Recent research on RNA Editing and future perspectives Researchers have discovered significant dysregulation of RNA editing in the brains of autistic people, which was present in all brain areas and implicated several synaptic genes. (Tran, Jun et al. 2019) Recent research indicates that the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 plays a significant role in human disorders such type I interferonopathies and Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (Song, Shiromoto et al. 2022). RNA editing is a major mechanism although reported to be exclusively in Eukaryotes. RNA editing has been reported in: Protozoa, plants and mammals, not yet fungi or prokaryotes; nuclear, mitochondrial, chloroplast, and viral RNAs; mRNA, tRNA, rRNA. Researchers are now exploring a form of editing in prokaryotes and certain viruses. Researchers have devised a technique for seeing RNA editing process in real time—the corrected strand gives off a green glow—and even for the restoration of functionality report. However, researches are still ongoing to elucidate key mechanisms of editing in various organisms. Major strengths and weakness of RNA Editing RE has been integrated into biological networks Gene expression, regulatory pathways and genome evolution. How RE activity is globally regulated is unknown. Many editing sites in human transcriptomes remain to be discovered. Monitoring of the global activity of RE in-vivo is rare. Future perspectives of RNA Editing Description of physiological significance of particular editing events identified in tumor, neuronal tissues and brain or other specialized organ. Molecular mechanisms on how RE affect the expression or functions of many genes through the alteration of codon, splice pattern, stability or localization of protein coding transcripts, modulation of regulatory RNA biogenesis and function. Monitoring of global activity of RE in-vivo as a useful early biomarker for patient with disease. Therapeutic applications. References Chen, Y.-T., I. Y.-F. Chang, C.-H. Kan, Y.-H. Liu, Y.-P. Kuo, H.-H. Tseng, H.-C. Chen, H. Liu, Y.-S. Chang and J.-S. J. C. Yu (2020). "circRNAome Profiling in Oral Carcinoma Unveils a Novel circFLNB that Mediates Tumour Growth-Regulating Transcriptional Response." 9(8): 1868. Hsiao, Y.-H. E., J. H. Bahn, Y. Yang, X. Lin, S. Tran, E.-W. Yang, G. Quinones-Valdez and X. J. G. r. Xiao (2018). "RNA editing in nascent RNA affects pre-mRNA splicing." 28(6): 812-823. Porath, H. T., E. Hazan, H. Shpigler, M. Cohen, M. Band, Y. Ben-Shahar, E. Y. Levanon, E. Eisenberg and G. J. N. c. Bloch (2019). "RNA editing is abundant and correlates with task performance in a social bumblebee." 10(1): 1-14. Small, I. D., M. Schallenberg‐Rüdinger, M. Takenaka, H. Mireau and O. J. T. P. J. Ostersetzer‐Biran (2020). "Plant organellar RNA editing: what 30 years of research has revealed." 101(5): 1040-1056. Song, B., Y. Shiromoto, M. Minakuchi and K. J. W. I. R. R. Nishikura (2022). "The role of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in human disease." 13(1): e16

1. Recent research on RNA Editing
and future perspectives

2. • Researchers have discovered significant dysregulation of RNA editing in the brains of
autistic people, which was present in all brain areas and implicated several synaptic
genes. (Tran, Jun et al. 2019)
• Recent research indicates that the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 plays a significant
role in human disorders such type I interferonopathies and Aicardi-Goutieres
syndrome (Song, Shiromoto et al. 2022).
• RNA editing is a major mechanism although reported to be exclusively in Eukaryotes.
• RNA editing has been reported in: Protozoa, plants and mammals, not yet fungi or
prokaryotes; nuclear, mitochondrial, chloroplast, and viral RNAs; mRNA, tRNA,
rRNA.
• Researchers are now exploring a form of editing in prokaryotes and certain viruses.
• Researchers have devised a technique for seeing RNA editing process in real time—
the corrected strand gives off a green glow—and even for the restoration of
functionality report.
• However, researches are still ongoing to elucidate key mechanisms of editing in
various organisms.
Recent research on RNA Editing

3. Major strengths and weakness of RNA
Editing
Major strengths of RNA Editing
• RE has been integrated into biological
networks
• Gene expression,
• regulatory pathways and
• genome evolution.
Major weakness of RNA Editing
1. How RE activity is globally
regulated is unknown.
2. Many editing sites in human
transcriptomes remain to be
discovered.
3. Monitoring of the global activity of
RE in-vivo is rare.

4. Future perspectives of RNA Editing
1. Description of physiological significance of particular editing events
identified in tumor, neuronal tissues and brain or other specialized
organ.
2. Molecular mechanisms on how RE affect the expression or functions
of many genes through the alteration of codon, splice pattern, stability
or localization of protein coding transcripts, modulation of regulatory
RNA biogenesis and function.
3. Monitoring of global activity of RE in-vivo as a useful early
biomarker for patient with disease.
4. Therapeutic applications.

5. References
1. Chen, Y.-T., I. Y.-F. Chang, C.-H. Kan, Y.-H. Liu, Y.-P. Kuo, H.-H. Tseng, H.-C. Chen,
H. Liu, Y.-S. Chang and J.-S. J. C. Yu (2020). "circRNAome Profiling in Oral
Carcinoma Unveils a Novel circFLNB that Mediates Tumour Growth-Regulating
Transcriptional Response." 9(8): 1868.
2. Hsiao, Y.-H. E., J. H. Bahn, Y. Yang, X. Lin, S. Tran, E.-W. Yang, G. Quinones-Valdez
and X. J. G. r. Xiao (2018). "RNA editing in nascent RNA affects pre-mRNA splicing."
28(6): 812-823.
3. Porath, H. T., E. Hazan, H. Shpigler, M. Cohen, M. Band, Y. Ben-Shahar, E. Y. Levanon,
E. Eisenberg and G. J. N. c. Bloch (2019). "RNA editing is abundant and correlates with
task performance in a social bumblebee." 10(1): 1-14.
4. Small, I. D., M. Schallenberg‐Rüdinger, M. Takenaka, H. Mireau and O. J. T. P. J.
Ostersetzer‐Biran (2020). "Plant organellar RNA editing: what 30 years of research has
revealed." 101(5): 1040-1056.
5. Song, B., Y. Shiromoto, M. Minakuchi and K. J. W. I. R. R. Nishikura (2022). "The role
of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in human disease." 13(1): e1665.
6. Tran, S. S., H.-I. Jun, J. H. Bahn, A. Azghadi, G. Ramaswami, E. L. Van Nostrand, T. B.
Nguyen, Y.-H. E. Hsiao, C. Lee and G. A. J. N. n. Pratt (2019). "Widespread RNA
editing dysregulation in brains from autistic individuals." 22(1): 25-36.