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- 1. Reading Disabilities NOT: Support reluctant readers beyond dyslexia and other learning differences 1
- 2. Presented by Deborah Blashaw Regina Powers From Servite High School 2
- 4. What percentage of America's prison inmates are illiterate? Prison Cell In Alcatraz Prison. Photograph.Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. http://quest.eb.com/images/105_1397481 4
- 6. What percentage of juvenile offenders have reading problems? Prison Cell In Alcatraz Prison. Photograph.Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. http://quest.eb.com/images/105_1397481 6
- 7. 85% Literacy Statistics Reference Information, U.S. Department of Education 7
- 8. “Over 50% of NASA employees are dyslexic. They are deliberately sought after because they have superb problem-solving skills and excellent 3D and spatial awareness.” Reference: Mary-Margaret Scholtens, director of the Alternative Programs Providing Learning Experiences (APPLE) Group, Copyright 2005, Jonesboro Sun BK C/O Space.. Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web..http://quest.eb.com/images/137_3060146 8
- 9. Beyond Bloom’s Can a learning disability be beneficial? 9
- 10. Why Kids Don’t Read Lack of Interest Processing Problems C/O: LAWRENCE LAWRY / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Universal Images Group Open Book. Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. http://quest.eb.com/images/132_1251763 10
- 11. Approximately what percentage of children (3-17 years of age) have been diagnosed with ADHD? C/OLeonard Lessin / Photo Researchers / Universal Images Group Ritalin. Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. 11 http://quest.eb.com/images/139_1936875
- 12. 11% Center for Disease Control 12
- 13. What percentage of boys have been diagnosed with ADHD? C/O Brian Summers / First Light / Universal Images Group Boy. Boy. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.Web. http://quest.eb.com/images/152_1599094 13
- 14. 13.2% Center of Disease Control 14
- 15. Is ADHD Under-diagnosed? • 52% of children not diagnosed • Girls are less likely than boys to have condition recognized • Only about 10 percent of adults diagnosed and treated 15
- 17. Multiple attentiveness may mean… • Unable to focus • Overactive • Unable to control behavior • or a combination of these 17
- 18. Obvious Symptoms Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat Leaves seat when remaining seated is expected Runs about or climbs in inappropriate situations Has problems playing or working quietly Is often "on the go," acts as if "driven by a motor" Talks excessively Blurts out answers before questions have been completed Has difficulty awaiting turn Interrupts or intrudes on others (butts into conversations or games) 18
- 19. Not obvious Symptoms Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork Has difficulty keeping attention during tasks or play Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish school work or chores and tasks Has problems organizing tasks and activities Avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork) Often loses toys, assignments, pencils, books, or tools needed for tasks or activities Is easily distracted Is often forgetful in daily activities 19
- 20. The Gifts of Multiple Attentiveness (ADD, ADHD, Autism) 20
- 21. Gifts of Multiple Attentiveness (ADD/ADHD) Flexibility Creativity C/O:ANNA HYMAS / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Universal Images Group Perseverance C/O: Photo Japan / Robert Harding World Imagery / Universal Images Group C/O: Illustration entitled 'San Francisco Mozart Festival' by Andrzej Dudzinski, 1991." Enthusiasm Visage / Stockbyte / Getty Images / Universal Images Group 21
- 22. Support Strategies for Multiple Attentiveness • • • • Read aloud Read-Share Audio books Text-to-audio features 22
- 23. Support Strategies for Multiple Attentiveness • Engage Imagination • Visualize • Make a movie 23
- 24. Support Strategies for Multiple Attentiveness • Demo parts of book • Demo parts of website • Don’t assume! 24
- 25. Support Strategies for Multiple Attentiveness • • • • Predict Share Discuss Organize Preschool students performing in a school play, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan Preschool Students Performing In A School Play.Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.http://quest.eb.com/images/105_1397066 25
- 26. Support Strategies for Multiple Attentiveness • Encourage notetaking • Teach Cursive! • Teach typing! *Anything you write you are 6 times more likely to remember. C/O: VICTOR DE SCHWANBERG / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Universal Images Group Diary Reminder, Post-it Note. Photography.Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. http://quest.eb.com/images/132_1256239 26
- 27. Support Strategies for Multiple Attentiveness • Build on background knowledge C/O: QA International / Arcaid Picture Library / Universal Images Group Illustration Cutaway Of Building Foundation.Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.Web.http://quest.eb.com/images/111_1494967 27
- 28. Support Strategies for Multiple Attentiveness Take a break every 15 to 20 minutes! C/O Omikron / Photo Researchers / Universal Images Group Child Labor. Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web.http://quest.eb.com/images/139_1920532 28
- 30. What percentage of the population is affected by dyslexia? 30
- 31. 20% Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity 31
- 32. Out of 10 students with dyslexia, how many will qualify for an IEP and support? Prison Cell In Alcatraz Prison. Photograph.Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. http://quest.eb.com/images/105_1397481 32
- 33. 1 out of 10 33
- 34. Reading Processing Disorder Dyslexia Brain does not properly recognize and process certain symbols. Involves difficulties in acquiring and processing language Typically manifested by a lack of proficiency in reading, spelling, and writing. High percentage of comorbidity with ADD and dysgraphia 34
- 35. The Gifts of Reading Processing Disorders (Dyslexia) 35
- 36. Vivid Imagination The Gifts in Dyslexia Curious Problem-Solvers C/O: JGI / Blend / Learning Pictures / Universal Images Group Intuitive and Insightful 36 C/O: UNIVERSAL PICTURES/ Album / Universal Images Group C/O: Chris Marona / Photo Researchers / Universal Images Group
- 37. Support Strategies for Reading Processing Disorders Help them see the big picture. EARTH SATELLITE CORPORATION / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Universal Images Group Earth. Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. http://quest.eb.com/images/132_1236809 37
- 38. Strategies to unlock the gifts of Dislexics Reader’s Advisory C/O: LAWRENCE LAWRY / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Universal Images Group Open Book. Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. http://quest.eb.com/images/132_1251763 38
- 39. Support Strategies for Multiple Attentiveness 39
- 40. Universal Design It works for everyone 40
- 41. For Architects The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. 41
- 42. For Teachers Universal design is an approach to designing course instruction, materials, and content to benefit people of all learning styles without adaptation or retrofitting. 42
- 43. Font Style Strategies Sa n sS er if 12, 14 size Use lower case letters 43
- 44. Paper Style Strategies •Use colored paper •Use matt paper to reduce glare •Use good quality paper •Avoid light text on a dark background 44
- 45. Presentation Style Strategies •Break text into short, readable units •Use wide margins and headings •Use at least 1.5 line spaces between lines of text •Use bold print to highlight •Highlight important text in a box or use color •Keep text left justified with a ragged right edge 45
- 46. Accommodation Tools A few examples 46
- 47. iPad Features: • Enlarge print • Change background color • Access audio • Learning Apps 47
- 49. 2. Speak Selection Speak Selection 49
- 50. 3. Turn on features; set speed Speak Selection Speaking Rate ht lig s igh ord H W 50
- 52. Review Why are we here today? 52
- 53. 85 percent of juvenile offenders have reading problems. Prison Cell In Alcatraz Prison. Photograph.Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. http://quest.eb.com/images/105_1397481 53
- 54. Only 1 out of 10 students with dyslexia will qualify for an IEP and support. Prison Cell In Alcatraz Prison. Photograph.Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. http://quest.eb.com/images/105_1397481 54
- 55. Librarians Advocate! • • • • • • • LP Books Audio Books Text-to-audio features Learning to Keyboard Portable Keyboards Note-Taking Software Speech-to-Text Dictation Programs • Text-to-Speech Products 55
- 56. Great news! Audio books sans DRM http://boingboing.net/2014/01/23/al l-library-audiobooks-going-t.html Overdrive announces audiobooks to be MP3 format i.e., w/o DRM 56
- 57. Useful Resources • National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD) • K12 Reader • Yale Center for Dyslexia • Learning Ally ($) • Decoding Dyslexia • YouTube audio books • Firefly: Kurzweil ($) • Edmentum ($) • LibriVox See Links page @ ReadingDisabilitiesNOT.Weebl y.com 57
- 58. Every effort was made to credit the creators of the images used during this presentation and to cite where they were retrieved. Feel free to contact presenter, Regina Powers, if you feel a copyright violation is evident. rpowers@servitehs.org 58
Editor's Notes
- http://www.statisticbrain.com/number-of-american-adults-who-cant-read/
- 85% Reference: U.S. Department of Education. There are no studies comparing valedictorians to students with learning differences.
- That’s 6.4 million kids. Reference: Center for Disease Control, 2011
- 12.O % of boys and 4.7 % of girls Reference: Center of Disease Control, 2011
- 13.2% of boys and 5.6% of girls Reference: Center of Disease Control, 2011
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine concluded that 52% of children who met the American Psychiatric Association's criteria for ADHD had not been diagnosed with the disorder. Boys were about twice as likely as girls to meet the criteria for ADHD, but girls who had ADHD were far less likely than boys to have their condition recognized. Adult ADHD (American Psychological Association - March 2012) A study also found that only about 10 percent of adults who met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD had been diagnosed and treated for it.
- From now on, we will be referring to ADD/ADHD as multiple attentiveness.
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a problem of not being able to focus, being overactive, not being able control behavior, or a combination of these. Some people with ADHD have mainly inattentive symptoms. Some have mainly hyperactive and impulsive symptoms. Others have a combination of different symptom types. Those with mostly inattentive symptoms are sometimes said to have attention deficit disorder (ADD). They tend to be less disruptive and are more likely not to be diagnosed with ADHD.
- Easy-to-spot symptoms involve hyperactivity and impulsivity issues
- Inattentive symptoms are not so evident and, therefore, usually under-diagnosed.
- Flexible- Because children with ADD/ADHD consider a lot of options at once, they don’t become set on one alternative early on. They are more open to different ideas. Creativite – Children who have ADD/ADHD can be marvelously creative and imaginative. The child who daydreams and has ten different thoughts at once can become a master problem-solver, a fountain of ideas, or an inventive artist. Children with ADD/ADHD may be easily distracted, but sometimes they notice what others don’t see. Enthusiasm and spontaneity – Children with ADD/ADHD are rarely boring! They’re interested in a lot of different things and have lively personalities. In short, if they’re not exasperating you (and sometimes even when they are), they’re a lot of fun to be with. Energy and drive – When kids with ADD/ADHD are motivated, they work or play hard and strive to succeed. It actually may be difficult to distract them from a task that interests them, especially if the activity is interactive or hands-on.
- Reading aloud- A child with ADD listening skills are usually stronger than their reading skills. Children can comprehend more if they read along silently as you read the book out loud. Create a list of books and textbooks with an audio component
- Engage Imagination- Encourage the reader to visualize the events in the story to create a picture or movie in their mind. After a few pages, ask the reader to describe it.
- Show how books are organized- Textbooks are structured in a way that highlights and summarizes important information. Point out glossaries and indexes. Explain charts and graphs.
- Ask for predictions- when reading aloud , stop occasionally to ask what the child thinks will happen. that requires them to integrate what they have learned about the character and story- and about the way stories are typically organized to anticipate the rest of the plot .
- Encourage note taking- Have a student use post it notes or a notebook if they can’t take the book with them. Have them briefly jot down what is happening or what a section is about. Note taking requires readers to make sense of what they are reading and engages more of the mind. Anything you write you are 6 times more likely to remember. It’s great study tool.
- Build on background knowledge - Encourage a reader to bring their own experiences and interests to understand the book.
- Diagnosed (National Institute of Health) Dyslexia affects 20%, or 1 in every 5 people. Some people may have more mild forms, while others may experience it more severely. Dyslexia is one of the most common cause of reading difficulties in elementary school children because Undiagnosed 1 in 10 dyslexics will qualify for an IEP and special education that will allow them to get the help in reading that they need. Only 5% of dyslexics are diagnosed 85% of adult illiterates are undiagnosed illiterates.
- Diagnosed (National Institute of Health) Dyslexia affects 20%, or 1 in every 5 people. Some people may have more mild forms, while others may experience it more severely. Dyslexia is one of the most common cause of reading difficulties in elementary school children because Undiagnosed 1 in 10 dyslexics will qualify for an IEP and special education that will allow them to get the help in reading that they need. Only 5% of dyslexics are diagnosed 85% of adult illiterates are undiagnosed illiterates.
- Reference: U.S. Department of Education
- Diagnosed (National Institute of Health) Dyslexia affects 20%, or 1 in every 5 people. Some people may have more mild forms, while others may experience it more severely. Dyslexia is one of the most common cause of reading difficulties in elementary school children because Undiagnosed 1 in 10 dyslexics will qualify for an IEP and special education that will allow them to get the help in reading that they need. Only 5% of dyslexics are diagnosed 85% of adult illiterates are undiagnosed illiterates.
- Developmental reading disorder is a reading disability that occurs when the brain does not properly recognize and process certain symbols. It is also called dyslexia. It is a variable, often familial learning disability, involving difficulties in acquiring and processing language, that is typically manifested by a lack of proficiency in reading, spelling, and writing. There is a high percentage of comorbidity with ADD and dysgraphia
- They can utilize the brain's ability to alter and create perceptions (great problem solvers). They are highly aware of the environment. They are more curious than average. They think mainly in pictures instead of words. They are highly intuitive and insightful. They think and perceive multi-dimensionally (using all the senses). They can experience thought as reality. They have vivid imaginations. They have highly developed auditory recall Famous dyslexics: Leonardo di Vinci, Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, Henry Ford
- *These strategies are also effective with multiple attentiveness. Help them see the big picture. Since many students with dyslexia are so focused on decoding the meaning of each word that they "miss the forest for the trees," Scaffolding is necessary (see ADHD strategies for active reading)
- Ask the reader what they are interested in. If they are going to put in the effort, make it worth it. Never choose a book that is beyond the reading level of the student. Make it easy and help them see growth. Introduce the book – it takes some students longer to dive in Read the first few paragraphs Provide background knowledge for NF Introduce the book as if it were a “problem” that the author is going to solve
- Recommend books with larger fonts. Acquire and advocate for audio and text-to-audio features
- For architects, product designers, engineers - This design model allows access for the disabled but it is also more accessible and better designed for the entire population.
- For educators Universal design is an approach to designing course instruction, materials, and content to benefit people of all learning styles without adaptation or retrofitting. Universal design provides equal access to learning, not simply equal access to information. Universal Design allows the student to control the method of accessing information while the teacher monitors the learning process and initiates any beneficial methods. It’s just good teaching.
- Use a san serif font such as Arial, Comic Sans, Verdana or Sassoon. Use a minimum of 12pt or 14pt font size. Use lower case letters. Avoid unnecessary use of capitals. Using all capital letters can make it harder to read, and it can also appear that you are shouting at the reader.
- Use a colored paper, even cream or off white. Some individuals will have specific color preferences, e.g. yellow or blue. Use matt paper to reduce glare. Don’t use flimsy paper which may allow text from the other side to show through. Good quality 80 or 90 gsm is effective. Avoid light text on a dark background.
- Keep sentences and paragraphs short. Try to break text into short readable units. Use bullet points and numbers rather than long passages of prose. Use wide margins and headings. Use at least 1.5 line spaces between lines of text, if possible. Use bold print to highlight. Italics and underline should be avoided as they can blur text. Highlight important text in a box or use color. Keep text left justified with a ragged right edge. Don’t use unnecessary hyphenation.
- iPad Anything you can highlight can be read aloud Setting Accessibility Speak Selection Enlarge print Change background Access audio iBooks, Kindle,YouTube (has many novels read aloud)
- Kurzweil 3000(for test taking) Text to speech support allowing independent access for students with reading disabilities Compatibility with IntelliKeys and other third party assistive technology tools to support those with physical disabilities Language translation, an integrated dictionary and thesaurus to support English Language Learners Multiple question and response formats including fill-in-the-blanks, multiple-choice, true/false, circling tools, highlighters, short answer, essay and recorded responses Features that can be enabled or disabled for tests depending on the needs of the student and the test requirements
- 85% Reference: U.S. Department of Education. There are no studies comparing valedictorians to students with learning differences.
- 65% Reference: U.S. Department of Education