The document discusses renewable natural gas (RNG) or biogas, which is methane captured from the anaerobic decay of biomass materials. RNG can power vehicles and be processed into transportation fuels like gasoline and diesel. It is produced through anaerobic digestion or gasification of waste materials from agriculture, food, municipalities, and even plastics. RNG has advantages over other biofuels as an energy source, providing more BTUs per acre with lower production costs. The document outlines various applications of RNG as a transportation fuel or to generate electricity locally.
The Blue Sphere anaerobic digestion facility in Johnston, RI will:
- Accept 250 tons of food scrap daily and generate 3.2 megawatts of electricity.
- Include 11 structures to process food scrap into methane gas and fertilizer.
- Begin operations in spring 2022 after breaking ground in 2021. The facility will be fully operational by summer 2022.
- Generate revenue from tipping fees, electricity sales to the grid, and fertilizer sales.
Utilization of Food Waste to Produce BiodieselIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing food waste to produce biodiesel. Food waste was collected from a university campus and analyzed. It had moisture contents ranging from 5.2-7.2% depending on drying method. Lipid extraction yielded 15.8% lipids. Gas chromatography identified various fatty acids present including lauric, mystric, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, indicating potential for biodiesel production. Transesterification of the lipids produced 31.9% biodiesel. Testing found the biodiesel met various standards for density, viscosity and other properties, suggesting food waste is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production.
Systematic analysis of algalbio-fuel production integrated with domestic wastewater treatment in Armenia. The document discusses using algae grown in wastewater to produce biofuels, reducing emissions while treating wastewater. It evaluates using traditional wastewater ponds, advanced integrated ponds, or photobioreactors with wastewater. Algae grown would be harvested and processed to extract oils for biodiesel production. Future work could focus on decentralized, movable photobioreactor systems for flexible wastewater treatment and biodiesel production.
Technologies Involved in Biomass to Energy Conversion and its Utilization in ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses biomass conversion technologies used in India to generate energy from biomass. It begins with an introduction to biomass as a renewable energy source and India's growing installed capacity of renewable energy. It then describes the various types of biomass resources available in India, including wood/agricultural waste, solid waste, landfill gas, and biofuels. The major technologies currently used at large scale in India are discussed - co-firing of biomass with coal, gasification of biomass, and anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas. While biomass energy has benefits, issues associated with large-scale usage include potential environmental impacts if forest resources are overexploited and public health impacts if biomass
Wastewater treatment plants can produce renewable biogas energy through anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and other organic waste. The biogas can be used to generate electricity and heat on-site through combined heat and power systems, reducing energy costs and emissions. Larger regional facilities may provide greater economies of scale for energy production compared to plant-by-plant solutions. Proper operation and monitoring of digestion systems optimizes biogas yield and renewable energy output.
This document discusses converting cow dung into methanol through a two-step process of anaerobic digestion followed by acid treatment. The quantities and qualities of methane gas and methanol produced depend on factors like slurry concentration and temperature. Gas chromatography analysis found the biogas contained 57.23% methane. Refining the biogas enhanced the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, making the organic components more available for the acid reaction. Spectroscopic analysis indicated methanol was formed, with a purity of 92.5%. The process also generates fertilizer from the leftover sludge.
This document reviews the potential for using waste-derived bioenergy in marine systems. It discusses how biomass energy from waste can help address sustainability challenges while offsetting greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. The document also examines trends in biomass development, including the growth of biofuels markets and potential applications for shipping. A process is proposed for meeting biomass demands that involves energy auditing, risk analysis, and a system to collect organic waste, ferment it to produce methane gas, and use the gas in a cogenerator.
The Blue Sphere anaerobic digestion facility in Johnston, RI will:
- Accept 250 tons of food scrap daily and generate 3.2 megawatts of electricity.
- Include 11 structures to process food scrap into methane gas and fertilizer.
- Begin operations in spring 2022 after breaking ground in 2021. The facility will be fully operational by summer 2022.
- Generate revenue from tipping fees, electricity sales to the grid, and fertilizer sales.
Utilization of Food Waste to Produce BiodieselIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing food waste to produce biodiesel. Food waste was collected from a university campus and analyzed. It had moisture contents ranging from 5.2-7.2% depending on drying method. Lipid extraction yielded 15.8% lipids. Gas chromatography identified various fatty acids present including lauric, mystric, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, indicating potential for biodiesel production. Transesterification of the lipids produced 31.9% biodiesel. Testing found the biodiesel met various standards for density, viscosity and other properties, suggesting food waste is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production.
Systematic analysis of algalbio-fuel production integrated with domestic wastewater treatment in Armenia. The document discusses using algae grown in wastewater to produce biofuels, reducing emissions while treating wastewater. It evaluates using traditional wastewater ponds, advanced integrated ponds, or photobioreactors with wastewater. Algae grown would be harvested and processed to extract oils for biodiesel production. Future work could focus on decentralized, movable photobioreactor systems for flexible wastewater treatment and biodiesel production.
Technologies Involved in Biomass to Energy Conversion and its Utilization in ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses biomass conversion technologies used in India to generate energy from biomass. It begins with an introduction to biomass as a renewable energy source and India's growing installed capacity of renewable energy. It then describes the various types of biomass resources available in India, including wood/agricultural waste, solid waste, landfill gas, and biofuels. The major technologies currently used at large scale in India are discussed - co-firing of biomass with coal, gasification of biomass, and anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas. While biomass energy has benefits, issues associated with large-scale usage include potential environmental impacts if forest resources are overexploited and public health impacts if biomass
Wastewater treatment plants can produce renewable biogas energy through anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and other organic waste. The biogas can be used to generate electricity and heat on-site through combined heat and power systems, reducing energy costs and emissions. Larger regional facilities may provide greater economies of scale for energy production compared to plant-by-plant solutions. Proper operation and monitoring of digestion systems optimizes biogas yield and renewable energy output.
This document discusses converting cow dung into methanol through a two-step process of anaerobic digestion followed by acid treatment. The quantities and qualities of methane gas and methanol produced depend on factors like slurry concentration and temperature. Gas chromatography analysis found the biogas contained 57.23% methane. Refining the biogas enhanced the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, making the organic components more available for the acid reaction. Spectroscopic analysis indicated methanol was formed, with a purity of 92.5%. The process also generates fertilizer from the leftover sludge.
This document reviews the potential for using waste-derived bioenergy in marine systems. It discusses how biomass energy from waste can help address sustainability challenges while offsetting greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. The document also examines trends in biomass development, including the growth of biofuels markets and potential applications for shipping. A process is proposed for meeting biomass demands that involves energy auditing, risk analysis, and a system to collect organic waste, ferment it to produce methane gas, and use the gas in a cogenerator.
There are significant biological, chemical, and mechanical engineering challenges to the commercialization of algae energy. Some of the key challenges include strain selection, maximizing photosynthetic efficiency, increasing lipid production, devising efficient fermentation processes, reducing the costs of harvesting, drying, and extracting oil from algae, and scaling up cultivation, harvesting, and processing systems in a cost-effective manner. Overcoming these challenges will be necessary for algae energy to become economically viable.
IRJET- Energy Conservation and Generation through Biodegradable Solid Waste- ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on a compact biogas plant designed to treat organic solid waste. Key points:
- A biogas plant was installed using two connected water tanks to digest used tea powder from a canteen.
- The system effectively reduced waste volume and organic load while producing biogas.
- The digester performance and gas production were good, and operation/maintenance was easier than conventional plants.
- The system offers a decentralized organic waste treatment option that generates renewable energy and fertilizer.
Micro-Scale Biogas Production: A Beginner's GuideGardening
This document provides an introduction and overview of micro-scale biogas production through anaerobic digestion. It discusses how anaerobic digestion works, factors that influence the process like temperature and pH, appropriate feedstocks, and several common designs for simple household or farm-scale digesters. The designs described include a polyethylene tube trench digester and an in-ground dome design, both of which are low-cost options used in developing countries. The document aims to demonstrate how small-scale biogas production can provide renewable energy and fertilizer while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
IRJET- Green Energy Recovery for Sustainable DevelopmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses green energy recovery from waste for sustainable development. It describes how waste can be used to generate green energy through various thermo-chemical and bio-chemical conversion processes like combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and ethanol fermentation. These conversion processes transform biomass and organic waste into useful forms of energy like electricity, heat, biofuels and prevent waste from occupying landfills. The document also outlines different biomass resources that can be used, including agricultural/forest residues, energy crops, urban/municipal waste, and aquatic plants. Overall, green energy recovery from waste has benefits like reducing dependence on fossil fuels, producing renewable energy, and enabling more sustainable waste management.
Systematic analysis of algalbio-fuel production integrated with domestic wastewater treatment in Armenia. The presentation evaluates using algae to treat wastewater and produce biofuels. It discusses using algae cultivation technologies like open ponds and photobioreactors, and the processes of algae harvesting, oil extraction, and biodiesel production. Future work could involve using photo bioreactors for decentralized wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. In conclusion, algae is a potential solution that can make wastewater treatment cost-competitive while producing biofuels to reduce carbon emissions.
Biochar Summit Ormoc City, Leyte, Philippines (in November 2018)Christer Soderberg
This document provides information from a presentation on biochar and regenerative agriculture. It discusses biochar as a means of improving soil quality, increasing crop yields, and mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon. A field trial demonstrated increased yields with the addition of biochar to soil amendments. The presentation promotes biochar as a sustainable waste management practice and soil regeneration technique that can boost food security, water security, and climate security while providing economic opportunities.
IRJET- Enhancement of Biogas Production by Co-Digestion of Fruit and Vegetabl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on enhancing biogas production through co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste with cow dung. Four mixtures of fruit, vegetable, and cow waste were prepared in different ratios and subjected to anaerobic digestion. The biogas production from each mixture was measured and modeled using logistic and modified Gompertz kinetic models. The results showed that a ratio of 0.5 parts fruit waste, 1.5 parts vegetable waste, and 1 part cow waste produced the highest amount of biogas and fit best to the modified Gompertz model. Characterization of the waste mixtures found total solid and volatile solid contents ranged from 74-75% with C/N ratios between 5-9.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, which is a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, which is a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
1) The document describes a study on designing and fabricating a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste.
2) The goals of the study were to produce alternative energy from biogas in an effective and cost-efficient manner, while also generating high-quality fertilizer.
3) Kitchen waste was collected from hostel mess halls at a university to use as feedstock for a 20L laboratory-scale biogas reactor to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion.
IRJET- Design of Biogas Plant for Food Waste and Evaluation of Biogas Generat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that designed a biogas plant for food waste generated at a college in India and evaluated the efficiency of biogas production from various co-digester mixtures added to the food waste. The researchers conducted a survey that found the college generates an average of 100kg of food waste per day. They designed a fixed dome biogas plant based on this amount of waste with a gas production rate of 24 cubic meters per day. Experiments tested co-digesters of water hyacinth, algae, cow dung, and sugar cane added to food waste in a 1:1 ratio, finding water hyacinth improved overall biogas plant efficiency the most. The study concluded a biogas plant using a
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM COW DUNG, FOOD WASTE AND ORGANIC ...IAEME Publication
Anaerobic digestion is one of the ecofriendly methods to treat and dispose the biodegradable wastes and has more advantages when compared to any other waste treatment methods. Biogas production and composting of slurry from the biogas plant is one of the methods to reduce volume of waste (zero waste discharge) and maximum energy recovery from the organic wastes is possible.
In this study the production potential of biogas from bio degradable organic wastes such as food waste, cow dung and fresh organic wastes under the same operating condition of room temperature between 28ºC to 32ºCare compared. A pilot plant of 0.3 cubic meter gas holding capacity is used as digester.
The document presents a study that compares biogas production from cow dung, food waste, and other organic wastes. A pilot plant with a 0.3 cubic meter gas holding capacity was used to digest samples of the different waste materials under the same operating conditions of 28-32 degrees Celsius. The study found that biogas was produced from all waste materials tested within 20 days, with an initial gas production of 0.3 cubic meters from 600 liters of cow dung slurry. Biogas production rates were observed and recorded over multiple trials for each waste material. The results provide insight into the relative potential of different organic waste streams for producing biogas via anaerobic digestion.
This document introduces a special issue of the journal focusing on waste biomass utilization for value-added green products. The special issue will contain articles on converting waste biomass into fuels like bioalcohols and biodiesel using various feedstocks and production methods. It will also include pieces on micro-algae and macro-algae based biofuels production and developing advanced and inexpensive catalysts for biofuels systems. Additional topics are cost-effective bioenergy technologies, optimizing biofuel production using waste resources, life cycle assessments of green products, and integrated waste-to-energy systems. The guest editors thank authors and reviewers for their contributions to preparing this special issue.
DESIGN & FABRICATION OF SHREDDING CUM BRIQUETTING MACHINE REPORT Eshver chandra
The demand for energy is becoming a critical challenge for the world as the population continues to grow. This call for Sustainable energy production and supply such as renewable energy technologies. Renewable energy technologies are safe sources of energy that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional energy technologies. So shredding machine is a key to make briquettes which will be used in industries as well as domestic purpose.
The document discusses alternative sources of green energy. It describes green energy as coming from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, biomass and small hydroelectric sources. It then examines various forms of green energy in more detail, including biofuels produced from biomass, as well as other common sources like solar, wind and hydroelectric power. The document outlines new developments in areas like microbial fuel cells that use microorganisms to generate bioelectricity, and the potential of macro algae as a renewable source. It concludes by emphasizing the need to explore more alternative energy resources to address climate change.
Biomass Energy:
Bioenergy Overview
Biomass Resources
Creating Energy from Biomass
Biomass Economics
Biomass Environmental Issues
Promise of Bioenergy
Ethanol Production
Biomass resources include any organic matter available on a renewable basis, including dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants, animal wastes, municipal wastes, and other waste materials. Material handling, collection logistics and infrastructure are important aspects of the biomass resource supply chain.
Resources
Herbaceous Energy CropsHerbaceous energy crops are perennials that are harvested annually after taking two to three years to reach full productivity. These include such grasses as switchgrass, miscanthus (also known as Elephant grass or e-grass), bamboo, sweet sorghum, tall fescue, kochia, wheatgrass, and others.
Woody Energy CropsShort-rotation woody crops are fast growing hardwood trees harvested within five to eight years after planting. These include hybrid poplar, hybrid willow, silver maple, eastern cottonwood, green ash, black walnut, sweetgum, and sycamore.
Industrial CropsIndustrial crops are being developed and grown to produce specific industrial chemicals or materials. Examples include kenaf and straws for fiber, and castor for ricinoleic acid. New transgenic crops are being developed that produce the desired chemicals as part of the plant composition, requiring only extraction and purification of the product.
Agricultural CropsThese feedstocks include the currently available commodity products such as cornstarch and corn oil; soybean oil and meal; wheat starch, other vegetable oils, and any newly developed component of future commodity crops. They generally yield sugars, oils, and extractives, although they can also be used to produce plastics and other chemicals and products.
Aquatic CropsA wide variety of aquatic biomass resources exist such as algae, giant kelp, other seaweed, and marine microflora. Commercial examples include giant kelp extracts for thickeners and food additives, algal dyes, and novel biocatalysts for use in bioprocessing under extreme environments.
Agriculture Crop ResiduesAgriculture crop residues include biomass, primarily stalks and leaves, not harvested or removed from the fields in commercial use. Examples include corn stover (stalks, leaves, husks and cobs), wheat straw, and rice straw. With approximately 80 million acres of corn planted annually, corn stover is expected to become a major biomass resource for bioenergy applications.
Forestry ResiduesForestry residues include biomass not harvested or removed from logging sites in commercial hardwood and softwood stands as well as material resulting from forest management operations such as pre-commercial thinnings and removal of dead and dying trees.
Municipal WasteResidential, commercial, and institutional post-consumer wastes contain a significant proportio
This paper is about the feasibility of the biogas plant from kitchen waste generated in KUET campus. There are 7 halls & 3 canteens in the campus. Every day approximately 1508.22 lbs. [field survey] kitchen wastes and 40000 gallons of water are produced in the campus. In this region (southern part) of the country there is no gas line due to excessive rivers. Wood is used as fuel in the dining hall & consequences are the greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation & global warming. Natural gas & firewood greatly cause greenhouse gas emissions. Besides these nonrenewable sources of energy are not sustainable means anymore. Biogas plant may an alternative source of energy on which people can depend on future. It will also reduce the waste in the campus. It can help fulfill the goal of zero waste in the campus, save the energy & reduce the global warming.
The document discusses environment-enhancing energy (E2-Energy) and third generation biofuels from converting biowaste and algae via hydrothermal processing. It proposes a system where biowaste is converted to biocrude oil, nutrients are recovered from the wastewater to feed algae growth which sequesters CO2, and the algae are recycled back into hydrothermal processing. Modeling suggests this process could meet 6.5 billion tons of US crude oil demand annually and improve wastewater treatment.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat PleinForth
Cat Plein, Development & Communications Director of Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
There are significant biological, chemical, and mechanical engineering challenges to the commercialization of algae energy. Some of the key challenges include strain selection, maximizing photosynthetic efficiency, increasing lipid production, devising efficient fermentation processes, reducing the costs of harvesting, drying, and extracting oil from algae, and scaling up cultivation, harvesting, and processing systems in a cost-effective manner. Overcoming these challenges will be necessary for algae energy to become economically viable.
IRJET- Energy Conservation and Generation through Biodegradable Solid Waste- ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on a compact biogas plant designed to treat organic solid waste. Key points:
- A biogas plant was installed using two connected water tanks to digest used tea powder from a canteen.
- The system effectively reduced waste volume and organic load while producing biogas.
- The digester performance and gas production were good, and operation/maintenance was easier than conventional plants.
- The system offers a decentralized organic waste treatment option that generates renewable energy and fertilizer.
Micro-Scale Biogas Production: A Beginner's GuideGardening
This document provides an introduction and overview of micro-scale biogas production through anaerobic digestion. It discusses how anaerobic digestion works, factors that influence the process like temperature and pH, appropriate feedstocks, and several common designs for simple household or farm-scale digesters. The designs described include a polyethylene tube trench digester and an in-ground dome design, both of which are low-cost options used in developing countries. The document aims to demonstrate how small-scale biogas production can provide renewable energy and fertilizer while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
IRJET- Green Energy Recovery for Sustainable DevelopmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses green energy recovery from waste for sustainable development. It describes how waste can be used to generate green energy through various thermo-chemical and bio-chemical conversion processes like combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and ethanol fermentation. These conversion processes transform biomass and organic waste into useful forms of energy like electricity, heat, biofuels and prevent waste from occupying landfills. The document also outlines different biomass resources that can be used, including agricultural/forest residues, energy crops, urban/municipal waste, and aquatic plants. Overall, green energy recovery from waste has benefits like reducing dependence on fossil fuels, producing renewable energy, and enabling more sustainable waste management.
Systematic analysis of algalbio-fuel production integrated with domestic wastewater treatment in Armenia. The presentation evaluates using algae to treat wastewater and produce biofuels. It discusses using algae cultivation technologies like open ponds and photobioreactors, and the processes of algae harvesting, oil extraction, and biodiesel production. Future work could involve using photo bioreactors for decentralized wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. In conclusion, algae is a potential solution that can make wastewater treatment cost-competitive while producing biofuels to reduce carbon emissions.
Biochar Summit Ormoc City, Leyte, Philippines (in November 2018)Christer Soderberg
This document provides information from a presentation on biochar and regenerative agriculture. It discusses biochar as a means of improving soil quality, increasing crop yields, and mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon. A field trial demonstrated increased yields with the addition of biochar to soil amendments. The presentation promotes biochar as a sustainable waste management practice and soil regeneration technique that can boost food security, water security, and climate security while providing economic opportunities.
IRJET- Enhancement of Biogas Production by Co-Digestion of Fruit and Vegetabl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on enhancing biogas production through co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste with cow dung. Four mixtures of fruit, vegetable, and cow waste were prepared in different ratios and subjected to anaerobic digestion. The biogas production from each mixture was measured and modeled using logistic and modified Gompertz kinetic models. The results showed that a ratio of 0.5 parts fruit waste, 1.5 parts vegetable waste, and 1 part cow waste produced the highest amount of biogas and fit best to the modified Gompertz model. Characterization of the waste mixtures found total solid and volatile solid contents ranged from 74-75% with C/N ratios between 5-9.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, which is a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste. The researchers in India created a small-scale biogas reactor using kitchen waste collected from their university's hostel mess halls. The reactor operated via anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, which is a renewable energy source. The biogas produced was found to contain 55-65% methane and could effectively be used as fuel after processing. Additionally, the leftover slurry provided valuable organic fertilizer for farming. The researchers concluded that kitchen waste is well-suited for small-scale biogas production and that such mini biogas plants can help reduce waste and emissions while generating renewable fuel at the community level.
1) The document describes a study on designing and fabricating a mini biogas plant using kitchen waste.
2) The goals of the study were to produce alternative energy from biogas in an effective and cost-efficient manner, while also generating high-quality fertilizer.
3) Kitchen waste was collected from hostel mess halls at a university to use as feedstock for a 20L laboratory-scale biogas reactor to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion.
IRJET- Design of Biogas Plant for Food Waste and Evaluation of Biogas Generat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that designed a biogas plant for food waste generated at a college in India and evaluated the efficiency of biogas production from various co-digester mixtures added to the food waste. The researchers conducted a survey that found the college generates an average of 100kg of food waste per day. They designed a fixed dome biogas plant based on this amount of waste with a gas production rate of 24 cubic meters per day. Experiments tested co-digesters of water hyacinth, algae, cow dung, and sugar cane added to food waste in a 1:1 ratio, finding water hyacinth improved overall biogas plant efficiency the most. The study concluded a biogas plant using a
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM COW DUNG, FOOD WASTE AND ORGANIC ...IAEME Publication
Anaerobic digestion is one of the ecofriendly methods to treat and dispose the biodegradable wastes and has more advantages when compared to any other waste treatment methods. Biogas production and composting of slurry from the biogas plant is one of the methods to reduce volume of waste (zero waste discharge) and maximum energy recovery from the organic wastes is possible.
In this study the production potential of biogas from bio degradable organic wastes such as food waste, cow dung and fresh organic wastes under the same operating condition of room temperature between 28ºC to 32ºCare compared. A pilot plant of 0.3 cubic meter gas holding capacity is used as digester.
The document presents a study that compares biogas production from cow dung, food waste, and other organic wastes. A pilot plant with a 0.3 cubic meter gas holding capacity was used to digest samples of the different waste materials under the same operating conditions of 28-32 degrees Celsius. The study found that biogas was produced from all waste materials tested within 20 days, with an initial gas production of 0.3 cubic meters from 600 liters of cow dung slurry. Biogas production rates were observed and recorded over multiple trials for each waste material. The results provide insight into the relative potential of different organic waste streams for producing biogas via anaerobic digestion.
This document introduces a special issue of the journal focusing on waste biomass utilization for value-added green products. The special issue will contain articles on converting waste biomass into fuels like bioalcohols and biodiesel using various feedstocks and production methods. It will also include pieces on micro-algae and macro-algae based biofuels production and developing advanced and inexpensive catalysts for biofuels systems. Additional topics are cost-effective bioenergy technologies, optimizing biofuel production using waste resources, life cycle assessments of green products, and integrated waste-to-energy systems. The guest editors thank authors and reviewers for their contributions to preparing this special issue.
DESIGN & FABRICATION OF SHREDDING CUM BRIQUETTING MACHINE REPORT Eshver chandra
The demand for energy is becoming a critical challenge for the world as the population continues to grow. This call for Sustainable energy production and supply such as renewable energy technologies. Renewable energy technologies are safe sources of energy that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional energy technologies. So shredding machine is a key to make briquettes which will be used in industries as well as domestic purpose.
The document discusses alternative sources of green energy. It describes green energy as coming from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, biomass and small hydroelectric sources. It then examines various forms of green energy in more detail, including biofuels produced from biomass, as well as other common sources like solar, wind and hydroelectric power. The document outlines new developments in areas like microbial fuel cells that use microorganisms to generate bioelectricity, and the potential of macro algae as a renewable source. It concludes by emphasizing the need to explore more alternative energy resources to address climate change.
Biomass Energy:
Bioenergy Overview
Biomass Resources
Creating Energy from Biomass
Biomass Economics
Biomass Environmental Issues
Promise of Bioenergy
Ethanol Production
Biomass resources include any organic matter available on a renewable basis, including dedicated energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants, animal wastes, municipal wastes, and other waste materials. Material handling, collection logistics and infrastructure are important aspects of the biomass resource supply chain.
Resources
Herbaceous Energy CropsHerbaceous energy crops are perennials that are harvested annually after taking two to three years to reach full productivity. These include such grasses as switchgrass, miscanthus (also known as Elephant grass or e-grass), bamboo, sweet sorghum, tall fescue, kochia, wheatgrass, and others.
Woody Energy CropsShort-rotation woody crops are fast growing hardwood trees harvested within five to eight years after planting. These include hybrid poplar, hybrid willow, silver maple, eastern cottonwood, green ash, black walnut, sweetgum, and sycamore.
Industrial CropsIndustrial crops are being developed and grown to produce specific industrial chemicals or materials. Examples include kenaf and straws for fiber, and castor for ricinoleic acid. New transgenic crops are being developed that produce the desired chemicals as part of the plant composition, requiring only extraction and purification of the product.
Agricultural CropsThese feedstocks include the currently available commodity products such as cornstarch and corn oil; soybean oil and meal; wheat starch, other vegetable oils, and any newly developed component of future commodity crops. They generally yield sugars, oils, and extractives, although they can also be used to produce plastics and other chemicals and products.
Aquatic CropsA wide variety of aquatic biomass resources exist such as algae, giant kelp, other seaweed, and marine microflora. Commercial examples include giant kelp extracts for thickeners and food additives, algal dyes, and novel biocatalysts for use in bioprocessing under extreme environments.
Agriculture Crop ResiduesAgriculture crop residues include biomass, primarily stalks and leaves, not harvested or removed from the fields in commercial use. Examples include corn stover (stalks, leaves, husks and cobs), wheat straw, and rice straw. With approximately 80 million acres of corn planted annually, corn stover is expected to become a major biomass resource for bioenergy applications.
Forestry ResiduesForestry residues include biomass not harvested or removed from logging sites in commercial hardwood and softwood stands as well as material resulting from forest management operations such as pre-commercial thinnings and removal of dead and dying trees.
Municipal WasteResidential, commercial, and institutional post-consumer wastes contain a significant proportio
This paper is about the feasibility of the biogas plant from kitchen waste generated in KUET campus. There are 7 halls & 3 canteens in the campus. Every day approximately 1508.22 lbs. [field survey] kitchen wastes and 40000 gallons of water are produced in the campus. In this region (southern part) of the country there is no gas line due to excessive rivers. Wood is used as fuel in the dining hall & consequences are the greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation & global warming. Natural gas & firewood greatly cause greenhouse gas emissions. Besides these nonrenewable sources of energy are not sustainable means anymore. Biogas plant may an alternative source of energy on which people can depend on future. It will also reduce the waste in the campus. It can help fulfill the goal of zero waste in the campus, save the energy & reduce the global warming.
The document discusses environment-enhancing energy (E2-Energy) and third generation biofuels from converting biowaste and algae via hydrothermal processing. It proposes a system where biowaste is converted to biocrude oil, nutrients are recovered from the wastewater to feed algae growth which sequesters CO2, and the algae are recycled back into hydrothermal processing. Modeling suggests this process could meet 6.5 billion tons of US crude oil demand annually and improve wastewater treatment.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat PleinForth
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EV Charging at MFH Properties by Whitaker JamiesonForth
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Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
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Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa WarheitForth
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program by Kevin MillerForth
Kevin Miller, Senior Advisor, Business Models of the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Dahua provides a comprehensive guide on how to install their security camera systems. Learn about the different types of cameras and system components, as well as the installation process.
Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grant: Round 2 by Brandt HertensteinForth
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Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grant: Round 2 by Brandt Hertenstein
REC2016+StraittPresentation.pdf
1. Arkansas State University – Jonesboro, AR
Renewable Energy Conference
October 14, 2016
MAREH / 361 Southwest Drive, #153, Jonesboro, AR 72401 / (870) 206-0160 / www.mareh.org
2. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
2
All of the vehicles you saw and many more are
powered with fuels that are being made from
Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) or Biogas, which
is produced from biomass from agriculture, leaf
clippings, garbage and food waste, solid
municipal waste, plastics, and even aluminum.
3. Waste to Energy
The Other Renewable Fuel, Methane. Preserving the environment with a safe and clean
fuel base that can meet the needs of an ecologically minded society.
Energy Efficiency Management For a Cleaner and Brighter World 3
Dr. Robert L. Straitt, CEM, CDSM
Chief Scientist, MAREH
Co-Authors/Researchers
Bio-Mass to Biogas
Renewable Energy Technologies
Jacob Holloway
New Mexico State University,
Cooperative Extension Services, Zuni Office
Nadine Straitt, CEA
Ex. Director, MAREH
4. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
4
What is Bio-Gas or Renewable Natural Gas (RNG)?
Bio-Gas or RNG, is Methane that is capture from the
anaerobic decay or gasification of biomass materials
and/or certain other materials like plastics, Black
Liqueur, and even aluminum scrap.
5. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
5
Methane is Commercially Available From Two Sources
Synthetic Methane
Conversion of Bio-Mass and other materials
into Renewable Natural Gas (methane)
through anaerobic digestion or gasification
Natural Methane
Capturing of naturally occurring sources of
Methane below the ground and on the surface.
6. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
6
Natural Methane is Renewable Energy
http://sanjeetbiotech.blogspot.in/2011/06/wetland-rice-cultivation-major-cause-of.html. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/vast-methane-plumes-seen-in-arctic-
ocean-as-sea-ice-retreats-6276278.html http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/10chile/background/methane/media/methane4.html
Methane can be naturally produced through
anaerobic decomposition of plant matter by
bacteria.
• Rice production is one of the top sources of
naturally occurring methane.
• Methane is produced in marshes and wetlands
where it is often called swamp gas.
• Methane is produced wherever any type of
biomass is subjected to anaerobic conditions
• Animal waste naturally produces methane
beginning in the animals digestive track
• Methane is produced in the oceans through
–Thermogenic process in the deep oceanic crust
–Biogenic methane is a waste product of
methanogenic archaea, a microorganism
7. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
7
Natural Methane is Renewable Energy
Methane can also be naturally
produced through a process
known of carbonate reduction.
• Abiogenic process well below the
biomass layers of the crust convert
Methane was formed from FeO,
CaCO3 -calcite, and water at
pressures between 5 and 11 GPa and
temperatures ranging from 500°C to
1,500°C.
• Carbonate reduction methane rises
though cracks and fissures in the
mantle until it reaches an
Impermeable rock formation referred
to as cap rock
GPa – Giga Pascal / 11 GPa = ~1,595,415 PSI
8. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
8
Synthetic Methane (Biogass) is Renewable Energy
biogas digester at New Hope Dairy in Galt, Calif http://cdrf.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/12/DairyCares-MOR-11-14.bmp
Synthetic Methane or Biogas is a form
of Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) is
man-made by converting waste
materials into methane and other
useful bi-products
• Agricultural plant waste products
• Animal and human digestive waste
• Municipal Solid waste such as paper,
wood, lawn residue and food waste
• Plastics, Black Liqueur, and other
industrial products
9. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
Two Main Methods of Generating Renewable Natural Gas
9
Gasification
https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Sustainability-
Recycling/Energy-Recovery/Gasification-of-Non-
Recycled-Plastics-from-Municipal-Solid-Waste-in-the-
United-States.pdf
Digestion
http://www.theecoambassador.com/images/Anaerobicsoluti
oncompressed.jpg
10. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
Methane Produced from Plastics is Renewable Energy
In addition to organic waste plastic, food and product wrappers,
shipping materials, Styrofoam, plasticulture, and many other plastic
products are disposed into landfills daily. These plastic items, many of
not recyclable by traditional means, can easily be converted into RNG
and then into other fuel types
10
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.nt
rs.nasa.gov/20110008529.pdf
Landfilled Plastics Could Power 5.2 Million U.S. Households
Scientists at Columbia University say that the energy potential in non-recycled plastic is at
least enough to fuel 6 million cars or power 5.2 million homes each year.
http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/ACC_Final_Report_August23_2011.pdf
11. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
11
Why Methane (RNG) Instead of Other Renewable Fuels?
• More BTUs per acre
• Independent of crop type
• Uses 100% of plant versus just the
seeds, kernels, or grains
• Cheaper to produce per BTU delivered
• Weather independent
• RNG/Biogas production can be
supplemented with any biomass based
materials or waste (wood, manure,
paper, leaf litter)
http://www.usda.gov/oce/reports/energy/2015EnergyBalanceCo
rnEthanol.pdf
Only 66% of corn
kernel is used to make
ethanol – Source
USDA
12. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
12
Methane is More Cost Effective to Produce
• Only 66% of corn kernel is used to
make ethanol
• 7,110 pounds of corn grains/kernel per
acre
• Processes into 328 gallons of ethanol
or 239 GGE.
• 140 gallons of fossil fuels and costs
$347 per acre
• the feedstock costs $1.05 per 76,100
BTUs (gallon) of ethanol (E-85)
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/crops/html/a1-70.html
• 100% of corn stove and grain is used to
make RNG/Biogas
• 50,000+ pounds of corn silage/biomass
per acre
• Processes into 1,589.16 Ccf of
RNG/Biogas or 1,286 GGE .
• 140 gallons of fossil fuels and costs
$347 per acre
• the feedstock costs $.17 per 76,100
BTUs (.667 gallon) of RNG /Biogas
http://utbfc.utk.edu/Content%20Folders/Forages/Hay%20and%20Sil
age/Publications/sp434d.pdf
Ethanol
328 gal @ 1.51 = $495/acre
http://www.neo.ne.gov/statshtml/66.html
RNG/Biogas
1,286 Ccf @ .5199 = $826/acre
https://www.theenergy.coop/RNG-price-check
13. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
13
Methane Feedstocks Require Less Weed Control
• Because all biomass harvested from the
fields can be converted into RNG/Biogas
less herbicide applications are need
• Herbicide costs per acre can range from
$20 to $65 dollars depending on weeds
to be controlled, with Palmer amaranth
or waterhemp being the most costly to
rescue.
http://www.agweb.com/mobile/article/weed-control-that-makes-cents-
naa-sonja-begemann/
Herbicide Costs Per Application
1000 acres @ $40/acre = $40,000
http://cropwatch.unl.edu/diflexx-herbicide
14. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
14
http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/fuel_comparison_chart.pdf
15. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
How RNG/Biogas can be used in your Community
15
Biogas to Electricity
• The most common use of biogas is
the local generation of electricity
• Biogas from the digester is piped a
short distance to a turbine or
reciprocating engine that then turns
an electrical generator
• Smaller biogas generation facilities
benefit from this less complex and
less costly model
• Heat from the plant is captured and
used for domestic water and facility
heating
16. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
How RNG/Biogas can be used in your Community
16
Compressed RNG/Biogas and
Propane
• The second most common use of
RNG/biogas is liquefied bio gas for cars,
trucks, and farm vehicles
• Some RNG/biogas is converted to propane
and bottle in high pressure tanks for use to
heat homes and make domestic hot water
• Whether used directly as liquefied biogas
or processed into more common
compressed propane RNG/biogas powers
our homes and our vehicles, cleaner ,
cheaper, and safer then any other form of
natural fuel or biofuel
17. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
How RNG/Biogas can be used in your Community
17
Gasoline from Biogas
CO + 2H2
↔ CH3
OH
(1)
CO + H2
O ↔ CO2
+ H2
(2)
2CH3
OH ↔ CH3
OCH3
+ H2
O
(3)
n CH3
OH ↔ n (CH2
) + n H2
O
(4)
n CH3
OCH3 ↔ n 2(CH2
) + n H2
O
(5)
How Wood and Paper can cleanly
power our cars and trucks!
• Gasoline that is virtually sulfur free can be
economically synthesized from RNG/biogas
(bio-methane)
• Because RNG/biogas is compatible with
natural methane, synthesis of gasoline can
be supplemented from commercial pipeline
sources of methane
• Synthesized gasoline burns cleaner and
more efficiently to power vehicles with less
environmental impacts
• Cost to synthesize one gallon of gasoline -
about $0.53 per gallon
18. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
How RNG/Biogas can be used in your Community
18
Wood and Paper powers tractors to
produce food and fuel…
• Diesel fuel is essential to power our
modern agricultural production process
• Inefficient biomass to directly to fuel
process are environmentally insensitive
and economically questionable
• Biogas a form of methane can be
cleanly and economically converted to
clean affordable burning diesel fuels
with virtually now Sulphur or other
dangerous pollutants
• Left over solids are field ready compost
and tail water is ready for irrigation
purposes
19. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
Capital Costs of an RNG/Biogas Plant
19
526 kW Biodigester and Generator
Civil Works $0.00 $0.00
Preparation of Site on site on site
Fence and Gate on site
Street Works on site
Civil Works in general on site
Reception Tank for Liquid Input $105,082.60 $110,826.00
Concrete Tank, diameter 17.00 m, height cyl. 6.00 m, volume 1,360 m³ $55,895.00
2 mixers, submerged, 11 kWe each $22,358.00
Cage Ladder with Platform $4,471.60
Cover (simple roof) $16,768.50
Flanges $5,589.50
$0.00
Pasteurisation Unit $0.00
no Pasteurisation included $0.00
Digester $632,731.40 $667,314.00
Foundation, concrete, diameter 18.00 m $31,301.20
Leakage Control for Foundation $3,353.70
Steel Tank, glass coated, diameter 17,50 m, height cyl. 17,50 m, volume
4,210 m³
$503,055.00
Leak-/Over-/Underpressuretest $0.00
1 mixer, top mounted, 15 kW $78,253.00
Insulation included
Cage Ladder, Platform, Viewing Glass included
Over-/Under pressure Valve and Safety Equipment included
Freight, Assembly, Documentation included
Flanges $16,768.50
Secondary Digester $201,222.00 $212,220.00
Concrete Tank, diameter 20.00 m, height cyl. 6.00 m, volume 1,885 m³ $72,663.50
Leakage Control for Foundation $4,471.60
2 mixers, side-mounted, 11 kWe each $39,126.50
Flanges $5,589.50
$0.00
Pasteurisation Unit $0.00
no Pasteurisation included $0.00
Digester $632,731.40 $667,314.00
Foundation, concrete, diameter 18.00 m $31,301.20
Leakage Control for Foundation $3,353.70
Steel Tank, glass coated, diameter 17,50 m, height cyl. 17,50 m, volume
4,210 m³
$503,055.00
Leak-/Over-/Underpressuretest $0.00
1 mixer, top mounted, 15 kW $78,253.00
Insulation included
Cage Ladder, Platform, Viewing Glass included
Over-/Under pressure Valve and Safety Equipment included
Freight, Assembly, Documentation included
Flanges $16,768.50
Secondary Digester $201,222.00 $212,220.00
Concrete Tank, diameter 20.00 m, height cyl. 6.00 m, volume 1,885 m³ $72,663.50
Leakage Control for Foundation $4,471.60
2 mixers, side-mounted, 11 kWe each $39,126.50
Double Membrane Gas Holder Roof, volume about 640 m³ $36,890.70
Insulation $31,301.20
Cage Ladder, Platform, Viewing Glass $6,707.40
Over-/Underpressure Valve $3,353.70
Flanges $6,707.40
$0.00
Storage Tank $0.00
according to local regulations, may be lagoon $0.00
Gas System $184,453.50 $194,535.00
Emergency Flare, 250 m³/h $27,947.50
Gas Blower $11,179.00
Gas Cooler $55,895.00
Gas desulphurisation $89,432.00
Gas Engine $402,444.00 $424,440.00
Gas Engine, Jenbacher, 526 kW el. Power $391,265.00
completely equipped to be installed in a building included
incl. heat distribution, safety devices, control cabinet included
Heat for start-up operation $11,179.00
Building $72,663.50 $76,635.00
Pumping Room between digesters and secondary digester $33,537.00
1 Building for electrical devices $11,179.00
Building for Gas Engines $27,947.50
Reception Hall $0.00
Biofilter $0.00
Toilet, shower, office $0.00
Office Building $0.00
Equipment $159,300.75 $168,007.50
20. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
Capital Costs of an RNG/Biogas Plant (Cont.)
20
Over-/Underpressure Valve $3,353.70
Flanges $6,707.40
$0.00
Storage Tank $0.00
according to local regulations, may be lagoon $0.00
Gas System $184,453.50 $194,535.00
Emergency Flare, 250 m³/h $27,947.50
Gas Blower $11,179.00
Gas Cooler $55,895.00
Gas desulphurisation $89,432.00
Gas Engine $402,444.00 $424,440.00
Gas Engine, Jenbacher, 526 kW el. Power $391,265.00
completely equipped to be installed in a building included
incl. heat distribution, safety devices, control cabinet included
Heat for start-up operation $11,179.00
Building $72,663.50 $76,635.00
Pumping Room between digesters and secondary digester $33,537.00
1 Building for electrical devices $11,179.00
Building for Gas Engines $27,947.50
Reception Hall $0.00
Biofilter $0.00
Toilet, shower, office $0.00
Office Building $0.00
Equipment $159,300.75 $168,007.50
Pumps $25,152.75
Grinder $0.00
Heat Exchanger $67,074.00
Pipes $67,074.00
Weigh Bridge $0.00
Gas-, Electric-, Heating System Installations $122,969.00 $129,690.00
Electrical Equipment $89,432.00
Process Control Equipment $22,358.00
Measurement Devices $11,179.00
Lightning Protection Included
Transformer on site
Connection to Transformer on site
Engineering $335,370.00 $353,700.00
Subtotal, net, without VAT $2,337,367.50
Onsite Preparation activities $200,000.00 $200,000.00
Estimated Total for a 525kW ssystem $2,537,367.50
A complete 526kW biomass to
electric plant installed for about
$3,000,000
4,607,760 kWh /year @ $0.1246
$574,126 per year revenue
Simple pay back period ~8.5 years
https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:Cost_Assessment_of_Biogas_Plant_
Components_Tupandi.pdf
21. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
Summary and Conclusion
21
Problem:
• Focus of Bio-Energy research and development is lagging significantly behind the
state of the technology.
• Many classes of bio-fuels have reached a natural state of obsolescence and are no
longer financially or environmentally viable.
Solution:
• State of the art digestion and gasification technologies and other energy
reclamation technologies are available and affordable today.
• Reclaimed energy from a variety of waste products can pay for treatment facilities in
a few years and provide significant positive cash flows over the life of the system.
Conclusion:
• Replacing even newly constructed obsolete-technology-systems now, with positive
cash flows to the community, can be significantly cheaper then the continued
operation of current systems.
22. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
How MAREH Can Help
22
MAREH / 361 Southwest Drive, #153, Jonesboro, AR 72401 / (870) 206-0160 / www.mareh.org
Requirements/Conception:
• MAREH can identify and codify your requirements into a set of proposal-ready
specifications and produce an effective Statement-of-Work (SOW)
Project Oversight:
• MAREH can serve as the “Clerk of the Works” we represent your community’s interests in
monitoring the various contractors involved in making your RNG/Biogas system a reality
Verification and Commissioning:
• MAREH can serve as your verification and commissioning agent to ensure you get what
you paid for in your Biogas Plant and that it works as designed.
Lower Costs:
• As a non-profit MAREH is a cost affordable alternative to high priced commercial
engineering and management firms.
23. Mission for Applications of
Renewable Energy for Humanity
Methane the Other Renewable Fuel
The End
23
Contact Information
Dr. Robert L. Straitt
dr.bob@mareh.org
870-206-0160
MAREH / 361 Southwest Drive, #153, Jonesboro, AR 72401 / (870) 206-0160 / www.mareh.org