The document discusses the processes of landfilling and recycling waste. When waste is landfilled, it is compacted into cells at the landfill site and covered with soil or clay. A liner and drainage system prevents chemicals from leaking into the soil and methane is captured. In recycling, collected waste is sorted and taken to a recycling facility to be melted and molded into new items. Recycling is preferable to landfilling as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions, conserves raw materials, and uses less land over time.

1. The consequences of recycling

4. What happens in a landfill? Waste arrives each day by lorry Waste is compacted into cells and covered in soil or clay Liner and drainage system stops chemicals leaking into soil Methane is piped away

5. Steel Click for more information Example country: Australia

6. Aluminium Click for more information Example country: Brazil

7. Glass Click for more information Example country: UK

8. Plastics Click for more information Example country: Saudi Arabia

9. Paper Click for more information Example country: Sweden

10. Recycling Recycled Collected, sorted and taken to a recycling facility Melted Made into plastic flakes Moulded into new items

11. Landfill or Recycling Which is which and which is better? Adds greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere Uses space and land Requires more raw materials for new goods and products Reduces the space and land required Reduces greenhouse gas emissions Reduces raw material use Landfill Recycling

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13. Steel Steel is made from iron ore which is found in some naturally occurring rocks. These rocks are mined and transported to factories to be melted in large furnaces to extract the metal. CLOSE

14. Aluminium Aluminium occurs in the earth’s crust as bauxite. Bauxite is a clay like rock which is mined and then refined; first into aluminium oxide and then into aluminium by electrolysis. CLOSE

15. Glass CLOSE Glass is made from the minerals sand, soda ash and limestone. These materials are extracted and transported to factories and melted together at very high temperatures.

16. Plastics CLOSE Plastics are made from crude oil which is formed by decaying plants and animals in seas that existed millions of years ago and is found under the ground. This crude oil is drilled out of the ground, transported to oil refineries for processing and taken on to factories to made into plastics. Example country: Saudi Arabia

17. Paper CLOSE Paper is made from cellulose fibres found in trees. These cellulose fibres are usually sourced from recovered waste paper, forest thinnings and sawmill residues that result from the furniture and construction industries. Papermakers then transport this material to their factories to be pulped into new paper based products.