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1. NARRA
TION
Patterns of Idea
Development
Reading and Writing

4. Narration • According to Merriam-
Webster Dictionary,
Narration is the act or
process or an instance
of narrating

5. Narration • It is usually conveyed in
a manner of narrative
or simply termed as a
“story”
• It may be in the form of
fiction and non-fiction

6. Elements
of
Narration
• Time (Tense
Consistency)
• Character
• Plot
• Morality
• Point-of-view

7. Elements
of
Narration
• Time (Tense
Consistency)
• The time period or
markings used in the
narration should be
consistent
• Usually done in the past
form

8. Elements
of
Narration
• Character
• The characters are the
“fuel of the narrative”
• The characters must be
a reflection or
representation of some
of the behavior or
qualities that a real
people possess

9. Elements
of
Narration
• Character
• Protagonist – usually
the “hero/heroine of the
story”; usually being
portrayed with virtuous
traits and usually
resolves his or her
problems without the
help from others

10. Elements
of
Narration
• Character
• Antagonist – usually
being
called as the “villain”
• He or she brings
conflicts, issues or
problems to the
protagonists

13. Elements
of
Narration
• Plot
• Backbone of the Story
• Usually the highlight
of the story
• Determines the flow of
events

14. Elements
of
Narration
• Plot
• Sequence
Outline
• Plot Pyramid

15. Sequenc
e Outline

16. Plot
Pyramid

17. Elements
of
Narration
• Values
• What will the readers
or audience will get
from your text?
• “A good story has
good characters,
good plot and a
message that will
leave a mark on the

18. Elements
of
Narration
• Point-of-View
• It is how the
writer/author
presented the story
• It is the mode of
narration
• Lets us “hear”, “see”
and “feel” the

19. Elements
of
Narration
• Point-of-View
• First Person
• Third Person-limited
• Third Person-
omniscient
• Third Person-
objective

20. Elements
of
Narration
• Point-of-View
• First Person
• Writes or reveals the
story as if the author
was also the one
telling the story
• Uses the pronouns such
as “I” and “we”

21. Elements
of
Narration
• Point-of-View
• Third Person-Limited
• The narrator only
knows the thoughts
and feelings of one
character.
• Uses the pronouns “he”,
“she”

22. Elements
of
Narration
• Point-of-View
• Third Person-
Omniscient
• The narrator knows all
the feelings and
happenings of all the
characters in the story
• It gives the characters

23. Elements
of
Narration
• Point-of-View
• Third Person-Objective
• The narrator who tells a
story without describing
any character's
thoughts, opinions, or
feelings; instead, it
gives an objective,
unbiased point of view.