Recent Advancement in science (India part)
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This is the basic development in all fields of science which is very helpful to Humanwalfare. (Presented by Subham Preetam)
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IRJET- Pedal Powered Water Purification - A Survey
This document reviews various designs for pedal-powered water purification systems proposed by different authors. It begins with background on the need for water purification and a literature review summarizing 17 previous studies on pedal-powered water purification designs using principles like reverse osmosis, filtration, and centrifugal pumps. The document then describes the general methodology for pedal-powered water purification systems, which uses the rider's pedaling to power pumps and generators that draw in contaminated water and purify it through processes like boiling, filtering, and condensing to produce clean drinking water.
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NEWater is treated wastewater that has been purified using microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet technologies to produce potable water. It is mostly used for industrial purposes but is also consumed by humans. The water undergoes biological and chemical treatment at a water reclamation plant before microfiltration removes solids. Reverse osmosis then removes molecules and ions through pressure and selective membranes. Finally, ultraviolet light further purifies the water. Singapore has invested in NEWater since the 1970s and now has 5 plants producing 30% of its water, with a goal of 50% by 2060.
Trinity Daily Oct 4, 2018
The Ultra Violet purifier completely removes chemical and biological contaminants like chlorine, fluorides, viruses, bacteria, and micro-organisms from water. The purification process involves several stages including sand filtration, sediment filtration, carbon filtration, ultraviolet treatment, and flow control. Water treated by this prototype device was tested at a water analysis center and found to remove contaminants. Once testing is complete, the purifier will be distributed to flood affected areas and used on the college campus.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of River Cleaning Machine
This document describes the design and fabrication of a river cleaning machine that uses hydropower to remove floating waste from rivers and streams without requiring an external power source. The machine utilizes a turbine similar to a Pelton wheel that is turned by falling water. This drives conveyor belts through a system of gears, sprockets, chains and linkages to carry floating waste away from the water body. The goal was to create a simple, inexpensive machine that does not pollute the environment or require human intervention. It takes advantage of natural water heads and flows to generate the power needed to operate through a hydropower system.
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IRJET- Pedal Powered Water Purification - A Survey
This document reviews various designs for pedal-powered water purification systems proposed by different authors. It begins with background on the need for water purification and a literature review summarizing 17 previous studies on pedal-powered water purification designs using principles like reverse osmosis, filtration, and centrifugal pumps. The document then describes the general methodology for pedal-powered water purification systems, which uses the rider's pedaling to power pumps and generators that draw in contaminated water and purify it through processes like boiling, filtering, and condensing to produce clean drinking water.
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Newater is Singapore's brand name for purified reclaimed water. It is produced using advanced membrane technologies and ultraviolet disinfection to treat used water, making it ultra-clean and safe for drinking. Currently, there are 5 Newater plants that meet 30% of Singapore's total water demand. By 2060, Singapore plans for Newater to meet 50% of the country's total future water demand through expanding existing plants and tripling Newater production capacity.
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IRJET- Design and Fabrication of River Cleaning Machine
This document describes the design and fabrication of a river cleaning machine. The machine uses a waterwheel to power a conveyor belt mechanism that collects waste, garbage, and plastic waste from water bodies. It aims to reduce manual labor and time required for river cleaning. The key components include a motor, chain drive system, propeller, and conveyor belt. The design calculations cover motor sizing, gear ratios, belt drive tensions, shaft and pulley dimensions, and conveyor belt capacity. The river cleaning machine is intended to efficiently remove surface debris from rivers, lakes, and ponds to reduce water pollution and protect aquatic life.
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Trinity Daily Oct 4, 2018
The Ultra Violet purifier completely removes chemical and biological contaminants like chlorine, fluorides, viruses, bacteria, and micro-organisms from water. The purification process involves several stages including sand filtration, sediment filtration, carbon filtration, ultraviolet treatment, and flow control. Water treated by this prototype device was tested at a water analysis center and found to remove contaminants. Once testing is complete, the purifier will be distributed to flood affected areas and used on the college campus.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of River Cleaning Machine
This document describes the design and fabrication of a river cleaning machine that uses hydropower to remove floating waste from rivers and streams without requiring an external power source. The machine utilizes a turbine similar to a Pelton wheel that is turned by falling water. This drives conveyor belts through a system of gears, sprockets, chains and linkages to carry floating waste away from the water body. The goal was to create a simple, inexpensive machine that does not pollute the environment or require human intervention. It takes advantage of natural water heads and flows to generate the power needed to operate through a hydropower system.
Young scients at iiif 2016
India International Innovation Fair held at Bangalore from 9th to 11th September 2016 provided an unique opportunity for young scientists ( school children) to join their seniors from 20 countries.
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The document describes a bicycle water purification system designed by students to provide access to safe drinking water without an external energy source. The system works by using the bicycle's wheels to power a centrifugal pump that draws water from a source. The water is then purified through ultraviolet light disinfection and reverse osmosis filtration before being stored in a water tank mounted on the bicycle. Calculations confirm the system can pump over 0.0000996 cubic meters of water per second. The simple, energy-efficient design provides a solution to issues of water scarcity and access in developing areas.
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The document describes a portable household sewage treatment plant developed by Team Prakramik India of CMR Technical Campus. The system filters greywater from sinks, washing machines, showers, etc. through primary and secondary filters to remove debris and kill bacteria with UV light. It then separates solid and liquid waste for storage. The simple, low-cost system recycles 50% of household water for uses like plant watering to address water scarcity issues in a low-maintenance, decentralized way.
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International desalination is used around the world to produce fresh water from saline water. There are three main methods: reverse osmosis, vacuum distillation, and multi-stage flash distillation. The United Arab Emirates has one of the largest desalination plants in the world located in Jebel Ali, which uses multi-stage flash distillation to produce 300 million cubic meters of water per year while also generating energy. Other countries use desalinated water for household needs as well as agriculture, manufacturing, and other industries. While desalination provides benefits like increased water supply, it also has environmental impacts such as high energy use and brine discharge.
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This document describes a pond cleaning robot designed to reduce water pollution. The robot uses Bluetooth to remove waste, debris, plastics, and garbage from the surface of bodies of water like ponds, rivers, and lakes. It has a cleaning mechanism that collects and lifts debris from the water's surface to safely dispose of it. The robot is controlled remotely using an Android phone app and can move in different directions to clean across the water's surface. Its goal is to address the problems of increased water pollution harming aquatic life and impacting human health.
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2. The DOSIWAM system comprises a Malaprabha digester that converts human waste into biogas and a stabilization tank that treats greywater and slurry using a zigzag water flow to add oxygen without energy or chemicals.
3. The treated wastewater can be reused for non-consumption and the system provides sanitation solutions appropriate for Indian conditions without maintenance costs compared to conventional systems.
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The document discusses water purification in India using ceramic water filters. It notes that India will face water stress by 2020 as groundwater becomes contaminated. Existing commercial water purifiers are not affordable or able to remove all viruses and bacteria. Ceramic water filters provide an effective and low-cost solution. They are made from local materials like crop residues and clay, and can remove over 99% of bacteria and protozoa through their fired ceramic pores. Being simple to produce locally without electricity, ceramic water filters provide a sustainable way to purify drinking water.
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Its a potential efficient way of irrigation for the crops.It directs the water directly to the plant's root system. As it allows direct transmission of the water, it can be used in some cases to mix fertilizers and nutrients with the water that can be directly supplied to the root system of the plants.
Saves the water as the consumption decreases by 30% to 50%.
Reduces the problem of salinization and water-logging.
But its a bit expensive and there is an issue of clogging attached to it.
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The document proposes the Aarogyam mobile toilet project to address sanitation issues in rural India. It aims to provide a private, portable toilet structure to ensure dignity and safety for users. The structure collects human waste to produce biogas and fertilizer. An implementation in Rajasthan saw positive user feedback on convenience and cost savings versus open defecation or public toilets. Challenges include budget, cultural acceptance, and scaling for large populations.
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[Challenge:Future] Aarogyam: Hygiene and Sanitation for All
The document proposes the Aarogyam mobile toilet project to address sanitation issues in rural India. It aims to provide a private, portable toilet structure to ensure dignity and safety for users. The structure collects human waste to produce biogas and fertilizer. An implementation in Rajasthan saw positive user feedback on privacy, affordability and reduced health risks versus open defecation. Budget constraints, cultural sensitivity, and evaluating mass impacts were challenges.
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- Open defecation is a major problem in India, impacting public health. Existing rural toilets are often not maintained and unsanitary.
- The goal is to design a low-cost, easy to maintain toilet that separates human waste for treatment without using water or electricity.
- The toilet pan was designed with separate compartments to collect solid waste, urine, and washing water. Field research helped optimize dimensions.
- Pits below collect each waste stream to facilitate decomposition into usable compost without odor. Initial prototypes were tested.
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1) Mansukh bhai invented the Mitticool clay fridge that runs without electricity after an earthquake in Gujarat. GIAN helped him set up a company called Clay Creations to produce and sell Mitticools.
2) Parma Ram Chaudhary in Himachal Pradesh practices innovative farming methods without using inorganic fertilizers. He grows crops in his home and has developed agricultural tools suited to the region's conditions.
3) Gyanesh Pandey set up over 60 mini power plants fueled by rice husks that provide electricity to over 20,000 homes in Bihar.
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This document describes the design and development of an aquatic weeds collecting machine. The machine aims to automatically and efficiently clean up water bodies that are polluted with weeds and garbage. It uses a conveyor belt system powered by a propeller and battery to collect floating debris. The collected waste is then deposited into a storage tank. The machine is constructed using lightweight and corrosion-resistant PVC pipes. It can be remotely operated to clean rivers and lakes without human intervention. The automated design aims to improve the cleanliness of water bodies in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner.
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Aqua drip (solid and liquid waste management)
The document describes a portable household sewage treatment plant developed by Team Prakramik India of CMR Technical Campus. The system filters greywater from sinks, washing machines, showers, etc. through primary and secondary filters to remove debris and kill bacteria with UV light. It then separates solid and liquid waste for storage. The simple, low-cost system recycles 50% of household water for uses like plant watering to address water scarcity issues in a low-maintenance, decentralized way.
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This document describes a pond cleaning robot designed to reduce water pollution. The robot uses Bluetooth to remove waste, debris, plastics, and garbage from the surface of bodies of water like ponds, rivers, and lakes. It has a cleaning mechanism that collects and lifts debris from the water's surface to safely dispose of it. The robot is controlled remotely using an Android phone app and can move in different directions to clean across the water's surface. Its goal is to address the problems of increased water pollution harming aquatic life and impacting human health.
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This document describes a student project to design and fabricate an automated system called an "Extraction Wheel" to reduce human effort in cleaning garbage from flowing water systems like drainage. The machine is placed in drains and uses blades connected to a wheel to lift solid waste like bottles and clothes floating in the water. It includes a conveyor belt to transfer debris to a storage tank. A piston cylinder arrangement is used to compress the garbage and reduce its volume for easier storage and handling. The system is powered by an electric motor and sensors allow the piston to operate semi-automatically. It is intended for drainage systems in industries and sewage treatment plants.
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1. The document discusses sustainable sanitation practices developed by Dr. S. V. Mapuskar, including the Decentralized Onsite Integrated Waste Management (DOSIWAM) system.
2. The DOSIWAM system comprises a Malaprabha digester that converts human waste into biogas and a stabilization tank that treats greywater and slurry using a zigzag water flow to add oxygen without energy or chemicals.
3. The treated wastewater can be reused for non-consumption and the system provides sanitation solutions appropriate for Indian conditions without maintenance costs compared to conventional systems.
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The document discusses water purification in India using ceramic water filters. It notes that India will face water stress by 2020 as groundwater becomes contaminated. Existing commercial water purifiers are not affordable or able to remove all viruses and bacteria. Ceramic water filters provide an effective and low-cost solution. They are made from local materials like crop residues and clay, and can remove over 99% of bacteria and protozoa through their fired ceramic pores. Being simple to produce locally without electricity, ceramic water filters provide a sustainable way to purify drinking water.
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This document discusses the development of a vacuum controlled green toilet system for Indian Railways. It aims to overcome problems with existing toilet systems like bio-toilets, which have issues with water consumption, foul smells, and clogging. The proposed system uses vacuum technology to transfer human waste from the toilet bowl to a biodigester tank, where anaerobic bacteria break down the waste into water and fertilizer. This system is expected to reduce water usage, improve sanitation, and minimize corrosion on railway tracks compared to current toilet systems in India. The document outlines the methodology used to develop this system and its potential benefits for Indian Railways.
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Its a potential efficient way of irrigation for the crops.It directs the water directly to the plant's root system. As it allows direct transmission of the water, it can be used in some cases to mix fertilizers and nutrients with the water that can be directly supplied to the root system of the plants.
Saves the water as the consumption decreases by 30% to 50%.
Reduces the problem of salinization and water-logging.
But its a bit expensive and there is an issue of clogging attached to it.
Water Purifier
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[Challenge:Future] Aarogyam: Hygiene and Sanitation for All
The document proposes the Aarogyam mobile toilet project to address sanitation issues in rural India. It aims to provide a private, portable toilet structure to ensure dignity and safety for users. The structure collects human waste to produce biogas and fertilizer. An implementation in Rajasthan saw positive user feedback on privacy, affordability and reduced health risks versus open defecation. Budget constraints, cultural sensitivity, and evaluating mass impacts were challenges.
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The document describes a project to design a hygienic dry sanitation system for rural areas of India. Key points:
- Open defecation is a major problem in India, impacting public health. Existing rural toilets are often not maintained and unsanitary.
- The goal is to design a low-cost, easy to maintain toilet that separates human waste for treatment without using water or electricity.
- The toilet pan was designed with separate compartments to collect solid waste, urine, and washing water. Field research helped optimize dimensions.
- Pits below collect each waste stream to facilitate decomposition into usable compost without odor. Initial prototypes were tested.
Innovative solutions_AnkurRaj EPGP IIM Kashipur
1) Mansukh bhai invented the Mitticool clay fridge that runs without electricity after an earthquake in Gujarat. GIAN helped him set up a company called Clay Creations to produce and sell Mitticools.
2) Parma Ram Chaudhary in Himachal Pradesh practices innovative farming methods without using inorganic fertilizers. He grows crops in his home and has developed agricultural tools suited to the region's conditions.
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This document describes the design and development of an aquatic weeds collecting machine. The machine aims to automatically and efficiently clean up water bodies that are polluted with weeds and garbage. It uses a conveyor belt system powered by a propeller and battery to collect floating debris. The collected waste is then deposited into a storage tank. The machine is constructed using lightweight and corrosion-resistant PVC pipes. It can be remotely operated to clean rivers and lakes without human intervention. The automated design aims to improve the cleanliness of water bodies in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner.
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World population is growing continuously with more people living on the Earth than ever before. In 2007, humanity’s total ecological footprint was estimated at 1.5 planet Earths. Resources are becoming increasingly valuable as the Earth is the only source till date and others planets are still to become a viable source of these resources.
Projections estimate that we will need the equivalent of two planets by 2030 to meet our annual demands. The only way, we can reduce our footprint is by producing more with less, and consuming better, wiser and less - the way forward is better and 'frugal' choices!
In this report, we present the trends that encourage better choices; trends in Frugal Innovations, 'Jugaad' and Do-It-Yourself are explored to see how and where we can make our better choices for the future.
We conclude our report with 3 thought provoking future scenarios.
IRJET- Development of a Series Filtration Water Treatment Method for Small Co...
This document describes a study that developed a series filtration water treatment method using local materials for filter media to provide clean drinking water for small communities. The method uses a layered filter with gravel, sand, crushed coconut shells and coconut husk. Testing of the filter effluent found a considerable reduction in turbidity, total solids, pH, hardness and color intensity compared to the raw water, demonstrating the effectiveness of this low-cost filtration approach.
Design and Fabrication of Java Plum Planting Robot
The primary goal of the study is to design and fabricate a Plant sapling planting robot to facilitate planting on barren land and increase forestation. At present, most of the planting process is done manually by the labours. So, in order to minimize manual effort and to solve the problems related in this field it is essential to have sapling planting robot. We can also adopt innovative methods like these to solve the problem of shortage of labour and efficient reforestation. The scope of the study is such that the problem is general one but the solution to it is a bit specific which along with the consideration of efficient reforestation, it also considers the ergonomics and aesthetics in the design. The main points that were considered while designing stage was calculating the size of the sapling to be planted and weight of the robot. Also, a separate mechanism was developed for carrying and dropping of the saplings. This prototype prepared to bolster this research paper in prepared from a mélange of materials ranging from aluminum sections to parts prepared by rapid prototyping RP . Prof. M. S. Tufail | Nikhil Talhar | Nimish Nanotkar | Yogesh Lambat | Rishikesh Turkar "Design and Fabrication of Java Plum Planting Robot" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30587.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30587/design-and-fabrication-of-java-plum-planting-robot/prof-m-s-tufail
Compostera - Safe attractive and non-polluting toilets
This document discusses enclosed long-term processing toilets as a sustainable sanitation solution for India. It notes that traditional toilets often pollute groundwater, spread disease, and are unattractive to users. The proposed toilets are odor-free, produce fertilizer as an end product, and safely contain waste for up to 40 years. They do not require water or frequent maintenance. Examples of successful installations in India and other countries are provided. The toilets are presented as an affordable, long-lasting solution that protects public health and the environment.
Integrating Nano-mesh Filter-based Water ATMs with last mile economy by Sunil...
Integrating Nano-mesh Filter-based Water ATMs with last mile economy by Sunil...Sandeep "Sunny" Narang
This document summarizes a project to integrate nano-mesh filter-based water ATMs with a last mile economy. The key points are:
1) The project aims to address water pollution and scarcity by providing a new patented nano-mesh filter technology that can purify water without removing minerals. This is done through water ATMs distributed across locations.
2) A blockchain network will be used to tokenize filtered water into crypto tokens (FWUT) and create a circular economy around the water ATMs. This will enable access to filtered water for all token holders.
3) The network will consist of various stakeholders including filter manufacturers, housing manufacturers, water ATM managers, bulk suppliers and retail users. AllIRJET- Experimental Work by Vacuum Methodology Study on Waste Water
The document describes an experimental study on wastewater treatment using vacuum filtration methodology. The study collected wastewater from residential areas and treated it using reverse osmosis (RO) filtration to purify the water by removing contaminants. Testing showed that the RO filter was able to absorb 3-5 liters of water per hour. The treated water was then suitable for reuse applications like gardening. Vacuum filtration was used to rapidly draw the wastewater through a filter. Activated carbon filtration was also utilized to remove gases, smoke particles, bacteria, chemicals and other pollutants from the water. The treated water met purity standards for reuse after processing the wastewater through the RO filtration system.
Analysis And Design Of Sewage Treatment Plant Using Phytorid Technology
This document presents an analysis and design of a sewage treatment plant using Phytorid technology. Key points:
- Phytorid technology uses natural processes and plants to treat sewage in a cost-effective and low maintenance way.
- The design is for a plant to treat 120 cubic meters per day of sewage from a university campus.
- The design includes components like a screen, sedimentation tank, phytorid bed with specific plant species, and a storage tank for treated water.
- Calculations are shown for sizing each component based on flow rates. Materials required and a cost estimate of Rs. 21,73,866.80 are presented.
-
C&E News nanotech_on_tap
Groundwater in parts of India contains high levels of arsenic, posing health risks. Researchers at IIT Madras developed porous granules made of iron-containing nanoparticles and a biopolymer that remove arsenic from water. These granules have been used in over 100 community water purifiers in West Bengal, serving thousands of people with arsenic-free water at an affordable cost. The technology shows promise to provide clean drinking water for many more people around the world impacted by contaminated water sources.
Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Root Zone Technology Option: Colacassia Plant
Root Zone Technology is one of the low cost
methods to treat wastewater. With the help of this system we
can treat the Non-Point sources with best results. To achieve
this goal we have to divide the Non-Point sources into
constructed channels within the river bank followed by root
zone bed or if the Non-Point Sources is coming from natural
nallas we can provide this system within its Channel. We
have prepared channel on which I have developed the root
zone bed and have lab analysis of rector out put on number
of parameters. Flow rate and Detention time are the two
factors on which channels are to be designed. Therefore I
am changing the flow rate and finding out the change in
parameter with respect to detection time. The optimization
is when we get best result with maximum flow. I have got
satisfactory results for the detention time of Three day,
Seven day and twenty one day and Three day. With the help
of this data I have designed the root zone bed system for the
selected actual Domestic Sources.
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Alcohol and its effects on the body
Alcohol can have wide-ranging effects on the body's systems:
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- Excessive drinking increases heart workload and can cause arrhythmias, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease over time.
- All organs of the digestive system are at risk from alcohol abuse, including risks of certain cancers and bleeding. This may also impact nutrient absorption.
- Both the male and female reproductive systems are damaged by heavy drinking through effects like impotence, irregular periods, and increased disease transmission risk.
- Bones can become weaker due to impacts on
Cryptocurrency A brief History
Crypto-currency is a digital currency that works as a medium of exchange like normal currencies such as USD. It uses cryptography to secure transactions and control the creation of new coins. Some key points about crypto-currency are that it has no central authority, uses decentralized control, and works using public/private keys to verify transfers of value. Popular crypto-currencies include Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin. To use crypto-currency, users need a digital wallet to send and receive digital coins.
Basics of Artificial Neural Network
This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks. It discusses the biological neuron model that inspired artificial neural networks. The key components of an artificial neuron are inputs, weights, summation, and an activation function. Neural networks have an interconnected architecture with layers of nodes. Learning involves modifying the weights through algorithms like backpropagation to minimize error. Neural networks can perform supervised or unsupervised learning. Their advantages include handling complex nonlinear problems, learning from data, and adapting to new situations.
Fundamentals of Block chain Technology
This document provides an overview of block-chain technology and how it works. It explains that block-chain was originally created for Bitcoin as a digital ledger that distributes transaction data across a network of computers. Each computer holds a copy of the ledger and transactions are verified through consensus protocols. This makes the records more secure and transparent than a centralized system by preventing fraudulent transactions. The document also discusses how block-chain could improve online transactions by lowering security risks and errors through its distributed structure.
Beneficial use of Microorganism
This document discusses the beneficial uses of microorganisms in industry. It provides criteria for selecting industrial microorganisms, such as being able to produce large amounts of a single product efficiently. It then categorizes and gives examples of microorganisms used to produce various acids, vitamins, enzymes, and other compounds. Specifically, it notes that citric acid is produced by Aspergillus niger, lactic acid by Lactobacillus, and lysine by Enterobacter aerogenes. Overall, the document outlines how microorganisms are useful in producing commercial products through fermentation.
Nanotechnology the Advanced Science
This document discusses various aspects of nanotechnology including nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, nanobiometrics, nanomanipulators, nanorobots, nanoelasticity, and carbon nanotubes. It provides definitions and examples of each topic. The key applications of nanotechnology include use in medical technology for disease detection and treatment, detection of toxic chemicals in the environment, and improving areas like renewable energy, agriculture, and space development. The document concludes that nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize many industries by 2020 but continued research commitment is needed.
Chandryaan 2
Chandrayaan-2 mission is a highly complex mission, which represents a significant technological leap compared to the previous missions of ISRO, which brought together an Orbiter, Lander and Rover with the goal of exploring south pole of the Moon. (Presented by SUBHAM PREETAM)
Coronavirus
This document discusses coronaviruses, including their classification, structure, replication process, transmission, and diseases they cause. Coronaviruses are spherical or helical viruses 80-220nm in diameter that contain a positive-sense RNA genome. They have spike, envelope and membrane proteins and enter host cells by fusing with the cell membrane. The RNA is then translated and new viral proteins are assembled and released via exocytosis. Coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory secretions and cause up to 15% of common colds as well as more severe diseases like MERS, SARS, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis.
Membrane structure
The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that forms the boundary of cells. It is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass through more easily than others. Early models proposed that proteins were sandwiched between phospholipid layers, but the fluid mosaic model established in 1972 described proteins as being dispersed within and moving laterally through the fluid phospholipid bilayer. Membrane proteins have important functions including transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, and attachment to intracellular and extracellular structures. Membranes are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus and their structure results in the selective permeability that allows cells to exchange materials with their surroundings.
Silk moth and silk production
This document provides information about silk production from silkworms. It discusses the different types of silkworms used for silk production, including the most common domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori. It describes the life cycle of the silkworm from egg to adult moth and the process of silk production, where silkworm larvae spin cocoons made of silk fiber. It also gives an overview of the sericulture industry and management processes involved in commercial silk production.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY ON SLEEPING SICKNESS:
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Food Packing
This document discusses intelligent food packaging. It defines intelligent packaging as packaging that can sense, detect, trace, record and communicate information to extend shelf life and improve safety and quality. The document outlines different types of intelligent packaging indicators and sensors, including time/temperature indicators, oxygen indicators, RFID tags, and intelligent and gas sensors. It provides examples of how these systems work and concludes that intelligent packaging is an innovative technology aimed at extending shelf life and improving food quality and safety while warning of potential problems.
Golden rice technology
Golden rice is a genetically engineered rice variety developed to address vitamin A deficiency. It contains beta-carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A. It was created by introducing two genes - one for phytoene synthase from daffodils and one for lycopene cyclase from soil bacteria. These genes allow golden rice to produce beta-carotene in the endosperm. Golden rice breeding programs are working to introduce it into popular rice varieties in countries with widespread malnutrition. The goal is to help reduce symptoms of vitamin A deficiency like blindness and increased disease susceptibility. While golden rice could help address malnutrition issues more sustainably than supplements, some disadvantages include potential allergies, reduced biodiversity, and
Immunotherapy
This document discusses how CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress natural killer (NK) cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Specifically, it finds that Tregs directly inhibit NKG2D-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo through a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-dependent mechanism. This suppression of NK cell function by Tregs effectively inhibits NK cell-mediated tumor rejection. The document explores this finding through experiments isolating spleen NK cells, Tregs, and tumor cell lines and analyzing their interactions both in vitro and in vivo in mouse tumor models.
Biosurfect againt Cancer
This document summarizes a study that investigated the cytotoxic effects of two microbial biosurfactants (S9BS and CHBS) against human embryonic kidney cancerous cells (HEK-293). The biosurfactants were found to exhibit cytotoxic effects against the HEK-293 cells in a dose-dependent manner based on MTT assays. Morphological changes and apoptosis were observed in the biosurfactant-treated cells compared to untreated cells. FACS analysis further confirmed the role of apoptosis in the biosurfactant-induced cytotoxicity through increased sub-G1 cells. The study demonstrates the potential for these microbial biosurfactants as anticancer agents through membrane disruption and apoptosis induction in cancer cells.
Inhibition effect of Garlic and Onion
The data shows that onion and garlic extracts can be used as potential candidates for preparation of anti-dermatophytic by Sir Subham.
Blast subham
This is mostly used to be understand what should blast use in biotechnology ...This was explained by Subham Preetam
Biosurfectant production
- The document describes research on a biosurfactant produced by Lysinibacillus fusiformis S9 that is capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacterial biofilm formation.
- The biosurfactant was characterized as a glycolipid through techniques like TLC, FTIR and NMR analysis. It was shown to inhibit biofilm formation of E. coli and Streptococcus mutants at a concentration of 40 μg/ml.
- Significantly, the biosurfactant was able to prevent bacterial attachment and biofilm formation equally well on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces like glass and catheter tubing, demonstrating its potential for preventing biofouling in medical applications.
Ebola virus
The document summarizes information about Ebola virus and the use of blood transfusion as a potential treatment. It discusses:
1) Ebola virus was first identified in 1976 and causes viral hemorrhagic fever. The 2013-2014 outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history.
2) With no vaccine or reliable drug treatment, symptomatic care including blood transfusion from recovered patients has been used.
3) For blood transfusion to be effective and safe as a treatment, donors must be properly screened and blood must be type-matched to the recipient to avoid complications.
Benifits of ginger
This study investigated the inhibitory effects of aqueous onion and garlic extracts on the growth and keratinase activity of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, a fungus that causes skin infections. Thirty isolates of T. mentagrophytes were tested for their ability to produce keratinase, a key enzyme for fungal invasion. The isolates demonstrated a range of keratinase production levels under optimal culture conditions. Both onion and garlic extracts significantly inhibited the growth of T. mentagrophytes at various concentrations, with up to 100% inhibition at a 10% extract concentration. The extracts also inhibited keratinase activity of the fungus in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that onion and garlic extracts have potential for development into anti
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Recent Advancement in science (India part)
- 1. 1 Advance In Science A Chapter of Resent Progress SUBHAM PREETAM Nayagarh, 752069, Odisha · +91 9337824112, 9090949732 Mail- sspritamrath93@gmail.com · Linked in :- www.linkedin.com/in/subham-preetam-97b2b0148 Researchgate ID:- https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Subham_Preetam2
- 2. Manav (robot) India's first 3D-printed humanoid robot Manav is India's first humanoid robot which was developed in the laboratory of A-SET Training and Research Institutes by Diwakar Vaish (Head of Robotics and Research, A-SET Training and Research Institutes) in late December 2014. It debuted at the IIT- Bombay Techfest 2014-15 in Mumbai
- 3. • Manav stands at 2 feet tall and has a weight of 2 kilograms. It is equipped with onboard sound processing and visual processing. • Thanks to the onboard processor and various sensors, Manav can perform various activities like walking, dancing with the only requirement of human voice commands. • Manav's outer body was designed in A-SET's own 3D printing laboratory and is made of Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic.[2][3][4][5][6] • Manav has a total of 21 degrees of freedom, • The robot comes with a rechargeable Lithium polymer battery which can keep it running for one hour. • The robot is also equipped with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity.
- 4. Jamun seed-made water purify by IIT Hyderabad • Using a jamun seed based 'Activated Carbon', the researchers demonstrated that they could bring down fluoride to levels that were considered acceptable by the World Health Organisation (WHO) • Jamun seed was converted to highly porous carbon material by chemical treatment followed by processing at higher temperatures to improve its efficiency. Initially, trials were carried out with the obtained material for synthetic fluoride solutions prepared in the laboratory. • Post-treatment, the researchers observed that the fluoride concentration was reduced to the acceptable limit of WHO, which is less than 1.5 mg/litre.
- 6. Ulta Chaata Harveste The Future of Rainwater Harvesting and Solar Energy - All in one
- 7. Applications
- 8. Self-Repairing Roads • Innovation by: Nemkumar Bhantia • Unlike the typical concrete road, in which cement is a key component, Banthia’s self-repairing road uses 60 % fly-ash and only 40 % cement. The fibres used have a hydrophilic nano-coating, which attract water in the event of rains. The water then becomes a key component in healing cracks. When a crack appears, this water gives hydration capability to the un-hydrated cement, and produces more silicates, which actually close the crack before they grow larger.
- 9. The first such road in Karnataka is not only cost-effective, but has greater longevity
- 10. Envigreen Edible Bags • India has been moving away from plastics for many years and many cities have already issued plastic bag bans. While legislation like this helps to protect our environment and wildlife, a young entrepreneur, Ashwath Hegde, noticed that it was a hardship for many Indians.
- 11. He eventually landed on a combination of natural starch (from potato and tapioca) and vegetable oils to make a bag that looks and feels just like plastic with none of the negative environmental impacts of a plastic vessel. EnviGreen‘s bags will naturally degrade in 180 days and if they are submerged in water they disappear in a day. Oh and also – these bags are edible. This means that when animals encounter non-degraded bags, they can eat them with no adverse effects.
- 12. Solar Power Tree • Developed by the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CSIR- CMERI), the Solar Power Tree generates the same amount of electricity as a conventional array (enough to light up 5 homes), but on a much smaller plot of land. With photovoltaic panels placed at different levels on branches made of steel, “solar trees” could dramatically reduce the amount of land needed to develop solar parks.
- 13. Solar power trees are also capable of harnessing 10 to 15 percent more power compared to ground-mounted solar arrays. The tree charges a battery backup system that can provide two hours of light after sunset on a full charge. The solar tree is also self-cleaning, with a built-in water sprinkler to clear any debris that would interfere with efficiency
- 14. Institute of Life Sciences Scientists Develop Antibodies Against Chikungunya The Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneshwar research team has successfully developed antibodies against the Chikungunya viral (CHIKV) infection, after which it has entered into a non-exclusive license for product commercialization.
- 15. The antibodies were created following decade-long research on the CHIKV disease at the ILS lab headed by Dr. Soma Chattopadhyay, a senior molecular virologist. Dr. Chattopadhyay was chosen for its Biotech Product, Process Development and Commercialisation Award 2019 from the Department of Biotechnology.
- 16. THANK YOU