau (2006) Preliminary work for vocal and haptic navigation
software for blind sailors, Proc. 6th Intl Conf. Disability, Virtual Reality & Assoc. Tech.
(ICDVRAT), Esbjerg, Denmark, 2006, pp. 255-262.
Tversky, B. (1993). Cognitive maps, cognitive collages and spatial mental models, in Frank, A U
and Campari, I (Eds.) Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS, Proceedings COSIT
‘93, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 716, pp. 14-24, Springer, Berlin.
ITAG 2012, Nottingham, 24th Oct 2012 25
Editor's Notes
External frames of reference and map based strategies are more efficient and flexible – easier to remember, alternative routes can be taken, shortcuts made and destinations changed because they encompass a more complete spatial representation (Martinsen et al, 2007)Mental models are a vital part of advanced O&M skills, knowing where you are at all times is essential and without these skills it would be impossible to attempt to navigate unknown outdoor spaces (creates prior knowledge, confidence, back up plan if real time technology goes down…)Active exploration of virtual worlds and accessible maps to support development of map-based strategies and spatial mental models (Tversky, 1993) to facilitate independent navigational skills (Cognitive Collages): Discusses issue of how people represent maps and outside spaces. They don’t have a copy of map in their head, what they do have is cognitive collages and spatial mental models. Cognitive collages are sort of areas you know, but don’t know they in between bits. Spatial mental models are really about what the representation is like – so you have landmarks which are of significance to you – like a big tower or your mates house and they always seem closer than they actually are. When describing where something is you would say where they are in relation to such landmarks – always described in relative terms. Give people the targets that mean something to them.Can use at leisure (unlike real world support): first person, regular practice in a safe environment.Map-based better than GPS routes (Ishikawa et al, 2008): This study examined the effectiveness of a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based mobile navigation system in comparison to paper maps and direct experience of routes, by focusing on the user’s wayfindingbehavior and acquired spatial knowledge. Based on information received from one of these three media, participants walked six routes finding the way to goals. Results showed that GPS users traveled longer distances and made more stops during the walk than map users and direct-experience participants. Also, GPS users traveled more slowly, made larger direction errors, drew sketch maps with poorer topological accuracy, and rated wayfinding tasks as more difficult than direct-experience participants. Characteristics of navigation with these three learning media and possible reasons for the ineffectiveness of the GPS-based navigation system are discussed.
Find out about environment, benefits? Can just find out what’s out there – there are some benefits to this – familiarity…Find out about environment where known routes, benefits? Find out about area around known route, could help you deal with obstacles…..Find out about environment, extend route, new route, benefits?: As above with a fuller spatial mental model your ability to extend and find new routes and to navigate independently and with confidence increases. Similar questions for Haptic Maps, HaptiMaps (Ross, 2007; Bilbao et al, 2011; Brown et al, 2011) –similar questions to what we posed for Haptic Maps and Hapti Maps.Similar support but difference in scale and detail: for the cane we deal with indoor spaces, in AEGIS and associated prototypes we have outdoor spaces, some supported by GPS
The Virtual Cane (VC) designed for, but not restricted to, indoors; outdoors can use GPS and map-based apps:VC models indoor spaces and buildings (but could model outdoor spaces especially built up areas; for outdoor spaces there are a whole range of apps which use maps and GPS.There are a number of such apps which are accessible: As we move to third generation accessible solutions (e.g., AEGIS project) there is a drive to develop accessible map based apps to develop navigational skills and spatial mental models for people who are blind. As part of AEGIS we conducted usability evaluations of Haptic RIA Maps, TouchOver Map and NavPoint (HaptiMap project):Haptic RIA - partially sighted/blind users explore web-based street map using a force feedback/haptic device; TouchOver Map – Tablet and mobile based, Touch-based; user actions have a direct, reliable, relationship with maps; The PointNavHaptiMap prototype application allows scanning an area for points of interest, selecting one of them, finding out more about this point and being guided to it.RECALL and VC projects based on proposal that cognitive maps (Global Reference Frames, see Frankenstein et al, 2011) and spatial strategies more effective for independent travel that route guidance (Hill et al, 1993): because the encompass a much fuller representation of the route to be taken. They allow shortcuts to be made, alternative routes to be taken and even end points to be changed. Route guidance suppresses cognitive map development. What happens if technology fails, in scenario 1 you can use your cognitive map, in scenario 2 you are pretty stuck. AEGIS and HaptiMap prototypes, and other apps, support navigation; AEGIS and HaptiMap apps support Cognitive maps: these projects develop apps to develop navigational skills and cognitive maps and not route guidance.
HaptiMap demonstrator (HaptiMap, 2011)Has all the desirable attributes: user actions have a direct, reliable, relationship with maps - affordance Simple reference points (may need more on tablet) easy to use (2 blind users) can reproduce the map (2 blind users) BUT 1 blind user with resid. vision found areas with patchy feedback, frustrating and poor info.MS haptic mouse could have similar attributesTo have both would give desktop and mobile apps
Does model contain spatial relationships, allow multiple perspectives, sufficient for actual route finding? Possible tasks:Recreate map – can the provide a verbal description of the real worldDescribe routes from A to B and from C to B (or Orly tasks – find object and take to another posn. and reverse; point to direction of key landmarks and reverse; take to a new position and describe route to original postion)Study area where known route:demonstrate ability to deal with obstaclesextend known routecreate new route