order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
In this PPT slides you will come to know about the different kinds of pest which is infesting in WHEAT plant. And also you will come to know about their management practices and also you will have an knowledge about some common chemicals which is being uses to eradicate the pests/diseases infesting in wheat plant.
Parasitoid wasps of genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) includes several species that are frequently used as biological control agents worldwide.
Trichogramma spp. are egg parasitoids which lay their eggs inside the eggs of insect pests.
Host of this parasitoid are the eggs of Sugarcane borers, Cut worms (Agrotis spp.), Cotton bollworms and Maize stem borer(Chilo pertellus).
Elucidation of cow tick Rhipicephalus microplus (formerly Boophilus microplus...Innspub Net
Ticks comprise one of the most significant groups of arthropods in terms of effects on animal health. They incapacitate the host by feeding on it. The cattle tick, economically impact cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, is a cautiously serious external parasite affecting, primarily, cattle. These ticks are adapted to the advantages of specialising to feed on cattle and with all the feeding stages occurring on one individual host in a rapid sequence of reproduction. Cattle tick’s reproduction and life cycle occurs on body of only one host. This stage takes approximately 21 days, during which the tick changes from a minute larva to a nymph and finally an adult. With the use of a thin-tipped tweezers or forceps with a steady even pressure, ticks were removed straight upward from different body parts of cattle. Ticks were identified to the species level based on their morphologic features under a dissecting microscope and their genus and species were identified under the stereo microscope in the laboratory. Several parameters were taken as to with its life cycle. As observed, the period of tick’s life cycle varies due to some factors. This study aims to elucidate the reproduction process and life cycle of cattle ticks to serve as a guide in controlling and managing these parasitic creatures. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Ecobiology of the Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: ...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
In the environs of Lankamalai region (14°45' - 14°72' N and 79°07' - 78°80' E), the common pierrot
Castalius rosimon (Fabricius) lays eggs singly on Zizyphus jujuba. The butterfly available thought the year
with high frequency during September to November (post monsoon season). Enumeration of eggs, larvae and
pupae on the host plants in the field and flight observation of adults on wings attest this seasonality. The life
cycle from egg to adult emergence was relatively short spanning over 21-25 days. Success development of
adults, larvae and pupae was 90-100 % during the said period. Short life cycle and high success development
of life stages suggest the production of 12-13 broods in the year. The larvae pass through four instars and the
nutritional indices across the instars mostly the ground flora with sugar concentrations ranging between
28-52% either with sucrose of glucose dominance. Nutritional indices Consumption index (CI) and Growth rate
(GR) increase as the larvae aged, while approximate digestibility (AD) decreases, efficiency of conversion of
digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) are inversely related as age increased.
In this PPT slides you will come to know about the different kinds of pest which is infesting in WHEAT plant. And also you will come to know about their management practices and also you will have an knowledge about some common chemicals which is being uses to eradicate the pests/diseases infesting in wheat plant.
Parasitoid wasps of genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) includes several species that are frequently used as biological control agents worldwide.
Trichogramma spp. are egg parasitoids which lay their eggs inside the eggs of insect pests.
Host of this parasitoid are the eggs of Sugarcane borers, Cut worms (Agrotis spp.), Cotton bollworms and Maize stem borer(Chilo pertellus).
Elucidation of cow tick Rhipicephalus microplus (formerly Boophilus microplus...Innspub Net
Ticks comprise one of the most significant groups of arthropods in terms of effects on animal health. They incapacitate the host by feeding on it. The cattle tick, economically impact cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, is a cautiously serious external parasite affecting, primarily, cattle. These ticks are adapted to the advantages of specialising to feed on cattle and with all the feeding stages occurring on one individual host in a rapid sequence of reproduction. Cattle tick’s reproduction and life cycle occurs on body of only one host. This stage takes approximately 21 days, during which the tick changes from a minute larva to a nymph and finally an adult. With the use of a thin-tipped tweezers or forceps with a steady even pressure, ticks were removed straight upward from different body parts of cattle. Ticks were identified to the species level based on their morphologic features under a dissecting microscope and their genus and species were identified under the stereo microscope in the laboratory. Several parameters were taken as to with its life cycle. As observed, the period of tick’s life cycle varies due to some factors. This study aims to elucidate the reproduction process and life cycle of cattle ticks to serve as a guide in controlling and managing these parasitic creatures. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Ecobiology of the Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: ...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
In the environs of Lankamalai region (14°45' - 14°72' N and 79°07' - 78°80' E), the common pierrot
Castalius rosimon (Fabricius) lays eggs singly on Zizyphus jujuba. The butterfly available thought the year
with high frequency during September to November (post monsoon season). Enumeration of eggs, larvae and
pupae on the host plants in the field and flight observation of adults on wings attest this seasonality. The life
cycle from egg to adult emergence was relatively short spanning over 21-25 days. Success development of
adults, larvae and pupae was 90-100 % during the said period. Short life cycle and high success development
of life stages suggest the production of 12-13 broods in the year. The larvae pass through four instars and the
nutritional indices across the instars mostly the ground flora with sugar concentrations ranging between
28-52% either with sucrose of glucose dominance. Nutritional indices Consumption index (CI) and Growth rate
(GR) increase as the larvae aged, while approximate digestibility (AD) decreases, efficiency of conversion of
digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) are inversely related as age increased.
Ecobiology of the Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: ...Dr Palem Harinath Reddy
In the environs of Lankamalai region (14°45' - 14°72' N and 79°07' - 78°80' E), the common pierrot
Castalius rosimon (Fabricius) lays eggs singly on Zizyphus jujuba. The butterfly available thought the year
with high frequency during September to November (post monsoon season). Enumeration of eggs, larvae and
pupae on the host plants in the field and flight observation of adults on wings attest this seasonality. The life
cycle from egg to adult emergence was relatively short spanning over 21-25 days. Success development of
adults, larvae and pupae was 90-100 % during the said period. Short life cycle and high success development
of life stages suggest the production of 12-13 broods in the year. The larvae pass through four instars and the
nutritional indices across the instars mostly the ground flora with sugar concentrations ranging between
28-52% either with sucrose of glucose dominance. Nutritional indices Consumption index (CI) and Growth rate
(GR) increase as the larvae aged, while approximate digestibility (AD) decreases, efficiency of conversion of
digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) are inversely related as age increased.
Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus...ijtsrd
Attempts were made to develop a technique to rear the phyllosoma larvae of Panulirus homarus. The biological characters like fecundity, hatching percentage, larval morphological changes, feed inputs and moulting frequency till the fourth moult were studied. Morphometric and meristic characters of the larvae were also studied till the 42ndday. The larval output was directly proportional to the size of the gravid brood stock. Relationship between the duration of culture X and length of the larvae Y were shown by the relationships Y intercept = 0.5780 ± 0.1074 and X intercept = 0.7283 r2 = 0.8519 . There was significant p 0.0001 positive relationship between total length TL and carapace width CW of phyllosoma larvae. S. Lazarus | J. C. Nisha | R. Thangaraja "Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus Linnaeus, 1758" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31676.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/molecular-biology/31676/studies-on-the-phyllosoma-larva-of-the-indian-rock-lobster-panulirus-homarus-linnaeus-1758/s-lazarus
Life history of the Hog Plum Beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus,...Open Access Research Paper
Hog plum beetle (Podontia quatuordecimpunctata) is a serious pest of hog plum tree and both their adults and larvae defoliate the hog plum tree. However, its developmental information and proper identification as well as precise photographs of each developmental stages have not been well studied and recorded. Thus, the goal of this research was to establish the developmental characteristics of P. quatuordecimpunctata. Life history was conducted in laboratory conditions at an average temperature 28 °C ± 1.2 an average 65 ± 5% relative humidity (RH), and a light: dark ratio (12L : 12D). The female beetles were laid clusters of eggs in numerous layers, with 9 to 53 eggs in each cluster. The durations of each developmental stage were 6.16±0.93, 3.16±0.24, 3.29±0.25, 3.21±0.33, 4.54±0.33, 5.54±0.49, and 20.92±2.7 days for the incubation, 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar, pre pupa, and pupa, respectively. The longevity of male and female adult beetles was found to be 42.33±6.6 days and 50.66±9.8 days, respectively. Results revealed that this study will be a valuable source of biological information for a better understanding and management of this pest species. Check out more by following link https://innspub.net/life-history-of-the-hog-plum-beetle-podontia-quatuordecimpunctata-linnaeus-1767-coleoptera-chrysomelidae-with-photographs-of-each-developmental-stage/
Evaluation of some reproduction performances of the exotic Hyplus rabbit (Ory...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of the study was to evaluate the reproductive performance and estimate the genetic parameters, in a real environment, of the rabbit of the exotic Hyplus breed. The study will allow appreciating the parameters that could be the object of genetic improvement in view of a selection to produce a more efficient rabbit. The work took place at the SAP Mé d’Adzopé farm from January 2013 to June 2015. One hundred and twenty breeding does were followed for five successive generations of five parities each, with an interval of 11 days between the parturition and the next mating with weaning at 30 days. These females produced 5283 total born rabbits with 5164 born alive and 4732 weaned. The genetic parameters including heritability, genetic, phenotypic and non-genetic correlations (environmental effects) did analyzed using the Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood program. The results obtained showed that the receptivity and fertility rates did significantly influenced by the order of parity and the season of kindling. The pre-weaning mortality rate was 8.37%. Females had the best prolificacies’ between the second and fourth parity, with an average of 9.9, 10.19 and 9.79 kits respectively. The heritability values of young rabbits total born alive, born alive, weaned and old rabbits were 0.22; 0.20; 0.16 and 0.12 respectively. These results showed that selection is possible for these studied traits.
Role of Carrion Breeding Dipterid Flies in the Disintegration of Chicken Carc...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Evaluation of the Productive and Reproductive Performance of Pigeon in Select...semualkaira
The experiment was conducted to determine the productive and reproductive performance of pigeon which are available in the northern Bangladesh. During this study 45 farms were selected which have >20 pair of pigeon for commercial and >10 pair pigeon for traditional farm in the three-study area namely Rajshahi, Natore and Pabna district of Bangladesh. The data were collected from different farm within the study area through a questionnaire and interview schedule with the farm owner?s Reproductive performance determined by the observation of age of sexual maturity, age of first laying, incubation period, hatchability (%), no. of clutch, interclutch period and fledgling period.
Evaluation of the Productive and Reproductive Performance of Pigeon in Select...semualkaira
The experiment was conducted to determine the productive and reproductive performance of pigeon which are available in the northern Bangladesh. During this study 45 farms were selected which have >20 pair of pigeon for commercial and >10 pair pigeon for traditional farm in the three-study area namely Rajshahi, Natore and Pabna district of Bangladesh. The data were collected from different farm within the study area through a questionnaire and interview schedule with the farm owner?s Reproductive performance determined by the observation of age of sexual maturity, age of first laying, incubation period, hatchability (%), no. of clutch, interclutch period and fledgling period.
Evaluation of the Productive and Reproductive Performance of Pigeon in Select...semualkaira
The experiment was conducted to determine the productive and reproductive performance of pigeon which are available in the northern Bangladesh. During this study 45 farms were selected which have >20 pair of pigeon for commercial and >10 pair pigeon for traditional farm in the three-study area namely Rajshahi, Natore and Pabna district of Bangladesh. The data were collected from different farm within the study area through a questionnaire and interview schedule with the farm owner?s Reproductive performance determined by the observation of age of sexual maturity, age of first laying, incubation period, hatchability (%), no. of clutch, interclutch period and fledgling period.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on July 27, 2016 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Mortality of Fayoumi and Sonali Chicks in Scavenging Rearing Systempaperpublications3
Abstract: Fayoumi and Sonali breeds are commonly reared under scavenging system in Bangladesh. Chick mortality has the very important impact on economy of farmers. The aim of the present study was to determine the mortality rate and the causes of mortality of Fayoumi and Sonali chicks. One observational cross-sectional study was done on the Fayoumi and Sonali chicks at Chittagong and Noakhali district from October 2005 to July 2006. A total of 48 farmers (24 from each Upazila) were selected randomly, who rear chicks under scavenging condition and as well as had broody hens. Twelve eggs of each breed were supplied to each farmer. The chicks were hatched out by the broody hens. Then the chicks were reared under scavenging system. The mortality detected for Fayoumi was 57.3%, which was less than that of the Sonali (68.8%) but did not vary significantly (χ2 = 1.21, df = 1, p > 0.05). The mortality of Fayoumi chicks at Noakhali site was little higher (59.1%) than that of Chittagong (55.4%), but it did not vary significantly (χ2 = 0.28, df = 1, p > 0.05). The mortality of Sonali chicks also did not differ significantly (χ2 = 0.16, df = 1, p > 0.05). The mortality was more by diseases than predators. The common predators were crow, wildcat, domestic cat, mongoose and rat in both study sites. The crow predated (Fayumi; 63.64% and Sonali; 70.83%) more baby chicks than others predators. The highest proportional mortality was caused by Mycoplasmosis + Colibacillosis (36.05 % and 36.94 %) in case of Fayoumi and Sonali followed by the second highest attributed to Mycoplasmosis (26.74%) and (22.52%) respectively. Fayoumi chicks were lower mortality than Sonali under scavenging rearing condition.
Similar to Rearing of 7 Spotted Ladybird beetle (Coccinella.pdf (20)
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
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https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
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This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
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Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
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The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
Rearing of 7 Spotted Ladybird beetle (Coccinella.pdf
1. Rearing of 7 Spotted Ladybird beetle
(Coccinella septempunctata) feeding on
bean aphid
Researcher:
Avin Kharel
Kharel Avin (IAAS)
2. INTRODUCTION
• "Ladybird" named has been assigned for the European beetle Coccinella septempunctata L.
for more than 600 years and extended all its relatives as the member of beetle family
Coccinellidae (Frank & Mizell, 2008).
• Coccinella septempunctata is the most common among all the species of ladybird beetle
found all over the world.
• They play a significant role in the biological control of the aphids.
• They are the voracious aphid feeder an average of about 30 to 77 per day (Sigdel et
al.,2016).
• According to University Extension Service, a single ladybird can prey up to 5000 aphids in its
lifecycle.
• They are predators in both adult and larval stages, with a voracious appetite and predatory
abilities (Oliveira et al., 2004; Olkowski & Thiers, 1990; Vandenberg, 2002).
4. LIFE HISTORY
• Ladybird beetles develop through 4 life stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult.
• Adult female lays about 200-300 eggs during her growing lifespan of about 2
months.
• Larva develops through four increasingly larger instars after hatching.
• They can have up to 5 generations per year.
• Egg to adult development time is about 6 weeks during the growing season.
• According to University Extension Service, a single ladybird can prey up to 5000
aphids in its lifecycle.
12. methodology
• Adult 7-spotted ladybirds were collected from IAAS farm (Lamjung Campus).
• Male and female were identified and paired in petri plate for mating.
• Eggs were collected from them and 10 eggs were used for the study of lifecycle and
predatory potential.
• After hatching, 10 larvae were placed in ten petri plate for replication and lifecycle was
studied.
• Bean aphids were also provided in all four instars and adult period. Aphids were provided
by counting the number.
• Life history parameters of were studied in bio control lab maintaining the temperature
25°C and 50-70% RH.
14. observation
S.N Stage Date Duration
1 Eggs 22th Jestha, 2079 3 days
2 Larvae 25th Jestha, 2079 7 days
3 Pupae 1st Asar, 2079 3 days
4 Adult 4th Asar, 2079
15. result
• Rearing of 7-Spotted Ladybird beetle was successfully carried out in bio control lab
of IAAS, Lamjung Campus.
• The total study period was 2 weeks from 22th Jestha 2079 to 4th Asar 2079.
• The predatory potential of different larval instars and adult was studied in which
the 4th instar larva is voracious aphid feeder.
16. discussion
J.S.Rana* and Jogesh Kakker Department of Entomology CCS Haryana Agricultural
University Hisar-125004, Haryana, India
• The incubation period was recorded to be 4.2 days with a range of 3.5-4.5 days. The
predator passed through four larval instars completing the average duration in 2.27,
1.81, 2.25, and 3.06 days, respectively. The total larval period was observed to be 9.39
days with a range of 8.2- 10.5 days. The pupal period lasted for 4.7 days with a range
4.0-4.9 days. (*Temperature: 20-23 °C , Aphid Species: Cereal Aphid, Sitobion avenae)
Avin Kharel Department of Entomology, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, IAAS
(TU) Nepal
• The observed incubation period was about 3 days. The total larval period was about 7
days and pupal duration was about 4 days. The difference in the life history might be
due to the difference in temperature as we observed the lifecycle at 28°C. Also the prey
of ladybird i.e. species of aphid which the ladybird feed made the differences in the
duration of lifecycle. (*Temperature: 28°C , Aphid species: Bean Aphid, Apis fabae)