Este poema pertenece a la etapa surrealista de Vicente Aleixandre, poeta de la Generación del 27. Describe la relación amorosa entre dos amantes a través de ocho estrofas de versos de diferentes sílabas sin rima. El poema utiliza recursos estilísticos como la anáfora, metáfora, reiteración e interrogación retórica para expresar la pasión entre los amantes más allá de las limitaciones humanas.
The poem describes Keats' experience discovering the works of Homer through Chapman's translation. It compares the feeling to an astronomer discovering a new planet or Cortez staring at the vast Pacific Ocean. Reading Chapman allowed Keats to fully understand and appreciate the "pure serene" of Homer's epics for the first time. The translation revealed a new world and dimension of understanding that filled Keats with a sense of discovery and awe.
Christina Rossetti was a 19th century English poet born in London in 1830. She came from a family of writers and artists and was educated privately. Rossetti began writing poetry in 1842 and experimented with different forms like sonnets and ballads. Her most famous work is Goblin Market and Other Poems, published in 1862, which was illustrated by her brother Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The poem uses vivid imagery to tell a story and remains one of her most popular works.
The document provides a biography of Emily Dickinson and analyzes her poem "I Cannot Live With You" using imagery theory. It summarizes the poem, which explores the impossibility of the speaker living with her lover in life, death, resurrection, or judgment. Through metaphors of being locked away and separated by oceans, the poem expresses how the only option is to live apart with just a partially open door between them, sustained only by despair. The document analyzes Dickinson's use of imagery in the poem to convey these meanings and emotions.
La novela "El túnel" de Ernesto Sábato explora temas como la soledad, la obsesión y el existencialismo a través de la historia de Juan Pablo Castel, un hombre solitario que asesina a su amante María Iribarne debido a sus celos y sospechas de infidelidad. Castel se siente incomprendido y aislado de la sociedad, y aunque encuentra conexión con María, sus inseguridades lo llevan a interrogarla constantemente y finalmente cometer el asesinato.
Este documento presenta tres áreas de exploración para el estudio de la literatura: 1) Lectores, escritores y textos, la cual examina cómo se crea el significado en los textos literarios y cómo los lectores participan en su interpretación; 2) Tiempo y espacio, que explora cómo los contextos culturales y temporales influyen en la producción y recepción de los textos; y 3) Intertextualidad, que se centra en las conexiones entre diferentes textos, tradiciones e ideas literarias.
La prosa romántica se divide en dos vertientes: la novela histórica, que trata asuntos históricos y legendarios ambientados en la Edad Media, y el cuadro de costumbres, que refleja de forma crítica las costumbres tradicionales de España a través de la sátira y la caricatura. El teatro romántico se caracteriza por romper con las reglas neoclásicas y tratar temas históricos y legendarios con personajes amorales y destinos trágicos en escenarios exóticos e inhóspitos. Aut
Victor Frankenstein is the main character of Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. He is an ambitious and intelligent scientist who becomes obsessed with reanimating the dead. He creates life from collected corpse parts but is horrified by his finished creation, which looks like a monster. The monster desires love and acceptance but receives only rejection, which causes him to seek revenge against Victor and his family. In the end, both Victor and the monster meet tragic fates due to Victor's actions in creating the monster.
Este poema pertenece a la etapa surrealista de Vicente Aleixandre, poeta de la Generación del 27. Describe la relación amorosa entre dos amantes a través de ocho estrofas de versos de diferentes sílabas sin rima. El poema utiliza recursos estilísticos como la anáfora, metáfora, reiteración e interrogación retórica para expresar la pasión entre los amantes más allá de las limitaciones humanas.
The poem describes Keats' experience discovering the works of Homer through Chapman's translation. It compares the feeling to an astronomer discovering a new planet or Cortez staring at the vast Pacific Ocean. Reading Chapman allowed Keats to fully understand and appreciate the "pure serene" of Homer's epics for the first time. The translation revealed a new world and dimension of understanding that filled Keats with a sense of discovery and awe.
Christina Rossetti was a 19th century English poet born in London in 1830. She came from a family of writers and artists and was educated privately. Rossetti began writing poetry in 1842 and experimented with different forms like sonnets and ballads. Her most famous work is Goblin Market and Other Poems, published in 1862, which was illustrated by her brother Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The poem uses vivid imagery to tell a story and remains one of her most popular works.
The document provides a biography of Emily Dickinson and analyzes her poem "I Cannot Live With You" using imagery theory. It summarizes the poem, which explores the impossibility of the speaker living with her lover in life, death, resurrection, or judgment. Through metaphors of being locked away and separated by oceans, the poem expresses how the only option is to live apart with just a partially open door between them, sustained only by despair. The document analyzes Dickinson's use of imagery in the poem to convey these meanings and emotions.
La novela "El túnel" de Ernesto Sábato explora temas como la soledad, la obsesión y el existencialismo a través de la historia de Juan Pablo Castel, un hombre solitario que asesina a su amante María Iribarne debido a sus celos y sospechas de infidelidad. Castel se siente incomprendido y aislado de la sociedad, y aunque encuentra conexión con María, sus inseguridades lo llevan a interrogarla constantemente y finalmente cometer el asesinato.
Este documento presenta tres áreas de exploración para el estudio de la literatura: 1) Lectores, escritores y textos, la cual examina cómo se crea el significado en los textos literarios y cómo los lectores participan en su interpretación; 2) Tiempo y espacio, que explora cómo los contextos culturales y temporales influyen en la producción y recepción de los textos; y 3) Intertextualidad, que se centra en las conexiones entre diferentes textos, tradiciones e ideas literarias.
La prosa romántica se divide en dos vertientes: la novela histórica, que trata asuntos históricos y legendarios ambientados en la Edad Media, y el cuadro de costumbres, que refleja de forma crítica las costumbres tradicionales de España a través de la sátira y la caricatura. El teatro romántico se caracteriza por romper con las reglas neoclásicas y tratar temas históricos y legendarios con personajes amorales y destinos trágicos en escenarios exóticos e inhóspitos. Aut
Victor Frankenstein is the main character of Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. He is an ambitious and intelligent scientist who becomes obsessed with reanimating the dead. He creates life from collected corpse parts but is horrified by his finished creation, which looks like a monster. The monster desires love and acceptance but receives only rejection, which causes him to seek revenge against Victor and his family. In the end, both Victor and the monster meet tragic fates due to Victor's actions in creating the monster.
Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1792 in England to a noble family. He had a difficult time in school where he was bullied. At the University of Oxford he published an atheist pamphlet that led to his expulsion. He eloped twice, first with a 16-year old schoolgirl and then with Mary Godwin. Shelley found comfort in Italy among friends like Lord Byron and it was there that he wrote much of his best poetry. He drowned at age 30 when sailing in Italy and his body was cremated on the shore.
El documento describe el origen y características del realismo literario en el siglo XIX. Surgió como reacción al romanticismo para reflejar de manera objetiva la realidad social de la época, utilizando un estilo sencillo y descriptivo. La novela se convirtió en el género principal, con autores como Dickens, Balzac y Maupassant retratando problemas sociales de la clase media y obrera. Más tarde derivó en corrientes como el naturalismo.
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd is a pastoral elegy poem by Walt Whitman mourning the death of Abraham Lincoln. It uses nature imagery and symbols of a funeral procession to meditate on death and acceptance. The poem follows three simultaneous narratives - Lincoln's coffin journey, the poet's thoughts on death and mourning, and nature as separate yet sympathetic to humanity. The language shifts from formal rhetoric at the beginning to a more informal tone by the end.
Este documento resume la vida y obra de la escritora chilena Gabriela Mistral. Nació en 1889 en Vicuña, Chile. Tuvo una infancia difícil tras el abandono de su padre. Estudió de forma autodidacta y comenzó a publicar poemas en 1904 usando seudónimos. En 1914 ganó gran reconocimiento por sus "Sonetos de la Muerte". Usó el seudónimo Gabriela Mistral y trabajó como maestra. En 1945 ganó el Premio Nobel de Literatura. Mistral falleció en 1957 en Nue
This document provides context about Virginia Woolf's novel Orlando: A Biography. It discusses Woolf's life and background, including her mental health struggles. It then summarizes some key elements of the novel: the time period it spans, from the 16th to 20th century; its climax when Orlando wakes up in the present moment; and its themes of writing, literature, gender/society, and identity/transformation. The document also analyzes some of Woolf's narrative techniques, like stream of consciousness writing, and symbols in the novel like clothing, an oak tree, and feathers. Finally, it provides characteristics of a biography and cites Woolf's novel as the source text.
Girish Karnad Yayati and how it’s portray the cultural values of people, condition of caste system and woman in our society. Karnad was keen observer of Indian Society and he is successful to provide a realistic picture of corrupted souls of Indian Society.
The Character Bosola in the play The Duchess of Malfi Monir Hossen
Daniel de Bosola is a complex, supporting character in John Webster's play The Duchess of Malfi. Though he acts as a villain who betrays the Duchess and kills others, he is essentially an intelligent, good man driven to dishonorable acts by poverty and circumstance. As a tool of the evil Duke Ferdinand, Bosola spies on and murders people, but grows to oppose Ferdinand. By the end, Bosola avenges the Duchess' death by killing both Ferdinand and the Cardinal.
Este documento resume los principales tipos de poesía lírica en la Edad Media, incluyendo la lírica tradicional anónima, la lírica cortesana de autores cultos y la poesía narrativa del romancero. La lírica tradicional incluye canciones populares transmitidas oralmente sobre temas como el amor, el trabajo y las festividades. La lírica cortesana se desarrolló en las cortes y trataba el amor cortés desde una perspectiva individual y culta. El romancero combinaba elementos épicos y líricos para narrar historias
Este documento presenta información sobre el Romanticismo hispanoamericano. Brevemente describe que el Romanticismo surgió como una revolución estética pero también apuntaba a libertades políticas y la evolución de la sociedad. Luego menciona algunos representantes importantes del Romanticismo hispanoamericano como José Marmol, Esteban Echeverría, Jorge Isaacs y otros. Finalmente analiza obras representativas de estos autores resaltando temas como el amor, la naturaleza, la muerte y la política.
The document provides an outline and summary of the novel "The God of Small Things" by Arundhati Roy. It discusses the author, setting, characters, plot, themes, and symbols. The main events of the plot involve the love affair between a low-caste worker and an upper-class woman, which results in tragedy for their families in 1969 Kerala, India. The novel explores themes of class, politics, cultural identity, family, and sexuality through the lens of two young twins.
Coleridge's Biographia Literaria is analyzed in a paper submitted for a literary theory course. The document provides biographical information on Coleridge, noting he was a poet, critic, and philosopher born in 1772 in England who was a key figure of Romanticism. It discusses Biographia Literaria, in which Coleridge defines a poem as an organic whole and describes two cardinal points of poetry as giving novelty through imagination. The document also examines Coleridge's views on Wordsworth's poetic creed and the differences between prose, poems, and poetry.
La poesía romántica se divide en dos tendencias: la lírica, que expresa los anhelos y frustraciones del poeta a través de temas como el amor y la soledad, y la narrativa, que recoge leyendas e historia. José de Espronceda fue un poeta romántico español que cultivó ambas tendencias y destacó por sus poemas de exaltación a la libertad como "Canción del pirata" y sus obras narrativas más largas "El estudiante de Salamanca" y "El diablo mundo".
Arthur Miller was an influential American playwright and author born in 1915 in New York. He produced numerous acclaimed works across various genres including plays, novels, short stories and essays. Two of his most famous plays are Death of a Salesman and Broken Glass. Death of a Salesman focuses on Willy Loman and his dysfunctional family, while Broken Glass centers around a Jewish couple dealing with marital issues in 1930s New York. Miller was married three times and had four sons. He passed away in 2005 at the age of 89 in his Connecticut home, surrounded by family.
An Apology for Poetry was written by the Elizabethan writer Philip Sidney in his defence of poetry from the accusation that was made by Stephen Gosson in his work "School of Abuse".
Mahesh Dattani is an Indian dramatist, screenwriter, and director born in 1958. He tackles contemporary social issues in his plays such as gender discrimination and gender issues that exist in Indian society. Some of his plays minimize prejudices about gender and highlight how social constraints in India do not allow individuals to live their lives according to their own choices. His plays also discuss relationships between men and women and how patriarchy, double standards, and ideas of masculinity dominate and discriminate against both men and women in Indian society.
Lord Byron was a famous British Romantic poet known for his amorous lifestyle and brilliant use of language. He endured an unstable childhood but found success with poetic works like Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. However, rumors of incest and bisexuality led to his self-imposed exile from England, after which he supported Greek independence and died in Greece at age 36, though remaining a celebrated and controversial figure.
Este poema de Alfonsina Storni explora las relaciones de género y el peso de las expectativas ancestrales. La voz poética le reclama a su madre que los hombres de su familia, incluyendo su padre y abuelo, fingían ser fuertes y no mostrar emociones. Sin embargo, una lágrima de su madre revela generaciones de dolor oculto. Al probar esta lágrima, la voz poética comprende la carga emocional de siglos que las mujeres han tenido que soportar.
El documento presenta una descripción general de la Generación del 98 en España, un grupo de intelectuales que surgió luego de la pérdida de las últimas colonias españolas a finales del siglo XIX. Se discuten las diferencias entre el Modernismo y el Simbolismo, y se brindan detalles biográficos sobre Miguel de Unamuno y Antonio Machado, dos figuras importantes de este movimiento.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the novel from its origins to modern times. It notes that the novel arose from a desire to depict human character and entertain readers with deeper perceptions of life. Over time, novels shifted from portraying idealized characters to employing realism and naturalism as they reflected major historical events. The modern and postmodern eras saw novels questioning reality and exhibiting experimentation with form.
Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1792 in England to a noble family. He had a difficult time in school where he was bullied. At the University of Oxford he published an atheist pamphlet that led to his expulsion. He eloped twice, first with a 16-year old schoolgirl and then with Mary Godwin. Shelley found comfort in Italy among friends like Lord Byron and it was there that he wrote much of his best poetry. He drowned at age 30 when sailing in Italy and his body was cremated on the shore.
El documento describe el origen y características del realismo literario en el siglo XIX. Surgió como reacción al romanticismo para reflejar de manera objetiva la realidad social de la época, utilizando un estilo sencillo y descriptivo. La novela se convirtió en el género principal, con autores como Dickens, Balzac y Maupassant retratando problemas sociales de la clase media y obrera. Más tarde derivó en corrientes como el naturalismo.
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd is a pastoral elegy poem by Walt Whitman mourning the death of Abraham Lincoln. It uses nature imagery and symbols of a funeral procession to meditate on death and acceptance. The poem follows three simultaneous narratives - Lincoln's coffin journey, the poet's thoughts on death and mourning, and nature as separate yet sympathetic to humanity. The language shifts from formal rhetoric at the beginning to a more informal tone by the end.
Este documento resume la vida y obra de la escritora chilena Gabriela Mistral. Nació en 1889 en Vicuña, Chile. Tuvo una infancia difícil tras el abandono de su padre. Estudió de forma autodidacta y comenzó a publicar poemas en 1904 usando seudónimos. En 1914 ganó gran reconocimiento por sus "Sonetos de la Muerte". Usó el seudónimo Gabriela Mistral y trabajó como maestra. En 1945 ganó el Premio Nobel de Literatura. Mistral falleció en 1957 en Nue
This document provides context about Virginia Woolf's novel Orlando: A Biography. It discusses Woolf's life and background, including her mental health struggles. It then summarizes some key elements of the novel: the time period it spans, from the 16th to 20th century; its climax when Orlando wakes up in the present moment; and its themes of writing, literature, gender/society, and identity/transformation. The document also analyzes some of Woolf's narrative techniques, like stream of consciousness writing, and symbols in the novel like clothing, an oak tree, and feathers. Finally, it provides characteristics of a biography and cites Woolf's novel as the source text.
Girish Karnad Yayati and how it’s portray the cultural values of people, condition of caste system and woman in our society. Karnad was keen observer of Indian Society and he is successful to provide a realistic picture of corrupted souls of Indian Society.
The Character Bosola in the play The Duchess of Malfi Monir Hossen
Daniel de Bosola is a complex, supporting character in John Webster's play The Duchess of Malfi. Though he acts as a villain who betrays the Duchess and kills others, he is essentially an intelligent, good man driven to dishonorable acts by poverty and circumstance. As a tool of the evil Duke Ferdinand, Bosola spies on and murders people, but grows to oppose Ferdinand. By the end, Bosola avenges the Duchess' death by killing both Ferdinand and the Cardinal.
Este documento resume los principales tipos de poesía lírica en la Edad Media, incluyendo la lírica tradicional anónima, la lírica cortesana de autores cultos y la poesía narrativa del romancero. La lírica tradicional incluye canciones populares transmitidas oralmente sobre temas como el amor, el trabajo y las festividades. La lírica cortesana se desarrolló en las cortes y trataba el amor cortés desde una perspectiva individual y culta. El romancero combinaba elementos épicos y líricos para narrar historias
Este documento presenta información sobre el Romanticismo hispanoamericano. Brevemente describe que el Romanticismo surgió como una revolución estética pero también apuntaba a libertades políticas y la evolución de la sociedad. Luego menciona algunos representantes importantes del Romanticismo hispanoamericano como José Marmol, Esteban Echeverría, Jorge Isaacs y otros. Finalmente analiza obras representativas de estos autores resaltando temas como el amor, la naturaleza, la muerte y la política.
The document provides an outline and summary of the novel "The God of Small Things" by Arundhati Roy. It discusses the author, setting, characters, plot, themes, and symbols. The main events of the plot involve the love affair between a low-caste worker and an upper-class woman, which results in tragedy for their families in 1969 Kerala, India. The novel explores themes of class, politics, cultural identity, family, and sexuality through the lens of two young twins.
Coleridge's Biographia Literaria is analyzed in a paper submitted for a literary theory course. The document provides biographical information on Coleridge, noting he was a poet, critic, and philosopher born in 1772 in England who was a key figure of Romanticism. It discusses Biographia Literaria, in which Coleridge defines a poem as an organic whole and describes two cardinal points of poetry as giving novelty through imagination. The document also examines Coleridge's views on Wordsworth's poetic creed and the differences between prose, poems, and poetry.
La poesía romántica se divide en dos tendencias: la lírica, que expresa los anhelos y frustraciones del poeta a través de temas como el amor y la soledad, y la narrativa, que recoge leyendas e historia. José de Espronceda fue un poeta romántico español que cultivó ambas tendencias y destacó por sus poemas de exaltación a la libertad como "Canción del pirata" y sus obras narrativas más largas "El estudiante de Salamanca" y "El diablo mundo".
Arthur Miller was an influential American playwright and author born in 1915 in New York. He produced numerous acclaimed works across various genres including plays, novels, short stories and essays. Two of his most famous plays are Death of a Salesman and Broken Glass. Death of a Salesman focuses on Willy Loman and his dysfunctional family, while Broken Glass centers around a Jewish couple dealing with marital issues in 1930s New York. Miller was married three times and had four sons. He passed away in 2005 at the age of 89 in his Connecticut home, surrounded by family.
An Apology for Poetry was written by the Elizabethan writer Philip Sidney in his defence of poetry from the accusation that was made by Stephen Gosson in his work "School of Abuse".
Mahesh Dattani is an Indian dramatist, screenwriter, and director born in 1958. He tackles contemporary social issues in his plays such as gender discrimination and gender issues that exist in Indian society. Some of his plays minimize prejudices about gender and highlight how social constraints in India do not allow individuals to live their lives according to their own choices. His plays also discuss relationships between men and women and how patriarchy, double standards, and ideas of masculinity dominate and discriminate against both men and women in Indian society.
Lord Byron was a famous British Romantic poet known for his amorous lifestyle and brilliant use of language. He endured an unstable childhood but found success with poetic works like Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. However, rumors of incest and bisexuality led to his self-imposed exile from England, after which he supported Greek independence and died in Greece at age 36, though remaining a celebrated and controversial figure.
Este poema de Alfonsina Storni explora las relaciones de género y el peso de las expectativas ancestrales. La voz poética le reclama a su madre que los hombres de su familia, incluyendo su padre y abuelo, fingían ser fuertes y no mostrar emociones. Sin embargo, una lágrima de su madre revela generaciones de dolor oculto. Al probar esta lágrima, la voz poética comprende la carga emocional de siglos que las mujeres han tenido que soportar.
El documento presenta una descripción general de la Generación del 98 en España, un grupo de intelectuales que surgió luego de la pérdida de las últimas colonias españolas a finales del siglo XIX. Se discuten las diferencias entre el Modernismo y el Simbolismo, y se brindan detalles biográficos sobre Miguel de Unamuno y Antonio Machado, dos figuras importantes de este movimiento.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the novel from its origins to modern times. It notes that the novel arose from a desire to depict human character and entertain readers with deeper perceptions of life. Over time, novels shifted from portraying idealized characters to employing realism and naturalism as they reflected major historical events. The modern and postmodern eras saw novels questioning reality and exhibiting experimentation with form.
This document outlines an English language learning curriculum organized by skill level and topic. The levels range from 1 to 13. Topics include reading for pleasure and comprehension, writing skills and practice, listening comprehension, pronunciation, test preparation for TOEIC, TOEFL and IELTS, and business communication skills like meetings and conversations. Materials listed include books, CD-ROMs, videos, and workbooks to support developing skills at each level.
The document summarizes the target audience, distribution, marketing, and new technologies used to promote the 2001 film Bridget Jones's Diary. The target audience was primarily females aged 18-35 who enjoy romantic comedies and can relate to the title character Bridget Jones and her problems finding "Mr. Right." Universal Pictures distributed the film and it opened on April 13, 2001 with $10 million in promotional support from partners like The Body Shop, MSN, and Virgin Atlantic, who used ads playing on Bridget's weight worries. People could follow and interact with Bridget Jones on early social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter and download wallpapers online to promote the film.
The document discusses various elements of the opening sequence of the 2001 romantic comedy film Bridget Jones's Diary:
- It establishes the main character Bridget through a voiceover and her location on Primrose Hill in London.
- The opening uses non-diegetic music and Bridget's voiceover to set the theme and tone that the film reflects her diary and thoughts.
- Camera shots like over the shoulder are used to show conversations and establish relationships between characters.
- The opening takes place in an interior setting of Bridget's bedroom and uses natural lighting to set a casual tone.
- The film targets women ages 18+ who can relate to Bridget's struggles with relationships,
Bridget Jones's Diary is set in London and shares similarities with Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. It follows the story of Bridget Jones, played by Renee Zellweger, as she navigates her love life and career. The film has a British cast and crew and its soundtrack features both British and international artists. It portrays stereotypical British issues like smoking, swearing, drinking and focuses on the themes of love, comedy and Bridget's quirky narration of her own story.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tiga aliran seni rupa yaitu Ekspresionisme, Naturalisme, dan Kubisme. Ekspresionisme menekankan pada ungkapan emosi dan imajinasi, Naturalisme pada penggambaran alam secara realistis, sementara Kubisme menggunakan bentuk-bentuk geometris dan teknik kolase.
Henrik Ibsen's 1879 play A Doll's House revolves around Nora Helmer, a housewife living in 19th century Norway. The play shocked audiences by having Nora abandon her husband and children at the end to find her own identity. Ibsen uses the characters and their relationships to critique gender roles and social norms of the Victorian era. Through revelations of past deceptions, the play builds tension as Nora realizes she has been living unfulfilled in a doll-like existence and decides to forge her own path independent from men.
The document summarizes the main characters and themes in Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. It discusses the themes of pride, prejudice, family, marriage, and class as they relate to the story and characters. Pride and prejudice negatively influence how the main characters Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy initially judge each other. However, they are able to overcome these faults and recognize their true feelings for one another by the end. The family is an important social unit that shapes the characters. Marriage in the society depicted presents challenges for women who have few options to support themselves other than through marriage. Issues of class status also influence the characters and their interactions.
13. 1. Montignys bord (1855) 2. Meiningerne (1860) Viktige utviklere av det moderne teateret . 3. Emile Zola og det naturalistiske manifest 4. Antoine og Théâtre Libre 5. Stanislavskij og Moskva kunstnerteater
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Editor's Notes
Skal ikke si så mye om meg selv. Vi går rett på med konkurranse! Ser litt på plan i slutten av øka
Blir litt forelesning nå, og noen øvinger til slutt viss vi rekker det. Jeg må gå halv to pga av sykt barn. Dere jobber med diskusjonsoppgaver/ leksa i siste time.
Enig om det med virkelighet, men litt forskjellig fokus
NB: alle periodebetegnelser er ca-betegnelser. En glidene overgang helt fra opplysningstida til realismen mot et mer virkelighetsnært og realistisk teater. VI får en voldsom reaksjon på dette på 1900-tallet, som dere skal lære mer om neste år. Når dere begynner med prosjekt neste uke vil dere se at beskrivelsen av realismen ikke automatisk kan beskrive alle som virket innenfor realismen. De begynte kanskje med disse tankene, men utviklet seg etter hvert. Dette skal vi komme tilbake til. Men vi trenger likevel noen kjenneteng, noen knagger som vi kan forstå perioden på bakgrunn av. Maleren ble utelukket fra utstillinger fordi hans detaljerte og virkelighetsnære bilder av utslitte bønder og arbeidere – usj. Han laget en privat utstilling og skrev med store bokstaver på et skilt: Le realisme. Danske litteraturkritiker: holdt en rekke foredrag der han oppfordret kunstnere til å ta tak i samfunnsproblemer og diskutere dem i stykkene sine. Ibsen og Bjørnson ble påvirket av dette. Realismens første fase: sammen med opplysningstida: holberg, en tro på at man kunne oppdra folk gjennom teateret. De hadde fortsatt en tro på at teateret kunne forandre folks hoder og samfunnet. Man blir mer pessimistisk etter hvert. Ikke alle perioder er like synlige i teateret. For eksempel barokken som skiller seg svært fra klassisismen i arkitekturen, det er ikke så stor forskjell på teateret i barokk og klassisisme. Men realismen som periode er i stor grad knyttet til teateret. Ofte ligger litteraturen foran og teateret bak, men de sentrale realismeforfatterne skrev skuespill, ikke romaner. Realismen kledde teatreret fordi det ligner på livet, virkelige personer, her og nå. . Etter hvert utviklet realismen seg til å få mer symbolikk, mer opptatt av menneskesinnet, mindre opptatt av samfunnet. Mer pessimistisk, mer i tvil. Nora reiser fra Helmer og blir frigjort, mens Hedda tar sitt eget liv.
Stor vekt på detaljer, passet bedre for litteraturen, vanskeligere på teateret, men vi skal se seinere hvordan den detaljerte naturalismen påvirket spillestilen. Vanskelig å dra et helt klart skille, først og fremst på innhold og holdning til verden, mindre enn på formen.
Det økte fokuset på vireklighet få selvsagt konsekvenser for tematikken i stykkene som blir satt opp, men kanskje viktigst får det konsekvenser for spillestil og for teateruttrykket – med andre ord: iscenesettelsen, fabelen, skuespilleren, rommet. Det moderne teater, as we know it. Hadde vi gått inn i et teater i antikken, middelalderen, renessansen eller opplysningstida, hadde vi følt oss fremmedgjorte. Vi hadde nok opplevd teateret gammeldags også viss vi hadde reist til 1870, men mye mer gjenkjennelig. Teateret handler nå mer om våre liv og de er plassert der våre liv foregår. Fabelen (dramaturgien), handlingen: Eugene Scribe, forløperen – inspirerte Ibsen. Brukte klassiske dramaturgien, strammet til med spenning og driv. Logikk i handling og i replikker, handling og tid går framover kronologisk, noen av karakterene innbyr til identifikasjon, Det er ofte en protagonist, en som driver handlinga framover.
Montignys bord: Tidligere hadde scenen vært todimensjonal. Skuespillerne sto i en slags halvsirkel foran på scenen med en illustrasjon bak. Han ledet en teaterscnene i Paris og han var en av de føsrste som plasserte et rundt bord på scenen. Skuespillerne ble da tvunget til å forholde seg til bordet og til hverandre. Vanlige rekvisitter. (1851) Hergtug Georg 2. (Ser litt skummel ut): rik, teaterinteressert og kunstutdannet. Realistisk scenografi: brukte ikke lerret, pappmasje og juks, men ordnelige materialer: tre, mur og jern. Ekte rustninger og tunge sverd. Brukte elektrisitet svært tidlig, og lyssetting ble et viktig virkemiddel. Lengre prøvetid, analyserte stykkene. Alle roller var like viktige. Mange ble inspirert av dem. Emile Zola skrev et manfest: Naturalismen på teatret. Ibsen og Bjørnsom var populær i europa, men ennå ikke oppført i Paris som hang litt igjen i romantikken: Lese manifestet En som forsøkte å sette disse teoriene ut i livet: Andrè Antoine, franskmann. Kom ikke inn på konservatoriet, startet opp med amatører: fordeler: de var ikke utdannet i de konvensjonene som skuespillerne hadde den gangen. De var et fast ensemble (de vanlige teatretene engasjerte nye skuespillere til hver forestilling). De skred ikke inn, de slentret. De deklamerte ikke, de snakket vanlig, lot seg ikke merke av publikum, snudde ryggen til dem: det hadde aldri skjedd før!
