Reel Injun (2010) Neil Diamond 88 Lorber Films MEFSanchez, J. (.docx
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Reel Injun (2010) Neil Diamond :88 Lorber Films MEF Sanchez, J. (2012) Newsframes in Americas First Newspapers Chapter 1 “A brief examination of the sole issue of Publick Occurrences shows that a total of thirteen news stories appeared in its few pages. More than half of them (eight) contained references to American Indians, verifiable proof that American Indians have been a part of American newspapers since that mass medium first existed on this continent.” (p11) Sanchez (2012) describes content analysis and framing of each of the eight news stories and then discusses “Bias, Framing and Newspaper Conventions” using research findings. “Some of the news frames that were used to describe American Indians in Publick Occurrences in 1690 can still be found in the American mass media in the twenty-first century. On assessing positive and negative values exhibited toward American Indians in the eight news stories from Publick Occurrences that reference them, it can be seen that they fall within either positive or negative news frames.”(15) Frame 1. Positive Shared Thanksgiving celebration Frame 2. Negative "barbarous" and lurking Frame 3. Negative "butchered" the ship's master and several of the men Frame 4. Positive collaboration of citizens of Albany and New York and members of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Frame 5. Negative Indians "pretend" smallpox at home has prevented promised support of colonists; several prisoners are used in a manner "too barbarous for any English to approve" Frame 6. Negative the people all either "butchered" or "captived" Frame 7. Negative Indians have in revenge "barbarously butchered" forty captives Frame 8. Neutral Indians take some French captives and are now sending a force farther afield, outcome uncertain “This summary reveals that only one of the eight news frames that include American Indians can be considered entirely positive in referencing them. Only one story falls into a neutral category and cannot be considered negative or positive in referencing American Indians. The remaining five of these eight news stories exhibit framing images that are negative or insensitive toward American Indians. Thus, negative imagery makes up the majority of all the news frames referring to American Indians in the first recognized newspaper in America. One other notable ethnocentric perception arose in the newspaper media with the publication of Publick Occurrences: the monolithic images of the good Indian and the bad Indian. From the news stories contained in Publick Occurrences one can see that Indians are considered good Indians when they can be referenced as allies, friendly, and "our" auxiliary Indians. They are considered bad Indians when they go against the status quo in the Boston of 1690” (15) “...these are French Indians, butchers, lurking, lying about having smallpox, undependable, "salvages," abusing French prisoners in a manner "too barbarous for any English to approve"— even though in th.
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Recognizing Fallacies
Constructing sound arguments requires valid logic and reasoning. If your premises (reasoning) are incorrect they are considered to be “fallacies”. There are several different types of fallacies that exist. Once you recognize the fallacies you are more likely to avoid them in your reasoning.
(Hint: refer to textbook Chapter 11 for more information on fallacies.)
1.
Match
each fallacy with its definition in the chart below.
A. Begging the question
G. Appeal to fear
H. Questionable cause
B. Hasty generalization
C. False dilemma
I. Two wrongs make a right
D Slippery slope J. Misidentification of the cause
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___
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Also known as circular reasoning because the reasoning assumes the conclusion is true.
___
.
Sometimes occurs due to “peer pressure” or groupthink phenomenon when you may be influenced to conform to the opinion of the group.
___
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A causal situation where we are unsure of the actual root cause of the issue. It’s possible to ignore a possible cause or to incorrectly assume a common cause.
___
.
This argument states that the action (or conclusion) is a justified response to another wrong action (or conclusion).
___
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This occurs when there is no real evidence for the argument. Superstitions are a good example of this.
___
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The “either/or” fallacy – the argument presents only two extreme alternatives and does not allow for alternative options.
___
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Indicates that one negative action will lead to another, and then another worse one, and so on and so forth all leading to a terrible end result
___
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Basing a belief on a source or person who is not qualified to give an expert opinion on the subject.
___
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The argument supports its conclusion not by evidence, but by demands or threats of punishment or misfortune.
___
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Deductive Argument
In a deductive argument, the premises (reasoning) provide such strong support for the conclusion that, if the premises are true, then it would be impossible for the conclusion to be false. Deductive arguments are VALID or INVALID.
EXAMPLE:
Valid
– All children are young.
Johnny is a child.
Therefore, Johnny is young.
Invalid – All children are young.
Johnny is a child.
Therefore, all children are Johnny.
Complete each deductive argument below with a valid conclusion.
2.
Premise 1: All humans are mortal.
Premise 2: I am human.
Conclusion: Therefore, I am _______________
3.
Premise 1: All birds have feathers.
Premise 2: Cardinals are birds.
Conclusion: Therefore, cardinals have _______________
4.
Premise 1: There is a party at work today.
Premise 2: Jimmy is sick and not at work today.
Con.
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Recognizing Written Argument
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(page 92-93) ESSAY #2 TO EDUCATE A DIVERSE NATION, TOPPLE THE IVORY TOWER*
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Recognizing Fallacies Constructing sound arguments requires .docx
Recognizing Fallacies
Constructing sound arguments requires valid logic and reasoning. If your premises (reasoning) are incorrect they are considered to be “fallacies”. There are several different types of fallacies that exist. Once you recognize the fallacies you are more likely to avoid them in your reasoning.
(Hint: refer to textbook Chapter 11 for more information on fallacies.)
1.
Match
each fallacy with its definition in the chart below.
A. Begging the question
G. Appeal to fear
H. Questionable cause
B. Hasty generalization
C. False dilemma
I. Two wrongs make a right
D Slippery slope J. Misidentification of the cause
E. Appeal to authority
F. Bandwagon
___
.
Also known as circular reasoning because the reasoning assumes the conclusion is true.
___
.
Sometimes occurs due to “peer pressure” or groupthink phenomenon when you may be influenced to conform to the opinion of the group.
___
.
A causal situation where we are unsure of the actual root cause of the issue. It’s possible to ignore a possible cause or to incorrectly assume a common cause.
___
.
This argument states that the action (or conclusion) is a justified response to another wrong action (or conclusion).
___
.
This occurs when there is no real evidence for the argument. Superstitions are a good example of this.
___
.
The “either/or” fallacy – the argument presents only two extreme alternatives and does not allow for alternative options.
___
.
Indicates that one negative action will lead to another, and then another worse one, and so on and so forth all leading to a terrible end result
___
.
Basing a belief on a source or person who is not qualified to give an expert opinion on the subject.
___
.
The argument supports its conclusion not by evidence, but by demands or threats of punishment or misfortune.
___
.
A general conclusion is reached based on a very small sample, so the reasons provide weak support for the conclusion.
Deductive Argument
In a deductive argument, the premises (reasoning) provide such strong support for the conclusion that, if the premises are true, then it would be impossible for the conclusion to be false. Deductive arguments are VALID or INVALID.
EXAMPLE:
Valid
– All children are young.
Johnny is a child.
Therefore, Johnny is young.
Invalid – All children are young.
Johnny is a child.
Therefore, all children are Johnny.
Complete each deductive argument below with a valid conclusion.
2.
Premise 1: All humans are mortal.
Premise 2: I am human.
Conclusion: Therefore, I am _______________
3.
Premise 1: All birds have feathers.
Premise 2: Cardinals are birds.
Conclusion: Therefore, cardinals have _______________
4.
Premise 1: There is a party at work today.
Premise 2: Jimmy is sick and not at work today.
Con.
Recognizing Written ArgumentFor this weeks discussion, Id like.docx
Recognizing Written Argument
For this week's discussion, I'd like you to respond to ONE of the short articles that appear at the end of Chapter 3: Marybeth Gasman's "To Educate a Diverse Nation, Topple the Ivory Tower," (92-93), Randy Cohen's "When Texting is Wrong" (96-97), or "Flag Protection: A Brief History of Recent Supreme Court Decisions" (101-102) . After reading the articles, select one to analyze, focusing on a few (not all) of the following questions:
1) What is the main issue in the article? 2) What are the author's attitudes toward the subject at issue? 3) What supporting material favors the author's point of view? 4) What is the author's intention in this article? To explain? To convince? 5) What does the author hope you will conclude when you finish reading? 6) How does the author establish his or her authority? 7) What qualities make the article effective or ineffective as an argument? 8) What are your personal reactions to the essay? 9) How much common ground do you have with the author? 10) What do you like or dislike about it? Justify your answer with evidence from the article.
(page 92-93) ESSAY #2 TO EDUCATE A DIVERSE NATION, TOPPLE THE IVORY TOWER*
*“To Educate a Diverse Nation, Topple the Ivory Tower,” by Marybeth Gasman, from The Huffington Post, November 2, 2015. Reproduced by permission.
Marybeth Gasman
The author is a professor of education at the University of Pennsylvania’s Graduate School of Education and is also a regular contributor to The Huffington Post.
Visit a U.S. college campus today and you’ll see a more diverse student body than ever before. Over the last 30 years, the number of Hispanic students has risen five-fold, Asian and Pacific Islander enrollment has tripled, black enrollment has risen 150 percent and Native American enrollment has doubled.
But the graduation rate for minority students falls far below the nationwide average. Our colleges and universities are not succeeding at educating students with diverse backgrounds. In an increasingly competitive global economy, our country cannot afford this waste of time, money and talent.
There are solutions to this problem, but they’re found outside the ivory tower. Over the past three years, we visited a dozen minority-serving institutions or MSIs—from Paul Quinn, a historically black college in Dallas, to Salish Kootenai, a tribal college in Montana, and San Diego City College. We learned a number of lessons—all of which run counter to mainstream higher education thinking.
First and most important, these colleges acknowledge that traditionally underrepresented students face challenges that go far beyond paying tuition. These range from family obligations to fear and uncertainty about the meaning of college to “math shame” and speaking English as a second language. In response, the colleges have toppled the traditional hierarchies and responsibilities of faculty, staff, and students. Everyone is expected to understand the challenges.
Recognizing the fact usernames passwords are the weakest link in.docx
Recognizing the fact usernames passwords are the weakest link in an organization’s security system because username and password are shareable, and most passwords and usernames are vulnerable and ready to be cracked with a variety of methods using adopting a record number of devices and platforms connected to the Internet of Things daily and at an alarming rate.
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.
Recognizing ArgumentsIn this assignment, you will apply key co.docx
Recognizing Arguments
In this assignment, you will apply key concepts covered in the module readings. You will identify the component parts of arguments and differentiate between various types of arguments such as strict, loose, inductive, and deductive. You will then construct specific, original arguments.
There are
two
parts to the assignment. Complete both parts.
Part 1
1a: Identify Components of Arguments
Identify the component parts of the argument, premises and conclusion, for the following passages. Where applicable, highlight key words or phrases that identify a claim as a premise or a conclusion.
Refer to the following example:
“All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.”
All men are mortal.
Premise
Socrates is a man.
Premise
Therefore
, Socrates is mortal.
Conclusion
“Therefore” is a key word indicating the claim is the conclusion.
1.
Sue is pregnant and will give birth to one child. We know already this child has no genetic anomalies. If Sue’s baby is a boy, he will be named Mark. If Sue’s baby is a girl, she will be named Margaret. Sue will have either a boy or a girl. So we know Sue’s baby will be named Mark or Margaret.
2.
If the library has
The
Lord of the Rings,
you won’t find it on the first floor. This is because all fantasy novels are fiction and all works of fiction are housed on the second floor of the library. Of course, I am assuming that all the books are properly shelved at this time.
3.
“After a year, brain scans showed that among the walkers, the hippocampus had increased in volume by about 2 percent on average; in the others, it had declined by about 1.4 percent. Since such a decline is normal in older adults, ’a 2 percent increase is fairly significant,’ said the lead author, Kirk Erickson, a psychologist at the University of Pittsburgh. Both groups also improved on a test of spatial memory, but the walkers improved more. While it is hard to generalize from this study to other populations, the researchers were delighted to learn that the hippocampus might expand with exercise” (Span, 2011).
Reference
Span, P. (2011, February 7). Fitness: A walk to remember? Study says yes.
The New York Times
. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/08/health/research/08fitness.html?src=me&ref=general
1b: Identify Arguments as Strict or Loose
Identify the arguments as strict or loose for the following passages:
1.
I was late for class because my car ran out of gas and I could not find a gas station.
2.
It’s a good idea to drink more cranberry juice. It’s a good source of vitamin C and they say it helps keep the kidneys healthy.
3.
“Researchers from the National Institutes of Health have found that less than an hour of cell phone use can speed up brain activity in the area closest to the phone antenna, raising new questions about the health effects of low levels of radiation emitted from cell phones.
Recognition, Reification, and Practices of ForgettingEthica.docx
Recognition, Reification, and Practices of Forgetting:
Ethical Implications of Human Resource Management
Gazi Islam
Received: 3 June 2011 / Accepted: 28 July 2012 / Published online: 17 August 2012
� Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012
Abstract This article examines the ethical framing of
employment in contemporary human resource management
(HRM). Using Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition and
classical critical notions of reification, I contrast recogni-
tion and reifying stances on labor. The recognition
approach embeds work in its emotive and social particu-
larity, positively affirming the basic dignity of social
actors. Reifying views, by contrast, exhibit a forgetfulness
of recognition, removing action from its existential and
social moorings, and imagining workers as bundles of
discrete resources or capacities. After discussing why
reification is a problem, I stress that recognition and reifi-
cation embody different ethical standpoints with regards to
organizational practices. Thus, I argue paradoxically that
many current HRM best practices can be maintained while
cultivating an attitude of recognition. If reification is a type
of forgetting, cultivating a recognition attitude involves
processes of ‘‘remembering’’ to foster work relations that
reinforce employee dignity.
Keywords Human resources � Recognition � Dignity �
Frankfurt School � Critical theory � Reification
Introduction
The rapid growth of Human Resource Management (HRM)
has involved attempts to frame HRM’s role in under-
standing the human consequences of the contemporary
world of work (Heery 2008). Such attempts have generated
discussions around the ethics of HRM (Pinnington et al.
2007), varying from principled and ‘‘purist’’ perspectives
drawn from moral theory and philosophy (Rowan 2000) to
more ‘‘user-friendly’’ approaches that mix ethical-theoret-
ical foundations and formulate managerial guidelines for
practice (Winstanley and Woodall 2000; Heery 2008).
More recent approaches to HRM have begun to emerge
from critical theory, focusing on ideological and exploit-
ative aspects of HRM, and challenging mainstream
approaches to ethics by combining a practice-based
approach with a critical lens (Greenwood 2002).
The growing importance of critical ethical approaches
brings with it an increased focus on ‘‘macro’’ critiques of
HRM (Townley 1993; Islam and Zyphur 2008), calling into
question the ethical grounding of the field in general
(Greenwood 2002). While traditional views frame human
resources as costs to be minimized or resources to be
deployed strategically, critical ethical views highlight the
potentially problematic idea of ‘‘using’’ people (Green-
wood 2002), inherent in such framings. In Simon’s (1951)
seminal work, the employee is defined as one who ‘‘permits
his behavior to be guided by a decision reached by another,
irrespective of his own judgment as to the merits of that
decision’’ (p. 21), a characte.
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.
Recently, Kathy Smith, a project manager for a large industrial cons.docx
Recently, Kathy Smith, a project manager for a large industrial construction organization, was assigned to oversee a multimillion-dollar chemical plant construction project in Southeast Asia. Kathy had earned this assignment after completing a number of smaller construction assignments in North America over the past three years. This was her first overseas assignment and she was eager to make a good impression, particularly given the size and scope of the project. Successfully completing this project would increase her visibility within the organization dramatically and earmark her as a candidate for upper management. Kathy had good project management skills; in particular, she was organized and highly self-motivated. Team members at her last two project assignments used to joke that just trying to keep up with her was a full-time job. Kathy wasted no time settling in to oversee the development of the chemical plant. Operating under her normal work approach, Kathy routinely required her staff and the senior members of the project team to work long hours, ignoring weekend breaks if important milestones were coming up, and generally adopting a round the-clock work approach for the project. Unfortunately, in expecting her team, made up of local
residents, to change their work habits to accommodate her expectations, Kathy completely misread the individuals
on her team. They bitterly resented her overbearing style, unwillingness to consult them on key
questions, and aloof nature. Rather than directly confront her, however, team members began a campaign
of passive resistance to her leadership. They would purposely drag their feet on important assignments
or cite insurmountable problems when none, in fact, existed. Kathy’s standard response was to push herself
and her project team harder, barraging subordinates with increasingly urgent communications demanding
faster performance. To her bewilderment, nothing seemed to work. The project quickly became bogged down due
to poor team performance and ended up costing the project organization large penalties for late delivery.
Although Kathy had many traits that worked in her favor, she was seriously lacking in the ability to recognize
the feelings and expectations of others and take them into consideration.
Questions
1. Discuss how Kathy lacked sufficient emotional
intelligence to be effective in her new project
manager assignment.
2. Of the various dimensions of emotional intelligence,
which dimension(s) did she appear to lack
most? What evidence can you cite to support this
contention?
This assignment involves that the student read the case study and answer all questions at the end of the case study in a
4-5 page paper
. Your answers must include substantial support from at least two (2) scholarly journal articles on project management.
Should be written in should be in APA formatting (title page, reference page, NO abstract page, in-text citations, running head, page numbers, Ti.
Recently your facility has had patient complaints about staff posing.docx
Recently your facility has had patient complaints about staff posing with patents and posting these pictures on social media. You have also noticed many staff members "friending" patients and/or their families.
Your facility has decided to form a social media policy committee to consider establishing policy about the use of social media by staff at your facility.
***Write a policy that covers the following areas. (and the file that I uploaded)***
1. Is posting on social media a violation of any Federal or State Law? Be sure to cite appropriate law in your policy
2. Do you think your facility needs a social media policy?
3. What departments should be included on the social media policy committee?
4. Are there any hospital departments or staff that should be excluded on the social media policy committee?
5. How will you present this new policy to new employees? Existing employees?
6. How will you address social media as an organization? Who will have ownership of this policy?
7. How will you address staff who wish to express their opinions or views about health care issues on social media.
Use correct policy format to include:
Title
Date
Affected
Content
Procedure as applicable
Signature page
.
Recently, I built a floating bed frame for my room. I watched a qu.docx
Recently, I built a "floating" bed frame for my room. I watched a quick YouTube video and jotted down the dimensions of the bed, the materials I needed, and a mini blue print for how it was going to end up. My notes allowed for me to get everything I needed in one shot at the hardware store and instead of referring back to the video I could just look at my notes. While assembling, I was able to remind myself how certain things went together by looking at my notes allowing for me to complete the bed frame quickly and in an enjoyable way.
While looking at the rubric, I found that the 4 points on the project addressing the course outcomes is most important. it allows for me to understand the main points of the projects before doing it. Also, I believe these will be helpful notes when doing the project to keep me on track of the topic.
Actively listening is something that will be critical while pursuing a business administration degree. It is something that I struggle with and need to work on. I am a visual learner by all means and have trouble actually listening to people when they talk. In the business world, being able to converse and hear others ideas and thoughts is paramount.
.
Recently, a US Circuit Court upheld the enforceability of Website .docx
Recently, a
US Circuit Court upheld the enforceability of Website Terms of Service (ToS)
, even though the user did not have to click-through to agree.
Identify one positive and one negative implication of this finding.
What terms do you believe are ethically appropriate for such agreements? Explain your position.
.
Recently police departments across the nation has been accused o.docx
Recently police departments across the nation has been accused on targeting and murdering innocent black men. These departments are now in a position to have to rebuild their reputations. Your job is to analyze this situation and determine ways for them to establish their credibility Use the EBSCO and the INTERNET to locate material on this company. Make sure you integrate the text material.
1) Identify the specific problems the organization faces: support this material with research.
2) What should management’s role be? Relate this section specifically to the text material and apply that material.
3) Determine who their audiences are and what they need to say to each of them.
4) What media should use to get this message across? Be specific.
5) How will the organization evaluate the success of their public relations?
Remember that the point of this assignment is to demonstrate that you understand and can apply the text material. Please write out the questions and then answer them individually. Use the APA method of documentation.
.
Recently Capital One experienced scandal1. Understand what.docx
Recently Capital One experienced scandal:
1. Understand what happened at
Capital One
– What risks were impacted
2. Understand the
redflags/signs/indications
in this case
3. What did Capital One
fail to do
4. What
could Capital One have done better to protect itself
.
Please prepare
a 10-minute presentation on this topic
.
.
Recall a time when you received bad news, either in your academic or.docx
Recall a time when you received bad news, either in your academic or professional experience, which was not delivered in a very tactful manner. Or, recall a time when you delivered bad news, which you might have delivered in a more sensitive way. What were the circumstances of the event? What bad news buffering strategies could have lightened the blow of the bad news you received, or, how might you have better buffered the bad news you delivered? Finally, comment on why you think it is important to be sensitive when delivering bad news within organizations and to other organizations? Obviously, there are individual’s feelings to consider, but what are some other important considerations?
.
Recent genetics research on leadership by Dr. Richard Avey suggests .docx
Recent genetics research on leadership by Dr. Richard Avey suggests about 30% of leadership is born (genetic), 30% is made in the formative years (young in life), and about 30% of leadership is "made" throughout one's life. A quote by Warren Bennis informs this discussion when he said "more leaders have been made by accident, circumstance, sheer grit, or will than have been made by all the leadership courses put together." Do you agree or disagree with this statement, and why? If you agree, how would you design a leadership course differently?
.
Receiving funding from a grant or other source of funds is a great a.docx
Receiving funding from a grant or other source of funds is a great accomplishment. Once the funding is received, the human services organization must be able to manage the funds effectively. The organization must also develop a plan to sustain the program after the funding period ends or the potential for change from the funded program may be limited.
For this Discussion, review the budget provided in the grant proposal that you discussed in Discussion 1 of this Week. Consider how you would prioritize budgetary needs and fundraise to continue covering costs of this program after the grant period has ended.
By Day 4
Post
a brief description of the budget presented in the grant proposal you selected. Describe how you might alter the budget after the grant ended or which budget items you would prioritize as you sought additional funding to continue the program. Explain why you would make these changes or prioritize specific budget items. Finally, explain how you would fundraise to meet the budget priorities.
Support your post with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.
Required Readings
Lauffer, A. (2011).
Understanding your social agency
(3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Sage.
Chapter 9, “Fundraising and Development” (pp. 285–320)
Bowman, W. (2011). Financial capacity and sustainability of ordinary nonprofits.
Nonprofit Management & Leadership
,
22
(1), 37–51.
LeRoux, K. (2009). Managing stakeholder demands: Balancing responsiveness to clients and funding agents in nonprofit social service organizations.
Administration & Society, 41
(2), 158–184.
Barasa, E. W., Cleary, S., Molyneux, S., & English, M. (2017). Setting healthcare priorities: a description and evaluation of the budgeting and planning process in county hospitals in Kenya.
Health policy and planning, 32
(3), 329-337.
Nelson, D., & Ruffalo, L. (2017). Grant writing: Moving from generating ideas to applying to grants that matter.
The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 52
(3), 236-244.
Foundation Center. (2018). GrantSpace: Sample documents. Retrieved from https://grantspace.org/resources/sample-documents/
Note:
You will need to create a log-in to the website to access and download the documents. This is a free service.
Required Media
Foundation Center. (2015, September 10).
Introduction to project budgets
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://grantspace.org/training/introduction-to-project-budgets/
Foundation Center. (2015, April 21).
Introduction to proposal writing
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://grantspace.org/training/introduction-to-proposal-writing-3/
Foundation Center. (2015, September 10).
Introduction to fundraising planning
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://grantspace.org/training/introduction-to-fundraising-planning/
Optional Resources
Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA). (2012). Retrieved from http://www.arnova.org/
Wald.
ReceivedRevisedAcceptedISSN 1307-9298Copyr.docx
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
ISSN: 1307-9298
Copyright © IEJEE
www.iejee.com
December 2018, Volume 11, Issue 2, 201-206
The Language Acquisition Approaches and
the Development of Literacy Skills in
Children
Ahmet Çakıroğlu*
DOI: 10.26822/iejee.2019248600
22 September 2018
24 November 2018
27 December 2018
*Correspondance Details: Ahmet Çakıroğlu, Aksaray University, Faculty of Education, Department of Primary Education, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey.
E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +90 382 288335
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the language acquisition approaches whose conceptions of language acquisitions are transferred to
learning environments through adjustments made on the basis of application methods. The paper also discussed their similarities and differ-
ences. Different approaches to language acquisition in various disciplines, different views, and perceptions of it have been developed. There are
some approaches completely distinct from others, while there are some others affected by different perspectives. In addition to the language
acquisition approaches mentioned above, the paper delineated what literacy skills are and what kind of hierarchical order is followed by the
development of these skills. The study, on one hand, deliberated children’s innate abilities and their acquired skills. by examining the reading
and writing methods and from which approach they have been affected. The study, on the other hand, summarized the views of Vygotsky,
whose contributions to learning in general and language acquisition in particular are better understood today. In brief, this paper discusses and
explains the language acquisition approaches and the development process of children’s literacy skills.
Keywords: Language Acquisition, Language Acquisition Approaches, Development Of Literacy Skills İn Children
© 2018 Published by T& K Academic. This is an open access article under the CC BY- NC- ND license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Introduction
Literacy skills are of vital importance for all people and en-
able children to get to know the life and interact with their
environment and other people, leading the way to a success-
ful career. Starting primary school is certainly a new chap-
ter and an exciting step for both students and their families.
First-grade students attending elementary school which is
the beginning of a tiring process for both teachers and stu-
dents, are equipped with the speaking skill that is the most
natural communication tool in a language. The hearing and
speaking skills, which are essential for teaching, are two basic
elements of basic language skills and they have an important
role in the acquisition of two other basic skills of reading and
writing. How to inculcate literacy skills in children and what
methods and techniques should be applied have been tried
several times for these techniques to be implemented and
today new applications have b.
Received 9 December 2017 Revised 19 September 2018 Accepted.docx
Received: 9 December 2017 Revised: 19 September 2018 Accepted: 21 September 2018
DOI: 10.1111/1748-8583.12217
R E V I E W P A P E R
When your resume is (not) turning you down:
Modelling ethnic bias in resume screening
Eva Derous1 | Ann Marie Ryan2
1 Department of Personnel Management,
Work and Organizational Psychology, Ghent
University, Ghent, Belgium
2 Michigan State University, East Lansing,
Michigan, USA
Correspondence
Eva Derous, Department of Personnel
Management, Work and Organizational
Psychology, Ghent University, Henri
Dunantlaan 2, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
Email: [email protected]
The review paper is based on a keynote held by th
Organizational Psychology, May 18, 2017, Dublin,
Hum Resour Manag J. 2018;1–18. wileyo
Abstract
Resume screening is the first hurdle applicants typically face
when they apply for a job. Despite the many empirical
studies showing bias at the resume‐screening stage, fairness
at this funnelling stage has not been reviewed systematically.
In this paper, a three‐stage model of biased resume screening
is presented. We first discuss relevant theoretical perspec-
tives (e.g., job market signalling and impression formation
theories) to explain why resume screening is vulnerable to
biased decision‐making and ethnic discrimination in particu-
lar. On the basis of the best available evidence, we consider
contingencies of ethnic discrimination in the applicant, the
decision‐maker, and the broader context (e.g., organisation),
as well as the effectiveness of interventions that might
counter ethnic bias in resume screening. The paper ends with
a critical agenda for further research and practice.
KEYWORDS
discrimination, diversity, ethnicity, recruitment, resume screening
1 | INTRODUCTION
Despite decades of legislation and HR professionals' commitment to equal opportunities, ethnic minority members
still suffer a weaker labour market position compared with equally qualified majorities (Shen, Chanda, D'Netto, &
Monga, 2009). Human capital factors may explain some of the differences in hiring outcomes, but discrimination
has also been put forward as a possible explanation (Derous & Ryan, 2018; Hoque & Noon, 1999). Ethnic minorities,
for instance, still need to complete 50% more applications to get invited for a job interview when compared with
equally qualified ethnic majorities (Zschirnt & Ruedin, 2016).
e first author at the 18th Conference of the European Association for Work and
Ireland.
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltdnlinelibrary.com/journal/hrmj 1
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-5836
mailto:[email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12217
http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/hrmj
2 DEROUS AND RYAN
Resume screening, the first hurdle applicants typically face seems particularly vulnerable to hiring discrimination.
Fairness in resume screening, however, is less well investigated when compared with the number of studies on the
adverse impact of personnel selection tests (Outt.
Recall that the goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to cut developed co.docx
Recall that the goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to cut developed countries’ carbon dioxide emission to about 5% to 7% below 1990 levels by 2012. This was a crucial first goal, but the IPCC is calling for carbon dioxide emissions in 2050 to be 60%less than the carbon dioxide emission in 1990.
Many countries were previously condemning the United States because the Bush administration and Congress refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. Although the U.S. population in 2010 was only 5% of the world population, 18% of world carbon dioxide emissions that year was produced by the United States (see Table 3). The Obama administration has taken a very different path, assumed responsibility, and took numerous actions that led to a significant decrease of the CO2 emission in the US. This course again changed dramatically by the Trump administration.
Critics of the Kyoto Protocol say that a fairer pact would be for all countries to commit to the same level of carbon dioxide emission per person. Recommendations are by 0.9 metric ton per person in 2050. Average annual carbon dioxide emission in 2010 for developing countries was 2.7 metric ton per person, which is 3 times the IPCC’s recommendation. However, the average annual carbon dioxide emission for developed countries was 10.2 metric tons per person, for US 18 (!) metric tons per person, far above IPCC’s recommendation (see Table 4). GNP, the gross national product, is a measure of a country’s economic strength.
With annual carbon dioxide emissions of 18.1 metric tons per person in 2010, the United States would have to reduce emissions by 95% to meet the standard of 0.9 metric ton per person. This means that Americans would be allowed to emit only 5% of the carbon dioxide that they are currently emitting. Imagine driving your car, heating and cooling your home, using your appliances, using your computer, using your lights, and watching TV only 5% (one-twentieth) of the time that you currently do.
Table 3 Table 4
United States and World Population GNP Ranks and Per-Person Carbon Dioxide Emissions
In the strongest action ever taken in the United States to combat climate change, in August 2015 President Obama unveiled a set of environmental actions devised to sharply cut planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions from the nation’s power plants and ultimately transform America’s electricity industry. These new rules alone will not be enough to shave off that future described above. But experts say that if the rules are combined with similar action from the world’s other major economies, as well as additional action by the future administrations, emissions could level off enough to prevent the worst effects of climate change.
The main argument against stronger actions was that the economy would suffer. Many arguments however show that it is possible for emissions to be significantly reduced without harming a country’s economy. Switzerland, Denmark, J.
Recall aclinicallearning experience you enjoyed.De.docx
A clinical learning experience that the student enjoyed took place in an educational setting where the instructor used motivational strategies based on learning theory to present content in a positive way. The instructor had characteristics that made them effective in delivering the material in an engaging format.
Recall our discussion of perceptions and how they influence our .docx
Recall our discussion of perceptions and how they influence our behavior. In organizational communication, perceptions play a big part in our thinking and response mechanisms; thus, affecting how we behave. We encounter barriers and noise that only compound the decision-making process. This dynamic is in motion each time we face a situation at work or anywhere we may be.
Respond to the following work scenarios according to this scale:
A – Always
B – Sometimes
C – Never
I believe and trust everything that my superior tells me.
With communication, I process and filter the details to my advantage.
Information is shared across my organization efficiently.
Open and honest communication is always encouraged.
Rumors and grapevine are effectively managed.
Reflect on each of your answers and describe your thought process. Provide any theoretical support for your communication behavior.
The Portfolio Activity entry should be a minimum of 400 words and not more than 750 words. Use APA citations and references if you use ideas from the readings or other sources.
.
Recall an experience with a transformational leader.What t.docx
Recall
an experience with a transformational leader.
What transformational leadership qualities did the person possess?
How did these qualities impact the leader’s interactions with others?
Share your response in a minimum of 175 words.
.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
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Recognizing the fact usernames passwords are the weakest link in an organization’s security system because username and password are shareable, and most passwords and usernames are vulnerable and ready to be cracked with a variety of methods using adopting a record number of devices and platforms connected to the Internet of Things daily and at an alarming rate.
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Recognizing ArgumentsIn this assignment, you will apply key co.docx
Recognizing Arguments
In this assignment, you will apply key concepts covered in the module readings. You will identify the component parts of arguments and differentiate between various types of arguments such as strict, loose, inductive, and deductive. You will then construct specific, original arguments.
There are
two
parts to the assignment. Complete both parts.
Part 1
1a: Identify Components of Arguments
Identify the component parts of the argument, premises and conclusion, for the following passages. Where applicable, highlight key words or phrases that identify a claim as a premise or a conclusion.
Refer to the following example:
“All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.”
All men are mortal.
Premise
Socrates is a man.
Premise
Therefore
, Socrates is mortal.
Conclusion
“Therefore” is a key word indicating the claim is the conclusion.
1.
Sue is pregnant and will give birth to one child. We know already this child has no genetic anomalies. If Sue’s baby is a boy, he will be named Mark. If Sue’s baby is a girl, she will be named Margaret. Sue will have either a boy or a girl. So we know Sue’s baby will be named Mark or Margaret.
2.
If the library has
The
Lord of the Rings,
you won’t find it on the first floor. This is because all fantasy novels are fiction and all works of fiction are housed on the second floor of the library. Of course, I am assuming that all the books are properly shelved at this time.
3.
“After a year, brain scans showed that among the walkers, the hippocampus had increased in volume by about 2 percent on average; in the others, it had declined by about 1.4 percent. Since such a decline is normal in older adults, ’a 2 percent increase is fairly significant,’ said the lead author, Kirk Erickson, a psychologist at the University of Pittsburgh. Both groups also improved on a test of spatial memory, but the walkers improved more. While it is hard to generalize from this study to other populations, the researchers were delighted to learn that the hippocampus might expand with exercise” (Span, 2011).
Reference
Span, P. (2011, February 7). Fitness: A walk to remember? Study says yes.
The New York Times
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http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/08/health/research/08fitness.html?src=me&ref=general
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1.
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2.
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Recognition, Reification, and Practices of ForgettingEthica.docx
Recognition, Reification, and Practices of Forgetting:
Ethical Implications of Human Resource Management
Gazi Islam
Received: 3 June 2011 / Accepted: 28 July 2012 / Published online: 17 August 2012
� Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012
Abstract This article examines the ethical framing of
employment in contemporary human resource management
(HRM). Using Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition and
classical critical notions of reification, I contrast recogni-
tion and reifying stances on labor. The recognition
approach embeds work in its emotive and social particu-
larity, positively affirming the basic dignity of social
actors. Reifying views, by contrast, exhibit a forgetfulness
of recognition, removing action from its existential and
social moorings, and imagining workers as bundles of
discrete resources or capacities. After discussing why
reification is a problem, I stress that recognition and reifi-
cation embody different ethical standpoints with regards to
organizational practices. Thus, I argue paradoxically that
many current HRM best practices can be maintained while
cultivating an attitude of recognition. If reification is a type
of forgetting, cultivating a recognition attitude involves
processes of ‘‘remembering’’ to foster work relations that
reinforce employee dignity.
Keywords Human resources � Recognition � Dignity �
Frankfurt School � Critical theory � Reification
Introduction
The rapid growth of Human Resource Management (HRM)
has involved attempts to frame HRM’s role in under-
standing the human consequences of the contemporary
world of work (Heery 2008). Such attempts have generated
discussions around the ethics of HRM (Pinnington et al.
2007), varying from principled and ‘‘purist’’ perspectives
drawn from moral theory and philosophy (Rowan 2000) to
more ‘‘user-friendly’’ approaches that mix ethical-theoret-
ical foundations and formulate managerial guidelines for
practice (Winstanley and Woodall 2000; Heery 2008).
More recent approaches to HRM have begun to emerge
from critical theory, focusing on ideological and exploit-
ative aspects of HRM, and challenging mainstream
approaches to ethics by combining a practice-based
approach with a critical lens (Greenwood 2002).
The growing importance of critical ethical approaches
brings with it an increased focus on ‘‘macro’’ critiques of
HRM (Townley 1993; Islam and Zyphur 2008), calling into
question the ethical grounding of the field in general
(Greenwood 2002). While traditional views frame human
resources as costs to be minimized or resources to be
deployed strategically, critical ethical views highlight the
potentially problematic idea of ‘‘using’’ people (Green-
wood 2002), inherent in such framings. In Simon’s (1951)
seminal work, the employee is defined as one who ‘‘permits
his behavior to be guided by a decision reached by another,
irrespective of his own judgment as to the merits of that
decision’’ (p. 21), a characte.
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Your task, for this assignment, is to work in one of three teams representing three groups identified in the
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Questions to answer: 3 pages
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How will your group interact with any counter-protestors at the event?
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.
Recently, Kathy Smith, a project manager for a large industrial cons.docx
Recently, Kathy Smith, a project manager for a large industrial construction organization, was assigned to oversee a multimillion-dollar chemical plant construction project in Southeast Asia. Kathy had earned this assignment after completing a number of smaller construction assignments in North America over the past three years. This was her first overseas assignment and she was eager to make a good impression, particularly given the size and scope of the project. Successfully completing this project would increase her visibility within the organization dramatically and earmark her as a candidate for upper management. Kathy had good project management skills; in particular, she was organized and highly self-motivated. Team members at her last two project assignments used to joke that just trying to keep up with her was a full-time job. Kathy wasted no time settling in to oversee the development of the chemical plant. Operating under her normal work approach, Kathy routinely required her staff and the senior members of the project team to work long hours, ignoring weekend breaks if important milestones were coming up, and generally adopting a round the-clock work approach for the project. Unfortunately, in expecting her team, made up of local
residents, to change their work habits to accommodate her expectations, Kathy completely misread the individuals
on her team. They bitterly resented her overbearing style, unwillingness to consult them on key
questions, and aloof nature. Rather than directly confront her, however, team members began a campaign
of passive resistance to her leadership. They would purposely drag their feet on important assignments
or cite insurmountable problems when none, in fact, existed. Kathy’s standard response was to push herself
and her project team harder, barraging subordinates with increasingly urgent communications demanding
faster performance. To her bewilderment, nothing seemed to work. The project quickly became bogged down due
to poor team performance and ended up costing the project organization large penalties for late delivery.
Although Kathy had many traits that worked in her favor, she was seriously lacking in the ability to recognize
the feelings and expectations of others and take them into consideration.
Questions
1. Discuss how Kathy lacked sufficient emotional
intelligence to be effective in her new project
manager assignment.
2. Of the various dimensions of emotional intelligence,
which dimension(s) did she appear to lack
most? What evidence can you cite to support this
contention?
This assignment involves that the student read the case study and answer all questions at the end of the case study in a
4-5 page paper
. Your answers must include substantial support from at least two (2) scholarly journal articles on project management.
Should be written in should be in APA formatting (title page, reference page, NO abstract page, in-text citations, running head, page numbers, Ti.
Recently your facility has had patient complaints about staff posing.docx
Recently your facility has had patient complaints about staff posing with patents and posting these pictures on social media. You have also noticed many staff members "friending" patients and/or their families.
Your facility has decided to form a social media policy committee to consider establishing policy about the use of social media by staff at your facility.
***Write a policy that covers the following areas. (and the file that I uploaded)***
1. Is posting on social media a violation of any Federal or State Law? Be sure to cite appropriate law in your policy
2. Do you think your facility needs a social media policy?
3. What departments should be included on the social media policy committee?
4. Are there any hospital departments or staff that should be excluded on the social media policy committee?
5. How will you present this new policy to new employees? Existing employees?
6. How will you address social media as an organization? Who will have ownership of this policy?
7. How will you address staff who wish to express their opinions or views about health care issues on social media.
Use correct policy format to include:
Title
Date
Affected
Content
Procedure as applicable
Signature page
.
Recently, I built a floating bed frame for my room. I watched a qu.docx
Recently, I built a "floating" bed frame for my room. I watched a quick YouTube video and jotted down the dimensions of the bed, the materials I needed, and a mini blue print for how it was going to end up. My notes allowed for me to get everything I needed in one shot at the hardware store and instead of referring back to the video I could just look at my notes. While assembling, I was able to remind myself how certain things went together by looking at my notes allowing for me to complete the bed frame quickly and in an enjoyable way.
While looking at the rubric, I found that the 4 points on the project addressing the course outcomes is most important. it allows for me to understand the main points of the projects before doing it. Also, I believe these will be helpful notes when doing the project to keep me on track of the topic.
Actively listening is something that will be critical while pursuing a business administration degree. It is something that I struggle with and need to work on. I am a visual learner by all means and have trouble actually listening to people when they talk. In the business world, being able to converse and hear others ideas and thoughts is paramount.
.
Recently, a US Circuit Court upheld the enforceability of Website .docx
Recently, a
US Circuit Court upheld the enforceability of Website Terms of Service (ToS)
, even though the user did not have to click-through to agree.
Identify one positive and one negative implication of this finding.
What terms do you believe are ethically appropriate for such agreements? Explain your position.
.
Recently police departments across the nation has been accused o.docx
Recently police departments across the nation has been accused on targeting and murdering innocent black men. These departments are now in a position to have to rebuild their reputations. Your job is to analyze this situation and determine ways for them to establish their credibility Use the EBSCO and the INTERNET to locate material on this company. Make sure you integrate the text material.
1) Identify the specific problems the organization faces: support this material with research.
2) What should management’s role be? Relate this section specifically to the text material and apply that material.
3) Determine who their audiences are and what they need to say to each of them.
4) What media should use to get this message across? Be specific.
5) How will the organization evaluate the success of their public relations?
Remember that the point of this assignment is to demonstrate that you understand and can apply the text material. Please write out the questions and then answer them individually. Use the APA method of documentation.
.
Recently Capital One experienced scandal1. Understand what.docx
Recently Capital One experienced scandal:
1. Understand what happened at
Capital One
– What risks were impacted
2. Understand the
redflags/signs/indications
in this case
3. What did Capital One
fail to do
4. What
could Capital One have done better to protect itself
.
Please prepare
a 10-minute presentation on this topic
.
.
Recall a time when you received bad news, either in your academic or.docx
Recall a time when you received bad news, either in your academic or professional experience, which was not delivered in a very tactful manner. Or, recall a time when you delivered bad news, which you might have delivered in a more sensitive way. What were the circumstances of the event? What bad news buffering strategies could have lightened the blow of the bad news you received, or, how might you have better buffered the bad news you delivered? Finally, comment on why you think it is important to be sensitive when delivering bad news within organizations and to other organizations? Obviously, there are individual’s feelings to consider, but what are some other important considerations?
.
Recent genetics research on leadership by Dr. Richard Avey suggests .docx
Recent genetics research on leadership by Dr. Richard Avey suggests about 30% of leadership is born (genetic), 30% is made in the formative years (young in life), and about 30% of leadership is "made" throughout one's life. A quote by Warren Bennis informs this discussion when he said "more leaders have been made by accident, circumstance, sheer grit, or will than have been made by all the leadership courses put together." Do you agree or disagree with this statement, and why? If you agree, how would you design a leadership course differently?
.
Receiving funding from a grant or other source of funds is a great a.docx
Receiving funding from a grant or other source of funds is a great accomplishment. Once the funding is received, the human services organization must be able to manage the funds effectively. The organization must also develop a plan to sustain the program after the funding period ends or the potential for change from the funded program may be limited.
For this Discussion, review the budget provided in the grant proposal that you discussed in Discussion 1 of this Week. Consider how you would prioritize budgetary needs and fundraise to continue covering costs of this program after the grant period has ended.
By Day 4
Post
a brief description of the budget presented in the grant proposal you selected. Describe how you might alter the budget after the grant ended or which budget items you would prioritize as you sought additional funding to continue the program. Explain why you would make these changes or prioritize specific budget items. Finally, explain how you would fundraise to meet the budget priorities.
Support your post with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.
Required Readings
Lauffer, A. (2011).
Understanding your social agency
(3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Sage.
Chapter 9, “Fundraising and Development” (pp. 285–320)
Bowman, W. (2011). Financial capacity and sustainability of ordinary nonprofits.
Nonprofit Management & Leadership
,
22
(1), 37–51.
LeRoux, K. (2009). Managing stakeholder demands: Balancing responsiveness to clients and funding agents in nonprofit social service organizations.
Administration & Society, 41
(2), 158–184.
Barasa, E. W., Cleary, S., Molyneux, S., & English, M. (2017). Setting healthcare priorities: a description and evaluation of the budgeting and planning process in county hospitals in Kenya.
Health policy and planning, 32
(3), 329-337.
Nelson, D., & Ruffalo, L. (2017). Grant writing: Moving from generating ideas to applying to grants that matter.
The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 52
(3), 236-244.
Foundation Center. (2018). GrantSpace: Sample documents. Retrieved from https://grantspace.org/resources/sample-documents/
Note:
You will need to create a log-in to the website to access and download the documents. This is a free service.
Required Media
Foundation Center. (2015, September 10).
Introduction to project budgets
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://grantspace.org/training/introduction-to-project-budgets/
Foundation Center. (2015, April 21).
Introduction to proposal writing
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://grantspace.org/training/introduction-to-proposal-writing-3/
Foundation Center. (2015, September 10).
Introduction to fundraising planning
[Video file]. Retrieved from https://grantspace.org/training/introduction-to-fundraising-planning/
Optional Resources
Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action (ARNOVA). (2012). Retrieved from http://www.arnova.org/
Wald.
ReceivedRevisedAcceptedISSN 1307-9298Copyr.docx
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
ISSN: 1307-9298
Copyright © IEJEE
www.iejee.com
December 2018, Volume 11, Issue 2, 201-206
The Language Acquisition Approaches and
the Development of Literacy Skills in
Children
Ahmet Çakıroğlu*
DOI: 10.26822/iejee.2019248600
22 September 2018
24 November 2018
27 December 2018
*Correspondance Details: Ahmet Çakıroğlu, Aksaray University, Faculty of Education, Department of Primary Education, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey.
E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +90 382 288335
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the language acquisition approaches whose conceptions of language acquisitions are transferred to
learning environments through adjustments made on the basis of application methods. The paper also discussed their similarities and differ-
ences. Different approaches to language acquisition in various disciplines, different views, and perceptions of it have been developed. There are
some approaches completely distinct from others, while there are some others affected by different perspectives. In addition to the language
acquisition approaches mentioned above, the paper delineated what literacy skills are and what kind of hierarchical order is followed by the
development of these skills. The study, on one hand, deliberated children’s innate abilities and their acquired skills. by examining the reading
and writing methods and from which approach they have been affected. The study, on the other hand, summarized the views of Vygotsky,
whose contributions to learning in general and language acquisition in particular are better understood today. In brief, this paper discusses and
explains the language acquisition approaches and the development process of children’s literacy skills.
Keywords: Language Acquisition, Language Acquisition Approaches, Development Of Literacy Skills İn Children
© 2018 Published by T& K Academic. This is an open access article under the CC BY- NC- ND license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Introduction
Literacy skills are of vital importance for all people and en-
able children to get to know the life and interact with their
environment and other people, leading the way to a success-
ful career. Starting primary school is certainly a new chap-
ter and an exciting step for both students and their families.
First-grade students attending elementary school which is
the beginning of a tiring process for both teachers and stu-
dents, are equipped with the speaking skill that is the most
natural communication tool in a language. The hearing and
speaking skills, which are essential for teaching, are two basic
elements of basic language skills and they have an important
role in the acquisition of two other basic skills of reading and
writing. How to inculcate literacy skills in children and what
methods and techniques should be applied have been tried
several times for these techniques to be implemented and
today new applications have b.
Received 9 December 2017 Revised 19 September 2018 Accepted.docx
Received: 9 December 2017 Revised: 19 September 2018 Accepted: 21 September 2018
DOI: 10.1111/1748-8583.12217
R E V I E W P A P E R
When your resume is (not) turning you down:
Modelling ethnic bias in resume screening
Eva Derous1 | Ann Marie Ryan2
1 Department of Personnel Management,
Work and Organizational Psychology, Ghent
University, Ghent, Belgium
2 Michigan State University, East Lansing,
Michigan, USA
Correspondence
Eva Derous, Department of Personnel
Management, Work and Organizational
Psychology, Ghent University, Henri
Dunantlaan 2, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
Email: [email protected]
The review paper is based on a keynote held by th
Organizational Psychology, May 18, 2017, Dublin,
Hum Resour Manag J. 2018;1–18. wileyo
Abstract
Resume screening is the first hurdle applicants typically face
when they apply for a job. Despite the many empirical
studies showing bias at the resume‐screening stage, fairness
at this funnelling stage has not been reviewed systematically.
In this paper, a three‐stage model of biased resume screening
is presented. We first discuss relevant theoretical perspec-
tives (e.g., job market signalling and impression formation
theories) to explain why resume screening is vulnerable to
biased decision‐making and ethnic discrimination in particu-
lar. On the basis of the best available evidence, we consider
contingencies of ethnic discrimination in the applicant, the
decision‐maker, and the broader context (e.g., organisation),
as well as the effectiveness of interventions that might
counter ethnic bias in resume screening. The paper ends with
a critical agenda for further research and practice.
KEYWORDS
discrimination, diversity, ethnicity, recruitment, resume screening
1 | INTRODUCTION
Despite decades of legislation and HR professionals' commitment to equal opportunities, ethnic minority members
still suffer a weaker labour market position compared with equally qualified majorities (Shen, Chanda, D'Netto, &
Monga, 2009). Human capital factors may explain some of the differences in hiring outcomes, but discrimination
has also been put forward as a possible explanation (Derous & Ryan, 2018; Hoque & Noon, 1999). Ethnic minorities,
for instance, still need to complete 50% more applications to get invited for a job interview when compared with
equally qualified ethnic majorities (Zschirnt & Ruedin, 2016).
e first author at the 18th Conference of the European Association for Work and
Ireland.
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltdnlinelibrary.com/journal/hrmj 1
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-5836
mailto:[email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12217
http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/hrmj
2 DEROUS AND RYAN
Resume screening, the first hurdle applicants typically face seems particularly vulnerable to hiring discrimination.
Fairness in resume screening, however, is less well investigated when compared with the number of studies on the
adverse impact of personnel selection tests (Outt.
Recall that the goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to cut developed co.docx
Recall that the goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to cut developed countries’ carbon dioxide emission to about 5% to 7% below 1990 levels by 2012. This was a crucial first goal, but the IPCC is calling for carbon dioxide emissions in 2050 to be 60%less than the carbon dioxide emission in 1990.
Many countries were previously condemning the United States because the Bush administration and Congress refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. Although the U.S. population in 2010 was only 5% of the world population, 18% of world carbon dioxide emissions that year was produced by the United States (see Table 3). The Obama administration has taken a very different path, assumed responsibility, and took numerous actions that led to a significant decrease of the CO2 emission in the US. This course again changed dramatically by the Trump administration.
Critics of the Kyoto Protocol say that a fairer pact would be for all countries to commit to the same level of carbon dioxide emission per person. Recommendations are by 0.9 metric ton per person in 2050. Average annual carbon dioxide emission in 2010 for developing countries was 2.7 metric ton per person, which is 3 times the IPCC’s recommendation. However, the average annual carbon dioxide emission for developed countries was 10.2 metric tons per person, for US 18 (!) metric tons per person, far above IPCC’s recommendation (see Table 4). GNP, the gross national product, is a measure of a country’s economic strength.
With annual carbon dioxide emissions of 18.1 metric tons per person in 2010, the United States would have to reduce emissions by 95% to meet the standard of 0.9 metric ton per person. This means that Americans would be allowed to emit only 5% of the carbon dioxide that they are currently emitting. Imagine driving your car, heating and cooling your home, using your appliances, using your computer, using your lights, and watching TV only 5% (one-twentieth) of the time that you currently do.
Table 3 Table 4
United States and World Population GNP Ranks and Per-Person Carbon Dioxide Emissions
In the strongest action ever taken in the United States to combat climate change, in August 2015 President Obama unveiled a set of environmental actions devised to sharply cut planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions from the nation’s power plants and ultimately transform America’s electricity industry. These new rules alone will not be enough to shave off that future described above. But experts say that if the rules are combined with similar action from the world’s other major economies, as well as additional action by the future administrations, emissions could level off enough to prevent the worst effects of climate change.
The main argument against stronger actions was that the economy would suffer. Many arguments however show that it is possible for emissions to be significantly reduced without harming a country’s economy. Switzerland, Denmark, J.
Recall aclinicallearning experience you enjoyed.De.docx
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Recall our discussion of perceptions and how they influence our .docx
Recall our discussion of perceptions and how they influence our behavior. In organizational communication, perceptions play a big part in our thinking and response mechanisms; thus, affecting how we behave. We encounter barriers and noise that only compound the decision-making process. This dynamic is in motion each time we face a situation at work or anywhere we may be.
Respond to the following work scenarios according to this scale:
A – Always
B – Sometimes
C – Never
I believe and trust everything that my superior tells me.
With communication, I process and filter the details to my advantage.
Information is shared across my organization efficiently.
Open and honest communication is always encouraged.
Rumors and grapevine are effectively managed.
Reflect on each of your answers and describe your thought process. Provide any theoretical support for your communication behavior.
The Portfolio Activity entry should be a minimum of 400 words and not more than 750 words. Use APA citations and references if you use ideas from the readings or other sources.
.
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an experience with a transformational leader.
What transformational leadership qualities did the person possess?
How did these qualities impact the leader’s interactions with others?
Share your response in a minimum of 175 words.
.
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- 1. Reel Injun (2010) Neil Diamond :88 Lorber Films MEF Sanchez, J. (2012) Newsframes in Americas First Newspapers Chapter 1 “A brief examination of the sole issue of Publick Occurrences shows that a total of thirteen news stories appeared in its few pages. More than half of them (eight) contained references to American Indians, verifiable proof that American Indians have been a part of American newspapers since that mass medium first existed on this continent.” (p11) Sanchez (2012) describes content analysis and framing of each of the eight news stories and then discusses “Bias, Framing and Newspaper Conventions” using research findings. “Some of the news frames that were used to describe American Indians in Publick Occurrences in 1690 can still be found in the American mass media in the twenty-first century. On assessing positive and negative values exhibited toward American Indians in the eight news stories from Publick Occurrences that reference them, it can be seen that they fall within either positive or negative news frames.”(15) Frame 1. Positive Shared Thanksgiving celebration Frame 2. Negative "barbarous" and lurking Frame 3. Negative "butchered" the ship's master and several of the men Frame 4. Positive collaboration of citizens of Albany and New York and members
- 2. of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Frame 5. Negative Indians "pretend" smallpox at home has prevented promised support of colonists; several prisoners are used in a manner "too barbarous for any English to approve" Frame 6. Negative the people all either "butchered" or "captived" Frame 7. Negative Indians have in revenge "barbarously butchered" forty captives Frame 8. Neutral Indians take some French captives and are now sending a force farther afield, outcome uncertain “This summary reveals that only one of the eight news frames that include American Indians can be considered entirely positive in referencing them. Only one story falls into a neutral category and cannot be considered negative or positive in referencing American Indians. The remaining five of these eight news stories exhibit framing images that are negative or insensitive toward American Indians. Thus, negative imagery makes up the majority of all the news frames referring to American Indians in the first recognized newspaper in America. One other notable ethnocentric perception arose in the newspaper media with the publication of Publick Occurrences: the monolithic images of the good Indian and the bad Indian. From the news stories contained in Publick Occurrences one can see that Indians are considered good Indians when they can be referenced as allies, friendly, and "our" auxiliary Indians. They are considered bad Indians when they go against the status
- 3. quo in the Boston of 1690” (15) “...these are French Indians, butchers, lurking, lying about having smallpox, undependable, "salvages," abusing French prisoners in a manner "too barbarous for any English to approve"— even though in the same story, these Indians have gone on a military excursion into French Territories at the request of General Winthrop, where the general himself felt unprepared to venture. Instead of being hailed as a brave people for undertaking a military feat that a well- trained English army would not attempt, these Indians are featured in this news story as savages.” (16) 26 “One source of the power of the print media is the ability to create mental images with words. This first American newspaper exerted its power of persuasion during a time when words were the most powerful mode of understanding and knowing.” (16) “Over time, these insensitive ethnocentric perceptions of American Indians would come to represent a reality to European settlers and eventually to more recent citizens who absorbed the images from stories in the media of their eras. The power of the media to create insensitive, ethnocentric, and inaccurate media perceptions was as true in 1690 is it is today in the twenty- first century.” (Sanchez, 2012, 16) Sample 1: It is a sad reality that First Nation people are barely ever treated with Clark's stage of respect and full humanity. Often portrayed as plains people who hunt buffalo, or as 'savages' or as the
- 4. 'mystical warrior'. I am also taking a Native American history course and this has taught me a lot about Native American's which I never knew before. Native American's are incredibly diverse, each tribe and even subsets of tribes have their cultural and linguistic differences and yet in media they tend to be lumped all into one. I'm not from the US and I can't think of a single positive or respectful representation of Native American people. I watch mainly American TV shows and movies and most representations of Native American's are stereotypical and disrespectful. Representation is getting better with African Americans and Asian American's and yet Native American's remain almost invisible, which is incredibly sad. Sample 2: After watching the documentary films of this week for the representations of U.S First Nation people. I feel like there are many wrong stereotypes that represent the First Nation people. Native Americans are underrepresented and do not receive enough respect. I have some Native American friends that are totally different from what the documentary shows. They are brave, straight forward and always nice to people around them. I never have seen that they are brutality and degradation. In the current media mainstream, they are either underrepresented or presented in negative images and in comparison white people are always getting full representations. Sample 3： I have not watched many movies that incorporated US First Nation people and portrayed them in any sort of positive light. Honestly, I cannot think of a single TV show, movie, or any form of media for that matter, that portrays First Nation people in any positive stage of Clark's respect/full humanity. In this film in particular, the Native Americans were portrayed almost as clowns and/or villains, which would match up with the ridicule state of Clark four stages of misrepresentation. This goes far beyond the state of movies and television and bleeds
- 5. into other forms of western culture as well. There's even an NFL team named the Washington Redskins, and a baseball team called the Indians with a mascot that is blatantly insensitive.